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11

10

f e NCJh J EG f dh bG f e fG a NBG MdG eCG

cJ M e e NCJh J EGh ,edGh AfEGh dG g d ,NBG
bG fQe ,SCGdG bGe PCGY dG Jh bGeh SGG
BGdG dG HJEG Nh ,G cJ Hh S e G cGe
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G Qd J CG q dGh BGdG dG RYEd dG dG jh

hJ bh dG BGdG dGh dG jBG dG RYEG Ve
Ve dG GVQ M /QcdGh dG OU /QcdG PSCG e c
CG Z ,dG Ve IMH -hCG gd - Qd Mj z dGh dG {
f cJ MGh Ve RYEG Y Md hOG VdG Gg jdG
cP a J dG fBGdG jBG MdG e c HJ M ,fGh AdG
MdG e g Gg ch ,PCG Y dG cP a J hCG ,dG Y dG
fG hJ MdG MCG CG Z ,jG dG k HQ RYEG Y
J dG SM CG ch ,dG Y dG N J edG jhGR e dG
fh dcG NCj dG dG SM b - G Y k jJh k N - Jh
g Y dG RYEG Lh ch . dP H H eCG EG Qh ,IOdG H e EG
dG Y dG cP H dG BGdG jBG dEG QTCG dG HdG dP
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. a Ie 148 jQJh Jeh dG c a
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QdGh LCGh AdG jDhQ dG c r J H ,ee e J e GQOEGh
dGh dG dG Y GG bH dO fEG PEG ,a dM 88 EG dH
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15

14

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17

16

jBG c dG M b OGjEGh dG dG Gg GP Gk PEG

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dhS e gh dG jBG g dG RYEG d sn Jh HLCG
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c CG dG jB G g MG eh
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Yh hCG gdh GDdG Gg Y HLEG hJ b
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k jJh k Ldja G a ,dG IYh U
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19

18

dG G jdG jG a Jh ,dG M Y gh : ( JQc

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,ddG Y dG M EG d fh b NGdG PCG J GHh
Y e eG dG d G dG XH d IgL UCGh
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fh GUCd dG e Gk Oe j PCG e dG Gg CG iS ch
LQGh SdG fPCG g IQhV jCG hO cGQOE edGEG JGQTEG
OCG e SdG PCGh gdG OCG e LQG PCG QJh ,dG g
dG AZh cShG Hh SdG PCG Yh Y da ,SG
PCH dJG j K ,(20-10) HSCG N LQG dG dGh
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SCG ejh eG dG jGH PCG GU T j c
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dG FG
dGh PCd G QdG -1
PEG ,hCG G IG k jJ eGe bh dGh dG sr M dBG QJ
fe hCG gh ,(Otic Placode) HGdG SCG FGhCG dG dG J
e HGdG SCG hCG (Optic Sulci) dG OhNCG j H ,(5)dG dBG
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: dG dG g e d NGdG PCG QJh

PCG h FdG dG HGdG SCG a

SCG edG hG k fe fh d jh k dW j dG (Cochlea
Gg jh ,Y edG SCG hZ H hG WMEG J K ,edG
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21

20

RG dG GQTEG g e J h .(11) Y e I`G ``MG g

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: jW Y IOY NGdG PCG J GUCG CG f CG G e CG c
dG jdG

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b dG GUCG j CG G CG j dP e . Gk L GUCG S
LQG PCG jW Y hCG G Y jW Y eEG NGdG fPCG EG J

eG SCG H EG Ad SG dG W eJ j a dG eCG
f e d YdG dH dG dG dCG J h (9) jdGh
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23

22
fEG Y fQeh G FdG H Y dG Gd eCG

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RUCH, T. & H.D. PATTON: VIDE SUPRA P.412.

jh ,ehe J CG OJ PEG IOdG Y Gk L V a dG SM eCG

Jh ,Fd Te Gk QU EG ij h ,dG e AdG ddG Y
dG CGj dh ,QG G Y Jh H cJ e j CG hO Y
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25

24

k a ,FG eG J e H SCG jh jh ,jdG

j e
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dH Gk L e bh dG J e jh ,YH TfCGh jBG jh
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dG Y dG dG RG j jdG Hh .(16)dGh dGY
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27

26

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29

28

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31

30

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33

32

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fGa b jDhdG V jh dG Y KDj k Le k HP jdG JQGh
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e j fEa dG Gk ba dj dG eCG ,dGh dG J e j dh
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{ d aGJ - je Y - Gdh ,dHh dG J
q

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35

34

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CG e ZdHh ,IGhdG jW Y bJh QhdG
j dG BGdG CG EG ffhj Gfc MdG sc
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AcdGh IcGdGh G IOjRh dG M Ga

Ja WJQG FXH G jdG G J dG M Ga Y
M Y edG Hb e ja iNCG ZedG WJQG WG e k Xh
Gg - he Z d - dG WG J h ,AcdGh IcGdGh eG
,dG M Gha hdG f a ddh ,dG M Ga Y JQG
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37

36
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bh M jdG gT Gfhj dG CG c
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k dc jW Z Y J dG J e
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HdG e YL c
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Y NDj CG GSGh
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hdGh eG dG

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39

38

IOQGdG eG Ic

dG b dG cP jBG

dG dG ed dH G OJ dG jdG eG Ic EG
eO YCGh cCG geh k cGQOEG dJ fCG k FGO J dEG J dG k f
IcGdG e SQCG dG IcGda ,b Y dG eG dJ fEG
a ,FdG RedG e cCG geh de J JdG RedGh ,jdG
k G
ge ed J je fh H IMGdG dG f CG e
k ee FQd k FGO d G QdG f dG c dh ,
Gk AL EG eG e UJ edG aCG CG Gk L G eh ,Z Gk MGh
. WdG aCG J CG Gk j

jBG J g z dG { c b z dG { cP a OQh dG dG jBG

G jg IQTEG e Cq G dh ,jadG J hCG dH QJ dG
. gQJ hCG Xh Ud hCG

EG e dG j h ,k fb Y HQCG b ahe J dG FG g
dG M CG hj Gfc e AdG e EG M dG Gg e INCG OdG
FG e dG c jG dG SGQdG dh ,dG M e gCG
eb dG dG jBG dG RYEG ALh Vh H J dG UdG
Gdh ,XdGh dG QdGh G SC z dG { Y z dG {

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: FdG dG G Uh . dG M Y dG IdG

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d dG
dG g
d l He dG BGdG jBG dZ dG NCJh dG J CG KEG
k ah AL dG JJ CG CG ,dG G NGO dG cGe NCJh dG cGe
. cGG Jd

fG YJ IgX
Mf e PCGh dGh ,Mf e dGh dG H J fBGdG UdG
? IgdG g S a ,iNCG
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PCGh dG JCJ H ,HdGh dGh dG M e dGh dG JCj -1
. G GKDd bdG AYCG H Gk OGe
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45

44
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: fLhCG e J - G PEH - CGSh

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47

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49

48

G AYCG H JdGh XdG dG IgX Y fLhCG dG Gg H

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? dP S e : GDdG Y
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51

R`````YEG ```Lh

QHEG ce

dG ce

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( dGh dG ) cQG idG Hh ,( PCGh dG ) AYCG H a
n jBa
gh ,G GKDG S M AYCG a dP Hj e G U h
. G GKDG d dGh GQOEG Y a J dG G NGO cGe
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PCG

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( : )

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53

52

UG

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1- Noback, C.R. & R.J. Demarest: The Human Nervous System, P.410-251, 3rd ed.

RYEG Lh

dG G

fBGdG IgdG

HG

dGh d G dG
Sd AYCG e J
dG ceh ( PCGh dG )
ceh ,ZdG dG
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IGOCG H j dG BGdG
Ibh ( PCGh dG ) G
. ( dGh dG ) GQOEG

HG

d GhOCG EG PCGh dG e
jdGhdGGGQTEG
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McGraw Hill Int. Book Co. 1981.

2-andel, E.R. & J.H. Schwartz: Principles of Neural Science, P.264 & 236, Edward
Arnold Ltd., London 1981.
3-Hilali, S.M.: Ph. D. Thesis, Studies in the Central Auditory Pathways, Birmingham Univ., 1954.
4-Hilali, S.M.: Physiology of the Nervous System, Vol. I P. 213, Baghdad, 1972(In
Arabic).
5-Keith L. Moor: The Developing Human, 3rd ed., P. 413, W.B. Saunders Co.
1982.

dGh dG jBG RYEG

dGh dG jBG RYEG

55

54

Publ., 1983.

6-Ruch, T. & H.D. Patton: Physiology and Biophysics, Vol. I, The Brain and Neu-

19-Ruch, T. & H.D. Patton: Vide Supra P.517.

ral Function, P. 412, W.B. Saunders Co. 1979.

20-Hilali, S.M.: Vide Supra P. 256-257.

7-Ruch, T. & H.D. Patton: Vide Supra P. 412-413.

21-Kandel, E. & J.M. Schwartz: Vide Supra P. 267.

8-Pansky, B. & D.J. Allen: Review of Neuroscience, P. 35-41, McMillan Publ.

Co., 1980.
9-Bansky, B. & D.J. Allen: Vide Supra p. 38-41.

dG dG LGe
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10-Keith L. Moore: Vide Supra P. 420.

11-Ruch, T. & H.D. Patton: Vide Supra P.413-417.
12-Noback, C.R. & R.J. Demarest: Vide Supra P. 147.
13-Ruch, T. & H.D. Patton: Vide Supra P.412.
14-Noback, C.R. & R.J. Demarest: Vide Supra P.147.
15-Guyton, A.C.: Textbook of Medical Physiology, 6th ed., P. 688, W.B. Saunders
Co., 1981.
16-Noback, C.R. & R.J. Demarest: Vide Supra P.140.
17-Guyton, A.C.: Vide Supra P.688.
18-W.R. Ganong: Reviewof Medical Physiology, 11th ed., P.507, Lange Med.

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57

56

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31
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32
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35
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37
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dGh dG jBG RYEG

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42
43
43
44
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52
53
53
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