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    38 views17 pages

    Ashrae 1997 Hvac Fundamentals Handbook PDF

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    Arie Julianto
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    CHAPTER 6 PSYCHROMETRICS Composition of Dry and Moist Air 6.1 Numerical Calculation of Moist Air Properties 610 United States Standard Atmosphere 61 Exact Relasions for Computing W, and 9 610 Thermodynanic Properties of Moist Air 62 Mois Air Property Tables for Standard Pressure 6.10 ThemodsnamicPoperts of Water a Saturation 62 poycirametric Charts 6.10 Huidiy Parameters 68 Humidity Parameters Involving Saturation 68 Dpical Air-Conditioning Processes 12 Perfect Gas Relationships for Dry and Moist Air. 6.8 Transport Properties of Moist Air 6.15 ‘Thermondymaic Wer Bulb Temperature and Air, Water, and Steam Properties 616 Dew Point Temperature 69 Symbols 616 SYCHROMETRICS deals with thermodynamic properties 2, = 8314.41/18.01528 = 461.520 J/ckg-K) ° ‘of moist ar and uses these properties to analyze conditions and processes involving moist ar. Hyland and Wexler (1983a, 19836) developed formulas for thermodynamic properties of moist air and water, Perfect gas relations can be used in most airconditioning problems instead of these formulas. Threlkeld (1970) showed that fexrors are less than 0.7% incaleulating humidity ratio, enthalpy, and specific volume of saturated ira standard atmospheric pressure for 4 temperature range of ~50 to 50°C. Furthermore, these errors decrease with decreasing pressure ‘This chapter discusses perfect as relations and descibes their use in common air-conditioning problems. The formulas developed by Hyland and Wesler (1983a) may be used where greater precision is required, COMPOSITION OF DRY AND MOIST AIR [Atmospheric air contains many gaseous components as well as wwatee vapor and miscellaneous contaminants (eg. smoke, pollen, and gaseous pollutants not normally presen in free air far fram po lution sources). Dry air exists when all water vapor and contaminants have been removed from atmospheric ai. The composition of dry air i rela tively constant, but small vacations in the amousts of individu ‘components occur with time, geographic location, and altitude. Har ‘son (1965) lists the approxinat percentage composition of dry air by volume as nitrogen, 78.084: oxygen, 20.0476; argon, 0.934: ear- bon dioxide, 00314: neoa, 001818 helium, 0.000524; methane, 0.00015; sulfur dioxide, 0 to 0.0001; hydrogen, 0.00005; and minor ‘components such as krypton, Xenoa, and ozone, 0.0003. The rela tive molecular mass ofall components, for dry airs 28.9648, based ‘onthe carbon: 12 scale (Harrison 1965), The gas constant or dry ai, based on the earbon-12 scale, is R= 8314.41/28.9645 = 287.055 J/(kg-K) ao ‘Moist airs a binary (or two-component) mixture of dy ait and water vapor. The amount of water vapor in moist air varies from 2zer0 (dey ait) o a maximum that depends on temperature and pres: sure. The later condition refers to saturation, a state of neutral ‘equilbzium between moist air andthe condensed water phase (iq uid or solid). Unless otherwise stated, saturation refers toa lat inter Tice surface between the moist ait and the condensed phase. The felative molecular mass of water is 18.01528 on the carbon-12 scale The gas constant for water vapor is: ‘The preparation ofthis chaper is assigned to TC LI, Thermodynamics and Psychos. UNITED STATES STANDARD ‘ATMOSPHERE, ‘The temperature and barometric pressure of atmospheric air vary considerably with alitude as well a with local geographic and ‘weather conditions. The standard atmosphere gives a standard of reference for estimating properties at various altitudes. Atsea level, Standard temperature is 15°C; standud barometric pressure is 101.325 kPa. The temperature is assumed to decrease linearly with easing altitude throughout the troposphere (lower atmosphere), and lo be constant in the lower reaches of the stratosphere. The Tower atmosphere is assumed to consist of dry air that behaves as a perfect gas. Gravity i also assursed constant atthe standard value, 9.806 65 mis, Table 1 summarizes property data for altitudes 10 10 000m, ‘The values in Table 1 may be calculated from the equation p = 101325(1-2.28877« 102)” 8 Table 1 Standard Atmospheric Data for Altitudes to 10.000 m Tidiudeym ‘Temperature, "© Pressure Pa 10000 -s0 26496 12000 3 928 14000 16 13786 18000 02 6555 Daag Gams NASA TT) 62 “The equation for temperature as a function of altitude is piven as 5 — 0.00652 4 where = attiade,m p= barometric presare, kPa cmperatse. K Equations (3) and (4) ate accurate from ~$000 mo 11000 m, For higher altitudes, comprehensive tables of barometric pressure and ‘ther physical properties ofthe standard atmosphere an be found in NASA (1976 U.S. Standard atmosphere). ‘THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF MOIST AIR ‘Table 2, developed from formulas by Hyland and Wexler (1983a, 1983), shows values of thermodynamic properties based on the thermodynamic temperature scale. This ideal scale dfters slightly from practical temperature scales used for physical measurements, For example, the standard boiling point for water (at 101.325 kPa) occurs at 99,97°Con this seale eather than a the traditional value of 100°C. Most measurements are curently based onthe International Practical Temperature Scale of 1990 (PTS-90). The following para {graphs briefly describe each column of Table 2. os empeatr, based on thermodynamic temperate le and expressed eave to absolte emperatre in kelvin (K) by the relation: T= commas mit eto a satration, condita at which gaseous phase (isa) exists equiva with condensed phase (gud told) piven tenperstare ad press stands amosperic resue)-At given values of tesperature and pressure, midis ‘ao Wan have ay value fom 20 to W,. pic volume of dy ai mk 7 Yrdiference between vole of nit ara sataration, per [log of ey and pei olume of dry aise, mg of dry ai at same pressure and temperate. ‘oleme o moist at saturation per kilogram of dry ai mk of dry air pic ently of dy ait Kf dey air Specific enthay of dy airhas bees assigned a value of ze at O°C and standard unosperc pressure i Table 2 hh dlerence between ently of mist ial saturation, per ‘logan of ry a and speciicenhalpy of dy ar sell, oF dry ai at sane pressure and eperature thay of moist ir at saruraton of ya Kg ya specific enthalpy of condensed water (quid or solid) in equil- ‘um with satrate ar at specified temperate and presse, ‘ky of water Specitic enthalpy of ligid wate is asigned a ‘ale of zeo ape point (001°C) and saturation ressue. ‘Noe that h, geste than the seam table eatalpy of st rated pre condensed phase by the amount of entalpy inerease governed by the presse ineease from stration pressure tO 101325 kPa. pus intuences from presence of ee pic enapy of dy a Wig. In Table 2, specific entopy tf dy airhas ben astgneda vale of zero at °C and standaré inosphercpressre f,~Sdiferece between entopy of mois ar a saturation, per Logan of dy az and specific eaopy of dy air ise. ‘ig, a same presse and temperature. caszopy of meat a sarurtion pet Kilogram of ya, ike pif entopy pe ilogram of condensed water iid sli) ‘Begullium wih satwated ar kg-K):5 dfs om taitopy of pure water at saturation pretest apor peste of water in saturated ois i, AP, Prestep, {ers negligibly tom stration vapor peste of pure wae Pua least for conditions shown. Consequently, values fp an 1997 ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook (SI) be wed at sme pretue and temperature in equation Whe ug appears Pressure ps dete’ as P= yh, whee ys ole ‘Eaton of wate vapor in moist ar saaated ith We ae perature rand presse and whete pis tal baronet presige Staite ‘THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES ‘OF WATER AT SATURATION ‘Table 3 shows thermodynamic properties of water at saturation for temperatures from ~60 to 200°C; calculated by the formulations described by Hyland and Wexler (19836). Symbols inthe table fl- low standard seam table nomenclature. These properties are based ‘oa the thermodynamic temperature scale. The enthalpy and entropy fof saturated liquid water are both assigned the value zero at the triple point, 001°C. Between the triple-point and critical: point temperatures of water, two states liquid and vapor—may coexist in equilibrium, These states are called sturatedliguid and satu- sated vapor In determining a number of moist air properties, principally the saturation humidity ratio, the water vapor saturation pressure is required. Values may be obtained ftom Table 3 or calculated from ‘the following formulas (Hyland and Wesler 1983) The saturation pressure over ice forthe temperature range of =100 0 0°C is given by Inlbya) = CY THC CTC + GT! eo 6h + cyin7 “5.674 535903 16392 5287 400 = 9671 3 08-08 {6221 S70 1E-07 2078 78258-09 3.484 024 0E-13 4.163 501 9 E400 “The saturation pressure over liquid water forthe temperature range ‘of 0 to 200°C is given by: IPy,) = CY/T# Gy Cg» CP © + Cy? + Chat 5.800220 6 B08 1391 4993 E00 Cig = 4.861023 9-02 41764768 E-05 1445 2093-08 6545967 3 Ev00 In both Equations (5) and 6), aural ogaiti Pn = saturation pressure, Pa ‘T= absolute temperature, K=°C + 273.18, ‘The coeicents of Equations (5) and (6) have been derived from ‘the Hyland-Wexler equations. Due to rounding erors inthe deriva- tions and in some computers’ calculating precision, the results ‘oblained from Equations (5) and (6) may not agree precisely with Table 3 values Psychrometries 63 ‘Table2 Thermodynamic Properties of Moist Air (Standard Atmospheric Pressure, 101.325 kPa) Condensed Water Homiity a ath. atopy, apr ‘emp. Rati, ney athe, toe Enthalpy Entropy, Presta . stg (ay ain seg aya) akg cry ney _Patales Eoiony, Preeu We fee ‘Dinos — San —To00) — oar aor Toor aaa — aoa ro eno sa Sse hs oon Swot Soe Ses Santee an fost cat im Sao fou ces btwn ‘inn tints cas imo ‘iownrs os bins ‘onostt cana 03 Soamm3s0 ete bases inns Tet Siet0 ‘0.0000800 1876 ‘0008 noses chest Divot ‘inom Sins Sisye otter 0900793 “11139-15998 ooiaes oss? Sion} IS oleae anos? Saree “isi Cotes ‘tion Sines =iSo66 Ore bao Samaas “agin oats Siotse Sioned A883 Oet0 Sciton Shee tam oozes cs Last Sioazsaa Tipras ces ea Siete “se bans Sasss “hana Sates See ois Soon Seat “19 Sine “13903 SE “130s Sesb0 Ge Sines “3673 Shagot sie Sihebe <1 biDitst Sian Steam “ie Stee aioe Seas “80 oor Te Tene Ts oite0 ai Sise08 ass 01652 =sn0s1 ast 12978 bonis eo Sheet “aos Sioninte 80 Saat “une Size cas SSR “1368 Din Soa Sake <9 Soest otis Bae cists Sioabeso oan ios “13a Oosaint an SN “Let bons =ti000 Sin} “13h o.osra9 “1000 06 00001 Siosae 20 Eb bso Oita so 134 oe nvsine sine 6st osit tists So 2G oie 006397 oom R012 Foal 52 oO la4 Seats ines tse er 0S tha Goat ois Ola Sinotst Shot tno San Host nize Goch Sow? Sa Ota ooo woe nsiig 0039 23s ome oo? 040m 4211 ons Diner Solis Osise 2071 bao oe bans 1307 ‘Eausplited w epceat netaable oq wi ualerooll gud Min) bas Ooms baw $080 O86 Hohe ous oso 08) Shey 049s 64 ‘Table2 ‘Thermodynamic Properties of Moist Air (Standard Atmosphe 1997 ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook (SI) Pressure, 101.325 kPa) (Continued) Condensed Water Humiity Vapor Enthalpy, Entropy, ‘Temp. Ratio, )Enthalpy Entropy, Pressure, x eg (ary air) sake: Kray any ERley Etro Presse, Ww Be wy Taino Tro —asa86 Dosis —aoaT ans seaR 030K 10a Soi0962 Tso% 32008 os38 ose isa «S307 2zae 1055 Sous Teooe Bea? Doss fost S136 209 Tas boiz Telos 33900 oes? 01% Mase 7843“ 2Kty Doms GozaeHe bits 3101 Ber) zee 9 Toa] O2k) 299 ooisise sane oT! 01346 02057 Reon 02565 2.5089 ois sus ons aus 020s baie) ae Sorrel oar i301 Dons leit to8 3350 280s Bozaaes Ossi fa) dow? G12 aBss9 bass 2982 Soxnrr0 oat ster Sos UNIT ee aan Siws Bonteae Sees Maw Don's isa ae Osei2 3633 Sizaza6 S860 areas Dos? 02166 Gassies owto se bros 02396 oorrse9 ose coun 10s 02482 Soros 8519 m0 oils O28 Santee oss fer Ottss Oke? Boxese 9282 586 O13 oa Bawa oan Er Olas o.ua0 Sost309 03300 805s O16 O36I7 boar ses lina ois oan oom osses neo ois oars bossiis Oona i007 bls oan Beskaes oom ios Olen aoe Sosio1 987 ise Diss O55 Sovsatl O55 ener Diss oan iepase ‘ota tines Disee osa0 Saree 1012 oss Oise dats borisse Tone auoes: Dikoss 01639 Ost ooseese Lows 209 TIS o16e2 07388 bopisie 1052 2290 dame GIT ODI Sonn Toes ila ise O17st Ome Sings oso QsOsl AWTaRE OIsie ODIR2 outseai ino Bom Soar tee Sine Te BuI98 [oan Btseest ies asso Luge oie Tsk Sana (ost orsast Lins 40365 Lae 9890 Stee i936 Bee Seine 13500 anasse 1 Binet 13i09 Sos She Lio Best OtsaKe 12303 Gray alae toe isa Bio 13508 Suir Seis [598s ious Baus Lane Suse Gases as Ban & aise 12956 Sintie S3es71 sap isto be O20) Toe fotos esse iso Piet Bates Titer flea TSt96 aoe base O3e3s1 1398 Nat T3728 alte pant S20ne 1a Isl 308 ie uy 7 o3ie8 vied Hass Bas Hoe O3ae2e 15083 S407 ian was Th 830130 1h oso dota Mowe: 78 ais Teutt 90 628 aan 40209 Ie oa 1.) H0s38 1346 ios Osioes Tet 14347 R10 Bus 058235 1810 1461 200 02587 43800 atans a bas isn Isp 381 Sane nos Bun Stat fi Ise 8 Ooo 55m Same Beet dane aoe O2nl col Sen Sono 233 danse ous? Tivo or Me ‘oieit dase doris oan 7918 en Taso 2ises does 800 O3e3 k7580 ssa fe Leet 30s00 isoast Oost 9507 oss Psychrometries 65 ‘Table 3 ‘Thermodynamic Properties of Water at Saturation ‘Specie Volume, ig Enthalpy Entropy KE) ‘Temp. Absolute Pressure Sal Liquid Evap. Sal Vapor Sal Liquid Evap. Sal. Vapor Sal Liquid Evap. Sal. Vapor Temp, oC kPap yyy ‘icky byeltg he ‘i nln “c “at ago1oF —a0TOsT SoMa) ead 283627 TWORT ——Laase 13.3065 116011 6 “$9 Goons o.got082 Shia detese 299172 “Loe? 1AM? S6TT “59 Se Gott Giooto8s juaias7 Sess esos 299357 “i'bope RLS SIT “Se “s)—thootel — maoios2 —aieos 35 SENS8 deae81 239949 “T6202 eas 7 “56 thootst thootosd S4te9.39 4469.39 “Aa0.69 © 2aa697 307k “Lose? 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DRIRHD 242690 15298 1DITSD OKs 3) GoraRe Ogotogs—Tsisge | Tsise? “uae RtRee GeR7e “USI 12382 Ion Sox WoLgoR OivoLOHS —GI8036 $7303 “SuwOT 2aHRGT IesDHE —“USIasL2uNIw 10387 “37 017% MOOIOSS —OGR IG GHEE IT AU 24 HIRT. 245245 “I 5046 12S 10514 “36 thondos thootoss 1598245982 auego2eak71 ages “aves L972 WDATIS SS Gonos potoks G8 FO) GOED “anase RATS Deis LAST IT 9I99 — 10aKo Tht ods ooIOKS i236 Aasas7 Cag. aS TS Daswor— Taxss—ITNTON 103868 “3 thoa7mlooioss 9971 opm TL © aOR DRIRID 4NDRH LATS LLRDO7. 10ST Te GonoeMooLoRs 36107136107 — “39709 RAAT DeALTD—“LkeSLLTNNG 10037 SS oan OlootoHs — 326820 326820 “39812 BaHRGH Duss) — “Keer 117220102428 30 woo O10 —B9SLSE —DWSLAL —=8325DHIRGG DUS42 — LAs TTS 102222 To thoaai?—ootoss 267205 ders “391 a6 Daas e477 e266 10.1820 Doar Moiese — 242089 242089 aaa 2aaRS9 3449 12 uz) os2t ost Bigoiose 219828 d19828“aa7sTeARSS 248097 Sis 101026 fhosi25 noo1o87 igs2is— “axs'65Zaseae 245282 Ssi9 100884 106329 oo1osT 1e093 “awh 742aRAT 2456.67 4e3 In0D6 ocsor — .on1087 Wewso 38134 Deak se Desas2 tase "9.9862 Bors Gaoiok? 149598 Maso “37989 DatR2e | D488 47 Hate 994K ossio Mooios? 136198 TseL9 “37795 DABRIT. Dee022 © “Lsos IT 3M07 99102 ova7e MooiosT 1240.77 1240.37 “3RHOLBHRROT 246206 U3H28—UN2SSS ORT 010398 noo10s7 1131.27 11312737408 24T9T 24GS91 LATED 1210698356 Girse2 Rootes toa eazik—“37a10 DATA De6S 76 LGG7S IT Hoet TORR 1i92 Moiese — "912 "Gaze “S701 2aSTTE Deg —“LAS96 AT IRIK 9628 013735 o.oto8s Bolis “aegis 2Ra761 246986 “T3818 NUTTY 97A6I isds8 — D.9o1088 mers) “aoo.1)2aa7s7 247130 “Saal LMS 9.6002 ieso totes hos) “aetld bearas desis =0 (dry ai) is the line for 0% rh Specific volume lines are straight but are not precisely parallel to each other ‘A narrow region above the saturation curve has been developed for fog conditions of moist air. This two-phase region zepresents & mechanical mixture of saturated moist ar and liquid water, with the ‘wo components in thermal equilibrium. Isothermal lines inthe fog region coincide with extensions of thermodynamic wet-blb te perature lines. Irrequied, the fog region can be further expanded by extension of humidity rato, enthalpy, and thermodynamic wee-bulb temperature lines “The protractor to the let of the char shows two scales—one for sensible-toal heal ratio, and one forthe ratio of enthalpy difference 1997 ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook (SI) to humidity rato difference. Te protractor is used to establish the digection ofa condition line on the psyehromsetric chat. Example | illustrates use ofthe ASHRAE psychrometric chart to determine moist sie properties, Example 1. Mois sir eniss at 40°C deyulb temperate, 20°C thermody ‘namic wer-bulb temperature and 101825 KPa pressure. Determine the ‘unui aio, enthalpy, dew-poit temperature lative buy. and volute. Solution: Late tate pint on Char Figure 1) athe intersection of 40°C dry:bulh temperate and 20°C thermodynamic wet bul tere fr lines. Read W = 65g moistreag ry a "The enthalpy canbe found by usiag two wiagles wo draw a line pele o the nearest enthalpy line [60 1k (dy ai) through the Sate pont athe nearest edge sale. Read = 56.7 Ke ys) ‘Dew-peattemperatare can be end athe intrestion of W = 65 (moisture vag (Gry a) wit he saturation curve. Thus 1,= 7°. Relative humidity @ canbe estimated dell. Thus, = 14% Specific volume canbe found by linear inepolation between. the Youme ines Tor O80 and 0.90 mi (ey ait). Thus,» = 0896 mg ey ai. ‘TYPICAL AIR-CONDITIONING ‘PROCESSES The ASHRAE psychrometic chart can he used to solve numer- ‘ous process problems with moist aiz Ils use is best explained through illustrative examples. In each of the following examples, the process takes place at & constant pressure of 101.325 kPa Moist Air Heating ‘The process of adding heat alone to moist aris represented by a horizontal line on the ASHRAE ebart, since the humidity ratio remains unchanged, Figure 2 shows a device that ads heat toa steam of moist ai For steady flow conditions, the required rate of heat addition is 1M = my hy) (a2) ‘Example 2 Mois sig, strated a 2°C enters heating soil ata rte of 10 ‘nis Ai leaves th coll a 40°C. Find the requied rate of eat adton. Solution: Figure 3 schematically shows the solution. Stat 1 is located fo the stration curve at 2°C. Thus, = 12.5 Lig (ey a), 14'S mosey ly ain), stv = O78 mgd ai). Ste 3 Tocated atthe intersection of t= 40PC and W and W; ~ 425 g (mn ‘are eg (ry all. Thus, fy = 5-4 Wg (ry ai). The mass low of dy ‘mg = NO/0.8S = 12.74 igi (dry a) Weare eau Fig.2 Schematic of Device for Heating Moist Air Psychrometries Ss Fig.3 Schematic Solution for Example 2 rom Equation (42), my = 1274(S14-128) = 496 kw Moist Air Cooling Moisture separation occurs when moist aris cooled toa termper- tue below ts intial dew point, Figure 4 shows a schematic cooling oil where moist air is assumed to be unilormly processed. “Although water can be separated at various temperatures ranging from the initial dew point to the final saturation temperature, iis assumed that condensed water is cooled tothe Final air temperature {before it drsins from the system, For the system of Figure 4, the steady flow energy and material balance equations are gay = malta 0g + mig mW, = m,Ws +m, Thus my = mW, ~ Wa) 3) 142 = Maly ha) — CW ~ Wada aay Example 8. Moist air at 30°C dry-hulb tempertire and SO rh ener ‘cooling coil Sms andi processed to final stration conto a 10°C. Find the KW of eigertonrquied 6.13 Wes 198 v= 1 WS wre Fig. 5 Schematic Solution for Example 3 Solution: Figure 5 shows the schematic solution. Stat the inesecton of f= 30°C and @ = 50%, Thus hy = 64.2 Kg ry 20, Wy = 133g (moisture (dry ai), and vy = 877 mk ey Sate 2s located om the saturation curve at 10, Ths, hy 29.5 KK (ary ai) and W, = 7.6 gimostare kg (ry ae). From Table 2, hy {2201 Kg (water. The nase flow of ry ai fs ocated at im, = 5/0877 = 5.70 ky (dye) From Equation (4 vay = S70{(643 -295) 97 aw (00133 -0.00766)42.01) AC atic Mi 1g of Two Moist Airstreams ‘A common process in sc-conditioning systems is the adiabatic rnixing of two moist airstream. Figure 6 schematically shows the problem. Adiabatic mixing is governed by three equations: Imgyhy + malty = m,shs 17 mga = mys REFRIGERANT a OX ve aS 7 & rows 3 ! / ‘ Fig.4 Schematic of Device for Cooling Moist Ai Fig.6 Adiabatic Mixing of Two Moist Airstreams 6.14 LINE 3. _ TURES? = +e Tose 3S ig.7_ Schematic Solution for Example 4 Eliminating mas gives at as) according to which, on the ASHRAE char, the state point ofthe ‘resulting mixture les on the staight line connecting the state points of the two steams being mixed, and divides the line into two seg. rents, in the same ratio asthe masses of dy air inthe two streams. Example 4 A stransof2 ms of outdoor ir st 4°Cdey-all temperate ‘nd 2°C themodyaanic wet-bul temperature i aiabaelly mixed with 625 mls of recealted ai a 26°C dy-hulb temperate tnd Sor 2h. Find the dy-bal tenperstre and themodynamic wet bulb temperate of he ering mixture, Solution: Figure 7 shows the schematic soluton, Slates 1 and 2 are Tocated on the ASHRAE chart reveling that = 0.789 mVkg (Gry Ai) a = OBS8 mg (ey ai). Therefore: gy = 2/0989 = 2.535 kp ey mag = 628/0888 = 7.286 kai dy a) According to Equation (45) Line Consequently, the length of line segment 13 is 0.742 times the length of entre line 2. Using 2 ule, State 35 located and the va vests = 198°C and f= 146°C found Adiabatic Mixing of Water Injected into Moist Air ‘Steam or liquid water can be injected into a mois airstream to raise its hamidity, Figure 8 represents a diagram ofthis common ait- conditioning process. Ifthe mixing is adiabatic, the folowing equa: tions apply ngs +My = Maly mW, +m, = mW 1997 ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook (SI) Fig. 8 Schematic 8 1owing Injection of Water into Moist Air Wea Oe PARALLEL [ye wets ee ane Fig.9 Schematic Solution for Example $ according to which, on the ASHRAE char, the final state point of ‘the moist air lies on a straight line whose direction is fixed by the specific enthalpy of the injected water, drawn through the intial slate point ofthe moist az, Example 5. Mois sit a 20°F dry bulb and 8°C thermodynamic we ball tenperatr iso he processed oa final dew-poin temperature of 13°C by adiabatic injection of saturated steam at 10°C. The rate of dy ai low 2 kl Fed the final dry bulb temperature of the moist ai and the ate of steam low, Solation: Figure 9 shows the schematic solution. By Table 3, the tentalpy ofthe seam hy = 2691 KUkg (water). Therefore, sording 0 Equation (46), the condition lie ob the ASHRAE chat connecting ‘States [and mst have a diection AN/AW = 2.691 isle (water) “The condition line can be drawn with the ANIAW protector. Fis, cesablish the reterence line onthe protractor by connewing the eign with the vale AAW = 2.691, raw secon in parallel othe rele. ‘nce line and through the inital state point of the mos sit. Thi second Tne i the condition line. Sate 2 i established at he intersection of the condition line with the horizontal Tine extended from the station ure a 13°C y= 15°C) Thy f= 202°C Wales of Wend W, canbe rea rom the chat, The required stam fos (Ws Wy) = 2 1000(0.0085 0.0018) = 182 psiseam) Psychrometries 7 mf} —_______ 4 4 pice ' a 2 ie Tow * Loeghad Fig. 10. Schematic of Air Conditioned Space Space Heat Absorption and Moist Air Moisture Gains "The problem of airconditioning space is usually determined by (1) the quantity of moist air to be supplied, and 2) the air condition recessary to remove given amounts of energy and water from the space and be withdrawn a «specified condition Figure 10 schematically shows a space with incident rates of energy and moistue gains, The quantity 4, denotes the net sum of all rates of heat gain inthe space, arising trom wansfers through boundaries and ftom sources within the space. This heat gain involves addition of energy alone and does not include energy con- ‘ebutions due to addition of water (or water vapor). Tis usually called the sensible heat gain. The quantity Em, denotes the net sur ofall rates of moisture gain on the space afising from transfers ‘rough boundaries and from sources within the space. Each kilo- gram of moisture injected into the space adds an amount of energy ‘equal ois specific enthalpy. ‘Assuming steady-state conditions, governing equations are: mh, #45 * Ly) = Mal mW, +Smy = mW = my 4, Lom) hy) an Ly = (Wy) 8) The left side of Equation (47) represents the total rate of energy audition tothe space from all soures, By Equations (47) and (48) Gt Lermvy) um according to which, on the ASHRAE chart and for 8 given state of| the withdrawn ar al possible states (condition) forthe supply air ‘must lie ona straight line drawn theough the state point of the with drawn air, that has a direction specified by the numerical value of Ua, + Bim, h,)} my. This line isthe condition line for te given problem. 9) Example 6, Moist iris withdraw from a oom a 25°C dy-bulb temper Ture and 19°C thermodynamic wet bulb terperatue, The sensible rae fo heat gain for the space is 9AKW. A rate of moistee gain of 6.15 a % 4 > A a, | See eS

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