Philosophy Faculty Reading List and Course Outline 2014-2015

PART II PAPER 10:

POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY

SYLLABUS
Distributive justice: commodification; international justice; justice and age groups;
justice and future generations.
Community and culture: political liberalism; communitarianism; multiculturalism;
nationalism.
Feminism: economic justice and gender; the ethics of care; gender and difference;
pornography; rape; masculinity and femininity.
Marxism: historical materialism; ideology; alienation; exploitation and justice.

The fourth broad topic of the course is Marxism. Marx argues that capitalist society, the
framework for most contemporary debates about justice, is itself profoundly limited.
Students may consider Marxs theory of history, according to which capitalism is
self-limiting and will be replaced by communism via class struggle. Moreover, students
may study Marxs assessment of the conditions of capitalism via his arguments that it
alienates and exploits its workers. Finally, students may analyse Marxs account of
ideology according to which the fundamental concepts of capitalism including the very
idea of justice itself are merely the ideas of the ruling class.
Prerequisites
None
Objectives
Students taking this paper will be expected to:
1.

COURSE OUTLINE
Many debates in contemporary political philosophy focus on the question of how social,
economic and political institutions should be set up in order to be just. This course
examines this question via four broad topics. The first topic, distributive justice, addresses
problems of the fair allocation of resources with regard to four specific areas of
distribution. Firstly, are there some goods, particularly those relating to the human body,
that should not be bought and sold? Secondly, how should resources be distributed
between age groups? Thirdly, do we have any duties of justice to future generations, such
as a duty to ensure their survival or prosperity? Fourthly, do we have duties of
redistribution that extend beyond national borders?
The second topic examines controversies that arise when thinking about justice in the
context of either a community with shared values, or diverse multicultural societies.
Should the state be neutral between conceptions of the good, or should it reflect shared
values of the community? What if a political community lacks shared values? Can a
liberal state legitimately influence or prohibit cultural practices? What if those practices
are illiberal?
The third topic, feminism, encompasses a diverse set of theories, all united by the claim
that our current society is unjust since there are profound inequalities between women
and men. Within this topic students may study a diverse set of feminist concerns. Why are
women poorer than men? Are women worse off because they take more responsibility for
domestic and caring work? Moreover, students may study the philosophical issues
surrounding pornography and rape: two areas in which gender inequality is especially
explicit. Finally, we can usefully interrogate the concepts of masculinity and femininity to
ask what it means to say that women and men are different from each other. How do
these differences arise, and what is their political and philosophical significance?
1

2.
3.
4.
5.

Acquire a detailed knowledge of some of the concepts, positions and arguments in

the central literature on the topics of the course.
Acquire a sense of how the positions on different topics relate to each other.
Engage closely and critically with some of the ideas studied.
Develop their ability to think independently about some of the ideas studied.
Construct their own arguments, responding to but not merely reproducing the
arguments of others.

Preliminary Reading
GEUSS, Raymond, Philosophy and Real Politics (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University
Press, 2008). Also available online at: www.dawsonera.com.
KYMLICKA, Will, Contemporary Political Philosophy. 2nd ed. (Oxford: Clarendon Press,
2002).
MACKINNON, Catharine, Toward a Feminist Theory of the State (Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press, 1989).
MARX, Karl, and Friedrich ENGELS, 'The Communist Manifesto', in D. McLellan, ed., Karl
Marx: Selected Writings (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977; 2nd ed. 2000).
MARX, Karl, and Friedrich ENGELS, 'From 'The German Ideology':Chapter One,
'Feuerbach'', in J. O'Malley, ed., Marx: Early Political Writings (Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1994), pp. 119-81.
OKIN, Susan M., Justice, Gender and the Family (New York: Basic Books, 1989).
POGGE, Thomas, World Poverty and Human Rights (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2002).
RAWLS, John, Political Liberalism (New York: Columbia University Press, 1993).

READING LIST
Items marked with an asterisk* are important

DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE
Commodification
*ANDERSON, Elizabeth, Value in Ethics and Economics (Cambridge, MA: Harvard
University Press, 1993), chs. 7-9.
*ARNESON, Richard J., 'Commodification and Commercial Surrogacy', Philosophy &
Public Affairs, 21 (1992): 132-64.
*HAUSMAN, Daniel M., 'When Jack and Jill Make a Deal', Social Philosophy and Policy,
9 (1992): 95-113.
*RADIN, Margaret J., Contested Commodities (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University
Press, 1996), chs. 5 & 6.
*SANDEL, Michael, What Money Can't Buy: the Moral Limits of Markets (London: Allen
Lane, 2012), chs. 3 & 4.
*SATZ, Debra, Why Some Things Should Not Be for Sale (Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 2010), chs. 1, 5 & 6. [Ch. 5 is also available as 'Markets in Women's
Reproductive Labour' in Philosophy & Public Affairs, 21 (1992):107-31]
*WERTHEIMER, Alan, 'Two Questions About Surrogacy and Exploitation', Philosophy &
Public Affairs, 21 (1992): 211-39.
JEFFREYS, Sheila, The Idea of Prostitution (Melbourne: Spinifex Press, 1997), ch. 6.
JEFFREYS, Sheila, The Industrial Vagina: The Political Economy of the Global Sex Trade
(London: Routledge, 2009), ch. 8. Also available online at:
http://site.ebrary.com/lib/camuk/docDetail.action?docID=10266300
MACKINNON, Catharine, 'Trafficking, Prostitution and Inequality'. Podcast of lecture
available at: http://www.gender.cam.ac.uk/professorship/2010/lecture2011.html
POWER, Nina, 'You're Like an Advert for Yourself', in her One-Dimensional Woman
(Winchester: Zero Books, 2009).
SHIFFRIN, Seana, 'Paternalism, Unconscionability Doctrine, and Accommodation',
Philosophy & Public Affairs, 29 (2000): 205-50.
SUNSTEIN, Cass R., 'Disrupting Voluntary Transactions', in J.W. Chapman and J.R.
Pennock, eds., Markets and Justice, Nomos 31 (New York, NY: New York
University Press, 1989), pp. 279-302.
International Justice
*BARRY, Brian, 'Statism and Nationalism: A Cosmopolitan Critique', in I. Shapiro and L.
Brilmayer, eds., Global Justice, Nomos 41 (New York, NY: New York University
Press, 1999), pp. 12-66. Also available on Camtools.
*CANEY, Simon, Justice Beyond Borders (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), chs. 1
& 4. Also available online at: www.oxfordscholarship.com.
*MILLS, Charles, 'Realizing (through Racializing) Pogge', in A. Jaggar, ed., Thomas
Pogge and His Critics (Malden, MA: Polity, 2010), pp. 151-74 Also available on
Camtools.
3

*NAGEL, Thomas, 'The Problem of Global Justice', Philosophy & Public Affairs, 33
(2005): 113-47.
*POGGE, Thomas, World Poverty and Human Rights (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2002).
[Especially chs. 4, 5, 7 & 8]
*RAWLS, John, The Law of Peoples (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999),
Parts 1 & 2.
*SCHEFFLER, Samuel, 'Conceptions of Cosmopolitanism', Utilitas, 11, no. 3 (1999): 25576. Also available online at: www.oxfordscholarship.com. Reprinted in his
Boundaries and Allegiances (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), pp. 111-30.
*SINGER, Peter, 'Famine, Affluence, and Morality', Philosophy & Public Affairs, 1 (1972):
229-44. Reprinted in W. Aiken and H. LaFollette, eds., World Hunger and Morality,
2nd ed., (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1996), pp. 26-38.
BLAKE, Michael, 'Distributive Justice, State Coercion and Autonomy', Philosophy &
Public Affairs, 30 (2001): 257-96.
CANEY, Simon, 'Review Article: International Distributive Justice', Political Studies, 49,
no. 5 (2001): 974-97. [See also David Miller's critique and Simon Caney's reply in
Political Studies 50, no. 5 (2002): 947-83]
TAN, Kok-Chor, Justice without Borders (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004).
Also available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511490385.
WALDRON, Jeremy, 'What Is Cosmopolitan?' Journal of Political Philosophy, 8, no. 2
(2000): 227-43.
WENAR, Leif, 'Why Rawls Is Not a Cosmopolitan Egalitarian', in R. Martin and D.A.
Reidy, eds., Rawls's Law of Peoples: A Realistic Utopia (Oxford: Blackwell, 2006),
pp. 95-113. Also available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470776612.ch6.
Justice and Age Groups
*CUPIT, Geoffrey, 'Justice, Age and Veneration', Ethics, 108, no. 4 (1998): 702-71.
*DANIELS, Norman, Am I My Parents' Keeper? An Essay on Justice between the Young
and the Old (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988), chs. 1-3.
*DANIELS, Norman, 'The Prudential Life-Span Account of Justice across Generations', in
Justice and Justification (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), pp. 25783. Also available on Camtools.
*MCKERLIE, D., 'Egalitarianism and the Difference between Interpersonal and
Intrapersonal Judgements', in N. Holtung and K. Lippert-Rasmussen, eds.,
Egalitarianism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007), pp. 157-73. Also available
on Camtools.
*TEMKIN, Larry, 'Between Whom, or What, Does Inequality Obtain?' in his Inequality
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993), pp. 232-44. Also available on Camtools.
BUCHANAN, Allen, 'The Right to a Decent Minimum of Healthcare', Philosophy & Public
Affairs, 13, no. 1 (1984): 55-78.
MCKERLIE, Dennis, 'Equality between Age-Groups', Philosophy & Public Affairs, 21, no.
3 (1992): 275-95.
Justice and Future Generations
*BARRY, Brian, 'Justice between Generations', in P. Hacker and J. Raz, eds., Law,
Morality and Society: Essays in Honour of H.L.A. Hart (Oxford: Clarendon Press,
4

1977), pp. 268-84. Also available on Camtools. Reprinted in his Democracy,

Power, and Justice: Essays in Political Theory (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989),
pp. 494-510.
*KUMAR, Rahul, 'Who Can Be Wronged', Philosophy & Public Affairs, 31 (2003): 99-118.
*MULGAN, Tim, Future People (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006). Also available
online at: www.oxfordscholarship.com. [Especially chs. 1, 2 & 5]
*PARFIT, Derek, Reasons and Persons (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984), Part 4. Also
available online at: www.oxfordscholarship.com.
*RAWLS, John, A Theory of Justice. Rev. ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999),
sects. 22, 44 & 45.
*WOODWARD, James, 'The Non-Identity Problem', Ethics, 96 (1986): 804-31.
BARRY, Brian, 'The Ethics of Resource Depletion', in Liberty and Justice (Oxford:
Clarendon Press, 1991), pp. 259-73. Also available on Camtools.
BENATAR, David, Better Never to Have Been (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006).
Also available online at: www.oxfordscholarship.com. [Especially chs. 1 & 2]
PARFIT, Derek, 'Future Generations: Further Problems ', Philosophy & Public Affairs, 11
(1982): 113-83.
PARFIT, Derek, 'Overpopulation and the Quality of Life', in P. Singer, ed., Applied Ethics
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986), pp. 145-64.

QUONG, Jonathan, Liberalism without Perfection (Oxford: Oxford University Press,

2011).
RAWLS, John, 'The Idea of Public Reason Revisited', The University of Chicago Law
Review, 64, no. 3 (1997): 765-807. Also available online at:
www.jstor.org/stable/1600311. Reprinted in his The Law of Peoples (Cambridge,
MA: Harvard University Press, 1999), pp. 129-80.
RAWLS, John, A Theory of Justice. Rev. ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999),
chs. 1-3 & 5.
RAZ, Joseph, 'Facing Diversity: the Case for Epistemic Abstinence', Philosophy and
Public Affairs, 19 (1990): 3-46. Reprinted in C. Kukathas, ed., John Rawls: Critical
Assessments. Vol. 4 (London: Routledge, 2003).
RAZ, Joseph, The Morality of Freedom (Oxford: Clarendon, 1986), chs. 5 & 6. Also
available online at: www.oxfordscholarship.com.
SCHEFFLER, Samuel, 'The Appeal of Political Liberalism', Ethics, 105, no. 1 (1994): 422. Reprinted in C. Kukathas, ed., John Rawls: Critical Assessments. Vol. 4
(London: Routledge, 2003).
WENAR, Leif, 'Political Liberalism: An Internal Critique', Ethics, 106, no. 1 (1995): 32-62.
WOLIN, Sheldon S., 'The Liberal/Democratic Divides: On Rawls's Political Liberalism',
Political Theory, 24 (1996): 97-119.

COMMUNITY AND CULTURE

Communitarianism

Political Liberalism
*BARRY, Brian, 'John Rawls and the Search for Stability', Ethics, 105, no. 4 (1995): 874915. Reprinted in C. Kukathas, ed., John Rawls: Critical Assessments. Vol. 4
(London: Routledge, 2003).
*DREBEN, Burton, 'On Rawls and Political Liberalism', in S. Freeman, ed., The
Cambridge Companion to Rawls (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003).
Also available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CCOL0521651670.
*FRIEDMAN, Marilyn, 'John Rawls and the Political Coercion of Unreasonable People', in
her Autonomy, Gender, Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), ch. 8. Also
available online at: www.oxfordscholarship.com.
*RAWLS, John, Justice as Fairness: A Restatement (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University
Press, 2001).
*RAWLS, John, Political Liberalism (New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1993).
[Especially Lecture 1 and Part 2]
HAMPTON, Jean, 'Should Political Philosophy Be Done without Metaphysics?' Ethics, 99
(1989): 791-814. Reprinted in C. Kukathas, ed., John Rawls: Critical Assessments.
Vol. 4 (London: Routledge, 2003).
LARMORE, Charles, 'Public Reason', in S. Freeman, ed., The Cambridge Companion to
Rawls (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003). Also available online at:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CCOL0521651670.
MULHALL, Stephen, and Adam SWIFT, Liberals and Communitarians. 2nd ed. (Oxford:
Blackwell, 1996), Introduction and chs. 5, 6 & 8.

*AVINERI, Shlomo, and Avner DE-SHALIT, eds., Communitarianism and Individualism

(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992). [Chs. by Taylor, Sandel, Gutmann and
Kymlicka]
*MACINTYRE, Alasdair, Whose Justice? Which Rationality? (London: Duckworth, 1988),
chs. 1 & 18-20.
*OKIN, Susan M., Justice, Gender and the Family (New York: Basic Books, 1989), chs. 3
& 6.
*SANDEL, Michael, Liberalism and the Limits of Justice (Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1982), ch. 1. Also available on Camtools.
*TAYLOR, Charles, 'Atomism', in Philosophy and the Human Sciences: Philosophical
Papers. Vol. 2 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985), pp. 187-210. Also
available on Camtools.
*WALDRON, Jeremy, 'When Justice Replaces Affection: The Need for Rights', in Liberal
Rights (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), pp. 370-91. Also available
on Camtools.
*WALZER, Michael, Spheres of Justice (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1983).
KYMLICKA, Will, Contemporary Political Philosophy (Oxford: Clarendon Press, either
1990 or 2002 ed.), ch. 6.
MULHALL, Stephen, and Adam SWIFT, 'Rawls and Communitarianism', in S. Freeman,
ed., The Cambridge Companion to Rawls (Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 2003), pp. 460-87. Also available online at:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CCOL0521651670. [See also their Liberals and
Communitarians, 2nd rev. ed. (Oxford: Blackwell, 1996)]

Multiculturalism
Also see section: FEMINISM: Gender Justice and Difference, below.
*BARRY, Brian, Culture and Equality (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2001), chs. 5 & 6.
*KUKATHAS, Chandran, The Liberal Archipelago (Oxford: Oxford University Press,
2003). Also available online at: www.oxfordscholarship.com.
*KYMLICKA, Will, ed., Multicultural Citizenship (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995), chs. 3, 5
& 8. Also available online at: www.oxfordscholarship.com.
*MILLS, Charles, 'Multiculturalism as/and/or Anti-Racism', in A.S. Laden and D. Owen,
eds., Multiculturalism and Political Theory (Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 2007), pp. 89-114. Also available on Camtools.
*OKIN, Susan M., ed., Is Multiculturalism Bad for Women? (Princeton, NJ: Princeton
University Press, 1999). Also available online at: www.dawsonera.com.
*RAZ, Joseph, 'Multiculturalism; a Liberal Perspective', in Ethics in the Public Domain:
Essays in the Morality of Law and Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995),
pp. 170-91. Also available on Camtools.
*TAYLOR, Charles, et al., Multiculturalism, edited by A. Gutmann (Princeton, NJ:
Princeton University Press, 1994). [Chs. by Taylor, Appiah and Wolf]
CARENS, Joseph, Culture, Citizenship, and Community (Oxford: Oxford University Press,
2000). Also available online at: www.oxfordscholarship.com.
FRASER, Nancy, Justice Interruptus: Critical Reflections on the Post-Socialist Condition
(London: Routledge, 1997), ch. 1. Also available on Camtools.
KELLY, Paul, ed., Multiculturalism Reconsidered: Culture and Equality and Its Critics
(Cambridge: Polity Press, 2002).
KUKATHAS, Chandran, 'Multiculturalism as Fairness: Will Kymlicka's Multicultural
Citizenship', Journal of Political Philosophy, 5 (1997): 406-20.
SAUL, Jennifer, Feminism: Issues and Arguments (Oxford: Oxford University Press,
2003), ch. 9.
Nationalism
*JONES, Peter, ed., Group Rights (Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, 2009). [Chs. by
Newman, Jones, Green, Narveson, Okin, Margalit and Raz]
*MARGALIT, Avishai, and Joseph RAZ, 'National Self-Determination', Journal of
Philosophy, 87, no. 9 (1990): 439-61. Reprinted in J. Raz, Ethics in the Public
Domain: Essays in the Morality of Law and Politics (Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 1995), pp. 125-145. Also available online at: www.oxfordscholarship.com.
*MILLER, David, National Responsibility and Global Justice (Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 2007), chs. 5-9. Also available online at: www.oxfordscholarship.com.
*MILLER, David, On Nationality (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995). Also available online at:
www.oxfordscholarship.com.
*TAMIR, Yael, Liberal Nationalism (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993).
BUCHANAN, Allen, 'What's So Special About Nations', in J. Couture, K. Nielsen and M.
Seymour, eds., Rethinking Nationalism (Calgary, AB: University of Calgary Press,
1998), pp. 283-309.

KYMLICKA, Will, Multicultural Citizenship (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), ch. 6.
Also available online at: www.oxfordscholarship.com.
KYMLICKA, Will, and Ian SHAPIRO, eds., Ethnicity and Group Rights, Nomos 29 (New
York, NY: New York University Press, 1997).
MILLER, David, Citizenship and National Identity (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2000), chs. 4,
7 & 8.
O'NEILL, Onora, 'Identities, Boundaries and States', in her Bounds of Justice (Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 2000), pp. 168-85. Also available online at:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511605734.

FEMINISM
Economic Justice and Gender
*DAVIS, Angela Y., 'Women and Capitalism: Dialectics of Oppression and Liberation', in
J. James and T. Sharpley-Whiting, eds., The Black Feminist Reader (Oxford:
Blackwell, 2000), pp. 146-82. Also on Camtools.
*FOLBRE, Nancy, Who Pays for the Kids? Gender and the Structure of Constraints
(London: Routledge, 1994), chs. 1-3.
*FRASER, Nancy, Justice Interruptus (London: Routledge, 1997), ch. 2.
*NUSSBAUM, Martha, Sex and Social Justice (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999),
ch. 2. Also available online at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/?id=45331.
*OKIN, Susan M., Justice, Gender and the Family (New York: Basic Books, 1989), chs. 2,
5 & 7.
*POWER, Nina, One-Dimensional Woman (Winchester: Zero Books, 2009). [Especially
sect. 1.0: 'The Feminisation of Labour']
*WILLIAMS, Joan, Unbending Gender (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000). [Part 1,
especially chs. 1-3]
BECKER, Gary, 'Human Capital, Effort and the Sexual Division of Labour', Journal of
Labor Economics, 3, no. 1 (1985): Part 2, sects. 22-58. Available online at:
www.jstor.org/stable/2534997.
KYMLICKA, Will, Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Introduction (Oxford: Clarendon
Press, 1990; or 2nd ed. 2002 ). [Ch. on "Feminism". Also available on Camtools]

The Ethics of Care

*GILLIGAN, Carol, In a Different Voice (Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press, 1982;
repr. with new introduction, 1993). [The book that started it. Gilligan's later
explanations are in the 1993 preface and in M.J. Larrabee, An Ethic of Care
(London: Routledge, 1993)]
*HELD, Virginia, The Ethics of Care: Personal, Political, Global (New York, NY: Oxford
University Press, 2007). Also available online at: www.oxfordscholarship.com.
*SUNSTEIN, Cass R., ed., Feminism and Political Theory (Chicago, IL: Chicago
University Press, 1982). [Chapters by Okin, Flanagan & Jackson and Hardwig]
8

*TRONTO, Joan C., Moral Boundaries. A Political Argument for an Ethic of Care (London:
Routledge, 1993).
BENHABIB, Seyla, Situating the Self: Gender, Community, and Postmodernism in
Contemporary Ethics (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1992), chs. 5 & 6.
HELD, Virginia, Feminist Morality (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1993).
[Especially ch. 10]
LARRABEE, Mary Jeanne, An Ethic of Care (London: Routledge, 1993).
Gender and Difference
*CHAMBERS, Clare, Sex, Culture, and Justice: The Limits of Choice (University Park,
PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2008), chs. 4 & 5.
*FINE, Cordelia, Delusions of Gender: the Real Science Behind Sex Differences (London:
Icon Books, 2011), chs. 4-7.
*FRASER, Nancy, Justice Interruptus: Critical Reflections on the 'Postsocialist' Condition
(London: Routledge, 1997), ch. 1. Also available on Camtools.
*FRYE, Marilyn, The Politics of Reality (Freedom, CA: Crossing Press, 1983), ch. 1-3.
*HOOKS, Bell, Ain't I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism (London: Pluto Press,
1983).
*NUSSBAUM, Martha, Sex and Social Justice (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999),
chs. 1, 3 & 4. Also available online at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/?id=45331.
*PHILLIPS, Anne, Which Equalities Matter? (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1999), chs. 2 & 4.
*YOUNG, Iris M., Justice and the Politics of Difference (Princeton, NJ: Princeton
University Press, 1990), chs. 1, 2 & 4.
OKIN, Susan M., ed., Is Multiculturalism Bad for Women (Princeton, NJ: Princeton
University Press, 1999). Also available online at: www.dawsonera.com.
SHACHAR, Ayelet, Multicultural Jurisdictions: Cultural Differences and Women's Right
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001). Also available online at:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511490330.
SPELMAN, Elizabeth V., Inessential Woman: Problems of Exclusion in Feminist Thought
(London: Women's Press, 1990), ch. 5.
Pornography
*DWORKIN, Andrea, Pornography: Men Possessing Women (London: Women's Press,
1981).
*DWORKIN, Ronald, 'Is There a Right to Pornography?', Oxford Journal of Legal Studies,
1 (1981): 177-212. Reprinted as Do We Have a Right to Pornography? in his A
Matter of Principle (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1985), pp. 335-72.
*ITZIN, Catherine, ed., Pornography (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992).
*LANGTON, Rae, 'Pornography: A Liberal's Unfinished Business', Canadian Journal of
Law and Jurisprudence, 12, no. 1 (1999): 109-33.
*LANGTON, Rae, 'Speech Acts and Unspeakable Acts', Philosophy & Public Affairs, 22
(1993): 293-330. Reprinted in her Sexual Solipsism: Philosophical Essays on
Pornography and Objectification (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), pp. 2587.
*MACKINNON, Catharine, Only Words (London: Harper Collins, 1994).
9

BROWN, Wendy, States of Injury (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995), ch. 4.
DINES, Gail, Pornland: How Porn Has Hijacked Our Sexuality (Boston, MA: Beacon
Press, 2010).
DWORKIN, Ronald, Freedom's Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996).
['MacKinnon's Words' and 'Pornography and Hate']
FEINBERG, Joel, Offense to Others: The Moral Limits of the Criminal Law. Vol. 2 (Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 1985), ch. 11. Also available online at:
www.oxfordscholarship.com.
MACKINNON, Catharine, and Andrea DWORKIN, In Harm's Way: The Pornography Civil
Rights Hearings (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997).
STROSSEN, Nadine, Defending Pornography: Free Speech, Sex and the Fight for
Women's Rights (London: Abacus, 1996).
SUNSTEIN, Cass R., 'Neutrality in Constitutional Law (with Special Reference to
Pornography, Abortion, and Surrogacy)', Columbia Law Review, 92, no. 1 (1992):
1-52.
WILLIAMS, Bernard, ed., Obscenity and Film Censorship: An Abridgement of the
Williams Report (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981).
Rape
*ARCHARD, David, Sexual Consent (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1998).
*MACKINNON, Catharine, Toward a Feminist Theory of the State (Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press, 1989), chs. 6, 7 & 13.
*WERTHEIMER, Alan, Consent to Sexual Relations (Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 2003). Also available online at:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511610011.
BROWNMILLER, Susan, Against Our Will: Men, Women and Rape (New York, NY:
Fawcett Books, 1993).
FOLEY, Linda, et al., 'Date Rape: Effects on Race and Assailant and Victim and Gender
on Subjects and Perceptions', Journal of Black Psychology, 21 (1995): 6-18.
KENNEDY, Helena, Eve Was Framed (London: Chatto and Windus, 1992), ch. 5.
LEES, Sue, Carnal Knowledge: Rape on Trial (London: Penguin Books, 1996).
TOMASELLI, Sylvana, and Roy PORTER, eds., Rape: An Historical and Cultural Inquiry
(Oxford: Blackwell, 1989).
Masculinity and Femininity
*BORDO, Susan, Unbearable Weight: Feminism, Western Culture, and the Body
(Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2003), Introduction. Also available on
Camtools.
*BUTLER, Judith, Gender Trouble (London: Routledge, 1999), ch. 1. Also available online
at: http://lib.myilibrary.com/?ID=31683.
*DWORKIN, Andrea, Woman Hating (New York, NY: Dutton, 1974), ch. 6.
*FINE, Cordelia, Delusions of Gender: the Real Science Behind Sex Differences (London:
Icon Books, 2011). [Especially Part 3]
*GREER, Germaine, The Female Eunuch (London: Flamingo, 1991). ['Body']
*WALTER, Natasha, Living Dolls: The Return of Sexism (London: Virago, 2010).
10

*WEITZ, Rose, ed., The Politics of Women's Bodies (Oxford: Oxford University Press,
2003). [Part 1: chs. by Weitz, Bartky, Lorber and Riessman]
*WOLF, Naomi, The Beauty Myth (London: Vintage, 1990).
*YOUNG, Iris M., On Female Body Experience (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005).
Also available online at: www.oxfordscholarship.com. [Especially 'Throwing Like A
Girl']
BLACKLEDGE, Catherine, The Story of V: Opening Pandora's Box (London: Phoenix,
2003).
BORDO, Susan, 'Gentleman or Beast? The Double Bind of Masculinity', in her The Male
Body: A New Look at Men in Public and in Private (New York, NY: Farrar Straus &
Giroux, 2000).
CHAMBERS, Clare, Sex, Culture, and Justice: the Limits of Choice (University Park, PA:
Pennsylvania State University Press, 2008), part 1.
CONNELL, Raewyn W., Masculinities (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1995), ch. 3.
DE BEAUVOIR, Simone, The Second Sex, (Various eds.). Also available online at:
http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/ethics/de-beauvoir/2nd-sex/index.htm.
FAUSTO-STERLING, Anne, Sexing the Body (New York, NY: Basic Books, 2000).
WITTIG, Monique, The Straight Mind and Other Essays (Boston, MA: Beacon Press,
1982).

MARXISM
Historical Materialism
The following texts by Marx can also be found online at: www.marxists.org.
*MARX, Karl, 'Introduction to Grundrisse', in T. Carver, ed., Marx: Later Political Writings
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), pp. 128-57.
*MARX, Karl, 'On Feuerbach', in J. O'Malley, ed., Marx: Early Political Writings
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), pp. 116-18.
*MARX, Karl, 'Preface to Critique of Political Economy', in T. Carver, ed., Marx: Later
Political Writings (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), pp. 158-62.
*MARX, Karl, and Friedrich ENGELS, 'The Communist Manifesto', in D. McLellan, ed.,
Karl Marx: Selected Writings (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977; 2nd ed.
2000).
*MARX, Karl, and Friedrich ENGELS, 'From 'the German Ideology': Chapter One,
'Feuerbach'', in J. O'Malley, ed., Marx: Early Political Writings (Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1994), pp. 119-81.
*COHEN, G.A., History, Labour and Freedom (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989).
[Especially chs. 1, 2, 7 & 8]
*LUKES, Steven, 'Can the Base Be Distinguished from the Superstructure?' in D. Miller
and L. Siedentop, eds., The Nature of Political Theory (Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 1983), pp. 103-19. Also available on Camtools.
COHEN, G.A., Karl Marx's Theory of History: A Defence (Oxford: Clarendon Press,
1978).
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EAGLETON, Terry, Why Marx Was Right (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2011),
ch. 3. Also available online at: www.dawsonera.com.
SAYERS, Sean, 'Marxism and the Dialectical Method: A Critique of G.A. Cohen', in S.
Sayers and P. Osborne, eds., Socialism, Feminism and Philosophy (London:
Routledge, 1990). Also available online at:
www.dawsonera.com/abstract/9780203411988.
WOOD, Allen, Karl Marx (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1981), Part 2.

Ideology
*MARX, Karl, 'From 'the German Ideology': Chapter One, 'Feuerbach'', in J. O'Malley, ed.,
Marx: Early Political Writings (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994). Also
in Karl Marx: Selected Writings, edited by D. McLellan (Oxford, Oxford University
Press, 1977).
*GEUSS, Raymond, The Idea of a Critical Theory (Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 1981). [Especially ch. 1]
*LARRAIN, Jorge, The Concept of Ideology (London: Hutchinson, 1979), Parts 1 & 2.
*WOOD, Allen, Karl Marx (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1981), Parts 2 & 3.
HERMAN, Edward S., and Noam CHOMSKY, Manufacturing Consent (New York, NY:
Random House, 1994), 'Preface' and ch. 1 ('A Propaganda Model').
LICHTHEIM, George, 'The Concept of Ideology', in The Concept of Ideology and Other
Essays (New York, NY: Random House, 1967), pp. 3-46.
PLAMENATZ, John, Ideology (London: Macmillan, 1971), chs. 1, 4 & 5.
ROSEN, Michael, On Voluntary Servitude (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1996), chs. 1, 2 & 6.
Alienation
*MARX, Karl, 'Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts; the Holy Family; the German
Ideology', in D. McLellan, ed., Karl Marx: Selected Writings (Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 1977; 2nd ed. 2000).
*MARX, Karl, 'From the Paris Notebooks', in J. O'Malley, ed., Marx: Early Political
Writings (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994).
*LUKES, Steven, 'Alienation and Anomie', in his Essays in Social Theory (Aldershot:
Gregg Revivals, 1994), pp. 74-95. Also available on Camtools.
*OLLMAN, Bertell, Alienation: Marx's Conception of Man in Capitalist Society. 2nd ed.
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976), sect. 3.
*SWAIN, Dan, Alienation: An Introduction to Marx's Theory (London: Bookmarks, 2012).
*WOOD, Allen, Karl Marx (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1981). [Part I]
COHEN, G.A., History, Labour and Freedom (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989), ch.
5.
CONLY, Craig A., 'Alienation, Sociality, and the Division of Labor', Ethics, 89, no. 1
(1978): 82-94.
ELSTER, John, Making Sense of Marx (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985),
ch. 2.
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PLAMENATZ, John, Karl Marx's Philosophy of Man (Oxford Clarendon Press, 1975), chs.
5 & 6.
Exploitation and Justice
*MARX, Karl, 'Critique of "The Gotha Programme"', in T. Carver, ed., Marx: Later Political
Writings (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), pp. 208-26.
*MARX, Karl, 'On the Jewish Question', in D. McLellan, ed., Karl Marx: Selected Writings
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977; 2nd ed. 2000), pp. 39-62.
*COHEN, G.A., 'The Labour Theory of Value and the Concept of Exploitation', in History,
Labour and Freedom (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988), pp. 209-38. Also
available on Camtools.
*LUKES, Steven, Marxism and Morality (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985).
*SCHWARTZ, Justin, 'What's Wrong with Exploitation?' Nos, 29, no. 2 (1995): 158-88.
*WOOD, Allen, Karl Marx (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1981), Part 3.
ELSTER, John, Making Sense of Marx (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985),
ch. 4.
MARX, Karl, 'Capital Vol. 1', in D. McLellan, ed., Karl Marx: Selected Writings (Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 1977; 2nd ed. 2000), pp. 415-88. [Selections]
ROEMER, John, 'New Directions in the Marxian Theory of Exploitation and Class', in J.
Roemer, ed., Analytical Marxism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986),
pp. 81-113. Also available on Camtools.

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