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8 Edicion Beer & Johnston Cap 11
8 Edicion Beer & Johnston Cap 11
x = t3 (t 2) m
(a)
v=
dx
= 3t 2 2 ( t 2 ) m/s
dt
a=
dv
= 6t 2 m/s 2
dt
Time at a = 0.
0 = 6t0 2 = 0
t0 =
(b)
1
3
t0 = 0.333 s W
1
1
x = 2 = 2.741 m
3
3
x = 2.74 m W
1
1
v = 3 2 2 = 3.666 m/s
3
3
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
v = 3.67 m/s W
x = 5t 4 4t 3 + 3t 2 ft
Velocity:
v=
dx
= 20t 3 12t 2 + 3 ft/s
dt
Acceleration:
a=
dv
= 60t 2 24t ft/s 2
dt
When t = 2 s,
4
x = ( 5 )( 2 ) ( 4 )( 2 ) ( 3)( 2 ) 2
3
v = ( 20 )( 2 ) (12 )( 2 ) + 3
2
a = ( 60 )( 2 ) ( 24 )( 2 )
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x = 52 ft W
v = 115 ft/s W
a = 192 ft/s 2 W
Velocity:
v=
dx
= 24t 3 + 24t 2 28t 10 in./s
dt
Acceleration:
a=
dv
= 72t 2 + 48t 28 in./s 2
dt
When t = 3 s,
4
x = ( 6 )( 3) + ( 8 )( 3) (14 )( 3) (10 )( 3) + 16
3
v = ( 24 )( 3) + ( 24 )( 3) ( 28 )( 3) 10
2
a = ( 72 )( 3) + ( 48 )( 3) 28
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x = 562 in. !
v = 770 in./s !
a = 764 in./s 2 !
x = 500sin kt mm
Velocity:
v=
dx
= 500k cos kt mm/s
dt
Acceleration:
a=
dv
= 500k 2 sin kt mm /s 2
dt
When t = 0.05 s,
and
k = 10 rad/s
kt = (10 )( 0.05 ) = 0.5 rad
x = 500sin ( 0.5 )
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x = 240 mm !
v = 4390 mm/s !
a = 24.0 103 mm/s 2 !
Position:
k2 = 0.5 rad/s 2
Where
k1 = 1 rad/s
Let
Position:
and
d 2
= 1 rad/s 2
dt 2
and
dx
d
= 50cos
mm/s
dt
dt
dv
a=
dt
v=
Velocity:
Acceleration:
a = 50cos
When v = 0,
d 2
d
2
50sin
mm/s
dt
dt 2
either
cos = 0
d
=1 t = 0
dt
Over 0 t 2 s, values of cos are:
t =1s
or
t (s)
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
( rad )
0.375
0.5
0.375
cos
1.0
0.931
0.878
0.981
1.0
For t = 1 s,
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x = 24.0 mm W
a = 43.9 mm/s 2 W
x = t 3 6t 2 + 9t + 5
Differentiate twice.
v=
dx
= 3t 2 12t + 9
dt
a=
dv
= 6t 12
dt
(a)
v=0
3t 2 12t + 9 = 3 ( t 1)( t 3) = 0
t = 1 s and t = 3 s W
(b)
Position at t = 5 s.
3
x5 = ( 5 ) ( 6 )( 5 ) + ( 9 )( 5 ) + 5
x5 = 25 ft W
Acceleration at t = 5 s.
a5 = ( 6 )( 5 ) 12
a5 = 18 ft/s 2 W
Position at t = 0.
x0 = 5 ft
Over 0 t < 1 s
x is increasing.
x is decreasing.
Over 3 s < t 5 s
x is increasing.
Position at t = 1 s.
3
Position at t = 3 s.
3
x3 = ( 3) ( 6 )( 3) + ( 9 )( 3) + 5 = 5 ft
Distance traveled.
At t = 1 s
d1 = x1 x0 = 9 5 = 4 ft
At t = 3 s
d3 = d1 + x3 x1 = 4 + 5 9 = 8 ft
At t = 5 s
d5 = d3 + x5 x3 = 8 + 25 5 = 28 ft
d5 = 28 ft W
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x = t 2 ( t 2 ) ft
v=
(a)
dx
2
= 2t 3 ( t 2 ) ft/s
dt
Positions at v = 0.
2
2t 3 ( t 2 ) = 3t 2 + 14t 12 = 0
t=
(b)
At t1 = 1.1315 s,
x1 = 1.935 ft
x1 = 1.935 ft W
At t2 = 3.535 s,
x2 = 8.879 ft
x2 = 8.879 ft W
x0 = 8 ft
At t = t4 = 4 s,
x4 = 8 ft
Distances traveled.
0 to t1:
d1 = 1.935 8 = 6.065 ft
t1 to t2:
t2 to t4:
d3 = 8 8.879 = 0.879 ft
Adding,
d = d1 + d 2 + d3
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
d = 13.89 ft W
0 dv = 0 a dt
v 0=
t
3e 0.2t dt
0
3
=
e 0.2t
0.2
v = 15 e 0.2t 1 = 15 1 e 0.2t
At t = 0.5 s,
v = 15 1 e 0.1
x
v = 1.427 ft/s W
0 dx = 0 v dt
t
0
x 0 = 15 1 e
0.2t
x = 15 t + 5e 0.2t 5
At t = 0.5 s,
1 0.2t
dt = 15 t +
e
0.2
x = 15 0.5 + 5e 0.1 5
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x = 0.363 ft W
a = 5.4sin kt ft/s 2 ,
t
v0 = 1.8 ft/s, x0 = 0,
v v0 = 0 a dt = 5.4 0 sin kt dt =
v 1.8 =
Velocity:
v = 1.8cos kt ft/s
t
x0=
When t = 0.5 s,
5.4
( cos kt 1) = 1.8cos kt 1.8
3
x x0 = 0 v dt = 1.8 0 cos kt dt =
Position:
5.4
cos kt
k
k = 3 rad/s
1.8
sin kt
k
1.8
( sin kt 0 ) = 0.6sin kt
3
x = 0.6sin kt ft
kt = ( 3)( 0.5 ) = 1.5 rad
v = 1.8cos1.5 = 0.1273 ft/s
x = 0.6sin1.5 = 0.5985 ft
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
v = 0.1273 ft/s W
x = 0.598 ft W
k = 3 rad/s
v0 = 1.08 ft/s
3.24
cos kt
k
4.32
sin kt
k
3.24
4.32
( cos kt 1)
( sin kt 0 )
3
3
1.08
sin kt
k
t
0
1.44
cos kt
k
t
0
1.08
1.44
( sin kt 0 ) +
( cos kt 1)
3
3
= 0.36sin kt + 0.48cos kt 0.48
=
Position:
When t = 0.5 s,
x = 0.36sin kt + 0.48cos kt ft
kt = ( 3)( 0.5 ) = 1.5 rad
v = 1.08cos1.5 1.44sin1.5 = 1.360 ft/s
x = 0.36sin1.5 + 0.48cos1.5 = 0.393 ft
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
v = 1.360 ft/s !
x = 0.393 ft !
Given:
At t = 0,
v = 400 mm/s;
at t = 1 s,
where k is a constant.
v = 370 mm/s,
x = 500 mm
v
t
t
2
400 dv = 0 a dt = 0 kt dt = 2 kt
v 400 =
1 2
kt
2
v = 400 +
or
1
2
k (1) = 370,
2
At t = 1 s,
v = 400 +
Thus
At t = 7 s,
When v = 0,
400 30t 2 = 0.
Then t 2 = 13.333 s2 ,
1 2
kt
2
k = 60 mm/s3
v7 = 1070 mm/s W
t = 3.651 s
For 0 t 3.651 s,
v>0
and
x is increasing.
v<0
and
x is decreasing.
x
t
t
2
500 dx = 1 v dt = 1 ( 400 30t ) dt
t
1
Position:
At t = 0,
x = x0 = 110 mm
At t = 3.651 s,
At t = 7 s,
x7 = 520 mm W
Distances traveled:
Over 0 t 3.651 s,
d1 = xmax x0 = 973.7 mm
Over 3.651 t 7 s,
d 2 = xmax x7 = 1603.7 mm
d = d1 + d 2 = 2577.4 mm
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
d = 2580 mm W
v
t
t
0.15 dv = 2 a dt = 2 0.15 dt
At t = 5 s,
When v = 0,
v5 = ( 0.15 )( 5 ) 0.45
0.15t 0.45 = 0
t = 3.00 s
For 0 t 3.00 s,
v 0,
x is decreasing.
For 3.00 t 5 s,
v 0,
x is increasing.
Determine position.
v5 = 0.300 m/s W
x
t
t
10 dx = 0 v dt = 0 ( 0.15t 0.45) dt
x ( 10 ) = 0.075t 2 0.45t
t
0
= 0.075t 2 0.45t
x = 0.075 t 2 0.45t 10 m
2
At t = 5 s,
x5 = 10.38 m W
At t = 0,
x0 = 10 m (given)
At t = 3.00 s,
Distances traveled:
Over 0 t 3.00 s,
d1 = x0 xmin = 0.675 m
d 2 = x5 xmin = 0.300 m
d = d1 + d 2 = 0.975 m
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
d = 0.975 m W
Given:
Separate variables and integrate.
v
t
2
0 dv = a dt = 0 ( 9 3t ) dt = 9
v 0 = 9 t t3
(a)
When v is zero.
v = t 9 t2
t (9 t 2 ) = 0
t = 0 and t = 3 s (2 roots)
(b)
t =3sW
x5=
9 2 1 4
t t
2
4
x=5+
At t = 4 s,
9 2 1 4
x4 = 5 + ( 4 ) ( 4 )
2
4
v4 = ( 4 ) 9 42
(c)
9 2 1 4
t t
2
4
x4 = 13 m W
v4 = 28 m/s W
Distance traveled.
Over 0 < t < 3 s,
v is positive, so x is increasing.
Over 3 s < t 4 s,
v is negative, so x is decreasing.
At t = 3 s,
9 2 1 4
x3 = 5 + ( 3) ( 3) = 25.25 m
2
4
At t = 3 s
d3 = x3 x0 = 25.25 5 = 20.25 m
At t = 4 s
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
d 4 = 32.5 m W
Separate variables
Integrate using
dv
= kt 2
dt
a=
Given:
dv = kt2 dt
v = 10 m/s when t = 0
10
2 2
10 dv = 0 kt dt
10
10
1 3
kt
3
[(10) (10)] = 3 k ( 2 )3 0
(a)
Solving for k,
(b)
Equations of motion.
k=
( 3)( 20 )
k = 7.5 m/s 4 W
v
10
1
= kt 3
3
1
v + 10 = ( 7.5 ) t 3
3
v = 10 + 2.5 t 3 m/s W
dx
= v = 10 + 2.5 t 3
dt
Then,
dx = 10 + 2.5 t 3 dt
x
dx
0
t
2
= 10 + 2.5 t 3 dt
x 0 = 10 t + 0.625 t 4
t
2
4
= 10 t + 0.0625 t ( 10 )( 2 ) + ( 0.625 )( 2 )
= 10 t + 0.625 t 4 [ 10]
x = 10 10t + 0.625t 4 m W
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
2
( 0.25 x )
vmax
0.32
= 160
2
2
2
0.25
0.4
( 0.15)2 = 1.8
= 160 0
2
2
vmax
= 3.69 m 2 /s 2
when x = 0.4 m,
and
v = 0 when x = xm
xm
2
0.25 x )
(
= 160
xm
2
= 80 ( 0.25 xm ) + ( 80 )( 0.15 )
0.4
( 0.25 xm )2 = 0.02306
0.25 xm = 0.1519 m
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
a is a function of x:
0 v dv = 0.2100 ( 0.25 x ) dx
v
1 2
1
2
v 0 = (100 )( 0.25 x )
2
2
0.2
= 50 ( 0.25 x ) + 0.125
2
So
v 2 = 0.25 100 ( 0.25 x )
Use
Integrate:
dx = v dt
t
x
0 dt = 0.2
Let u = 20 ( 0.25 x ) ;
So
Solve for u.
or
dt =
or
dx
dx
=
2
v
0.5 1 400 ( 0.25 x )
dx
0.5 1 400 ( 0.25 x )
when x = 0.2 u = 1
and du = 20dx
1
1 1
= m sin 1 u = m
t = m
sin u
2
10
10
2
10 1 u
1
u
1
du
sin 1 u =
m 10t
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
1
sin10t
2
x = 0.25
v=
1
cos10t
20
1
cos ( (10 )( 0.2 ) )
20
1
sin ( (10 )( 0.2 ) )
2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x = 0.271 m W
v = 0.455 m/s W
Use
v = 7.5 ft/s
and
v = 15 ft/s
15
0.45
7.5 v dv = 0
v2
2
(15)2
2
15
7.5
( 600x + 600kx ) dx
3
600 2 600 4
=
x +
kx
4
2
( 7.5)2
2
when x = 0,
0.45
0
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
k = 3.84 ft 2 W
v dv = a dx = 800 x + 3200 x3 dx
Use
v 2 (10 )
= 400 x 2 + 800 x 4
2
2
2
Let u = x 2
Then
u1,2 =
800
800 0
= 0.25 0
3200
u1 = u2 = 0.25 ft 2
So
Taking square roots,
ft 2 /s 2
v = 40 x 2 + 0.52 ft/s
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Use
dx = v dt
40dt =
t
dt =
or
dx
x + 0.52
x
x=0
when
t=0
dx
1
x
=
tan 1
2
0.5
0.5
x + 0.5
2
Use limit
40 0 dt = 0
dx
dx
=
2
v
40 x + 0.52
tan 1 ( 2 x ) = 20t
or
or
dx
= 0.5 sec2 ( 20t ) ( 20 ) = 10 sec2 ( 20t )
dt
At t = 0, v = 10 ft/s, which agrees with the given data if the minus sign is rejected.
Thus,
At t = 0.05 s,
and
10
cos 2 1.0
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
v = 34.3 ft/s W
x = 0.779 ft W
a = 12 x 28 = 12 x m/s 2
3
v
v dv
8
v2
2
x
x
0
7
= 12
dx
3
12
7
= x
2
3
2
2
v 2 82 12
7
7
=
x
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
7
7
4
7
v = 8 + 12 x = 12 x
3
3
3
3
7
4
v = 12 x
3
3
v = 0 when x = xmax
2
7
4
12 x = 0
3
3
7
1
=
3
3
or
7
1
x 3 = 9
xmax = 2 m
and
xmax =
8
2
m=2 m
3
3
Now observe that the particle starts at x = 0 with v > 0 and reaches x = 2 m. At x = 2 m, v = 0 and
2
a < 0, so that v becomes negative and x decreases. Thus, x = 2 m is never reached.
3
xmax = 2 m !
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
The particle will have traveled total distance d = 3 m when d xmax = xmax x or 3 2 = 2 x
or x = 1 m.
2
7
4
7
4
v = 12 1 = 20
3
3
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
v = 4.47 m/s !
a = k 1 e x
v2
2
= k x + e x
9
92
= k 0 + 1 ( 3) e3 = 16.0855k
2
k = 2.52 m/s 2 W
k = 2.5178
(a)
0 v dv = 0 2.5178 (1 e
v
v2
= 2.5178 x + e x
2
) dx
= 2.5178 x + e x 1
v 2 = 5.0356 x + e x 1
v = 2.2440 x + e x 1
1/2
(b) Letting x = 2 m,
v = 2.2440 2 + e2 1
1/ 2
= 4.70 m/s
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
dv
= 6.8 e0.00057 x
dx
x
0 v dv = 0 6.8 e
0.00057 x
dx
v2
6.8
e0.00057 x
0=
2
0.00057
= 11930 1 e0.00057 x
x
0
When v = 30 m/s.
( 30 )2
2
= 11930 1 e0.00057 x
1 e0.00057 x = 0.03772
e0.00057 x = 0.96228
0.00057 x = ln (0.96228) = 0.03845
x = 67.5 m W
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Given:
dv
= 0.4v
dx
dv
= 0.4
dx
or
75 dv = 0.4 0
v 75 = 0.4 x
x = 187.5 mm W
0.75
75
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
t = 11.51 s W
Given:
dv
= kv2
dx
v
x
9 v = k 0 dx
ln
v
= kx
9
7
= ( k )(13)
9
x=
k = 19.332 103 m 1
1
v
v
ln = 51.728 ln
9
9
k
x = 56.8 m W
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x=W
x0 = 0,
v0 = 25 ft/s
1
dx = v1/2dv
k
1
x
v
3/2
x0 dx = k v0 vdv = 3k v
x x0 =
2 3/2
v0 v3/2
3k
or
x=
v
v0
2
2
( 25)3/2 v3/2 = 125 v3/2
3k
3k
Then,
6=
2
55.62
125 123/2 =
3k
k
x=
2
125 v3/2 = 0.071916 125 v3/2
( 3)( 9.27 )
k = 9.27 ft/s3
or
3/2
v = 5.74 ft/s W
dv = a dt = k vdt
(b)
dt =
t =
1 dv
k v1/ 2
v
1
2 1/2
2 v1/2 =
v0 v1/2
v0
k
k
1/2
At rest, v = 0
( 2 )( 25)
2v1/2
t = 0 =
9.27
k
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
t = 1.079 s W
v
e 0.00057 x = 1
154
v 2
0.00057 x = ln 1
154
v 2
x = 1754.4 ln 1
154
(1)
a as a function of x.
v 2 = 23716 1 e0.00057
a=v
dv
d v2
0.0005 x
=
= (11858 )( 0.00057 ) e
dx dx 2
v 2
a = 6.75906 e 0.00057 x = 6.75906 1
154
(2)
(a) v = 20 m/s.
x = 29.8 m e
From (1),
x = 29.843
From (2),
a = 6.64506
a = 6.65 m/s2 e
From (1),
x = 122.54
x = 122.5 m e
From (2),
a = 6.30306
a = 6.30 m/s2 e
(b) v = 40 m/s.
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
0.3
dx
dx
=
v
7.5(1 0.04 x)0.3
t
x
or [t ]t0 =
1 0.04 x0.7 }
{
0 dt = 7.5 0
0.3
0
( 7.5) ( 0.7 )( 0.04 )
(1 0.04 )
dx
t = 4.7619 1 (1 0.04 x )
1/0.7
x = 25 1 (1 0.210t )
Solving for x,
0.7
(1)
x = 7.15 km W
1/0.7
x = 25 1 1 ( 0.210 )(1)
When t = 1 h,
(b) Acceleration when t = 0.
dv
= (7.5)(0.3)( 0.04)(1 0.04 x)0.7 = 0.0900(1 0.04 x) 0.7
dx
When t = 0 and x = 0,
v = 7.5 km/h,
a=v
dv
0.0900 h 1
dx
dv
= (7.5)(0.0900) = 0.675 km/h 2
dx
(0.675)(1000)
m/s 2
(3600)2
t = 4.7619 1 1 ( 0.04 )( 6 )
0.7
} = 0.8323 h
t = 49.9 min W
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Then,
v dv =
gR 2dr
r2
dr
0
2
vesc v dv = gR R r 2
1 2
v
2
0
vesc
1
= gR 2
r
1 2
1
vesc = gR 2 0
2
R
vesc = 2 gR
vesc =
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
32.2
y
1 + 20.9 106
vdv = ady =
32.2dy
y
1 + 20.9 106
Integrate, using the conditions v = v0 at y = 0 and v = 0 at y = ymax . Also, use g = 32.2 ft/s 2 and
R = 20.9 106 ft.
0
v
v0
dv = g
dy
(1 + )
y
R
gR 2 0
dy
( R + y )2
gRymax
1 2
1
1
=
v0 = gR 2
R + ymax
2
R + ymax R
ymax =
ymax =
ymax
ymax
ymax
v0
1
= gR
R + y
( 20.9 10 ) ( 2400 )
=
(1.34596 10 ) ( 2400)
( 20.9 10 ) ( 4000)
=
(1.34596 10 ) ( 4000)
( 20.9 10 ) ( 40000)
=
(1.34596 10 ) ( 40000 )
ymax
Rv02
2 gR v02
1 2
v
2
= negative
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
v = v0 = v sin
sin =
or
v0
v
(1)
sin ( nt1 + ) = 0
Using
dx
=v
dt
cos ( nt1 + ) = 1
and
dx = v dt
or
cos ( nt + )
Integrating,
x=C
At t = 0,
x = x0 = C
Then,
x = x0 +
xmax = x0 +
n
v
cos
cos
cos +
cos =
With xmax = 2 x0 ,
cos =
C = x0 +
or
sin 2 + cos 2 = 1,
cos
cos ( nt + )
(3)
( xmax x0 ) n
v
x0 n
1
v
(4)
2
Using
(2)
or
v0
x0 n
v + v 1 = 1
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
v =
(v
2
0
+ x02 n2
2 x0 n
(5) W
a=
(b) Acceleration:
dv
= v n cos ( nt + )
dt
Then,
cos ( nt2 + ) = 0
= 2 x0
cos = x0 +
v x0 n
v
1 = 2 x0
n v
n
3
1 v02
v02 + x02 n2
= x0
2 x0 n2
( 2x0 n ) n 2
3
x0
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
( )
v0
x0 n
t
dx
= v = v0 1 sin
dt
T
t
x
t
t
0 dx = 0 v dt = 0 v0 1 sin T dt
x
0
vT
t
= v0t + 0 cos
T
x = v0t +
When t = 3T ,
v0T
x = 3v0T +
cos
t
T
t
0
v0T
(1)
v0T
vT
2
cos ( 3 ) 0 = 3 v0T
T
x = 2.36v0T W
a=
When t = 3T ,
v
t
dv
= 0 cos
dt
T
T
a=
v0
T
cos 3
a=
v0
T
v0T
cos
= v0T 1
v0T
Average velocity is
vave =
x x1 x0
2
=
= 1 v0
T
t
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
vave = 0.363v0 W
dv
dt
8.2
27.7778
0 a dt = 2.7778 v dt
a = 3.05 m/s 2 W
dv
=
dx
44
0
0 a dx = 27.7778 v dv =
a ( x)
44
0
( )
1
= v2
2
44 a =
0
27.7778
1
( 27.7778)2
2
a = 8.77 m/s 2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
a=
a=
at = v v0
a=
0 a dt = v0 dv
v v0
t
27.7778 2.7778
= 3.04878 m/s 2
8.2
v = v0 + at = 2.7778 + 3.04878 t
t
8.2
x = 0 v dv = 0 2.7778 + 3.04878 t ) dt
= ( 2.7778 )( 8.2 ) + (1.52439 )( 8.2 )
x = 125.3 m W
ax =
a=
dv
dx
0 a dx = v0 v dv
v 2 v0 2
2
2
1 2
1
v v02 =
0 27.77782
2x
( 2 )( 44 )
= 8.7682 m/s 2
a=
dv
dt
0 a dt = v0 dv
at = v v0
t=
v v0 0 27.7778
=
8.7682
a
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
t = 3.17 s W
v0 = v A = 0,
x0 = x A = 0
v = v0 + at = at
x = x0 + v0t +
1 2 1 2
at = at
2
2
At point B,
x = xB = 2700 ft
a=
(b) Then,
(1)
and
2 x ( 2 )( 2700 )
=
t2
( 30 )2
vB = at = ( 6 )( 30 )
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
(2)
t = 30 s
a = 6 ft/s 2 W
vB = 180 ft/s W
Constant acceleration.
v = v0 + at
(1)
x = x0 + v0t +
Then,
x = x0 + v0t +
At t = 6 s,
v=
540 =
v=
1
v0
2
x6 = 540 ft
and
1
1
v0 + v0 ( 6 ) = 4.5v0
2
2
or
v0 =
540
= 120 ft/s
4.5
1
v0 = 60 ft/s
2
60 120
60
=
ft/s 2 = 10 ft/s 2
6
6
a=
v = 120 10t
x = 0 + 120t
or
(3)
1 v v0 2
1
1
t = x0 + ( v0 + v ) t = ( v0 + v ) t
2 t
2
2
At stopping, v = 0
(2)
v v0
t
a=
1 2
at
2
120 10ts = 0
1
(10 ) t 2
2
ts = 12 s
x = 0 + (120 )(12 )
1
(10 )(12 )2 = 720 ft
2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
t = 6 s W
d = 180 ft W
1 2
at
2
2x
t2
( 2 )(130 )
( 25)2
a = 0.416 m/s W
v f = 10.40 m/s W
t =
x
270
=
= 25.96 s
v
10.40
t = 25 + 25.96
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
t = 51.0 s W
y1 = 27.5 m
y f = y1 + v1t +
v1 =
t = 16 s.
and
y f y1 +
1 2
1
at = y1 + v1t gt 2
2
2
1
2
gt 2
0 27.5 +
1
2
( 9.81)(16 )2
16
= 76.76 m/s
v1 = 76.8 m/s W
v 2 v12
2g
ymax = 27.5
0 ( 76.76 )
( 2 )( 9.81)
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
ymax = 328 m W
( x A )0 = 0, ( vA )0 = 0,
a A = 0.75 m/s 2
x A = ( x A )0 + ( v A )0 t +
1
1
a At 2 = 0 + 0 + ( 0.75 ) t 2
2
2
x A = 0.375t 2 m
Motion of bus.
( xB )0 = ?, ( vB )0 = 6 m/s,
aB = 0
xB = ( xB )0 ( vB )0 t = ( xB )0 6t m
At t = 20 s, xB = 0.
0 = ( xB )0 ( 6 )( 20 )
Hence,
( xB )0 = 120 m
xB = 120 6 t
( 2 )( 0.375)
6 14.697
= 11.596 s
0.75
and 27.6 s
t = 11.60 s W
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x = 50.4 m W
x A = ( x A )0 + ( v A )0 t +
Motion of B: ( xB )0 = 25 m, ( vB )0
1
aBt 2 = 25 + 6.3889t 0.2 t 2
2
x A = xB
( 2 )( 0.5)
A moves 68.0 m W
B moves 43.0 m W
(b) Corresponding speeds.
v A = 4.1667 + ( 0.6 )( 9.6343) = 9.947 m/s
v A = 35.8 km/h W
vB = 9.13 km/h W
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x = v0t +
Solving for a,
a=
1 2
at
2
2 ( x v0t )
t2
Using x = 1200 ft and the initial velocities and elapsed times for each horse,
Calculating x1 x2 ,
a1 =
a2 =
x1 x2 = ( v1 v2 ) t +
1
( a1 a2 ) t 2
2
x1 x2 = ( 20.4 21) t +
1
( 0.028872 ) ( 0.053070 ) t 2
2
= 0.6t + 0.012099 t 2
At point B,
(a)
x1 x2 = 0
tB =
0.6tB + 0.012099 t B2 = 0
0.6
= 49.59 s
0.012099
Horse 1:
Horse 2:
xB = ( 20.4 )( 49.59 ) +
1
( 0.028872 )( 49.59 )2
2
xB = ( 21)( 49.59 ) +
xB = 976 ft W
1
( 0.05307 )( 49.59 )2 = 976 ft
2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x = 8.86 ft W
Constant acceleration a = g
Rocket A:
x = 0, v = v0 , t = 0
Rocket B:
x = 0, v = v0 , t = t B = 4 s
Rocket A: v A = v0 gt
Velocities:
Rocket B: vB = v0 g ( t t B )
Rocket A: x A = v0t
Positions:
1 2
gt
2
Rocket B: xB = v0 ( t t B )
1
2
g ( t tB ) ,
2
t tB
1 2
1
1
1
2
gt E = v0 ( t E t B ) g ( t E t B ) = v0t E v0t B gt E2 + gt E t B gt B2
2
2
2
2
gt B
2
Solving for v0 ,
v0 = gt E
Then, when t = t E ,
gt
1
x A = gt E B t E gt E2 ,
2
2
Solving for t E ,
tE =
(1)
t B t B2 + ( 4 )(1)
or
( ) = 4
2 xA
g
t E2 t Bt E
2xA
=0
g
2 )( 240 )
( 4 )2 + ( 4)(1)(32.2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
= 6.35 s
(b)
v0 = ( 32.2 )( 6.348 )
v A = v0 gt E
( 32.2 )( 4 )
2
v0 = 140.0 ft/s
vB = v0 g ( t E t B )
vB v A = gt B = ( 32.2 )( 4 )
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
At t = 8 s,
v A ( v A )0
t
63.33 46.67
8
x A = ( x A )0 + ( v A )0 t +
(b)
1
a At 2
2
a A = 2.08 m/s 2 W
xB = ( x B ) 0 + ( vB ) 0 t +
1
aBt 2
2
1
x A xB = ( x A )0 ( xB )0 + ( v A )0 ( vB )0 t + ( a A aB ) t 2
2
When t = 0,
( x A )0 ( xB )0 = 38 m
When t = 8 s,
Hence,
and
( vB ) 0 ( v A ) 0 = 0
x A xB = 0
0 = 38 +
1
( a A aB )(8)2 ,
2
or
a A aB = 1.1875
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
aB = 3.27 m/s 2 W
( v A )0 = 0
Using
x A = ( x A )0 + ( v A )0 t =
and
and
v A = a At
1
a At 2
2
( xA )0 = 0 gives
xA =
and
1
a At 2
2
2 x A ( 2 )( 90 ) 180
=
=
aA
aA
aA
v A = a At1
and
For 0 t 5 s,
For t > 5 s,
vB = ( vB )0 + aB ( t 5 ) = 26.667 +
v A = vB
a At1 = 26.667
7
5
a At1 a A = 26.667
6
6
t1 =
Using
Let u =
or
1
,
aA
1
aA ( t 5)
6
1
a A ( t1 5 )
6
or
7t1 5 =
160
aA
180
7 180
160
gives
5=
aA
aA
aA
7 180u 5 = 160u 2
160u 2 7 180u + 5 = 0
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
( 49 )(180 ) ( 4 )(160 )( 5)
( 2 )(160 )
7 180
= 0.0592125
aA =
and
93.915 74.967
320
0.52776
1
= 285.2 m/s
u2
and
3.590 m/s
180
= 0.794 s,
285.2
t1 =
and
180
= 7.08 s
3.590
Thus,
t = t1 = 7.08 s W
xB = ( xB )0 ( vB )0 t = d 26.667t
xB = d ( 22.667 )( 5 ) = d 133.33
At t = 5 s,
xB = d 133.33 + ( vB )0 ( t 5 ) +
For t > 5 s,
xB = d 133.33 26.667 ( t 5 ) +
When t = t1 = 7.08 s,
1
2
aB ( t 5 )
2
1 3.59
2
(t 5)
2 6
xB = x A = 90
90 = d
( 3.59 )( 2.08)
133.33 ( 26.667 )( 2.08 ) +
( 2 )( 6 )
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
d = 278 m W
For t > 0,
x A = ( x A )0 + ( v A )0 t +
For t > 2 s,
xB = ( x B ) 0 + ( v B ) 0 ( t 2 ) +
or
For x A = xB ,
or
or
x A = 3.25t 2
1
1
2
2
aB ( t 2 ) = 0 + 0 + (11.7 )( t 2 )
2
2
(a )
x A = xB = ( 3.25 )( 7.8541)
(b)
x = 200 ft W
v A = ( v A )0 + a At = 0 + ( 6.5 )( 7.8541)
v A = 51.1 ft/s W
vB = ( vB )0 + aB ( t 2 ) = 0 + (11.7 )( 7.8541 2 )
vB = 68.5 ft/s W
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
( x A )0 = 0
Also,
and
( xB )0 = 0.62 mi = 3273.6 ft
and
( 40 )
1
aBt 2
2
( 42 )
2 x A ( x A )0 ( v A )0 t
t2
= 0.895 ft/s 2
aB =
or
2 0 3273.6 ( 57.2 )( 42 )
2
aA =
or
2 3273.6 0 ( 99.73)( 40 )
xB = ( x B ) 0 + ( v B ) 0 +
aB =
1
a At 2
2
a A = 0.895 ft/s 2
2 xB ( xB )0 ( vB )0 t
t2
= 0.988 ft/s 2
aB = 0.988 ft/s 2
( x A )0 + ( v A )0 t +
0 + 99.73t +
1
1
a At 2 = ( xB )0 + ( vB )0 t + aBt 2
2
2
1
1
( 0.895) t 2 = 3273.6 57.2t + ( 0.988) t 2
2
2
t = 20.7 s W
(c) Speed of B.
vB = ( vB )0 + aBt = 57.2 + ( 0.988 )( 20.7 ) = 77.7 ft/s
vB = 77.7 ft/s W
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
or
vB = 2v A = ( 2 )(1) = 2 m/s
or
vC = 2vB = ( 2 )( 2 ) = 4 m/s
(a)
(b)
(c)
vB/ A = vB v A = 2 1
vC = 4 m/s
v B/ A = 1 m/s
v D/ A = 3 m/s
xD + xC = constant, vD + vC = 0
vD = vC = 4 m/s
vD/ A = vD v A = 4 1
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
or
vB = 2v A
and
aB = 2a A
or
vC = 2vB ,
and
aC = 2aB = 4a A
(a ) a A =
v A2 ( v A )0
2 x A ( x A )0
a A = 0.04 m/s 2
aC = 0.16 m/s 2
vB = 0.16 m/s
xB = 0.16 m
1
1
2
aBt 2 = ( 0.08 )( 2 ) = 0.16 m
2
2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
xB + 2 xD = constant
vB = v A
or
1
1
vD = v B = v A
2
2
( xC xB ) + ( xC xD ) = constant
or
2vC + v A
1
vA = 0
2
v A = 8 ft/s
v A = 8 ft/s
vD = 4 ft/s
1
v A = 4 ft/s
2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
vB = v A
a A + aB = 0
aB = a A
xB + 2 xD = constant
1
1
v D = vB = v A
2
2
a B + 2aD = 0
1
1
aD = a A = a A
2
2
( xC xB ) + ( xC xD ) = constant
2vC + v A = 0
2aC aB aD = 0
2aC +
1
aA = 0
2
1
aC = a A
4
v A/D = v A vD =
1
vA
2
a A/D = a A aD =
1
aA
2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
2v A/D
t
(2)(8)
= 3.2 ft/s 2
5
a A = 3.2 ft/s 2
1
aC = a A = 0.8 ft/s 2
4
aC = 0.8 ft/s 2
aE = 3.2 ft/s 2
xB + xE = constant
aB + aE = 0
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
2 x A + xB + ( xB x A ) = constant
2vB + v A = 0
v A = 2vB
2 x A + xC = constant
2v A + vC = 0
vC = 2v A
v A = 600 mm/s
vC = 1200 mm/s
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
or
1
vB = v A ,
2
and
1
aB = a A
2
or
2
v A = v B/A
3
2
( 610 ) = 406.67 mm/s
3
aA =
v A ( v A )0
t
406.67 0
= 50.8 mm/s2
8
1
1
aB = a A = ( 50.8 )
2
2
a A = 50.8 mm/s 2
aB = 25.4 mm/s 2
vB = 152.5 mm/s
xB = 458 mm
1
1
2
aBt 2 = ( 25.4 )( 6 )
2
2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Constraint of cable:
2vB 3v A = 0
vA =
or
2
vB
3
(d
and
2
aB
3
x A + d xD ) = constant
vD = v A
or
aA =
and
aD = a A
( vB )0 = 6 in./s
2
3
( vA )0 = ( 6 ) = 4 in./s
2
v A2 ( v A )0 = 2a A x A ( x A )0
2
aA =
aB =
v A2 ( v A )0
2 x A ( x A )0
( 2.4 )2 ( 4 )2
( 2 )(10 )
= 0.512 in./s 2
3
3
a A = ( 0.512 ) = 0.768 in./s 2
2
2
aD = a A = ( 0.512 )
a A = 0.512 in./s 2
aB = 0.768 in./s 2
aD = 0.512 in./s 2
vB = 2.93 in./s
xB = 17.86 in.
1
1
2
aBt 2 = ( 6 )( 4 ) + ( 0.768 )( 4 )
2
2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
xB + ( xB x A ) + 2 ( d x A ) = constant
(a) Velocity of A:
vA =
2
2
vB = (12 )
3
3
v A = 8.00 in./s
vC = 24 in./s
vD = v A = 8.00 in./s
vD = 8.00 in./s
vC/ A = vC v A = 24 8
xB + xB xC = constant
(b) Velocity of C:
vC = 2vB = 2 (12 )
d x A + d xC = constant
(c) Velocity of D:
(d) Relative velocity.
2vB 3v A = 0
2vB vC = 0
v A + vD = 0,
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Constraint of cable:
4vC 2vB 3v A = 0
vB = 50 mm/s
When t = 0,
( vC )0 =
(a)
and
(1, 2)
( va )0 = 100 mm/s
1
1
2vB + 3 ( v A ) = ( 2 )( 50 ) + ( 3)(100 )
0
4
4
( xD xA ) + ( xC
Constraint of point D:
4aC 2aB 3a A = 0
( vC )0 = 50 mm/s
x A ) + ( xC xB ) xB = constant
vD + 2vC 2v A 2vB = 0
( vD )0 = 2 ( v A )0 + 2vB 2 ( vC )0 = ( 2 )(100 ) + ( 2 )( 50 ) ( 2 )( 50 )
(b)
xC ( xC )0 = ( vC )0 t +
(c)
aC =
( vD ) 0 = 0
1
aC t 2
2
2 xC ( xC )0 ( vC )0 t
t
2 40 ( 50 )( 2 )
( 2)
= 30 mm/s 2
aC = 30 mm/s 2
a A = 40 mm/s 2
1
1
( 4aC 2aB ) = ( 4 )( 30 ) ( 2 )( 0 ) = 40 mm/s2
3
3
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Constraint of cable:
4vC 2vB 3v A = 0
4aC 2aB 3a A = 0
and
At t = 2 s,
vC =
vB = 30 mm/s
and
1
1
( 2vB + 3v A ) = ( 2 )( 30 ) + ( 3)( 420 ) = 300 mm/s
4
4
( vC )0 = 0
vC = ( vC )0 + aC t
aB =
aC =
vC ( vC )0
t
300 0
2
aC = 150 mm/s 2
aB = 105 mm/s 2
( vA )0 = 120 mm/s
( vB )0 = 180 mm/s
1
1
( 4aC 3a A ) = ( 4 )(150 ) ( 3)( 270 ) = 105 mm/s2
2
2
v B = ( vB ) 0 a B t
Constraint of point E:
2 ( xC x A ) + ( xE x A ) = constant
vE 3v A + 2vC = 0
(c)
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
( xB xA ) + ( xC
Constraint of cable.
x A ) + 2 ( xC xB ) = constant
3xC xB 2 x A = constant
3vC vB 2v A = 0
3aC aB 2a A = 0
Motion of block C.
( v A )0 = 0,
( vC )0 =
aC =
1
( vB ) + 2 ( v A ) = 6 in./s
0
0
3
1
1
( aB + 2aA ) = 0 + ( 2 )( 3.6 ) = 2.4 in./s2
3
3
vC = ( vC )0 + aC t = 6 1.2t
xC ( xC )0 = ( vC )0 t +
1
aC t 2 = 6t 0.6t 2
2
(a) Time at vC = 0.
0 = 6 2.4t
t = 2.5 s W
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
xC ( xC )0 = 7.5 in.
( xB xA ) + ( xC
Constraint of cable:
x A ) + 2 ( xC xB ) = constant
3xC xB 2 x A = constant
3vC vB 2v A = 0
3aC aB 2a A = 0
Motion of block C.
( vA )0 = 0,
( vB )0 = 0,
a A = 2.5t in./s 2 ,
( vC )0 =
aC =
aB = 15 in./s 2
1
( vB ) + 2 ( v A ) = 0
0
0
3
1
1
( aB + 2a A ) = (15 5t ) in./s2
3
3
vC = ( vC )0 + 0 aC dt
t
=0+
xC ( xC )0 =
1
15t 2.5t 2 in./s
3
1
7.5t 2 0.83333t 3 in.
3
(a) Time at vC = 0
1
15t 2.5t 2 = 0
t = 0 and t = 6 s
3
(b) Corresponding position of block C.
1
2
3
xC ( xC )0 = 0 + ( 7.5 )( 6 ) ( 0.83333)( 6 )
3
0+
t =6sW
xC ( xC )0 = 30 in. W
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
2x A + 2 xB + xC = constant,
2v A + 2vB + vC = 0
2a A + 2aB + aC = 0
(1)
( xD xA ) + ( xD xB ) = constant,
2vD v A vB = 0
2aD aB a A = 0
Given:
aC/B = aC aB = 120
Given:
aD/ A = aD a A = 220
(2)
aC = aB 120
or
(3)
aD = a A + 220
or
(4)
or
2a A + 3aB = 120
(5)
2 ( a A + 220 ) a A aB = 0
or
a A aB = 440
(6)
aB = 200 mm/s 2
and
and
aD = 20 mm/s 2
vC = 480 mm/s W
1
1
2
aDt 2 = 0 + ( 20 )(10 ) = 1000 mm
2
2
xD = 1.000 m
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
2v A + 2vB + vC = 0,
( vA )0 = ( vB )0 = ( vC )0 = 0,
2
aB/ A =
vB2/ A
2 ( xB x A )
xB/ A = xB/ A
t2 =
vB2/ A 0 = 2aB/ A ( xB x A 0 )
402
= 10 mm/s 2
2 (160 80 )
2xB/ A
aB/ A
2 ( xB x A )
t=
or
aA =
2 x A ( x A )0 ( v A )0 t
t
aB/ A
2 (160 80 )
10
2 ( 80 0 )
( 4)
=4s
1
a At 2
2
x A ( x A )0 = ( v A )0 t +
(a)
( xB/A )0 = 0, ( vB/A )0 = 0
( xA )0 = ( xB )0 = ( xC )0 ,
2a A + 2aB + aC = 0
a A = 10 mm/s 2 W
aB = 20 mm/s 2 W
aB = a A + aB/ A = 10 + 10
aC = ( 2aB + 2a A ) = ( 2 )( 20 ) + ( 2 )(10 ) = 60 mm/s
vC = ( vC )0 + aC t
t=
vC ( vC )0
aC
300 0
=5s
60
( xD xA ) + ( xD xB ) = constant,
1
1
( a A + aB ) = (10 + 20 ) = 15 mm/s
2
2
1
1
2
= ( vD )0 t + aDt 2 = 0 + (15 )( 5 )
xD = 187.5 mm W
2
2
2aD a A aB = 0,
(b)
xD ( x D ) 0
2vD v A vB = 0
aD =
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
at curve
A1 = 12 m/s, A2 = 8 m/s
(a)
vt curve
v6 = 4 m/s
v0 = v6 A1 = 4 ( 12 ) = 8 m/s
v10 = 4 m/s
(b)
v14 = v10 + A2 = 4 + 8
v14 = 4 m/s W
A3 = 16 m, A4 = 4 m
A5 = 16 m, A6 = 4 m
A7 = 4 m
(a)
xt curve
x0 = 0
x4 = x0 + A3 = 16 m
x6 = x4 + A4 = 12 m
x10 = x6 + A5 = 4 m
x12 = x10 + A6 = 8 m
x14 = x12 + A7
(b)
x14 = 4 m W
Distance traveled:
0 t 4 s,
d1 = 16 0 = 16 m
4 s t 12 s,
d 2 = 8 16 = 24 m
12 s t 14 s,
d3 = 4 ( 8 ) = 4 m
d = 16 + 24 + 4
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
d = 44 m W
A1 = 12 m/s, A2 = 8 m/s
vt curve
v0 = 8 m/s
v6 = v0 + A1 = 8 + ( 12 ) = 4 m/s
v10 = v6 = 4 m/s
v14 = v10 + A2 = 4 + 8 = 4 m/s
A3 = 16 m, A4 = 4 m
A5 = 16 m, A6 = 4 m
A7 = 4 m
xt curve
x0 = 0
x4 = x0 + A3 = 16 m
x6 = x4 + A4 = 12 m
x10 = x6 + A5 = 4 m
x12 = x10 + A6 = 8 m
x14 = x12 + A7 = 4 m
dx
= v = 8 2t
dt
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
8
0
= 8t t 2
or
0
8 = 8t1 t12
t12 8t1 + 8 = 0
or
(8)2 ( 4 )(1)(8)
( 2 )(1)
= 4 2.828 = 1.172 s
and
6.828 s
x = 12 4 ( t 6 ) = 36 4t
Setting x = 8,
8 = 36 4t2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
or
t2 = 7 s
( t2 t1 ) = 5.83 s W
a=0W
a=
a=
18 6
= 1.5 ft/s 2 W
18 10
18 18
= 3 ft/s 2 W
30 18
30 s < t < 40 s
a=0W
A2 =
1
(6 + 18)(18 10) = 96 ft
2
A3 =
1
(18)(24 18) = 54 ft
2
A4 =
1
(18)(30 24) = 54 ft
2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
v = 0, i.e. t = 24 s.
xmax = 162 ft W
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x0 = 48 ft
18 s < t < 30 s,
a=0!
a=
a=
18 6
= 1.5 ft/s 2 !
18 10
18 18
= 3 ft/s 2 !
30 18
30 s < t < 40 s,
a=0!
curve.
A1 = (10)(6) = 60 ft
A2 =
1
(6 + 18)(18 10) = 96 ft
2
A3 =
1
(18)(24 18) = 54 ft
2
A4 =
1
(18)(30 24) = 54 ft
2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
(a)
d1 = x24 x0 = 210 ft
For 24 s t 30 s
d 2 = x30 x24 = 54 ft
d = d1 + d 2
Total distance.
(b)
d = 264 ft !
In the range
x = x0 + v0t = 48 + 6t
Set x = 0.
48 + 6t1 = 0
t1 = 8 s !
Set x = 0.
648 18t2 = 0
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
t2 = 36 s !
A1 = ( 3)( 20 ) = 60 in.
v = at1 = 2t1 in./s
A2 =
1
( v ) t1 = t12 in.
2
A3 = ( v )( 20 t1 ) = 2t1 ( 20 t1 ) in.
x = 12 ft = 144 in.
Distance traveled:
or
t1 =
Reject the larger root.
40 402 ( 4 )(1)( 84 )
( 2 )(1)
= 2.224 s
and
37.8 s
t1 = 2.224 s
v = 2t1 = 4.45 in./s
vmax = 3 + v = 3 + 4.45
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
1
(180 + 44 ) t1 = 112t1 ft
2
A2 = 44t2
A3 =
1
( 44 ) t3 = 22t3
2
Changes in position:
Using xi = Ai gives
t1 =
100
= 0.893 s
112
t2 =
1700
= 38.64 s
44
t3 =
100
= 4.55 s
22
t1 + t2 + t3 = 44.1 s W
a=
v ( 44 ) ( 180 )
=
t
0.893
a = 152.3 ft/s 2 W
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Data:
(b)
1
1
( v0 + v1 ) t1 = (17.778 + 8.889 ) t1
2
2
t1 = 300 s W
Velocity v2.
x2 x1 = 800 = A2 =
1
1
( v1 + v2 )( t2 t1 ) = ( v1 + v2 )( 450 300 )
2
2
v2 + v1 = 10.667 m
v2 = 10.667 8.889
(c)
v2 = 1.778 m/s W
Final deceleration.
a12 =
v2 v1 1.778 8.889
=
= 0.0474 m/s 2
t2 t1
450 300
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
10
20
+
= 0.1722 h
60 3600
A1 = 60t1
ta =
60
a
tb =
25
a
tc =
35
a
1
1
1
1
( 60 ) ( ta ) ( 25) tb = 60 t1 1800 312.5
2
2
a
a
A1 = 5 mi
But
60t1 2112.5
1
=5
a
(1)
1
a
A2 = 8 5 = 3 mi
35t1 + 612.5
1
,
a
1
= 3.0278
a
(2)
(16.616 10 ) (5280)
3
( 3600 )
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
a = 6.77 ft/s 2 W
v0 = 20 ft/s, v1 = 6 ft/s
A1 = 6t1
A2 =
1
( 40 6 ) t1 = 17t1
2
v1 = v0 + A1 + A2
6 = 20 6t1 17t1
(a)
t1 = 0.6087 s
t1 = 0.609 s W
t2 = 1.4 s
t2 t1 = 0.7913 s
(b)
x2 = x0 + v0t2 + ( A1 + A3 ) x13 + A2 x2
v2 = 1.252 ft/s W
by moment-area method
1
1
= 0 + v0t2 + ( A1 + A3 ) t2 + A2 t2 t1
2
3
0.6087
1
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x2 = 9.73 ft W
Note that
Runner A:
A1 =
1
( 4 )( v A )max = 2 ( vA )max
2
A2 = 21( v A )max
A1 + A2 = x =
5280 ft
= 660 ft
8
23 ( v A )max = 660
t1 = 5 s,
Runner B:
A1 =
or
( vA )max
= 28.696 ft/s
t2 = 25.2 5 = 20.2 s
1
( 5)( vB )max = 2.5 ( vB )max
2
A2 = 20.2 ( vB )max
A1 + A2 = x = 660 ft
22.7 ( vB )max = 660
t3 =
vmax
= 29.075 ft/s
v = a t3 = 0.3t3
( vB )max
or
1
vt3 = 660
2
or
(a)
= 3.3333 vmax
( vmax )2 396
26.736 s
t A = 25 + 26.736 = 51.736 s
t A = 51.7 s W
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
( t3 ) B = 167.58 s
and
26.257 s
t B = 25.2 + 26.257 = 51.457 s
t B = 51.5 s W
Velocity of A at t = 51.457 s:
v1 = 28.696 ( 0.3)( 51.457 25 ) = 20.759 ft/s
Velocity of A at t = 51.736 s:
v2 = 28.696 ( 0.3)( 51.736 25 ) = 20.675 ft/s
x = vave ( t ) =
1
( 20.759 + 20.675)( 51.736 51.457 )
2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x = 5.78 ft W
At t = 12 min = 720 s,
xtruck = (19.44 )( 720 ) = 14000 m
xbus = 14000 + 1200 = 15200 m
xbus = area under vt curve
1
( t1 120 )( 27.78) + ( 720 t1 )( 27.78) = 15200
2
t1 = 225.8 s
(a)
t2 = 576 s W
xtruck = (19.44 )( 576 ) = 11200 m
(b)
abus =
v v0
27.78 0
=
t1 120 225.8 120
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
xtruck = 11.20 km W
abus = 0.262 m/s 2 W
A2 =
x A = ( x A )0 + A1 + A2
xB = ( xB )0 + A1
xB/ A = xB/ A
)0 A2
0 = 60 50 22.5v A/B
(b)
aA =
v A ( v A )0
t
7.111 8.889
45
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
a A = 0.0395 m/s 2 W
13.2
= 0.14 ft/s 2
t1
13.2
= 94.29 s
0.14
1
A2 = (13.2 )( 94.29 ) = 622.3 m
2
t1 =
xB = ( xB )0 + A1
x A = ( x A )0 + A1 + A2
xB/ A = xB x A = ( xB )0 ( x A )0 A2 ,
d = A2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
or
0 = d A2
d = 622 m W
4t2 = 24
t2 = 6 s
Motion of elevator.
( xE )0 = 0
For 0 t1 6 s,
( vE )0 = 0
Moment of A1 about t = t1 :
4t1
t1
= 2t12
2
xE = ( xE )0 + ( vE )0 t1 + 2t12 = 2t12
Motion of ball. At t = 2,
( xB )0 = 40 ft
( vB )0 = 64 ft/s
A2 = 32.2 ( t1 2 ) ft/s
For t1 > 2 s,
Moment of A2 about t = t2 :
2
t 2
32.2 ( t1 2 ) 1
= 16.1( t1 2 )
2
xB = ( xB )0 + ( vB )0 ( t1 2 ) 16.1( t1 2 )
= 40 + 64 ( t1 2 ) 16.1( t1 2 )
xB = x E
40 + 64 ( t1 2 ) 16.1( t1 2 ) = 2t12
or
t1 = 1.507 s
and
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
5.59 s
t1 = 5.59 s W
Let x be the position of the front end of the car relative to the front end of the truck.
Let
v=
dx
dt
and
a=
dv
.
dt
The motion of the car relative to the truck occurs in 3 phases, lasting t1, t2, and t3 seconds, respectively.
Phase 1, acceleration.
a1 = 2 m/s 2
v2 = 90 km/h 54 km/h
= 36 km/h = 10 m/s
Phase 3, deceleration.
a3 = 8 m/s 2
Time of phase 1.
t1 =
v2 0 10 0
=
=5s
a1
2
Time of phase 3.
t3 =
0 v2 0 10
=
= 1.25 s
a2
8
A1 = t1v2 = 10 m/s
A3 = t3v = 10 m/s
Initial velocity. v0 = 0
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Final time.
t f = t1 + t2 + t3
x f = x0 + v0t f +
t1 = t f
Ai ti
1
t1
2
= 5 + t2 + 1.25 2.5
= 3.75 + t2
t2 =
1
t3 = 0.625 s
2
49.75
= 4.975 s
10
t f = t1 + t2 + t3 = 11.225 s
t f = 11.23 s W
Total time.
t1 + t2 = 9.975 s
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Let x be the position of the front end of the car relative to the front end of the truck.
Let
v=
dx
dt
and
a=
dv
.
dt
The motion of the car relative to the truck occurs in two phases, lasting t1 and t2 seconds,
respectively.
Phase 1, acceleration.
a1 = 2 m/s 2
Phase 2, deceleration.
a2 = 8 m/s 2
A1 = 2t1
A2 = 8t2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
1
t2
2
Ai ti
1
t1 = 3t2
2
1
35 = 46 + 0 + 2 ( 4t2 )( 3t2 ) + ( 8t2 ) t2
2
81 = 20 t22
t2 = 2.0125 s
t1 = 8.05 s
t f = t1 + t2 = 10.0625 s.
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Let
da
dt
amax = j ( t )
Then,
A1 =
1
amax ( 2t ) = amax ( t )
2
= j ( t )
v f = v0 + A1 A2
0 = 0 + A1 A2
A2 = A1
x = v0 ( 4t ) + ( A1 )( 3t ) A2 ( t )
3
= 0 + 3 j ( t ) j ( t ) = 2 j ( t )
t =
x
=
2j
0.36
( 2 )(1.5)
4t = ( 4 )( 0.4932 ) = 1.973 s W
= 0.4932
vmax = v0 + A1 = 0 + j ( t )
Average velocity:
vave =
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
0.36
x
=
= 0.1825 m/s W
4t 1.973
j ( t1 ) = amax
A1 =
or
( t1 ) =
amax 1.25
=
= 5 s.
j
0.25
1
( 5)(1.25) = 3.125 m/s
2
A2
2.639
=
= 2.111 s
amax
1.25
x f = x0 + v0t f + ( 2 A1 + A2 ) t f t1 t2 ( 2 A1 + A2 ) t1 + t2
2
2
= 0 + 0 + vmax t f 2t1 t2
(a) t f = 2t1 + t2 +
xf
vmax
= ( 2 )( 5 ) + 2.111 +
5000
= 10 + 2.111 + 562.5 = 575 s
8.889
t f = 9.58 min W
(b) vave =
xf
tf
5000
= 8.70 m/s
575
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
1
T
( 0.6 ) = 0.1T m/s
2
3
A2 =
1
2T
( 0.6 ) = 0.2T m/s
2
3
By moment-area formula,
7
4
x = v0t + ( A1 ) T + A2 T
9
9
7 2
8 2 15 2 1 2
40 = 0 +
T +
T =
T = T
90
90
90
6
T 2 = ( 40 )( 6 ) = 240 s 2
T = 15.49 s W
(a)
vmax = v0 + A1 + A2 = 0 + 0.1T + 0.2T = 0.3T
(b)
A3 =
1
T
( 0.6 ) = 0.05T
2
6
1
T
( 0.45) = 0.0375T
2
6
v = v0 + A1 + A3 + A4 = 0.1875T
(c)
v = 2.90 m/s W
By moment-area formula,
x = v0
T
T 2T
2 T
1 T
+ A1
+ A3 + A4
2
9
2
3 6
3 6
T
5T
T
2
= 0 + ( 0.1T )
+ ( 0.05T ) + ( 0.0375T ) = 0.035417T
18
18
9
= ( 0.035417 )(15.49 )
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x = 8.50 m W
1
( 5 + 2.5)( 0.1) = 0.375 m/s
2
1
A4 = ( 2.5 )( 0.1) = 0.125 m/s
2
A3 =
(a) Velocities: v0 = 0
v0.2 = v0 + A1 + A2
v0.3 = v0.2 + A3
v0.4 = v0.3 + A4
A5 =
At t = 0.2 s,
With A5 + A6 =
and
0.4
x = 0.3 t vdt
At t = 0.3 s,
(b) With
or
2
( 0.125)( 0.1) = 0.00833 m
3
x0.3 = 0.1142 m W
x0.2 = 0.3 ( A5 + A6 ) A7
2
( 0.5)( 0.2 ) = 0.06667 m
3
A7 = (1.400 )( 0.2 ) = 0.28 m
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x0.2 = 0.0467 m W
Approximate the at curve by a series of rectangles of height ai , each with its centroid at t = ti . When equal
widths of t = 0.25 s are used, the values of ti and ai are those shown in the first two columns of the table
below.
2 ti
ai ( 2 ti )
( ft/s )
(s)
( ft/s )
0.125
3.215
1.875
6.028
0.375
1.915
1.625
3.112
0.625
1.125
1.375
1.547
0.875
0.675
1.125
0.759
1.125
0.390
0.875
0.341
1.375
0.205
0.625
0.128
1.625
0.095
0.375
0.036
1.875
0.030
0.125
0.004
ti
ai
(s )
7.650 ft/s
At t = 2 s,
v = v0 +
11.955 ( ft/s )
0 adt v0 + ai ( t )
v0 + ( ai ) ( t )
0 v0 ( 7.650 )( 0.25 )
(a)
v0 = 1.913 ft/s W
x0 + v0t + ( ai ( 2 ti ) ) ( t )
(b)
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x = 0.836 ft W
Approximate the at curve by a series of rectangles of height ai , each with its centroid at t = ti . When equal
widths of t = 2 s are used, the values of ti and ai are those shown in the first two columns of table below.
20 ti
ai ( 20 ti )
( ft/s )
(s)
( ft/s )
17.58
19
334.0
13.41
17
228.0
10.14
15
152.1
7.74
13
100.6
6.18
11
68.0
11
5.13
46.2
13
4.26
29.8
15
3.69
18.5
17
3.30
9.9
19
3.00
3.0
ti
ai
(s )
990.1( ft/s )
(a) At t = 8 s,
v8 = v0 + 0 adt 0 + ai ( t )
= ( ai ) ( t )
Since t = 8 s, only the first four values in the second column are summed:
ai = 17.58 + 13.41 + 10.14 + 7.74 = 48.87 ft/s 2
v8 = ( 48.87 )( 2 )
(b) At t = 20 s,
v8 = 97.7 ft/s W
20
x20 = vot + 0 a ( 20 t ) dt = 0 + ai ( 20 t )( t )
= ( 990.1)( 2 )
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x20 = 1980 ft W
or
x =
v22 v12
2a
v2 v1 = a ( t2 t1 )
or
t =
v2 v1
a
x ( m )
t ( s )
20.67
0.667
25
17.19
0.625
25
20
11.5
9.78
0.435
20
10
13
11.54
0.769
10
14.5
3.45
62.63
0.690
3.186
Region
v1 ( m/s )
v2 ( m/s )
a m/s 2
32
30
30
t = ( t ) = 3.19 s W
(a)
(b) Assuming
x0 = 0,
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x = x0 + ( x ) = 62.6 m W
Use a = v
dv
dv
= slope of the given curve.
noting that
dx
dx
Slope is calculated by drawing a tangent line at the required point, and using two points on this line to
dv v
=
.
determine x and v. Then,
dx x
(a) When x = 0.25,
v = 1.4 m/s
v = 1m/s
and
dv
1
=
= 4 s 1
dx 2.5
a = (1.4 )( 4 )
x = 0.5 m
v = 1 m/s
and
dv
1
=
= 1.667s1,
dx 0.6
a = 5.6 m/s 2 W
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
a = 3.33 m/s 2 W
The at curve for uniformly accelerated motion is shown. The area of the rectangle is
A = at.
t =
1
t.
2
By moment-area formula,
1
x = x0 + v0 + A ( t t ) = x0 + v0t + ( at ) t
2
= x0 + v0t +
1 2
at
2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
A1 = ( 2 )( 6 ) = 12 m/s
A2 = ( 2 )( 2 ) = 4 m/s
v = 4 m/s
v = v0 + A1,
or
4 = v0 12,
or
v0 = 8 m/s
By moment-area formula,
x12 = x0 + v0t + moment of shaded area about t = 12s
x12 = 0 + ( 8 )(12 ) + ( 12 )(12 3) + ( 4 )(12 11)
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x12 = 8 m W
(a) T = 0.2s.
A1 =
2
( 24 )( 0.2 ) = 3.2 ft/s
3
A2 = ( 24 )( t1 0.2 )
= 24t1 + 4.8
v f = v0 + A
By moment-area formula,
3.6167
x1 = 0 + ( 90 )( 3.8167 ) + ( 3.2 ) ( 0.2 ) + 3.6167 + ( 86.80 )
2
8
x1 = 174.7 ft W
(b) T = 0.8 s.
A1 =
2
( 24 )( 0.8) = 12.8 ft/s,
3
or
t1 T = 3.2167s
t1 = 4.0167 s
A2 = 77.2 ft/s
By moment-area formula,
3
3.2167
x1 = 0 + ( 90 )( 4.0167 ) + ( 12.8 ) ( 0.8 ) + 3.2167 + ( 77.2 )
x1 = 192.3 ft W
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
a=0!
18 6
= 1.5 ft/s !
18 10
18 18
a=
= 3 ft/s !
30 18
a=0 !
a=
x = x0 + v0t + Ai ti
x is maximum where v = 0.
From velocity diagram, tm = 24 s
A1 = (18 10 )(1.5 ) = 12 ft/s
t1 = ( 24 14 ) = 10 s
A2 = ( 24 18 )( 3) = 18 ft/s
t2 = ( 24 21) = 3 s
xm = 48 + ( 6 )( 24 ) + (12 )(10 ) + ( 18 )( 3)
xm = 162 ft !
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x = ( t + 1)
y = 4 ( t + 1)
2
3
vx = x& = 2 ( t + 1)
v y = y& = 8 ( t + 1)
ax = v&x = 2
a y = v& y = 24 ( t + 1)
y=
(t + 1)2 = x
4
x
xy = 4
Then,
vx = 2 m/s,
v=
v y = 8 m/s
( 2 ) 2 + ( 8 )2
= 8.25 m/s
8
= 76.0
2
= tan 1
ax = 2 m/s 2 ,
a=
v = 8.25 m/s
76.0 W
a = 24.1 m/s 2
85.2W
v = 3.82 m/s
38.3 W
a y = 24 m/s 2
( 2 )2 + ( 24 )2
= 24.1 m/s 2
24
= tan 1 = 85.2
2
(b) t =
1
s.
2
vx = 3 m/s,
v=
v y = 2.37 m/s
( 3)2 + (2.37)2
= 3.82 m/s
2.37
= 38.3
3
= tan 1
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
ax = 2 m/s,
a y = 4.74 m/s 2
= tan 1
= 67.2
2
a = 5.15 m/s 2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
67.2W
u = t t 2 9t + 18 = t 3 9t 2 + 18t
Let
du
d 2u
= 3t 2 18t + 18,
and
= 6t 18
dt
dt 2
x = 6 0.8u m
y = 4 + 0.6u m
Then,
dx
du
= 0.8
dt
dt
dy
=
dx
dy
dt
dx
dt
dy
du
= + 0.6
dx
dt
Since
dy
does not change, the path is straight.
dx
(a)
At t = 2 s,
0.6
= 0.75 = constant
0.8
du
d 2u
= 6,
and
= 6.
dt
dt 2
dx
vx =
= ( 0.8)( 6 ) = 4.8 m/s,
dt
ax =
vy =
d 2x
= ( 0.8 )( 6 ) = 4.8 m/s 2 ,
dt 2
dy
= ( 0.6 )( 6 ) = 3.6 m/s
dt
(b)
At t = 3 s,
du
= 9,
dt
and
d u
=0
dt 2
ax = 0,
ay = 0
v = 9.0 m/s
(c)
At t = 4 s,
du
= 6,
dt
36.9 W
and
36.9, a = 0 W
d 2u
=6
dt 2
v = 6.0 m/s
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Substitute the given expressions for x and y into the given equation of the ellipse, and note that the equation is
satisfied.
16 cos 2 t 16 cos t + 4
9sin 2 t
x2
y2
+
=
+
2
2
4
3
4 ( 2 cos t )
3 ( 2 cos t )
=
( 2 cos t )2
4 4 cos t + cos 2 t
( 2 cos t )2
=1
(a) When t = 0 s,
x& =
( 2 cos t )
( 2 cos t )2
( 2 cos t )2
y& =
=
( 2 cos t ) ( 2 cos t )2
( 2 cos t )2
x& = 0
6
1
(b) When t = s,
3
x& =
(c) When t = 1 s,
x& = 0
and
y& = 3 ,
( ) = 4
3
2
( 2 12 )
and
y& =
v = 9.42 m/s
3, y& = 0
3 ( 3)
( 3)2
= ,
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
v = 7.26 m/s
v = 3.14 m/s
W
W
x (m)
y (m)
6.42
18.85
31.27
37.70
(a)
d (v )
= 36sin t = 0
dt
When t = 0 or 2 ,
cos t = 1,
When t = ,
cos t = 1,
(v )
and
and
v 2 is minimum.
v 2 is maximum.
= 45 36 = 9 ( m/s ) ,
2
min
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
vmin = 3 m/s W
(v )
2
(b) t = 0,
x = 0,
y = 3 m,
max
= 45 + 36 = 81 ( m/s ) ,
vmax = 9 m/s W
vx = 3 m/s, v y = 0
t =0W
r = (3 m) j W
tan =
t = 2 s,
x = 12 m,
y = 3 m,
vy
vx
=0W
=0
vx = 3 m/s,
vy = 0
t = 2 s W
r = (12 m ) i + ( 3 m ) j W
tan =
t = s,
x = 6 m,
y = 9 m,
vy
=0W
vx
vx = 9 m/s,
vy = 0
t = sW
r = ( 6 m ) i + ( 9 m ) j W
tan =
vy
vx
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
= 0 W
Given:
a=
(a)
dr
= A ( sin t + sin t + t cos t ) i + A ( cos t cos t + t sin t ) j
dt
= A ( t cos t ) i + A ( t sin t ) j
dv
= A ( cos t t sin t ) i + A ( sin t + t cos t ) j
dt
( cos
) (
(b)
t = 1s W
) (
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
t =0 W
r = 30 1
i + 20 e t/2 cos 2 t j
t + 1
Given:
dr
1
= 30
+ 20 e t/2 cos 2 t 2 e t/2 sin 2 t j
2
dt
2
( t + 1)
( t + 1)
30
=
a=
dv
2
1
( t + 1)
=
60
3
( t + 1)
(a) At t = 0,
r = 30 1 i + 20 (1) j
1
r = 20 in.
1
1
v = 30 i 20 (1) + 0 j
1
2
a=
(b)
At t = 1.5 s,
60
i 10 2 (1)( 0 7.5 ) j
1
v = 43.4 in./s
46.3 W
a = 743 in./s 2
85.4 W
r = 18.10 in.
6.0 W
0.25
r = 30 1
cos 3 j
i + 20e
2.5
i 20 e 0.75 cos 3 + 0 j
2
30
( 2.5)
a=
60
3
( 2.5)
v = 5.65 in./s
31.8 W
a = 70.3 in./s2
86.9 W
i + 10 2e0.75 ( 0 7.5cos 3 ) j
) (
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Given:
Differentiating to obtain v and a.
v=
a=
dr
= R ( cos nt nt sin nt ) i + cj + R ( sin nt + nt cos nt ) k
dt
dv
= R n sin nt n sin nt n 2t cos nt i + R n cos nt + n cos nt n 2t sin nt k
dt
) (
Magnitudes of v and a.
v 2 = vx 2 + v 2y + vz 2
2
= R 2 1 + n2t 2 + c 2
v=
R 2 1 + n2t 2 + c 2 W
a 2 = ax2 + a 2y + az2
) + ( 2
2
n cos nt
2
n2t sin nt
= R 2 4 n2 + n4t 2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
a = R n 4 + n2t 2 W
r = ( At cos t ) i + A t 2 + 1 j + ( Bt sin t ) k
Given:
x = At cos t ,
cos t =
y = A t 2 + 1,
x
At
sin t =
2
z = Bt sin t
2
y
t2 = 1
A
z
Bt
2
x
z
cos 2 t + sin 2 t = 1 + = 1
At
At
2
For A = 3
y
x
z
A 1 = A + B
Then,
and
from which
or
x
y
t2 = +
A
B
y
x
z
A A B = 1!
r = ( 3t cos t ) i + 3 t 2 + 1 j + ( t sin t ) k
B = 1,
v = 3 (1 0 ) i + ( 0 ) j + ( 0 ) k
(a) At t = 0,
v = 3 ft/s !
a = 3 ( 0 ) i + 3 (1) j + ( 2 0 ) h
And
a 2 = ( 3) + ( 2 ) = 13
2
Then,
a = 3.61 ft/s 2 !
(9t cos t 9t
2
(3 t + 1)
2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
With t 0,
or
The smallest root is
The next root is
7 + 2cos 2t 2t sin 2t = 0
2t = 7.631 s
t = 4.38 s
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
t = 3.82 s !
y = x tan 30
x = x0 + ( vx )0 t = v0t
Horizontal motion:
( )0 t 12 gt 2 = 12 gt 2
Vertical motion:
y = y0 + v y
from which
t2 =
2y
2 x tan 30 2v0t tan 30
=
=
g
g
g
t =
d =
( 25)( 2.94 )
x
v0t
=
=
cos 30 cos 30
cos 30
t = 2.94 s W
d = 84.9 m W
h = x tan 30 + y
h = v0t tan 30
or
1 2
gt
2
hmax =
or
t =
vo tan 30
g
v 2 tan 2 30 ( 25 ) ( tan 30 )
= 0
=
2g
( 2 )( 9.81)
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
hmax = 10.62 m W
Horizontal motion:
Vertical motion:
x = x0 + ( vx )0 t = v0t ,
( )0 t 12 gt 2 = y0 12 gt 2
y = y0 + v y
At ground level, y = 0,
At x = 50 m,
so that
( 9.81)( 50 )2
( 2 )( 30 )2
y0 =
y0 =
t =
or
or
x
v0
y = y0
gx 2
2v02
gx 2
2v02
= 13.625 m
h = y0 13 = 0.625 m
At x = 53 m,
y0 =
( 9.81)( 53)2
( 2 )( 30 )2
= 15.31 m
h = y0 13 = 2.31 m
Range to avoid:
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Horizontal motion.
vx = v0
Vertical motion.
y=h
Eliminate t.
t=
v0 =
Data:
h = 3 ft,
( 32.2 )(15)2
( 2 )( 3 1)
To strike point D.
v0 =
x
v0
y=h
gx 2
2v02
gx 2
2(h y)
x = d = 15 ft, y = 0
( 32.2 )(15)2
( 2 )( 3 0 )
To strike point B.
v0 =
1 2
gt
2
g = 32.2 ft/s2
x = v0t
( 32.2 )(14 )2
( 2 )( 3 0 )
v0 = 34.7 ft/s W
x = 15 ft, y = 1 ft
v0 = 42.6 ft/s
x = 15 1 = 14 ft, y = 0
v0 = 32.4 ft/s
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Distance AB.
858
cos 10
From geometry
d =
Vertical motion:
y = y0 + v y
d = 871 ft W
( )0 t 12 gt 2
At point B
xB tan 10 = h + 0
1
( 32.2 )( 6.5)2
2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
h = 529 ft W
Data:
Horizontal motion.
x = ( v0 cos ) t
Vertical motion.
y = h + ( v0 sin ) t
Eliminate t.
t=
x
v0 cos
y = h + x tan
gx 2
2v02 cos 2
Solve for h.
h = y x tan +
To hit point B.
x = 20 ft, y = 0
h = 0 20 tan 35 +
To hit point C.
1 2
gt
2
gx 2
2v02 cos 2
( 32.2 )( 20 )2
( 2 )( 25cos 35)2
= 1.352 ft
x = 24 ft, y = 0
h = 0 24 tan 35 +
( 32.2 )( 24 )2
( 2 )( 25cos 35)2
= 5.31 ft
Range of values of h.
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Place the origin at A. Let be the direction of the discharge velocity measured counterclockwise from the
x-axis
( vx )0 = v0 cos
Horizontal motion.
t =
Solve for t.
x = ( v0 cos ) t
x
v0 cos
( vy )0 = v0 sin
Vertical motion.
1 2
gt
2
y = ( v0 sin ) t
= x tan
gx 2
2v02 cos 2
y = x tan
x tan = x tan
Hence,
gx 2
2v02 cos 2
2v02 cos 2
( tan tan )
g
Solve for x.
x=
To water point B.
= 90 0 = 90 40 = 50
xB
2
2 )( 24 ) cos 2 50
(
=
32.2
= 90 + 0 = 90 + 40 = 130
To water point C.
xC
2
2 )( 24 ) cos 2 130
(
=
32.2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Vertical motion:
y = y0 + ( v0 sin ) t
vy = 0
At maximum height,
t =
(a)
or
t =
1 2
gt
2
v0 sin
g
13sin 33
= 0.7217 s
9.81
1
( 9.81)( 0.7217 )2
2
ymax = 3.16 m W
At x = 15.2 m,
(b) Corresponding value of y :
x = x0 + ( v0 cos ) t
t =
or
yes W
t =
x x0
v0 cos
15.2 0
= 1.3941 s
13cos 33
1
( 9.81)(1.3941)2
2
y = 0.937 m W
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Velocities:
v A/B = v A v B = 1 m/s
Accelerations:
(a)
aA =
aB =
v A2
A
vB2
=
=
v A2
100
( vA 1)
96
( v 1) = 0.25
v A2
A
100
96
2
a A/B =
v A2 50v A + 625 = 0
(b)
v A = 25
v A = 25 m/s !
vB = 25 1 = 24
vB = 24 m/s !
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
an =
v2
at = 0,
2
= an
vmax
2
vmax
= ( 25)( 3g ) = ( 25 )( 3)( 9.81) = 735.35 m 2 /s 2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
v2
( ac ) = c ,
nA
v2
( ac ) = c
nA
vc2 = A ( ac )n = B ( ac )n
A
B
B ( ac )n A 0.66
=
=
= 0.09706
A ( ac )
6.8
n
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Initial speed.
v0 = 72 km/h = 20 m/s
Tangential acceleration.
at = 1.25 m/s 2
(a)
Total acceleration at t = 0.
an =
v0 2
( 20 )2
= 1.14286 m/s 2
350
( 1.25)2 + (1.14286 )2
a = at2 + an2 =
(b)
a = 1.694 m/s 2 !
Total acceleration at t = 4 s.
v = v0 + at t = 20 + ( 1.25 )( 4 ) = 15 m/s
an =
v2
(15)2
350
= 0.6426 m/s 2
a = at2 + an2 =
( 1.25)2 + ( 0.6426 )2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
a = 1.406 m/s 2 !
Length of run.
L = D = 130 meters
Radius of circle.
(1)
1
D = 65m
2
1
1
2
at t12 = ( at ) ( 4 ) = 8 at m
2
2
(2)
(3)
v = vm
s = s1 + vm ( t t1 )
(4)
at =
130
= 1.9635 m/s 2
8 + 200
vm2
2
7.854 )
(
=
65
= 0.9490 m/s 2
(1.9635)2 + ( 0.9490 )2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
a = 2.18 m/s 2 !
v = v0 + at t
0 = 150 at ( 9 ) ,
or
a 2 = at2 + an2
Total acceleration:
1/2
an = a 2 at2
Normal acceleration:
at = 16.667 ft/s 2
1/2
2
2
= (130 ) ( 16.667 )
an =
v2
where
5
v 2 = an = (128.93) = 53.72 ft 2 /s 2 ,
12
Time:
t=
= 128.93 ft/s 2
1
5
diameter =
ft
2
12
v = 7.329 ft/s
v v0 7.329 150
=
at
16.667
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
t = 8.56 s !
Speeds:
v0 = 0
Distance:
s=
at =
At point B,
where
sB =
( 450 ) = 706.86 ft
vB = 79.88 ft/s
vB = 54.5 mi/h !
= 450 ft
2
67.70 )
(
=
an =
a = at2 + an2 =
450
= 10.185 ft/s 2
( 4.5133)2 + (10.185)2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
a = 11.14 ft/s 2 !
v A = 420 km/h
(a)
v B = v A + v B/ A
v B = 520 km/h
60
v B/ A = v B v A = v B + ( v A )
or
or
sin sin 60
=
520
477.9
= 70.4
or
v B/ A = 478 km/h
( aB )t
a A = 6 m/s 2
(b)
= 2 m/s 2
70.4 !
60
( a B )n =
vB2
(144.44 )2
200
= 104.32 m/s 2
30
a B/ A = a B a A = ( a B )t + ( a B )n a A
= [2
60 ] + [ 104.32
30 ] [ 6
) (
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
27.4 !
(a)
30,
45
52.9
vB/ A = 339 km/h
( a A )t
(b)
= 8 m/s 2
( a A )n =
( a B )n
v A2
A
vB2
2
50 )
(
=
400
( a B )t
= 3 m/s 2
= 6.25 m/s 2
30
60,
( 45)2
300
= 6.75 m/s 2
52.9 !
45
45
a B/ A = a B a A = ( a B )t + ( a B )n ( a A )t ( a A )n
= 3 ( cos 45i sin 45 j) + 6.75 ( cos 45i + sin 45 j)
8 ( cos 60i sin 60 j) 6.25 ( cos 30i sin 30 j)
) (
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
a B/ A = 15.18 m/s 2
56.8 !
(a)
v2
v 2 (8)
=
=
an 8.04
(b)
= 7.96 m !
v2
v 2 ( 6.55 )
=
an
9.81
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
= 4.38 m !
Horizontal motion.
vx = v0 cos
x = v0 t cos
Vertical motion.
v y = v0 sin gt
y = y0 + v0 t sin
y = y0 + x tan
Eliminate t.
1 2
gt
2
gx 2
2 v02 cos 2
(1)
gx 2
=
2 ( y0 + x tan y ) cos 2
(a)
(b)
( 9.81)( 6 )2
v2
v2
v2
=
an g cos
(2)
min
2
v 2 cos 2 (14.48 ) cos 3
= 0
=
9.81
g
min = 21.3 m !
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
(a)
v = v0 = 120 ft/s
At point A,
aA = g
v = 120 ft/s
60
= 32.2 ft/s 2
( a A )n = g sin 30 =
v A2
A
2
A =
(b)
(120 )
v A2
=
g sin 30 32.2sin 30
A = 894 ft !
( 60 )2 + ( 34.64 )2
an = g sin 60 =
= 69.282 ft/s
vB2
B
2
( 69.282 )
vB2
B =
=
g sin 60 32.2sin 60
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
B = 172.1 ft !
&&
x=
y =
&&
y=
(a) t = 0,
t=
1
,
3
2
,
3
v = y& =
( 2 cos t )
an = &&
x=
( 2 cos t )2
( 2 cos t )3
3
,
2
v 2 (1.5 )
=
an
3 2
2
,
3
x& =
2 2
,
3
x& = 0,
&&
x = 3 2 ,
y& = 1.5 ,
x& = 0,
y = 0,
1.5 ( 2cos t 1)
an = &&
x = 3 2 ,
an = &&
y=
( 2 cos t )3
y = 0,
y=
( 2 cos t )2
6 sin t ( sin t )
y& =
3 2 sin t
x = 1,
t = 1,
1.5sin t
,
2 cos t
x = 0,
v = x& =
(c)
( 2 cos t )
3 sin t
x& =
3 2 cos t
x = 1,
v = &&
y = 1.5 ,
(b)
2cos t 1
,
2 cos t
= 0.75 ft !
y& = 0,
&&
y=
v 2 4 2 3
=
an
3.2 2
y& =
&&
x=
v2 2 3
=
an
4 2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
2 2
,
3
= 1.155 ft !
2
3
= 0.75 ft !
Given:
x=
( t 4 )3
6
+ t2 m
y=
t 3 ( t 1)
m
6
4
Differentiating twice
vx
2
2)
(
= x& =
x& =
( t 4 )2
2
+ ( 2 )( 2 ) = 6 m/s
t 2 ( t 1)
m/s
2
2
1
&&
y = t m/s 2
2
+ 2t m/s
y& =
&&
x = t 4 + 2 = t 2 m/s 2
At
t = 2 s.
vy
2
2)
(
= y& =
2
2
ax = &&
x=22=0
a y = &&
y=2
(a)
Acceleration.
(b)
1
= 1.5 m/s 2
2
a = 1.5 m/s 2 j !
tan =
vy
vx
1.5
6
= 14.036
v 2 = vx2 + v 2y = 62 + 1.52
= 38.25 m 2 /s 2
an = a cos = 1.5 cos14.036
= 1.45522 m/s 2
an =
v2
v2
38.25
=
an 1.45522
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
= 26.3 m !
vx = v A
( vB ) x = v A
At point B
vB =
( vB ) x
cos
cos =
vA
cos
vA
vB
an = aB cos = g cos
=g
B =
vA
vB
vB2 vB2 vB
=
an
gv A
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
B =
vB3
!
gv A
( aC )n = gcos
Then,
vC2
C =
or
vC2
gcos
( vA ) x = v0 cos
Then,
v0 cos = vC cos
vC =
or
so that
(a)
( vC ) x = vC cos
cos
v0
cos
1
C =
gcos
cos
v 2 cos 2
v0 = 0 3
gcos
cos
min = B =
Then,
C =
(b)
1
cos3
v02 cos 2
g
Q.E.D. !
min
cos3
Q.E.D. !
v02 cos 2
or
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
C =
( aC )n = g cos
Then,
vC2
C =
or
vC2
gcos
( vA ) x = ( vC ) x
x = ( v0 ) x t = ( v0 cos ) t
( vA ) x = v0 cos
where
and
t=
or
x
v0 cos
(1)
( vC ) x = v0 cos
v0 cos = vC cos
Then,
C =
so that
vC3
gv0 cos
(2)
( vC ) y = ( v0 ) y gt = v0 sin
But
vC2
=(
2
v0 x
+(
2
v0 y
gx
v0 cos
= ( v0 cos )
(3)
x
+ v0 sin g
v0 cos
2 gx tan
g 2 x2
= v02 1
+
v02
v04 cos 2
or
vC3
v03 1
2 gx tan
g 2 x2
v0 2
v04 cos 2
3/2
(4)
g cos
v02
v04 cos 2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
3/2
Given:
Magnitudes of v and a.
v 2 = vx2 + v 2y + vz2
2
= R 2 1 + n2t 2 + c 2
v=
or
n cos nt
2
n2t sin nt
R 2 1 + n2t 2 + c 2
a 2 = ax2 + a 2y + az2
) + ( 2
2
= R 2 4n2 + n4t 2
at =
v2 = R2 + c2 ,
a = 2 R n ,
or
dv
R 2 n 2t
=
1/2
dt 2
R 1 + n2t 2 + c 2
at = 0
an = a 2 at2 = 2R n
a = Rn 4 + n2t 2
or
an =
v2
v2
an
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
R2 + c2
!
2 R n
With A = 3
and B = 1,
r = ( 3t cos t ) i + 3 t 2 + 1 j + ( t sin t ) k
Differentiating to obtain v and a,
v=
3t
dr
j + ( sin t + t cos t ) k
= 3 ( cos t t sin t ) i +
t2 + 1
dt
t
t2 + 1 t
t2 + 1
dv
j
a=
= 3 ( sin t sin t t cos t ) i + 3
dt
t2 + 1
(t
+1
3/2
j + ( 2cos t t sin t ) k
Magnitude of v 2.
2
9t 2
2
+ ( sin t + t cos t )
2
t +1
Differentiating,
2v
dv
18t
= 18 ( cos t t sin t )( 2sin t t cos t ) +
dt
1 + t2
+ 2 ( sin t + t cos t )( 2cos t t sin t )
When t = 0,
a = 3j + 2k ,
v 2 = 9,
2v
dv
=0
dt
a 2 = 32 + 22 = 13
at =
Tangential acceleration:
an 2 = a 2 at 2 = 13
Normal acceleration:
But
dv
=0
dt
an =
v2
or
v2
=
an
or
9
13
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
an = 13
= 2.50 ft !
g = 274 m/s 2 ,
and
R=
Given that an =
1
1
D = 1.39 109 = 0.695 109 m
2
2
gR 2
v2
and
that
for
a
circular
orbit
a
=
n
r
r2
gR 2
v2
r=
Then,
= 149.8 109 m
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
r = 149.8 Gm !
g = 274 m/s 2
and
R=
Given that an =
1
1
D = 1.39 109 = 0.695 109 m
2
2
gR 2
v2
and
that
for
a
circular
orbit:
a
=
n
r
r2
gR 2
v2
r=
Then,
= 1.425 1012 m
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
r = 1425 Gm !
an =
gR 2
r2
an =
v2
r
v= R
g
r
g = 29.20 ft/s 2
R = 3761 mi = 19.858 106 ft.
r = 3761 + 100 = 3861 mi = 20.386 106 ft
Then,
v = 19.858 106
29.20
= 23.766 103 ft/s
20.386 106
v = 16200 mi/h !
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
an =
gR 2
r2
an =
v2
r
v=R
g
r
g = 12.24 ft/s 2
R = 2070 mi = 10.930 106 ft
r = 2070 + 100 = 2170 mi = 11.458 103 ft
Then,
v = 10.930 106
12.24
= 11.297 103 ft/s
11.458 106
v = 7700 mi/h !
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
an =
gR 2
r2
an =
v2
r
v= R
g
r
g = 75.35 ft/s 2
R = 44432 mi = 234.60 106 ft
r = 44432 + 100 = 44532 mi = 235.13 106 ft
Then,
v = 234.60 106
75.35
= 132.8 103 ft/s
235.13 106
v = 90600 mi/h !
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Radius of Earth
Radius of orbit
Normal acceleration
an =
Thus,
v 2 gR 2
= 2
r
r
v2 =
and
an =
v2
r
or
v2 =
gR 2
r
= 179.40 106 ft 2 /s 2
vT = 2 r
6
2 r 2 78.4608 10
T =
=
= 36.806 103 s
v
13.3941 103
T = 10.22 h !
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
gR 2
r2
Normal acceleration.
an =
v 2 = ran =
Data:
g = 9.81 m/s 2 ,
and
an =
v2
v2
r
gR 2
r
R = 6370 km = 6.370 106 m
= 1.0366 106 m 2 /s 2
v = 1.018 m/s
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
v = 3670 km/h !
an =
gR 2
r2
an =
v2
r
v=R
t=
t=
2 r 3 2
Rg1 2
tA =
2 rA3 2
Rg1 2
or
g
r
2 r
v
2 rB 3 2
Rg1 2
tB =
and
( n + 1) t A = nt B
1 rB
=
n rA
Data:
or
n + 1 t B rB
=
=
n
t A rA
32
32
Then,
1 6.690 103
=
n 6.560 103
3/2
1 = 0.02987
or
n = 33.475
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
2 6.690 106
32
12
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
nt B = 50.7 h !
= 0.5e0.8t sin 3 t
& = 0.4e0.8t sin 3 t + 1.5 e0.8t cos 3 t
&& = 0.32e0.8t sin 3 t 1.2 e0.8t cos 3 t
1.2 e 0.8t cos 3 t 4.5 2e0.8t sin 3 t
At t = 0.5 s,
r = 1.5 ft,
e 0.8t = 0.67032,
= 0.33516 rad,
&&
r = 12 ft/s 2 ,
sin 3 t = 1,
cos 3 t = 0
& = 0.26812 rad/s, && = 29.56 rad/s2
v = r&e r + r&e
vr = 2 ft/s,
v = 0.402 ft/s !
a = &&
r r& 2 er + r&& + 2r&& e = ar er + a e
ar = 12 (1.5 )( 0.26812 )
ar = 11.89 ft/s 2 !
a = 45.41 ft/s 2 !
&&
rer = 12 ft/s 2 er !
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
r=
10
mm,
t+6
4
r& =
r=
(t + 6)
mm/s,
sin t rad,
At t = 1 s,
10
10
mm;
7
= 0,
r& =
10
mm/s,
49
& = 4 rad/s,
&&
r=
20
( t + 6 )3
mm/s 2
20
mm/s 2
343
&& = 0
20 10
2
( 4 ) = 22.8 mm/s 2
343 7
10
10
a = r&& + 2r&& = ( 0 ) + ( 2 ) ( 4 ) = 1.633 mm/s 2
7
49
(c)
20
er
343
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Given
r = 2 B cos ( At/2B )
= At/2B
& = A/2 B
Differentiating twice
&&
r = A2 /2 B cos ( At/2B )
&& = 0
v = vr2 + v2 =
(a)
A2 sin 2 + A2 cos 2 = A
v=A!
ar = &&
r r& 2 = A2 /2B cos ( At/2 ) + 2 B cos ( At/2 B ) [ A/2 B ]
= A2 /B cos
a = r&& + 2r&& = 0 + (2) A sin ( At/2 B ) ( A/2B )
= A2 /B sin
a = ar2 + a2 =
( A /B ) cos + ( A /B ) sin
4
= A2 /B
a = A2 /B !
From the figure a is perpendicular to v
an = a = A2 /B
Thus,
an =
(b)
v2
=
=
v2
an
A2
( A /B )
2
=B
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
=B!
r = b ( 2 + cos t ) ,
r& = b sin t ,
&&
r = 2b cos t
= t,
& = ,
&& = 0
(a) At t = 2 s,
sin t = 0,
cos t = 1
r& = 0,
&&
r = 2b,
r = 3b,
= 2 rad,
& = rad/s
v = r& = 3 b,
vr = r& = 0 ,
v = 3 be W
ar = &&
r r& 2 = 2b ( 3b ) 2 = 4 2b
a = r&& + 2r&& = 0,
a = 4 2be r W
2
v 2 = vr2 + v 2 = 2b2 sin 2 t + ( 2 + cos t )
v 2 is maximum when
But
cos t = 1
= t,
or
t = 0,
2 ,
4 ,
hence
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
6 , etc
= 2N , N = 0, 1, 2, K W
r = 6t 1 + 4t 2 ,
r& = 6 1 + 4t 2 + 24t 2 1 + 4t 2
&&
r = 72t 1 + 4t 2
= arctan 2t
& = 2 1 + 4t 2
96t 3 1 + 4t 2
(b) At t = 0.5 s,
r = 0,
r& = 6 ft/s,
rad,
= 0,
& = 2 rad/s,
&&
r =0
&& = 0
v = ( 6 ft/s ) e r W
v = r& = 0,
a = 24 ft/s 2 e W
&&
r = 15 2 ft/s 2
3 2
vr = r& = 6 ft/s,
ar = &&
r r& 2 = 0,
&& = 16t 1 + 4t 2
(a) At t = 0,
1 2
1 2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
cos =
r=
x
r
yx=3
Also,
tan =
from which
x = 3t 2
or
y
r
y = x + 3.
y x+3
3
1
=
=1+ =1+ 2
x
x
x
t
and
y = 3t 2 + 1
vx = x& = 6t ,
v y = y& = 6t
ax = &&
x = 6,
a y = &&
y=6
(a) Magnitudes:
(b)
sin =
3
3
3r
=
=
y x
sin cos
y
x
r r
from which
Differentiating,
and
v = vx2 + v 2y
v = 6 2 t ft/s W
a = ax2 + a 2y
a = 6 2 ft/s 2 W
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
=W
v = r&
Hence,
r& = v cos
r=
b&
= v cos
cos
or
b
cos
v=
b&
cos 2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
b&
W
cos 2
r=
From geometry,
b
cos
r& =
b sin &
cos 2
a = r&& + 2r&& =
b&&
2b sin & 2
+
cos
cos 2
(1)
a = a e = a cos
(2)
b&&
2b sin & 2
cos 2
cos3
b
=
&& + 2 tan & 2
2
cos
a=
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
|a| =
b &&
+ 2 tan & 2 W
cos 2
+ (180 ) + = 180
=
r
d
=
sin (180 ) sin
r=
d sin
sin
v = r&
v=
or
v sin =
d sin &
sin 2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
d sin &
,
sin
v=
d sin
& W
sin 2 ( )
Geometry analysis:
(a)
Velocity analysis:
ad = d&& d & 2 = d 2
1
r& = d W
2
v = r& = v e = d cos 30
3
d cos 30 d 2
=
r
d 3
Sketch the directions of a, er and e.
1
2
& =
(b)
Acceleration analysis:
ar = a er = a cos150 =
& = W
3
d 2
2
3
&&
r r& 2 =
d 2
2
&&
r=
3
3
1
d 2 + r& 2 =
d 2 + d 3
2
2
2
&&
r=
3
d 2 W
4
1
1
1
2
2 d ( 2 ) 2 d 2
&& = 0 W
1
a = a e = d 2 cos120 = d 2
2
&&
&
a = r + 2r&
&& =
1
a 2r&& =
r
1
3d
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Rate of change of .
t = 0.5 s
&
17.453 103
=
= 34.907 103 rad/s
t
0.5
b
4 103
=
= 5.921 103 m
cos cos 47.5
)(
From geometry,
v
206.68
=
cos cos 47.5
v = 306 m/s W
Alternate solution.
x = b tan
b&
v = x& = b sec2& =
cos 2
v=
cos 2 47.5
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Rates of change.
Mean values.
r& =
r 1000
=
= 500 ft/s
t
2
& =
5.0615 103
=
= 2.5307 103 rad/s
t
2
r=
12600 + 13600
= 13100 ft
2
31.2 + 28.3
= 29.75
2
Velocity components.
vr = r& = 500 ft/s
( 500 )2 + ( 331.53)2
= 600 ft/s
v = 409 mi/h W
vx = vr cos v sin
= 500cos 29.75 ( 331.53) sin 29.75 = 598.61 ft/s
v y = vr sin + v cos
= 500sin 29.75 + ( ( 331.53) cos 29.75 ) = 39.73 ft/s
tan =
v y
vx
39.73
= 0.06636
598.61
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
= 3.80 W
2
r& = be1/2 &
r = be1/2 ,
2
vr = r& = be1/2 &,
v 2 = vr2 + v2 = be1/2
2
v = r& = be1/2 &
) (
2 2
+ 1 & 2
2
v = be1 2 2 + 1
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
1/2
& W
r=
r& =
vr = r& =
2b &
,
3
v 2 = vr2 + v2 =
2b &
v = r& =
b &
4b 2 & 2 b3 & 2 b 2
+ 4 = 6 4 + 2 & 2
6
v=
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
(4 + )
2
12
& W
r = be1/2 ,
2
&&
r = be1/2 &
( )
2
r& = be1/2 &,
2
ar = &&
r r& 2 = be1/2 &
( )
+ & 2 + &&
2
+ & 2 + && & 2 = be1/2 &
( )
+ &&
2
2
2
a = r&& + 2r&& = be1/2 && + 2be1/2 & 2 = be1/2 && + 2& 2
& =
But
2
ar = be1/2 ( )
a 2 = ar2 + a2 = be1/2
and
a = be1/2
and
) (
2 2
&& = 0
( 2 )
2
+ 4 2 4
2
a = be1/2 2 + 4
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
1/2
2 W
r=
r& =
ar = &&
r r& 2 =
2b &
,
3
&&
r=
2b && 6b & 2
+ 4
3
2b & 6b & 2
b
b
+ 4 2 & 2 = 4 2&& + 6& 2 2& 2
3
b
b
2b
a = r&& + 2r&& = 2 && = ( 2 ) 3 & 2 = 3 && 4& 2
But
ar =
& =
and
&& = 0
( 6 )
and
a =
a 2 = ar2 + a2 =
=
b2
b2
(36 + 4
( 36 12
4b
+ 4 2 +
16b 2
+ 4 2
a=
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
(36 + 4
+4
12
2 W
Law of cosines:
Differentiating with respect to time and noting that d and h are constant,
2rr& = 2dh sin &
r& =
Law of sines:
dh sin
&
r
sin sin
=
r
d
so that
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Q.E.D W
R=
Given:
A
,
t +1
= Bt ,
z=
Ct
t +1
( t + 1)
2A
3
( t + 1)
& = B,
&& = 0,
(a) t = 0.
z& =
R = A,
z& =
C ( t + 1) Ct
( t + 1)
(1 + t )2
(1 + t )3
z=0
&& = B,
z& = C
&& = 0,
&&
z = 2C
v = R& = AB,
vR = R& = A,
2C
= 0,
R& = A,
&& = 2 A,
R
vz = z& = C
v 2 = vR2 + v2 + vz2 = A2 + A2 B 2 + C 2
v=
&& R& 2 = 2 A AB 2
aR = R
aR2 = 4 A2 4 A2 B 2 + A2 B 4
a = R&& + 2R&& = 0 2 AB
a2 = 4 A2 B
az = &&
z = 2c
az2 = 4C 2
a 2 = aR2 + a2 + az2 = 4 A2 + A2 B 4 + 4C 2
(b) t = .
R = 0,
= ,
z = C,
&& = 0,
R
vr = R& = 0,
&& R& 2 = 0,
ar = R
R& = 0,
&& = 0,
v = R& = 0,
A2 + A2 B 2 + C 2 W
a = 4 A2 + A2 B 4 + 4C 2 W
& = B,
z& = 0,
&&
z=0
v=0W
vz = z& = 0,
a = R&& R& 2 = 0,
az = &&
z = 0,
a=0W
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
) (
i j k
v a = vx v y vz = v y a z vz a y i + ( vz a x vx az ) j + v x a y v y a x k
ax a y az
1/2
| v a | = c 2 R 2 n2 4 + n2 2 + R 4 n2 2 + n2t 2
eb =
va
| va |
Let
cos = eb j =
( v a) j =
B = cR n 4 + n2t 2
A = R 2 n 2 + n2t 2 ,
|va |
R 2 n ( 2 + nt )
12
c 2 R 2 2 4 + 2t 2 + R 4 2 2 + 2t 2
n
n
n
n
A
as
C
shown in the sketch. The angle that the osculating plane makes with the
y-axis is the angle .
12
C=
A2 + B 2 so that cos =
R 2 + n2t 2
A
tan = =
B c 4 + 2t 2 1 2
n
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
= tan
R 2 + n2t 2
c 4 + n2t 2
12
(a)
v=
dr
t
= 3 ( cos t t sin t ) i + 3
j + ( sin t + t cos t ) k
2
dt
t +1
a=
dv
1
= 3 ( 2sin t t cos t ) i + 3
dt
t2 + 1
3/2
j + ( 2cot t t sin t ) k
v = 3 (1 0 ) i + ( 0 ) j + ( 0 ) k = 3i
At t = 0,
a = 3(0)i + 3(1) j + ( 2 0 ) k = 3j + 2k
i j k
v a = 3 0 0 = 6 j + 9k
0 3 2
| v a | = 62 + 92 = 10.817
eb =
cos x = 0,
va
= 0.55470 j + 0.83205k
| va |
cos y = 0.55470,
cos 2 = 0.83205
x = 90,
(b)
At t =
s,
y = 123.7,
z = 33.7 !
v = 4.71239i + 2.53069 j + k
a = 6i + 0.46464 j 1.5708k
i
j
k
1
v a = 4.71239 2.53069
0.46464 1.5708
6
= 4.43985 i 13.4022 j + 12.9946 k
continued
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
1/2
2
2
2
| v a | = ( 4.43985 ) + (13.4022 ) + (12.9946 )
eb =
= 19.1883
va
= 0.23138i 0.69846 j + 0.67721k
| va |
cos x = 0.23138,
cos y = 0.69846,
cos z = 0.67721
x = 103.4,
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
y = 134.3,
z = 47.4 !
Given:
a = kt 2 ft/s 2 ,
x0 = 36 ft,
t
x9 = 144 ft,
v v0 = 0 a dt = 0 kt 2 dt =
v = v0 +
Velocity:
t
x x0 = 0 v dt = v0t +
v9 = 27 ft/s
1 3
kt
3
1 3
kt
3
1 4
kt
12
Position:
x = x0 + v0t +
1 4
1 4
kt = 36 + v0t +
kt
12
12
When t = 9 s,
x = 144 ft
and
36 + v0 ( 9 ) +
or
v = 27 ft/s
1
4
k ( 9 ) = 144
12
(1)
1
3
k ( 9 ) = 27
3
v0 + 243k = 27
(2)
and
k = 0.082305 f t/s 4
Then,
x = 36 + 7t + 0.00686t 4 ft W
v = 7 + 0.0274t 3 ft/s W
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
(a)
Determination of k.
dv = a dt ,
From
dt =
dv
dv
=
a
0.6 (1 kv )
t
v
0 dt = 0 0.6 1 kv
(
)
or
t
0
20 =
v
1
ln (1 kv )
0
0.6k
t=
1
ln (1 kv )
0.6k
1
ln (1 6k )
0.6k
k = 0.1328 s/m W
Solving by trial,
(b)
(1)
dx =
v dv
v dv
=
a
0.6 (1 kv )
0
0.6k
1 kv
0.6k
x=6
1
0.6k
v dv
6 dx = 0 0.6 1 kv
(
)
v
v k ln (1 kv )
v + k ln (1 kv )
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
1
1
7.5 +
ln (1 ( 0.1328 )( 7.5 ) )
0.6
0.1328
0.1328
( )(
)
vmax =
1
1
=
k 0.1328
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
x = 434 m W
vmax = 7.53 m/s W
Constant acceleration.
and
x f = 0.1 mi = 528 ft
v 2f = v02 + 2a x f x0
(a) Acceleration.
a=
v 2f v02
2 x f x0
95.3332 36.667 2
= 7.3333 ft/s 2
2 ( 528 0 )
a = 7.33 ft/s 2 W
(b) Time to reach 65 mph.
v f = v0 + at f
tf =
v f v0
a
95.333 36.667
7.3333
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
t f = 8.00 s W
or
vB =
2
vA,
3
aB =
and
2
aA
3
xB + 2 xC = constant
vC =
or
1
1
vB = v A ,
2
3
and
aC =
1
aA
3
Accelerations.
v A = ( v A )0 + a AT
aB =
aC =
(b)
or
aA =
v A ( v A )0
t
456 0
= 38.0 mm/s2
12
2
2
a A = ( 38.0 ) = 25.3 mm/s 2
3
3
1
1
a A = ( 38.0 ) = 12.67 mm/s 2
3
3
a A = 38.0 mm/s 2
a B = 25.3 mm/s 2
aC = 12.67 mm/s 2
v B = 203 mm/s
xB = 811 mm
1
1
2
aBt 2 = 0 + ( 25.3)( 8 ) = 811 mm
2
2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
(a)
t = 10 s,
v = 0
a=
v
=0
t
10 s < t < 26 s:
t = 16 s,
v = 80 m/s
a=
v
= 5 m/s 2
t
26 s < t < 41 s:
t = 15 s,
v = 0
a=
v
=0
t
41 s < t < 46 s:
t = 5 s,
v = 15 m/s
a=
v
= 3 m/s 2
t
46 s < t < 50 s:
t = 4 s,
v = 0
a=
v
=0
t
x = area of vt curve.
For 10 s t 26 s,
v = 0 when
60 5t + 50 = 0
or
t = 22 s
x0 = 540 m
Also
0 to 10 s
x = (10 )( 60 ) = 600 m
10 s to 22 s
x =
1
(12 )( 60 ) = 360 m
2
22 s to 26 s
x =
1
( 4 )( 20 ) = 40 m
2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
(b)
26 s to 41 s
x = (15 )( 20 ) = 300 m
41 s to 46 s
20 5
x = ( 5 )
= 62.5 m
2
46 s to 50 s
x = ( 4 )( 5) = 20 m
Total:
(c)
d = d1 + d 2 = 1382.5 m
d = 1383 m W
Times when x = 0.
For 0 t 10 s,
At x = 0,
For 46 s t 50,
At x = 0,
x = 540 + 60t m
540 + 60t = 0
t = 9sW
x = 17.5 5 ( t 46 ) m
17.5 5 ( t 46 ) = 0
t 46 = 3.5
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
t = 49.5 s W
( vB ) f = ( vB )0 + A2
27.778 = 6.944 + 2.822t B
t B = 7.38 s
A2 = ( 2.822 )( 7.38 ) = 20.83 m/s
Then,
xB = ( xB )0 + ( vB )0 t B + A2
by moment-area formula
x A = ( x A ) 0 + ( v A )0 t B
and
Subtracting,
Then,
tB
2
t
xB x A = ( xB )0 ( x A )0 + ( vB )0 ( v A )0 t B + A2 B
2
7.38
xB x A = 120 + ( 6.944 27.778 )( 7.38 ) + ( 20.83)
2
Car B is ahead of car A.
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
xB/ A = 43.1 m W
(a)
( )0 = 0
y0 = 1.5 m, v y
Vertical motion:
( )0 t 12 gt 2
y = y0 + v y
At point B,
y=h
tB =
tB =
(b)
( 2 )(1.5 0.788)
9.81
( 2 )(1.5 1.068)
9.81
= 0.3810 s
= 0.2968 s
x0 = 0, ( vx )0 = v0 ,
x = v0t
With xB = 12.2 m,
2 ( y0 y )
2 ( y0 h )
tB =
or
Horizontal motion:
t=
or
v0 =
or
x xB
=
t
tB
we get
v0 =
12.2
= 32.02 m/s
0.3810
and
v0 =
12.2
= 41.11 m/s
0.2968
or
Vertical motion:
vy = vy
Horizontal motion:
vx = v0
( )0 gt = gt
tan =
( )
vy
dy
gt
B
=
= B
dx
( vx )B v0
For h = 0.788 m,
tan =
= 6.66 W
For h = 1.068 m,
tan =
= 4.05 W
32.02
41.11
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
or
v0
g
Vertical motion:
y y0 = v0 cos15t
1 2
gt
2
= 2.1836 cos15
= 0.27486
v02 1
2v
g ( 2.1836 ) 0
2
g
g
v02
g
= 78.10 ft 2 / s 2
v0 = 8.84 ft /s W
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
( vC ) x = ( vC ) x 0 = 1.8cos 50
Horizontal motion:
= 1.1570 m/s
( vC )2y = ( vC ) y
Vertical motion:
2
0
2 g ( y y0 )
2
( vC ) y
tan =
= 5.5974 m/s
5.5974
= 4.8379,
1.1570
2
= 78.32
vC2 = ( vC ) x + ( vC ) y = 32.669 m 2 /s 2
vC = 5.7156 m/s,
78.32
or
v B = vB ( cos10i + sin10 j)
v C/B = v C v B = v C + ( v B )
Relative velocity:
(a)
vC = 5.7156 m/s
v C/B is vertical.
( vC/B )x = 0
vB = 1.175 m/s
v B = 1.175 m/s
(b)
10 W
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
v B = 0.1676 m/s
10 W
( vA )0 = 0,
Given:
dv A
= 0.8 in./s 2
dt
v A = ( v A )0 + ( a A )t t = 0.8 t
Then,
(a)
( a A )t =
t = 0,
v A = 0,
( a A )n =
v A2
=0
a A = ( a A )t
(b)
a A = 0.800 in./s 2 W
t = 2 s,
( a A )n =
v A2
(1.6 )2
3.5
= 0.731 in./s 2
1/2
1/2
2
2
2
2
a A = ( a A )t + ( a A )n = ( 0.8 ) + ( 0.731)
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
a A = 1.084 in./s 2 W
(a)
At point A.
a A = g = 9.81 m/s 2
( aA )n
= gcos 50
2
A =
(b)
( 2)
v A2
=
( a A )n 9.81cos 50
A = 0.634 m W
( vB )2y = ( vA )2y + 2a y ( yB y A )
2
= ( 2 cos 40 ) + ( 2 )( 9.81)( 1)
= 21.97 m 2 /s 2
( vB ) y = 4.687 m/s
tan =
( vB ) y
( vB ) x
4.687
,
1.286
or
= 74.6
aB = gcos 74.6
2
( v B ) x + ( vB ) y
v 2
B = B =
gcos 74.6
( aB ) n
=
(1.286 )2 + 21.97
9.81cos 74.6
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
B = 9.07 m W
(
)
= 2 ( 2t + 4e ) rad,
r = 6 4 2e t ft,
2t
(a)
At t = 0 s,
&&
r = 12e t ft/s 2
& = 2 2 8e 2t rad/s
&&
r = 12 ft/s 2
r = 12 ft,
r& = 12 ft/s,
= 8 rad,
& = 12 rad/s,
vr = r& = 12 ft/s,
&& = 32 rad/s 2
e t
r 24 ft,
4t rad,
and
r& 0,
e 2t
&&
r0
& 4 rad/s,
&& 0
v = ( 96 ft/s ) e W
2
ar &&
r r& 2 = ( 24 )( 4 ) = 384 ft/s 2 ,
a 0
a = 384 ft/s 2 er W
The particle is moving on a circular path of radius of 24 ft and with a speed of 96 ft/s. The acceleration is the
normal acceleration v 2 /r =
( 96 )2
24
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, 8/e, Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston, Jr.,
Elliot R. Eisenberg, William E. Clausen, David Mazurek, Phillip J. Cornwell
2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies.