Q.

1
For each of the following systems use a quadratic Lyapunov function candidate to show that the origin is
asymptotically stable.
A.
x 1 = x2 x1 (1 x21 x22 ), x 2 = x1 x2 (1 x21 x22 ).
[V :=1/2(x21 + x22 )]
B.
x 1 = x1 x2 , x2 = 2x1 x32 .
[V :=x21 + (1/2)x22 ]
Q.2
Determine the equilibrium of the following systems and analyse the stability of the equilibrium by using
Lyapunov theory.
A.
x 1 = x2 , x 2 = tanh(x1 + x2 ).
[V := log cosh(x1 + x2 ) + (1/2)x22 ]
B.
x 1 = x2 , x 2 = tanh x1 + tanh x2 .
[V := log cosh(x1 ) + (1/2)x22 ]
Q.3
Consider the pendulum equation with friction
x 1 = x2 , x 2 = a sin x1 bx2 .
[V :=a(1 cos x1 ) + 0.5x22 ]
Study the stability of the equilibrium point at the origin.
Q.4
Consider the following non-linear system :
x 1 = x2 + ax1 x22 , x 2 = x1 bx21 x2 .
[V :=1/2(x21 + x22 )]
with a 6= b. Investigate the stability of the equilibrium of the system.