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TN LTM
T Lm Thanh
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II.Mc ch:
Gip sinh vin nm r cc phng php phn tch mch.
III.Bi chun b:
Sinh vin xem trc phn l thuyt v cch thc vn hnh cc dng c th
nghim.
M phng mch ng vi cc dng ngun tc ng khc nhau v trn cc tn s
khc nhau (bng cc phn mm Orcad, Proteus, Workbench).
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2/ Thc hnh:
2.1 nh lut Kirchhoff v dng (KCL):
Rp mch nh hnh 1.9 (Trn khi Kirchhoffs Current Law):
IR2=
IT=IR1+IR2
IR1
MAX
NOM
MIN
IR2
IT
MAX
MAX
NOM
NOM
MIN
MIN
Bng 1.1
d. Dng VOM o v ghi li gi tr IR1, IR2, IT.
e. So snh kt qu o c v kt qu tnh ton.Nhn xt.
f. Hy gii thch mi quan h gia cc dng trong KCL.
g. p dng cng thc tnh IT=VS.(R1//R2)
h. So snh kt qu tnh ton vi kt qu o c.Nhn xt.
2.2 nh lut Kirchhoff v p (KVL):
Rp mch nh hnh 1.10(Trn khi Kirchhoffs Voltage Law):
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a.
b.
c.
d.
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i. p dng cng thc chia dng suy ra dng in chy qua R2 v R6.
j. Vi dng nhnh c c p dng nh lut Ohm suy ra in p ri
trn cc in tr R4, R5, R6.
k. Dng KVL kim tra li tng in p trn R4, R5, R6 c bng in p
trn R2 khng. Nhn xt.
2.4 ng dng nh lut Kirchhoff vi 2 ngun c lp:
Mc mch nh hnh 1.12 (Trn khi Kirchhoff Solution With 2 Sources):
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
Hnh 1.13
Da vo vng mu trn cc in tr suy ra gi tr ca n.
Dng cc nh lut Kirchhoff (phng php dng nhnh) xc nh
dng in i qua cc in tr.
Vi s mch nh hnh 1.13 th thnh phn no khi ta xc nh
c s gii quyt c c m hnh mch.
Theo bn in p ti nt 1trn hnh 1.13 l (-) hay (+)so vi t.
Vi gi tr in p trn R3 cu trn suy ra in p v dng in
trn cc thnh phn mch cn li.
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m.
n.
o.
p.
Hnh 1.14
Tnh gi tr ca cc dng in vng => Chiu dng in, in p trn
R3 => Gi tr IR3 v VR3.
o in p trn R3 v so snh vi kt qu cu m.Nhn xt.
Vi cc d liu c trn ta c th xc nh c in p trn
R1 v R2 cha?
So vi phng php dng nhnh th phng php dng vng c u
im g hn?
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Hnh 1.18
*Ghi ch: R2 khng phi l ti ca mch
a. Chnh ngun v gi tr: 10V
b. Thnh phn no s b thay th bi m hnh mch Thevenin.
c. Tnh gi tr RTH
d. Rp mch o gi tr RTH v so snh vi kt qu cu c.
e. Tnh v ghi li gi tr VTH
f. Rp mch o ngun VTH v so snh vi kt qu cu e.
g. Lp thm ti R3 vo mch. Tnh dng qua ti R3.
h. o in p trn ti R3 =>dng in qua ti R3.So snh vi kt qu
tnh ton bng phng php Thevenin.
2.6.2 Phng php Thevenin i vi mch cu:
Lp mch nh hnh1.19 (Trn khi Thevenin a bridge circuit):
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a.
b.
c.
d.
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e.
f.
g.
h.
Hnh 1.21
o p 2 u A&B ri so snh vi kt qu cu c.
Gn in tr R5 vo mch. o v ghi li VR5.
p dng m hnh mch Thevenin tnh gi tr in tr ti.
o gi tr in tr ti RL. So snh vi kt qu cu g. Nhn xt.
Hnh 1.22
a. Chnh ngun p dng v gi tr 7.94V.
b. Nhn vo hnh in p trn 2 u no i din cho U h mch? Gi
tr ca in p ny l bao nhiu?
c. o p h mch v so snh kt qu vi cu b.
d. Da vo hnh trn xc nh in tr ti v tnh gi tr in p, dng
in i qua n.
e. Dng VOM o p trn ti RL =>IRL v so snh vi kt qu tnh ton.
f. iu g s xy ra khi ta ngn mch ng ra m hnh Thevenin.
g. Ngn mch ng ra mch Thevenin v o gi tr in p h mch.
Nhn xt.
h. Da vo cc bc lm trn hy suy ra dng IN (Dng IN tng
ng vi dng ngn mch ca mch Thevenin).
i. Hy nu mi quan h gia RTH trong mch Thevenin v RN trong
mch Norton.
j. Hon tt hnh bn di:
Hnh 1.23
Rp mch bn m hnh mch Norton:
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Hnh 1.24
Gn RN vo mch.
Da vo kt qu tnh ton trn => IRN v IRL trn m hnh Norton.
Suy ra in p VRL trn m hnh Norton.
o dng khng ti trn m hnh mch Norton v so snh vi dng
ngn mch hnh Thevenin.
e. So snh in p khng ti v c ti ca mch Thevenin v mch
Norton. Nhn xt.
f. S dng VOM quan st dng in tng m hnh mch Norton.Gn
ti RL& RN vo mch ghi li gi tr c c trn VOM. Tho ti ra.
Dng tng c thay i khng. Ti sao?
g. Tho RN ra khi mch. Dng tng c thay i khng. Ti sao?
a.
b.
c.
d.
V. n tp v m rng:
Trong 3 phng php dng nhnh, in th nt, mt li th phng
php no c s phng trnh nhiu nht?
Mch Thevenin c gii c bi ton ngun ph thuc m phn iu
khin khng thuc phn Thevenin khng? Ti sao.
Mch cu cn bng th c dng in qua nhnh gia khng?
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Ph lc A:
Mu
Gi tr Sai s
en
0
Nu
1
2
Cam
3
Vng
4
Lc
5
Lam
6
Tm
7
Xm
8
Trng
9
Vng kim
0.01
10%
Bch kim
0.1
5%
Khng mu
__
20%
Bng 2.2 Bng vng mu in tr
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II.Mc ch:
Tnh ton,o thi hng mch RC, RL.
Kho st nh hng ca thi hng trong mch RC, RL.
III. Bi chun b:
Mch RC:
Yu cu:
V mch RC
Tnh thi hng
M phng mch RC bng phn mm (Orcad,Proteus,Workbench .)
quan st sng trn t C.
Kho st nh hng ca trong mch RC.
Mch R :
Yu cu:
V mch RL
Tnh thi hng
M phng mch RL bng phn mm (Orcad,Proteus,Workbench ..)
quan st sng trn cun dy L.
Kho st nh hng ca trong mch RL.
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2/ Thc hnh:
2.1 Thi hng RC:
Mc mch nh hnh:
Hnh 2.5
a. Dng dao dng k quan st tn hiu trn t,nhn S1 n khi t np y
sau th S1 ra, nhn S2. Nhn xt.
b. Tnh thi hng trong mch hnh 2.5
c. Dng biu thi hng xc nh in p np trn t sau 1.
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a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Hnh 2.9
f. S dng biu thi hng,tnh in p VC sau khi np c 2.
g. o v ghi nhn VC sau khi np c 2. So snh vi cu f.
h. Mc mch nh hnh 2.10. VGEN sng vung c Vpp =8Vpp, f =5kHz. Quan
st in p trn R2, nhn xt v dng sng ca dng in trong mch.
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Hnh 2.10
Mch RL:
a. Tnh v ghi nhn thi hng ca mch trong hnh 2.11. Vi VGEN l sng
vung c Vpp=8V, f =5kHz.
Hnh 2.11:Mch RL
b. Quan st dng sng ca VL1 bng OSC cn bao nhiu thi hng cun
dy np y.
c. Dng biu thi hng hnh 2.6 tnh in p trn cun dy khi np
c 1 .
d. o v ghi nhn in p trn VL1 sau khi n np c 1. So snh kt qu
cu c.
e. Mc mch nh hnh 2.12 quan st dng sng trn R cho bit dng in
trong mch ln nht u chu k np hay cui chu k np.
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Hnh 2.12
V/ n tp v m rng:
Ghi cng thc tnh thi hng trong mch RC,RL.
Trong mch RC in hnh, ta mc thm R // R th gi tr tng hay gim. Ti
sao.
Cho xung vung ng vo vi tn s 5kHz mch RC in hnh. Gi tr thi hng
phi nh th no p ra trn R c dng vi phn, tch phn.
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BI 3: MCH LC TH NG
BI 3:MCH LC TH NG
I. L thuyt:
1.1/ Cc b lc thng thp v thng cao:
Cc mch lc c s dng trong rt nhiu ng dng v vi nhiu tn s khc
nhau. Mc ch c bn ca cc mch lc l chn (hoc lm yu) cc tn s khng
mong mun v cho cc tn s mong mun i qua vi s suy gim t nht. Ta c nhiu
loi mch lc nh lc thng thp, thng cao, thng di v.v. Cc mch lc thng
thp ngn vic truyn cc tn s cao, cn cc mch lc thng cao loi b cc tn hiu
tn s thp. Hnh 3.1 minh ha cc ng c tuyn truyn in hnh v l tng ca
cc b lc thng cao v thng thp. Nh ta thy trn hnh v, mt b lc l tng
khng lm suy gim cc tn s trong bng thng v ch lm suy gim cc tn s ngoi
bng vi p ng l tng l c bin suy hao v mc 0. Thc t ta khng th c
mach lc m c p ng l tng ny, mc d cng c mt vi kiu b lc c th c
c tnh gn l tng mt cch hp l.
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BI 3: MCH LC TH NG
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BI 3: MCH LC TH NG
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BI 3: MCH LC TH NG
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BI 3: MCH LC TH NG
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BI 3: MCH LC TH NG
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BI 3: MCH LC TH NG
II. Mc ch:
Bi th nghim ny gip sinh vin xc nh c tn s ct ca mch lc, s
thay i ca tn hiu khi qua mch lc th ng.
Kho st c tuyn tn s ca cc mch lc th ng.
III. Bi chun b:
Mch lc thng thp (mch lc tn s cao):
Yu cu:
V mch lc thng thp RC v RL.
Xc nh hm truyn.
Vit cng thc tnh tn s ct, BW.
V c tuyn bin theo tn s.
M phng mch bng phn mm (Orcad, Proteus, Workbench).
Mch lc thng cao (mch lc tn s thp):
Yu cu:
V mch lc thng cao RC v RL.
Xc nh hm truyn.
Vit cng thc tnh tn s ct, BW.
V c tuyn bin theo tn s.
M phng mch bng phn mm (Orcad, Proteus, Workbench).
Mch lc thng di:
Yu cu :
V mch lc thng di mc ni tip v song song.
Xc nh hm truyn.
Vit cng thc tnh tn s ct, BW, h s phm cht Q.
V c tuyn bin theo tn s.
M phng mch bng phn mm (Orcad, Proteus, Workbench).
Mch lc chn di:
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BI 3: MCH LC TH NG
Yu cu :
V mch lc chn di mc ni tip v song song.
Xc nh hm truyn.
Vit cng thc tnh tn s ct, BW, h s phm cht Q.
V c tuyn bin theo tn s.
M phng mch bng phn mm (Orcad,Proteus,Workbench).
Dao ng k
My pht sng
B ngun F.A.C.E.T
Kit mch AC2 Fundamentals
2 / Thc hnh:
2.1 Mch lc thng thp:
2.1.1 Mch lc thng thp RC
Tn s
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Chu k
Vout (VC1)
dB
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BI 3: MCH LC TH NG
100Hz 10 ms
20kHz
50 us
40kHz
25 us
Bng 3.1: D liu ra ca mch lc thng thp RC
d. Tnh mc in p ng ra trn VC1 ti im -3dB.
e. Thay i tn s VGEN ng ra c gi tr bng gi tr va tnh cu
d,xc nh tn s ct fc
f. V c tuyn bin (dB) theo tn s (Hz)
g. Xc nh suy gim dB /octave.
h. Xc nh d suy gim dB /decade gia 50kHz v 500 kHz.
2.1.2 Mch lc thng thp RL:
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BI 3: MCH LC TH NG
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BI 3: MCH LC TH NG
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BI 3: MCH LC TH NG
Bng 3.4
Xc nh in p ng ra ti V-3dB.
Gim tn s my pht, quan st in p ng ra Vout, khi Vout t gi tr
cu d, o chu k v tnh tn s ct di f1, ghi vo bng 3.4.
Tng tn s my pht qua fr quan st Vout, khi Vout t V-3dB, o chu k
v tnh tn s ct trn f2, ghi vo bng 3.4.
Tnh BW, Q ghi vo bng 3.4.
Tnh Q bng cng thc l thuyt, so snh kt qu cu trn. Nhn xt.
Nhn xt nh hng ca R2 n Q v BW.
2.3.2 Mch lc thng di song song:
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BI 3: MCH LC TH NG
Hnh 3.14
c. S dng gi tr Vout cu trn, xc nh V-3dB ghi vo hnh 3.14.
d. Gim tn s my pht xung di fr Vout t gi tr V-3dB, o chu k v
tn s ct di f1 ghi vo hnh 3.14.
e. Tng tn s my pht qua fr quan st Voutkhi Vout t V-3dB, o chu k v
tnh tn s ct trn f2 ghi vo hnh 3.14.
f. Tnh BW, Q.
g. Tnh Q bng cng thc, so snh vi kt qu cu f. Nhn xt.
h. Thay i VGEN t 5kHz n 50kHz, quan st in p ng ra, nhn xt.
i. Thay i R1 nh hng th no n Q.
2.4 Mch lc chn di:
2.4.1 Mch lc chn di ni tip:
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BI 3: MCH LC TH NG
Hnh 3.16
d. Gim tn s my phtquan st Vout t V-3dB cu c, xc nh tn s
ct di f1 ghi vo bng 3.5.
e. Tng tn s my phtquan st Vout t V-3dB cu c, xc nh tn s
ct trn f2 ghi vo bng 3.5.
f. Tnh BW, Q ghi vo bng 3.5.
g. Tnh Q bng cng thc l thuyt, so snh vi Q trn.
h. Nhn xt R1 nh hng th no n BW v Q.
2.4.2 Mch lc chn di song song:
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BI 3: MCH LC TH NG
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BI 3: MCH LC TH NG
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II.Gii thiu:
Thit b th nghim trong mn L thuyt mch bao gm:
My dao ng k KENWOOD CS-4125
My pht sng KENWOOD AG-203D
KENWOOD FG-273A
VOM
SANWA YX 360 TRF
B ngun F.A.C.E.T:Lab-Volt Base Unit
Kit th nghim DC Network,AC2 Fundamentals
1/ Dao ng k (Oscilloscope)KENWOOD CS-4125:
Hnh1: Dao ng k
1.1/Tng quan:
Dao ng k l thit b dng hin th o c cc tn hiu in hoc
khng in (tn hiu t cm bin v) nh dng sng, xung vv.Mt dao ng
k thng gm 2 knh c th biu din dng sng theo thi gian hay theo mt
i lng c a vo.
Dao ng k c ng dng rng ri trong rt nhiu lnh vc nh:k
thut, khoa hc, vin thng v y hc v.v
1.2/Hng dn s dng:
Ta chia Oscilloscope lm 5 phn:
a. Mn hnh: l mt hnh ch nht vi 10 ngang x 8 dc s dng
cng ngh CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)
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III. n tp v m rng:
Bi tp lm quen vi thit b:
1-T my to sng AG203D to tn hiu sng vung tn s 1 kHz bin
4Vpp ri cho hin th ln knh CH1 ca Oscilloscope.
Bc 1: Thao tc bt cng tc ngun my pht sng v nhn chn tn
hiu xung vung sau iu chnh tn s ra chn tm x100 ri xoay a v gi
tr 10 c tn hiu ra l 1kHz.
Bc 2: Nhn nt power dao ng k sau ta kt ni probe knh
CH1 vi my pht sng. Ch : Tn hiu mass (dy en ) ca c my pht v
Oscilloscope phi c ni chung nu khng tn hiu s b nhiu.
Chnh gi tr Volts /div v Time /Div phn CH1 v Horizontal
sao cho tn hiu trn mn hnh cao 4 v b ngang cho mt chu k cng l 4 .
c v ghi li gi tr Volt /div v Time /Div sau suy ra chu k ca tn
hiu.
2-Sau ta xoay gi tr Var mc CH1 ngc chiu kim ng h. Ta
thy c s thay i vbin ca tn hiu ra. Ghi li v nhn xt.
3-Ta ko nt x10 MAG bn phn Horizontal v tnh li chu k trong
trng hp ny.
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