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Obesity - Practical Suggestions For Weight Reduction
Obesity - Practical Suggestions For Weight Reduction
OBESITY
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OBESITY
Know Your Ideal Body Weight
Ideal Body Weight (IBW) = Height in cm 100
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Overweight Present Body Weight > 10-20% IBW
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Obese - Present Body Weight > 20% IBW
Causes
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Energy Dense Foods
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Lack of Exercise
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Genetic Predisposition
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Certain medications
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Medical Problems
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Lack of sleep
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Slow metabolism
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Psychological stress
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Unhealthy eating habits, like Skipping breakfast,
Nibbling, Excessive consumption of junk food, Distress
eating
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Social pressure to eat
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Holidays & Special Events
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Marketing/Advertisements
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Paired eating activities
Health Risks
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High Blood Pressure
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Diabetes
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Gall Bladder Disease
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Certain Cancer
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High Cholesterol Levels
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Cardio Vascular Diseases
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Joint Problems
Self Control
Weight
Management
Physical Activity
Dietary Modification
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Dietary Modification
To begin with, it is imperative to go on a monitored weight
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loss program, which puts you on a good, nutritious,
weight loss diet. No crash diets.
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Identify and avoid food triggers.
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Keep a watch on portion size.
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Eat a minimum of 500gms of fresh vegetables (less of root
vegetables) in the form of soups (no butter, corn flour, white
sauce), salads (without dressing), boiled and cooked in
minimum oil.
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High fiber foods like whole-wheat flour, bajra, jowar, millets,
oatmeal should be preferred to make your chapatis. Food
products made from maida (refined flour) like breads,
pastries, bhaturas, rumali rotis, naans, etc to be restricted.
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Pulses in the form of dals, whole pulses, usals, and sprouts
salads should be incorporated in the diet.
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Fruits like apple, orange, watermelon, papaya pomegranate,
peach, pineapple, pear, etc can be safely eaten as snacks.
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Always use skimmed milk. Remove the fat by refrigerating
the milk for 6-8 hours.
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Nutritious low calorie drinks like tomato juice, cucumber
juice,coconut water, lime juice, thin buttermilk, dudhi soup
can also be taken in between meals.
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Cut off sugar from your diet; avoid soft drinks, chocolates,
sweets, jams, ice creams, canned juice, mithai, cakes and
pastries.
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Take the help of visual tool (weighing machine) and
motivation techniques.
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Increase your physical activity to about 45-60 minutes in a
day. Exercise is excellent to burn calories and improve both
mental and physical health.
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Anticipate plateaus. They are common to all. They occur due
to accumulation of water as fat is used up. Increase exercise
in this period to restart weight loss.
DIABETES MELLITUS
DIABETES MELLITUS
Diabetes Mellitus is a condition where the amount of blood
glucose is too high because the body cannot use it properly.
Contributing Causes
Non-Modifiable:
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Heredity
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Age
Modifiable:
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Obesity
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Poor diet
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Sedentary lifestyle coupled with lack of physical
activity.
Symptoms
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Frequent urination
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Excessive thirst
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Unexplained weight loss
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Extreme hunger
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Blurry vision
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Tingling/ numbness in hands/ feet
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Feeling tired much of the time
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Dry skin
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Sores that are slow to heal
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Complications
Normal
Venous
Plasma
(mg/dl)
Fasting 2Hour
<110
<140
Impaired
Fasting
Glycaemia
(IFG)
Fasting 2Hour
= 110
<140
&
<126
Impaired
Glucose
Tolerance
(IGT)
Fasting 2Hour
<126
= 140
Diabetes
Mellitus
(DM)
Fasting 2Hour
= 126
= 200
Prediabetes
Prediabetes is the state in which some but not all of the
diagnostic criteria for diabetes are met.
Impaired fasting glycaemia or impaired fasting glucose
(IFG) refers to a condition in which the fasting blood glucose
is elevated above what is considered normal
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Diet Guidelines:
No fasting, no feasting.
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Take small frequent meals/snacks at regular intervals and
dine on time. Eat slowly
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Watch out for words like JUMBO, GIANT, DELUXE or SUPERSIZED. Larger portions mean more calories, more fat,
cholesterol and salt. Prefer regular/medium instead.
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Replace fried foods with grilled, roasted, steamed or baked
items.
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Avoid smoking and consumption of alcoholic drinks.
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Opt for fruits and salads as healthy snacks instead of
munching on to something which in the long run could harm
you like fried and bakery products.
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Limit the frequency of eating out. Always choose healthy
options.
Exercise tips:
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Consult your doctor before starting any exercise
program.
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Wear shoes that fit well and protect your feet.
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Start gradually to avoid stiff or sore muscles and joints.
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The type of exercise should be individualized for every
person.
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It may include
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Aerobic exercise 30 to 45 mins a day, atleast 5 days
a week
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Flexibility exercise 30 mins a day, 5 days a week
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Walk instead of drive whenever possible.
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Take the stairs instead of the elevator
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Test your blood glucose before and after exercise.
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Always carry a carbohydrate snack with you in case of
hypoglycemia.
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Foot care:
Wash your feet daily with lukewarm water and soap.
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Dry your feet well, especially between the toes.
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Check your feet for blisters, cut sores, swelling and
infected toenails.
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Trim the toe nails straight across and smoothen them.
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Never walk barefoot indoors or outdoors. Examine your
shoes everyday for crack, pebbles, nails or anything that
could hurt your feet.
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Hypertension
Hypertension is defined as persistently high pressure in blood
vessels, wherein the systolic pressure is >120 mmHg and the
diastolic pressure is> 80 mmHg.
It is also called as a silent killer because people with
hypertension generally remain asymptomatic for years and
then have fatal stroke or heart attack. It is a lifestyle disorder.
Causes:
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Hereditary
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Stress
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Obesity
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Smoking
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Cardio vascular diseases
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Renal diseases
SYMPTOMS:
Usually it is asymptomatic.
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Headache
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Dizziness
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Impaired vision
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Failing memory
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Shortness of breath
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Pain over the heart
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Gastrointestinal disturbances
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Unexplained tiredness
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ADVERSE PROGNOSIS:
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Cardiac enlargement
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Ischemia (inadequate flow of blood)
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Left ventricular hypertrophy (thickening of muscle of heart)
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Left ventricular malfunction
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Myocardial Infarction (heart attack)
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Congestive heart failure (heart's pumping function is altered)
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Hemorrhages
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Impaired renal function
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Stroke (disturbance in the blood supply to the brain)
Recommendations:
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Weight reduction: It is very necessary to manage weight
and Body Mass Index. The BMI should be in range of 1823
2
kg/mt .
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Physical Activity: Aerobic exercises and brisk walking help
to reduce blood pressure.
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Stress Management: It can be done by mediation, yoga,
some change in regular activities and pursuing some
hobbies.
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Alcohol and Smoking: These can lead to cardio vascular
diseases.
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Low fat diet is advised as the patient is susceptible to cardio
vascular diseases.
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Diet should include adequate amounts of potassium, calcium,
magnesium, vitamin D and K.
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Limit caffeine containing to 1 cup per day.
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Restrict alcohol beverages.
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Include DASH diet ie low in fats and cholesterol and rich in
vegetables, fruits and low-fat dairy products.
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Avoid pickles, preserved foods, papads, canned foods,
Chinese foods, frozen foods, salty foods, ketchups.
Cardiovascular Diseases
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Angina(chest pain)
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The more risk factors you have, the more likely you are to
develop heart disease. Some risk factors can be changed,
treated, or modified, and some cannot. But by controlling as
many risk factors as possible, through lifestyle changes
and/or medicines, you can reduce your risk of heart disease.
Major Symptoms:
Breathlessness
Palpitations
Chest pain
Syncope(sudden blackout)
Diagnostic Investigations
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Stress Testing
Echocardiography
Doppler Study
Coronary Angiogram
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Target Goals
FACTOR
Total Cholesterol
LDL (Bad)Cholesterol
HDL (Good)Cholesterol
Triglycerides
Blood Pressure
Fasting Glucose
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Waist Circumference
Exercise
GOAL
<200 mg/dL
<100 mg/dL
>50 mg/dL
<150 mg/dL
<120/80 mmHg
<100 mg/dL
<25 kg/dL
<35 Inches
Minimum of 30 minutes all
days.
Choose lean chicken and fish over mutton and red meat.
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Physical Activity
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Benefits
1. Aerobic or
cardiovascular
exercises.
a) Increases stamina.
b) Helps to decrease
body fat .
c) Improves
cardiovascular
function &
reduces blood
pressure by
increasing blood
flow to the
muscles.
d) Improves blood
sugar control by
increasing the
sensitivity of the
body to insulin.
Examples
Walking , jogging,
bicycling, climbing
stairs, dancing,
swimming, tennis, zumba,
kick boxing,
Spinning.
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2) Strength or weight
training
a) Helps to increase
your metabolism so
that you burn more
calories.
b) Helps to make
bones stronger
c) Improves balance
d) Increases muscle
strength
Lowers the risk of
fractures and
lessens arthritis
pain.
3) Stretching or
flexibility
a) Helps to ease
movement.
b) Improve flexibility
c) Prevents muscle
sprain and injury.
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Always keep yourself motivating by:Setting Small, Realistic and Achievable goals it might be
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Buying a new dress for the next birthday, a size smaller. Let
the thought of fitting in to it motivate you.