‘What type of population in the world is growing most, rapidly currently? A) Urban in less developed countries B) Rural in developed countries C) Urban in developed countries D) Rural in less developed countries E) Suburban in all types of countries Ifa population of 500 has an intrinsic growth rate of 5% ayear and its environment has a carrying capacity of 3,000, what is the least amount of years it take for the population to reach its carrying capacity? A2 B39 O4 D 50 £60 ‘The Earth's exponential increase in human population, during the last century has been largely influenced by A) a decrease in wars B) the Green Revolution C) the Industrial Revolution D) increase in birth control E) increased immigration and emigration A large city has a population of 50 million people. The population is increasing at arate of 1.9 percent ayear If this rate remains constant, what will the population be in 25 years? A) 50 million ©) 70 million E) 90 million ‘The population of Japan is steadily declining. Which of the following is not a reason for such a decline? (A) AIDS B) Family planning C) High education costs D) Late marriages E) High land prices In general, the total fertility rate B) 60 million D) 80 million 1 is inversely proportional to per capita income IL is an inaccurate measure of population growth IIL is about 2 in the United States A) Tonly B) Ionly ©) only D) Tand I only E) I and III only 7. The greatest population stability has been achieved in A) North America —_B) India ©) China D) Northem Aftica E) South America 8. The world population is 1 increasing only in developing nations I at carrying capacity IIL closer to 6.3 billion than 5 million A) Tonly B) Il only C) Tand Il only D) Tand II only E) | Wand It 9. What is the net annual percentage growth rate of a city with population 100,000 that experiences 200 births, 50 deaths, 50 emigrants, and 20 immigrants in the duration of a year? A) 0.12% B) 0.13% ©) 10% D) 1.2% E) 18% 10. A country is going through the demographic transition As the country enters negative growth rate, which of the following generally stops changing? A) Fertility rate B) Population under age C) Average family size D) Birth rate E) Death rate 11. A country’s fertility rate is NOT decreased by A) decreased importance of children in labor force B) urbanization C) higher educational opportunities for women D) reduced cost of raising children E) lower marriage age 12, Which of the following is not a method of reducing population growth within a country? ‘A) Offer incentives to smaller families B) Increase education funding which increases likelihood of two income homes. C) Provide family planning services D) Decreasing the cost of land. E) Increase health care availability, so likelihood some children within a family surviveBase your answers to questions 13 and 14 on the age structures below, which are expressed as percentage of population for countries A, B, and C Figure 6 Population Pyramids: Country A - Country B Country Year of bith Batre 1919 "020-1004 ye2b-t000 4a00-1934 {25-1630 o10-t044 {045-104 {o00- 1054 {055-1050 jo00- 1084 ye6e-t080 Male Female Male Female Male Female 3980-1984 1985-1989 3900-1904 1995-1909 1086420246810 1986420246810 W86420246 810 Percent of population Percent of population Peccort of pooulation 13, Approximately what percent of the population in country C is below the age of 20? A Bs © 16 D) 32 E) 50 14, Which of the countries is undergoing rapid growth. A) Aonly B) Bonly C) Conly D) BandConly E) AB, andCBase your answers to questions 15 and 16 on the graph below, which shows different stages related to the birth, and death rates of human populations over time The Classic Stages of Demographic Transition Birth/doath rates 15, Which of the following best explains the high birth rate in stage 2 in contrast to the rapidly declining death rate? A) The average age of marriage increasing B) Nations becoming more developed and industrialized C) Increases in many areas including and medical innovations D) Hard to change social values that place value on having many children E) Increase in educational and employment opportunities for women ological 16. The rate of population growth begins to increase at which point? A) The end of stage 1 B) The beginning of stage 2 C) Then end of stage 2 D) The middle of stage 3 E) The middle of stage 4 17 Figure ¢ Fertility Levels in Major World Regions, 1950 and 2003 (Chidren per women er 1080-55 59 59 a s2 35 ne 27 27 20 1a ‘Area Aaa ain aera Noty — Euope| ecaroeet arerea Senuces UN Fopltion Devin, Hd Pylon Ports The 300 Reo 2008, {nd 2) Hae Ppt St Which is a valid statement about the above trend in festility? 1. A change in the average age of marriage has led to this trend. UL Low infant mortality rate is a result of this trend IIL, Urbanization has led to this trend. A) Tonly B) Ionly C) Land only D) Tand III only E) 1,11, and Ill18, The graph below represents the population of a city in which country? A) Uganda, a less-developed country B) United States, a highly-developed country C) Canada, aless-developed country D) Australia, aless-develope E) India ahighly-developed 19. K selected species A) perform best in unstable environmental conditions B) thrive in competition C) spend lots of energy in reproduction D) have constant loss survivorship curves E) increase most rapidly when far away from the carrying capacity 20. Most r-selected species go through A) cyclic or irregular population changes B) stable or cyclic population changes C) stable or irregular population changes D) isruptive or stable population changes E) isregular or irruptive population changes 21, An example of ar-selected species would be A) humans B) cats C) rodents D) eagles E) sharks 22. Which of the following would not be considered a density independent control on population? A) Pesticide spraying B) Infectious disease C) Drought D) Floods E) Fire 23. Clumping pattems occur with vegetation primarily because A) resources are naturally found in pockets B) they arise naturally from shading and resource competition C) seeds are randomly distributed D) plants secrete antagonistic varietal chemicals E) such pattems arise from chance 24. The biotic potential of most sp A) S shaped curve B) Jshaped curve C) Lshaped curve) straight line E) bell shaped curve s usually resembles aBase your answers to questions 25 through 28 on the images below. 1 0 LO | I Vv 25, The survivorship curve of most animals in the Antarctic terrestrial biome is represented by A) Ionly B) Ionly C) IMonly D) IVonly E) Mand IV only 26. Most species on Earth have survivorship curves similar to A) Ionly B) Ionly C) I only D) IVonly E) Mand IV only 27. The survivorship curve of an r-strategist could be represented by A) Ionly B) Il only C) IVonly D) IandIonly —E) I and II only 28. The survivorship of a K-strategist could be represented by A) Ionly B) Il only C) IVonly D) IandIonly —E) I and II only 29. The greatest population density is found in 32. By 2100, the population of Japan is expected A) The Netherlands A) toremain the same B) tohalve B) South Korea C) to double D) to triple C) the United Kingdom E) to quadruple D) China 33. Sexual reproduction E) Bangladesh 30. In general, opportunist species Us practiced by almost all the organisms on the e A) are found in specialist niches IL Provides greater genetic diversity in offspring B) are late successional species IIL. Allows males to gather food and the female to C) are of later reproductive age protect the young D) care little for their many offspring A) Tonly B) Mand Ill only E) are larger adults with a higher ability to compete ©) Land I only D) Tand Il only 31, Density-independent population controls include all of F) I, Mand II the following EXCEPT A) floods B) pesticide spraying C) parasitism D) fire E) habitat destruction34 35 36 38 ‘A species of animals that occasionally explodes in population and then consequently crashes to alower level has what type of population fluctuation? A) Stable B) Cyclic C) Eruptive D) Irruptive E) lnegular Carrying capacity is determined by A) competition C) immigration E) all of the above ‘Which of the following is TRUE about canying capacity and biotic potential? B) catastrophic events D) none of the above A) A hypothetical population with a low intrinsic rate of increase and negligible environmental resistance would have no carrying capacity. B) Populations with huge biotic potential tend to reproduce later on in life. C) Only the environmental resistance determines the carrying capacity of a population. D) There are some populations that have no limits to population growth in nature E) Ifa population declines below a minimum viable population it's intrinsic rate of increase most likely will double to recover. A) "8" shape B) "I" shape C) elliptical shape -D) parabolic shape E) "K" shape For the following question, refer to the diagram below. Number of individuals Time Which lettered portion of the curve most closely corresponds to the carrying capacity of the ecosystem? AA BB OC DD HE 39 40 41 43 44 45 ‘Which of the following countries had the sharpest, decline in fertility from 1965 to 20007 A) Italy B) US C) Mexico D) China E) India The AIDS epidemic is most urgent in A) Southeast Asia —-B) Latin America C) Sub-Sahara Africa D) Westem Europe E) North America ‘The best measure of a society's quality of lifeis its A) gross national product B) educational standards C) infant mortality rate D) life expectancy E) fertility rates The largest population density can be found in A) Asia B) Europe C) North America) South America E) Australia Large birth rates in Mexico are due primarily to A) religious and cultural values B) the unavailability of bisth control C) lack of education D) unmitigated urbanization E) an unbounded food supply ‘The lowest birth rates are currently to be found in A) China C) Germany E) Sub-Saharan Africa ‘Which of the following have proved effective as methods of controlling a nation's population? B) Latin America D) Eastern Europe A) Legally imposed sterilization B) Child quotas C) Birth control D) Financial incentives E) None of the above46. The Middle East, whose countries have some of the highest population growth rates in the world, has been an area of war and conflict in recent times. Which new issue is likely to overshadow other issues in causing disputes in the future? A) oil supply B) fresh water supply C) religious differences D) ethnic differences E) terrorism 47. Which of the following are migration trends that the US is currently undergoing? 1 A general movement towards the South IL A rapid increase in suburban development and population IIL A rapid growth in central city areas of population and development A) Tonly B) Monly ©) Tand II only D) I and Il only E) Mand Ill only Which of the following countries has the highest fertility rate? A) Japan C) Canada E) China In the long term, stable economic growth encourages A) stable population growth B) unbounded population growth C) population stabilization D) gradual population decline E) varying effects upon population 48. B) Mali D) US 49 50. Currently, countries make up the majority of the world's population. At the end of the twenty-first century, countries are expected to make up the majority of the world’s population A) developed, developed B) developed, developing C) developing; developing D) developing, developed E) population changes are not predictable 51 53 54 58 56 Base your answers to questions 51 through 54 on the following relationships between organisms in an ecosystem (A) Predation (B) Competition © Mutualism (D) Commensalism © Parasitism Exemplified by dlatworm feeding on nutrients in the human digestive system AA BB OC DD HE Exemplified by eagles displacing hawks from nesting sites AA BB D)D EE Exemplified by Z colt living in human intestine AA BB Oc DD HE Exemplified by remoras attaching to sharks and eating the scraps left over by the shark AA BB OC oc DD HE ‘Which of the following are considered beneficial habitat modifications by keystone species? 1 Elephants pushing over trees and creating forest openings in the grasslands of Africa IL Bats depositing seed in their guana over deforested areas IIL Beaver dams changing fast moving streams into apond or lake A) Tonly C) and IM only E) I, Wand 11 B) Land I only D) Land IIT only ‘Which of the following is often an indicator species? A) Bees B) Bacteria C) Tigers D) Shrubs E) Birds57. The ability to survive a changing environment is directly related to which of the following factors? 1 Individual’s reproductive age IL. Species’ reproductive capacity IIL Number of mates A) only C) Ionly E) |, Wand II 58. Parasitism and predation both involve a benefit to one organism with a cost to the other organism, Which of the following is an example of parasitism and predation, respectively? B) Wonly D) and IIT 1 clam attached to the gills of a fish, absorbing nutrients from the fish IL lions prey upon zebras for food IIL two species of honeybees competing for the same hive ALM BLM CMM Dt mn 59, Interspecific competition differs from intrasp competition in that A) interspecific involves competition between different species, while intraspecific involves competition within one species. B) interspecific involves competition within one species, while intraspecific involves competition between different species C) interspecific occurs when indirect effects decrease resources, while intraspecific occurs when direct, effects increase resources D) interspecific occurs when direct effects decrease resources, while intraspecific occurs when indirect effects increase resources E) None of the above are ac urate 60. Most pests are A) K-selected organisms B) equilibrial populations C) long-lived D) r-strategists E) none of the above 61. When introduced into an ecosystem, invasive plant species A) consume competing native species B) displace competing native species C) disrupt the water cycle D) increase carbon dioxide intake E) reduce land fertility 62. Density-dependent effects that limit populations include ccumulation of wastes -ased intraspecies aggression C) extreme environmental conditions D) bothaandb E) abande 63. The number of reproducing females in a population is most directly related to the population's A) carrying capacity _B) fecundity C) growth rate D) survivorship curve E) population size Tae 64, Based on the graph above, which curve represents the survivorship curve for elephants and why? A) A, because elephants produce few young and care for them until they reach reproductive maturity. B) C, because elephants produce few young and care for them until they reach reproductive maturity ecause elephants have a uniform death rate jecause elephants have high juvenile mortality. ause elephants have high juvenile mortality.65. Base your answer to the following question on the diagrambelow of a particular population that changes with time when subjected to limited resources and various extemal stresses, Number of Individuals Time Which lettered portion most likely corresponds to when the reproductive time lag, or the period needed for the bisth rate to fall and the death rate to rise in response to resource over consumption? AA BB OC DD HE 66. Which of the following types of species would be least susceptible to the fragmentation of its habitat due to human influences? A) Generalists C) Large predators E) K-selected species B) Specialists D) Migratory species 67. The above diagram shows a 68. —- P. caudatum Population sive — Time assroom experiment duplicating G, F. Gause's classic laboratory experiment with two similar single-celled Paramecium species Each species is introduced into a single flask with limited nutrients in equal amounts, The population of each species is determined at regular intervals. At which point is death rate exceeding birth rate for P. caudatum? AA BB C)C DD HE Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below. A pair of antelope, A, lives on 1 square mile ofland. A second pair, B, lives on 4 square miles of land, in which 0.25 of the 4 square miles overlaps the territory of the first pair es Both pairs A and B are members of the same species Which of the following explains why area B is larger than area A? A) Pair Bis bigger B) Pair B has less food in its area C) Pair A has fewer offspring D) Pair B has more available resources E) Pair Ais more defensive69. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below predator time (1) ‘What causes the cyclic nature of the predator-prey population size graph? A) Asthe prey population size decreases, less food is available to the predator, causing a subsequent decrease in predator population size. B) As predator population size increases, prey have less available resources and thus decrease in size. C) The environmental conditions cause th changes in population sizes. D) As the prey population size decreases, more food is available to the predator, causing an increase in predator population size. E) Seasonal cues trigger the cyclic nature of predator-prey relationships 70. Base your answer to the following question on the graph below. ms Type I é Fraction of organis! sUrVIVINg Age Based on the graph, oysters would have which survivorship curve, and why? A) Type I because oysters reproduce early in life B) Type Il because oysters have a uniform death rate. C) Type Il because oysters reproduce for most of their lifetime D) Type Ill because oysters reach adulthood very quickly. E) Type III because death occurs in younger rather than older oysters. Base your answers to questions 71 and 72 on the graph, below. 71. Which letter represents a population growing at the greatest rate? AA BB OC DD HE 72. Which letter represents a population growing at a decreasing rate? AA BB OC DD DHEAnswer Key Population al el 4 <| <| el o| fel <4 <|=1 <| arn en aw 2] ol =| <| 9] +] 46. 10. u 47. 48. |+le| 49 50 51 | 9° 53 54 | | | | 18. 55 56 57. 58 << | <| 59 0. |= =| <| 61 5. =| <| 4 <| <| 63 64, 65 | | o| 66 30. 31 3 67. 68. |< =| «| 6 33, || | 70. 1 n 34. 35. 36