2015-16

.
.

http://vmarousis.blogspot.gr

2015-16

http://vmarousis.blogspot.com

&

x = A t
= max t

(...)

max = A
max = 2

... a = a maxt
( )

= 2 x

x = A (t + )

... = max (t + )
( )

max=A

a = amax (t + )

max =2

= x

...
( )

F = Dx

D = m 2 x =

F = Fa = F

...

T = 2

,
...

U=

m
D

D
m

1 2
Dx
2

1
K = m 2
2
1
1 2
E = DA2 = U max = mmax
= Kmax
2
2

http://vmarousis.blogspot.com

U=

1
DA 2 2t
2

U = E 2t

K=

1
DA 2 2t
2

K = E 2t

( 0 )

1
K = E Dx2
2

1
U = E m 2
2

+ U = E = DA2 =

1 + U1 = K2 +U2

= 2 x 2

a = m2 2

dK = dWF = F dx = F
dt
dt
dt
dU = dK
dt
dt
dx =
dt

d =
dt

dp = F
dt

% = 100%

http://vmarousis.blogspot.com

F =k

Hook

=
=
U = 1 k 2
2

U
W
= U
F

W = U U
W

U = mgh

U

W
= U

F
Fa

,
W F ,

= K K

(m=0)
.

,
,
, ,
(
) ,
(..
,
).

http://vmarousis.blogspot.com

http://vmarousis.blogspot.com

p: 1Pa =1 /m2

p=

dF
dA

p = gh

p = p + gh

F
F
1= 2
A
A
1
2

: 1 m3/s

V
=
t
m1
1 t
m2
t 2.
m1 = m2
=

. :

( )

1 2
1
1 +gh1 + P1 = 22 +gh2 + P2
2
2
1 2
+gh + =
2

Bernoulli

Torricelli

= 2gh

( )

Ventouri
( )

: 1 s/m2 S.I.
: 1 oise ()=1 dyns/cm2

()

F = nA

http://vmarousis.blogspot.com

F ' = b

F = ma F + F = ma

b Dx = ma

A= A0 e-t

t = nT
:

Ao A1 A2
A
A
=
=
= ....... = n 1 = n = .... = .
A1 A2 A3
An
An +1

E=

2
2
1
1
1
DA2 = D ( A0 et ) = DA02 ( et ) E = E e2t
0
2
2
2

A = A0 et

t 1
t 1
t 1
A0
1
= A0 e 2 = e 2 e 2 = 2 t 1 = ln 2
2
2
2

t 1 = n 2

(). f
fo .
f=f

=f

fo

f0 =

1 D
2 m

http://vmarousis.blogspot.com

: x = x1+x2

x1 = A1t & x2 = A2 (t + )
...
,
A = A12 + A22 + 2 A1 A2

A 2
=
1 + 2
.

: x = A (t+)

...
,

x1 = A1t

&

x2 = A2 t

1 2
+ 2
t)( 1
t)
2
2
1 2
x = A' t

x = 2A(

f = f1 f 2

()
1 2

:

1 + 2
2

2 f =

T =

1
f

2 f1 + 2 f 2
2

T =

f =

f1 + f 2
2

2
f1 + f 2

http://vmarousis.blogspot.com

(
0)

x
t = f
y = At

t x

y = A 2
T

t x
y = A 2 +

T
t x
= 2 -
= - y
T
2

t x
= -2 2 -
T

t x
= 2
-
T

( y = A (t + 0 ) )

t x

y = A 2 - +
T

x,
t:
x
= 2

( t=t1)

= -2 y

t
t
= t
= 2
T

y= A2 -

y
t1

x
x1 = t1
( x1 = 12/4 = 3)

http://vmarousis.blogspot.com

:
r1

r
t 1 t < t 2 = 2

0 t < t 1 =

r1

y = y1+y2

y = 0

t r
y = A2 - 1
T
r -r
t r + r2
t t 2 y = 2A2 1 2 2 - 1

2
2
T

r2

...

:
t r + r2
= 2 - 1

2
T

r1 -r2
t r +r
2
y = 2A2
2 - 1
T
2
2

r +r

y = 2 t - 1 2
2
T
r -r
A' = 2A2 1 2 | A ' |
2

r1

r
t1 t < t2 = 2

0 t < t1 =

=0

=0

t r
= 2 - 1
T
t r +r
t t2

= '2 - 1 2

2
T
t r +r
= - 2 y = - 2 ' 2 - 1 2
2
T

r1 r2 = N
r1 r2 = ( 2 N + 1)

N = 0,1,2,....

N = 0,1,2,....

http://vmarousis.blogspot.com

-2

-1

r2

r1

-3

-2

-1

- - - - -

12 ,
.

y = y1+y2

x
t
y = 2 A 2 2

= '

2t
T

= - 2 '

A' = 2

x=K

= 0,1,2,..

x = ( 2 K + 1)

2t
T

= 0,1,2,..

: = 0

: = rad

10

http://vmarousis.blogspot.com

:
1. : : =

ds
(1).
dt

2. :
: =

d
(2).
dt

3. :
: =

2
= 2r (3).
r

:
1. : : =
2.

d
(4).
dt

d
=
(5).
dt

1
2

R
2
1

d
t+dt

ds
1

d
dt
ds
=
dt

= ds = d ( R) = R d = R

dt

dt

11

dt

d
dt

http://vmarousis.blogspot.com

= 2 + 2
2
= = 2 R

d
dt

a = d = d ( R) = d R = a R
dt
dt
dt


= 0 , = , = t

= , = t ,

1

= t a t 2
2
cm = = R , acm = a = a R


= Fl

= Fd

F = 0

x
= 0
F = 0
y

: = 0

I = m1r12 + m2 r22 + ....

Steiner

I p = I cm + Md 2
= Ia

L = pr L = mr

L = I

L = L1 + L2 + L3 + ...

12

http://vmarousis.blogspot.com

( )

....

=
=

= 0

dL
dt

dL
dt
L =

L = L

I11 = I 22

1
K = I 2
2
1
1
2
K = Mcm
+ I 2
2
2

dW = d
W =
P =
1 2
1 2
W = I
I
2
2

13

http://vmarousis.blogspot.com

xcm

cm =

dxcm
dt

acm =

dcm
dt

cm = 0, cm = ,

=
a =

ds
dt

d
dt

d
dt

a =

d
dt

= 0 , =

= 0 , =

= 2/r = 2r

x cm = cm t

s = t

cm =
cm = 0 cm t

xcm = 0t 21 acmt 2

= t

=
= 0 t

=
= 0 t

s = 0t 21 a t 2

= 0t 21 a t 2

cm = S = R
cm = = R
cm = = R

F
m
F = 0 = 0 =
F = mcm
P = m

= 0 = 0 =
()
= ( )
L = I

dp
= F
dt

dL
=
dt

F = 0 p =
F =

= 0 L =

WF = Fx

= WF =

dW
F = P =
F
dt
K = 21 2
1 2
1 2
2 - 2 = W

dWF
= PF = F
dt

2
K = 21 mcm

1 m 2 - 1 m2 = W
2

F
2

2 + 1 I2 ) - ( 1 m2 + 1 I 2 ) = W + W
( 21 m
2

2
2
F

14

http://vmarousis.blogspot.com

= 0 dp = 0 p =

dt

(+)
m2

m1

m1

m2

'1 =

m1 - m2
2m2
1 +
(1)
m1 + m2
m1 + m2 2

2m1
m -m
'2 =
1 + 2 1 2 (2)
m1 +m2
m1 +m2
(1) 1 = 2 (2) 2 = 1
.

m1 = m2 :

2 = 0

'1 =

m1 - m2

m1 + m2 1

(3)

2m1
'2 =

m1 +m2 1

(4)

(3) 1= - 1 (4) 2 = 0

m2 >> m1

(3) 1 = 1 (4) 2 = 21

m1 >> m2

(1), (2), (3) (4)

( ).

(+)
m1

m2

m1+m2

= Q = () ()

%=

15

()

100%

1.

2.

3.

4.

http://vmarousis.blogspot.com

Doppler ( )

, = +
=
+

f A=
fS

, = -
=

f A=
fS

= - ST

fA=
f

S S

= + ST

f A=
f

+S S

5.

+
f
A
S
S

= ( ) = +
,

,
=

f
f

16

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6.

f
A + S
S

= =
,

,
=

f
f

7.

+
f
A +
S
S

= ( ) = +
,

,
=

f
f

8.

f
A
S
S

= =
,

,
=

f
f

f =
f
A S S

+ A
A
S
+ S

17