WhydidMarxistideologyemergeduring

theIndustrialRevolution?
Objectives:DescribewhyMarxistideologyemergedduringtheIndustrialRevolution.

Theproletarians[workers]havenothingtolosebuttheirchains.They
haveaworldtowin.WORKINGMENOFALLCOUNTRIES,UNITE!
-

KarlMarx,CommunistManifesto(1848)
Source:http://www.csun.edu/~kaddison/marx.pdf

Usingyourpriorknowledgeoftheindustrialrevolutionsimpactonworkers,whatdoyouthink,The
proletarians[workers]havenothingtolosebuttheirchains.Theyhaveaworldtowin.WORKINGMENOF
ALLCOUNTRIES,UNITE!means?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

SocialistandCommunistThoughtEmerges

Directions:Readtheexcerptsbelow.Respondtothequestions.

Whilesomepeoplesoughttoreformindustrialsocietythroughchangesineducationandlaborlaws,other
thinkerscondemnedcapitalismentirelyandsoughtremediestocreateequalitybetweentherichandthe
poor.

Socialism:apoliticalandeconomictheory
thatadvocatesforthepeopleasawhole
ratherthanprivateindividualstoownand
operatethemeansofproduction[farms,
factories,andotherlargebusinesses].

Communism:apoliticaltheoryderived
fromKarlMarxsideasthatadvocatesfora
classwarbetweentherich[bourgeoisie]
andthepoor[proletariat],leadingtoa
classlesssocietywhereallmeansof
productionwouldbeownedbythe
community.

1. Howiscapitalismdifferentfromsocialismandcommunism?

2. Howaresocialismandcommunismdifferentfromthereformsyouvestudiedalready
inthisunit?

WhoisKarlMarx?WhatistheCommunistManifesto?
Directions:Readtheexcerptbelowandrespondtothequestionsontheright.

Karl Heinrich Marx (May 5,

1818 March 14, 1883)wasa
revolutionary activist and a
prolific writer. Trained as a
philosopher, self-educated as
a political economist, and an
organizer of the International
Workingmen's Association,
Marx became interested in
social change during his
universitystudies.

Upon receiving his doctorate

KarlMarx in absentia fromtheUniversity
of Jena in 1841, Marx was
Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wi
hired as editor of the
kipedia/commons/8/87/Karl_Ma
RheinischeZeitung,aGerman
rx.png
newspaper. There he championed the rights of peasants
against the Prussian government in an editorial column. This
led to his opponents accusing Marx of being a "communist"
and to his being ostracized. Marx left for Paris where he
continued to suffer accusation from the Prussian and the
Frenchgovernment's.

Marx developed his revolutionary theoriesoveraperiodoffour

decades beginning in1843.Heformulatedhistheorieswiththe
intention to liberate wage workers or laborers from the
capitalist societies of nineteenth century Europe. He
maintained that in order to emancipate humanity from
economic domination, a social revolution was needed. The
envisioned result would transform the existing economic
structures, and create a society in which property, particularly
the means of production would no longer be held privately.
Marx's theories were developed in close collaboration with
FriedrichEngels.

[...]

In 1848, Marx published the Communist Manifesto where he

shared his ideas on the impacts of capitalismandtheneedfor
a revolution. To Marx, feudal lords,landownersandcapitalists
were pitted against the ruled working class. This claim is
summed up in the opening line of The Communist Manifesto:
"Thehistoryofallhithertoexistingsocietyisthehistoryofclass
struggle." Marx predicted the demise of capitalism through a
workers' revolution that would lead to a utopian classless
society" where, according to Marx, people work according to
their ability and getaccordingtotheirneedsand"inwhichthe
free development of each is the condition for the free
developmentofall."

1.WhendidKarlMarxbecome
interestedinsocialchange?

2.WhatdidMarxdowhileaneditor
forRheinischeZeitung?Howwashe
treated?

3.WhatwereMarxsearly
revolutionaryideasconcernedwith?

4.WhatdidMarxhopewouldbethe
impactofhisrevolutionaryideas?

5.WhodidMarxworkcloselywithto
develophisideas?

6.WhatdidMarxbelieveaboutthe
relationshipbetweentherichand
poor?

7.WhatdidMarxbelievehistorywas
madeof?

8.WhatdidMarxbelievewouldledto
thedemiseorendofcapitalism?

Source:http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Karl_Marx

WorkersRightsBeforeTheCommunistManifesto

Directions:Readthepassagebelowandrespondtothequestions.

Flora Tristan (1803-44) was a nineteenth-century French social theorist and author. She argued that the
progress of women's rights was directly related with the progress of the working class. She believed the
oppression of women was directly related to the oppression of the working class. Five years before the
publication of The Communist Manifesto, Tristan published The Workers Union. In The Workers Union,
Tristan encouraged French workers to unite nationwide. She encouraged greater unionization so they could
be united to fight for a minimum wage and better work conditions. TheWorkers'Unionincludesmethodsfor
organizingaunionandthepurposeoftheunionizing.

...1.Consolidationoftheworkingclassbymeansofatight,solid,andindissoluble[indivisible]Union.
2.Representationoftheworkingclassbeforethenationthroughadefenderchosenandpaidbythe
WorkersUnion,sothattheworkingclasssneedtoexistandtheotherclassesneedtoacceptit
becomeevident.
3.Recognitionofoneshandsaslegitimateproperty.(InFrance25,000,000proletarians[workingclass]
havetheirhandsastheironlyasset.)
4.Recognitionofthelegitimacyoftherighttoworkforallmenandwomen.
5.Recognitionofthelegitimacyoftherighttomoral,intellectual,andvocationaleducationforallboys
andgirls.
6.Examinationofthepossibilityoflabororganizinginthecurrentsocialstate[socialconditions].
7.ConstructionofWorkersUnionpalaces[buildings]ineverydepartment,inwhichworking-class
childrenwouldreceiveintellectualandvocationalinstruction,andtowhichtheinfirmandelderlyas
wellasworkersinjuredonthejobwouldbeadmitted.
8.Recognitionoftheurgentnecessityofgivingmoral,intellectual,andvocationaleducationtothe
womenofthemassessothattheycanbecomethemoralagentsforthemenofthemasses.
9.Recognitioninprincipleofequalrightsformenandwomenasthesole[only]meansofunifying
humankind....
Source:FloraTristan,TheWorkersUnion,UniversityofIllinoisPress(adapted)fromtheNYSGlobalHistoryandGeographyRegents
Exam,June2006.

1a.Basedonthisdocument,statetwochangesinsocietythatFloraTristanbelievedwereneededfor
theworkingclass.

1b.WhydoesFloraTristanbelievethesechangesarenecessary?

1c.WhydoesFloraTristanemphasizetheneedforequalrightsbetweenmenandwomen?

WhatdoestheCommunistManifesto
revealaboutMarxsideasandthegoals
ofcommunism?
Objectives:DescribetheobjectivesofMarxandcommunismasdescribedintheCommunist
Manifesto.

TheHistoryProjectattheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavis
CompletetheclosereadingactivityfortheCommunistManifestolinkedhere.

VocabularyReminder:
proletarians:workingclass

bourgeois:middle-class,propertyowner

RegentsMultipleChoiceCheckforUnderstanding
1.Duringthe1800s,thewritingsofMarx,Engels,
andDickensfocusedattentionontheproblems
facedby
(1)factoryowners
(2)investmentbankers
(3)farmlaborers
(4)industrialworkers

...They[theCommunists]openlydeclarethattheir
endscanbeattained[achieved]onlybytheforcible
overthrowofallexistingsocialconditions.Letthe
rulingclassestrembleataCommunistrevolution.
Theproletarianshavenothingtolosebuttheir
chains.Theyhaveaworldtowin.Workingmenofall
countries,unite!
FriederichEngelsandKarlMarx,
CommunistManifesto,1848fromtheNYSGlobal
HistoryandGeographyRegentsExam,August
2002.

2.Theseviews,expressedbyEngelsandMarx,
weredevelopedinreactiontothe
(1)unificationofGermany
(2)CommercialRevolution
(3)CongressofVienna
(4)IndustrialRevolution

3.WheredidKarlMarxpredictarevolutionofthe
proletariatwouldoccurfirst?
(1)industrialEurope
(2)independentLatinAmerica
(3)colonialAfrica
(4)agriculturalRussia

4.KarlMarxandFriedrichEngelsencouraged
workerstoimprovetheirlivesby
(1)electingunionrepresentatives
(2)participatinginlocalgovernment
(3)overthrowingthecapitalistsystem
(4)demandingpensionsanddisability
insurance

5.Inthelate1800s,oneresponseofworkersin
Englandtounsafeworkingconditionswasto
(1)takecontrolofthegovernment
(2)returntofarming
(3)setminimumwages
(4)formlaborunions

6.KarlMarxpredictedthatlaissez-fairecapitalism
wouldresultin
(1)areturntomanorialism
(2)arevolutionledbytheproletariat
(3)fewergovernmentregulations
(4)anequaldistributionofwealthand
income

Baseyouranswerstoquestions7and8onthespeakersstatementsbelowandonyourknowledgeof
socialstudies.

SpeakerA:

Governmentshouldnotinterfereinrelationsbetweenworkersandbusiness
owners.

SpeakerB:

Theworkerswillriseupandoverthrowtheprivilegedclass.

SpeakerC:

Privatepropertywillceasetoexist.Thepeoplewillownthemeansof
production.

SpeakerD:

Afavorablebalanceoftradeshouldbemaintainedbytheuseoftariffs.

7.WhichtwospeakersrepresentKarlMarxsideasofcommunism?
(1)AandB
(2)BandC
(3)BandD
(4)CandD

8.Whichspeakerisreferringtolaissez-fairecapitalism?
(1)A
(2)B
(3)C
(4)D
9.InTheCommunistManifesto,KarlMarxandFriedrichEngelsexpressedtheideathat
(1)religionshouldbethemostimportantfactorinsociety
(2)powershouldbedeterminedbyapersonswealth
(3)profitsfromworkshouldbelongtotheworkers
(4)supplyanddemandshouldcontrolprices