JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW TEMPLATE

North American University

Education Department
M.Ed. in Educational Leadership
EDUC 5321: TECHNOLOGY FOR SCHOOL PRINCIPALS
Name:___Jack Lee____________

Date: _____8/29/2015_____________

Cite the reviewed article in APA format:

Chang, I-Hua. (2012). The effect of principals' technological leadership on

teachers' technological literacy and teaching effectiveness in Taiwanese
elementary. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 15(2), 328-340.
INTRODUCTION
Research Questions (if research questions are not specifically mentioned, what is
the theoretical background or overarching theme):

Many researchers (i.e., Anderson & Dexter; Byrom & Bingham; Gibson; Martin,
Gersick, Nudell, & Culp) and educational organizations (i.e., the National School
Boards Foundation; the United States Department of Education) note that strong
leadership is essential to successful technology-based school reform (cited in
Hughes, McLeod, Dikkers, Brahier, & Whiteside, 2005). (Chang, 2012, P 328).
Is there a significant correlation between teachers technological literacy and
teaching effectiveness? Does a principals technological leadership affect
teaching effectiveness? (Chang, 2012, P331).

Purpose of the research:

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships among technological

leadership of principals and the technological literacy and teaching effectiveness
of elementary school teachers. The study also explores the notion that principals
technological leadership, as mediated by teachers technological literacy, can
affect teaching effectiveness. (Chang, 2012, P 329).
METHODOLOGY
What is the methodology for the research or approach used to understand the
issue? Provide information regarding the following:

Participants: 1,000 teachers randomly selected from 100 elementary schools

Procedures: Based on the cover letter of that Director of Academic Affairs

Division received they would send a survey to random teachers and ask them to
complete it.
Data Collection Methods/Data Source: To encourage the return rate, follow up
thank you postcards and personal contacts were made until a satisfactory
percentage of participants completed the questionnaire. Of the 1,000
questionnaires distributed, 60.5% were returned. (Chang, 2012, P 332).
Data Analysis:
This research empirically investigated the relationships among principals
technological leadership, teachers technological literacy, and teaching
effectiveness and tested the structural equation model (SEM). SPSS was used to
calculate scale reliabilities (the Cronbachs alpha) and to perform factor analyses.
The final SEM model was done with LISREL.

RESULTS
Findings or Results (or main points of the article):

Principals technological leadership improves teachers technological literacy

development and influenced teachers integration of technology into their
teaching practices. Furthermore, teachers technological literacy directly affected
teaching effectiveness. Principals technological leadership also improved
teachers teaching effectiveness. (Chang, 2012, P 335).
DISCUSSIONS
Conclusions/Implications (for your profession):

As this study indicates, principals as technological leaders must develop and

implement vision and technology plans for their schools, encourage the
technological development and training of teachers, provide sufficient
technological infrastructure support, and develop an effective school-evaluation
plan. Principals who can embrace their ever-337 changing roles and become
technological leaders are those who can effectively lead and prepare their
schools for the decades to come.
A schools internal administration is no longer a closed-circuit system but rather a
dynamic educational ecologyThe role of the principal has also changed from
solely a school administrator to the current, multi-faceted role of curricular and
technological leader. Therefore, the most important task of a principal is to figure
out how to become an appropriate technological leader. A principal can then
guide teachers to improve their technological literacy (or technologyimplementation abilities) and to improve teaching effectiveness and students
academic achievements through educational reforms. This study acts as a
reference for school leaders regarding administrative management. One
important thing for principals to remember is that while they are carrying out
technological leadership, they should not focus only on hardware.
REFLECTIONS
Students Reflections (changes to your understanding; implications for your
school/work):

I agree with the results of the experiment; principals should become the
technological leaders and then strategically implement technologies into the
school. In your high school, principals had provided each classroom sets of
chrome-books for the educational uses. Teacher should also try to incorporate
technologies into teaching in order to increase students interests of learning and
positively improve students academic achievement. Last year, I told my Stats
students to create a PowerPoint presentation with different type of graphs such

as pie chart, bar graph, stem-and-leaf table and histograms on their chromebooks in class. They all put great effort into it and the result is comparably much
better than the paper-based activity.

References;
Chang, I-Hua. (2012). The effect of principals' technological leadership on
teachers' technological literacy and teaching effectiveness in Taiwanese
elementary. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 15(2), 328-340.