I.

L DO V NI DUNG CN BNG
1.1. L do cn bng my
Lc qun tnh li tm dao ng (rung)
ph v, h hng, tng mi mn
Cn bng lc qun tnh kh cc tc
hi do n gy ra, bng cch phn b li
cc khi lng trong cc c cu nhm lm
cho cc lc qun tnh cn bng nhau.

1.2. Ni dung
Xem xt hai iu kin:
Cn bng tnh: (cc vt quay mng)

r
Pq

r
G
Pq = m.a = m. 2 .rS

r
r
Pq = Pqi = 0
i

rS

r
r
Cn bng ng: (cc vt quay dy) Pq = Pqi = 0
r
i
r

M q = M qi = 0
i

II. CN BNG VT QUAY

2.1. Phn loi vt quay (VQ)
Gi thit VQ khng bin dng, khi lng phn b trong phm vi bn
knh R v chiu di L theo ng trc.

L<R VQ mng. VD: bnh rng, a xch

L>R VQ dy. VD: roto ng c in, trc khuu

2.2. Cn bng VQ mng

Q3
Q1
Q2
2
2
P1 = r1 P2 =
r2 P3 =
r3 2
g
g
g
Trng tm ca vt quay s cch trc
mt khong

Q3r3

r
P2

r
P1

r
P3

Q1r1 + Q2 r2 + Q3r3
rG =
Q1 + Q2 + Q3
i trng cn thm vo c trng lng
Q, cch tm mt khong r, to ra lc
qun tnh

tha mn

Q 2
P = r
g
r r r r
P1 + P2 + P3 + P = 0

Q1r1 + Q2 r2 + Q3r3 + Qr = 0
Dng a gic lc xc nh

Qr

Q2 r2

r
P

Qr

Q1r1

2.3. Th nghim cn bng VQM

C
a

c im ca phng php ny:

- Thit b n gin.
- D mt nhiu thi gian.
- Thiu chnh xc v c ma st gia trc
v dao.

dao
T

G
G

r
Pqt 2

2.4. Cn bng VQ dy
Xt vt quay c: m1 (r1), m2 (r2)
Gi s: m1

r
r
= m2 ; r1 = r2

m
r2
r2

r
RA

A
m1

Lc
r qun tnhrli tm:
r

Pq1 = 2 m1r1

r
r1

r
2
Pq 2 = m2 r2

r
Pqt1

R rng:

r
r
r
Pq = Pq1 + Pq 2 = 0 cn bng tnh
r r
Do Pq1 , Pq 2 khng nm trn cng mt

(I)

phng ngu lc c momen:

M q = Pq .L = 2 m1r1 L ALK RA, RB

vt quay dy cn bng cn phi c:

r
r
Pq = Pqi = 0
r
i
r

M q = M qi = 0
i

(II)

r
RB

2.4. Cn bng VQ dy
Nguyn tc: cn bng vt quay dy ch cn hai i trng cn bng. Hai i
trng ny t trong hai mt phng khc nhau ty chn v vung gc vi trc quay.
Xt vt quay (=const) c n khi mi phn b trn cc mp (1), (2), (n) trc quay

r
r
2
Pqi = mi ri

(I) v (II) hai mp ty chn trc quay. Chia mi lc

nm trn (I) v (II)

r
r
r
Pqi thnh Pqi ( I ) , Pqi ( II )

r
r
r
Pqi = Pqi ( I ) + Pqi ( II )
r
Pq 3( I )

r
Pq 2
r
Pq 3

r
Pq 2( I )
r
m2 , r2

r
Pq 3( II )

r
m3 , r3

r
m1 , r1
r
Pq1( I )

(I)

r
Pq 2( II )

r
Pq1( II )

r
Pq1

(1)

r
// Pqi

(2)

(3)

(II)

2.4. Cn bng VQ dy
r
r
r
2
Trn mp (I), chn i trng mcb ( I ) ti v tr rcb ( I ) Pcb ( I ) = mcb ( I ) rcb ( I )
r
r
r
r
1
Pcb ( I ) + Pqi ( I ) = 0 mcb ( I ) rcb ( I ) = 2 Pqi ( I )

r
r
1
Trn mp (II) mcb ( II ) rcb ( II ) = 2 Pqi ( II )

r
Pq 2

r
Pq 3( I )
r
Pcb ( I )

r
Pq 3

r
Pq 2( I )
r
m2 , r2

r
m3 , r3
r
Pcb ( II )

r
m1 , r1

r
mcb ( I ) , rcb ( I )

r
Pq1( I )

(I)

r
r
Pq 3( II ) Pq 2( II )

r
mcb ( II ) , rcb ( II )

r
Pq1

(1)

(2)

(3)

r
Pq1( II )

(II)