SECTION I C HIU LC TH NO V

KHU VC NO
Section I l b qui tc v kin to (thit k , ch to , lp t) ni hi. Cc qui tc ny cha mang tnh
bt buc - mandatory tr phi n c cng nhn bng cc vn bn lut ca gii thm quyn (chnh
ph). Vic vn dng b qui tc khi mang tnh vng / lnh th v l mt "cng c chnh tr" c cc
chnh ph dng "iu tit" quyn ti phn - jurisdictions. Thut ng quyn ti phn c phm vi
rng ty vo cch thc chnh quyn qun l cc thit b c nguy c an ton cao. Mt b phn ca chnh
quyn c th c y thc thc thi quyn ny, ngha l , hoc l cp tiu ban, hoc l cp tnh, ht
hoc thnh ph. V khi khng tm c cc vn bn php qui qui nh thm quyn ti phn hoc cp
php s dng, bn mua hng khi s dng cc qui tc ca section I lm cn c a ra cc yu cu
kin to ni hi.
M , xt thi im 2008, lut qui nh Section I c tha nhn i vi mi bang tr Wyoming v
mi tnh thnh ca Canada cng qui nh tng t. Thc t th Wyoming c dn c tha tht v ngnh
cng nghip cn nhiu hn ch, v vy c quan lp php tiu bang thy cha cn thit phi a b php
qui v ni hi , v v hu ht cc ni hi c cp php vo M u ph hp qui phm ASME. Thm
vo , c khong 17 thnh ph v ht c lut tha nhn Section I l cn c cp php .
Ngoi tr nhng "ghi ch" nu trn, hu ht lut cc bang thuc M v cc tnh thuc Canada u
yu cu phi ch nh mt hi ng hoc tiu ban xem xt v bin son b qui chun v kin to ni
hi da trn ASME - Section I. ng thi cng ch nh thanh tra trng - chief inspector cng vi
cc thanh tra vin c thm quyn lut nh. T chc php nh ny cng c trch nhim gim st
(overseeing) cng tc bo dng v vn hnh ni hi sau khi chng c lp t. S y quyn php l
cho cc t chc va nu ty thuc vo kt qu nh gi ca cc kim nh vin c y quyn ca
ASME - Authorized Inspectors ang cng tc ti cc t chc chng nhn (c ASME y thc) Authorized Inspection Agencies, t chc ny c chc nng gim st v bo m cc nh sn xut ni
hi tun th cc qui tc ca Section I (xem chng 7 mc : Third-Party Inspection.)
Li bn : Nh vy, r rng l quyn ch nh t chc c thm quyn thuc vo chnh ph s ti (hoc
ch u t ;trong trng hp chnh quyn cha lut nh cc t chc nh vy) , song quyn phi
c "s ph duyt" t cc AI v AIA - iu ny cho thy vai tr nh hng to ln ca ASME M
v c Canada .
va2o nm 1997, theo cc tha thun thng mi cc ro cn k thut phi c d b theo tinh thn
ca WTO, tinh thn l nh vy, song hu ht cc bang v tnh thnh M v Canada u yu cu cc
ni hi lp trn lnh th ca h phi p ng qui chun m thc cht l ASME Code, ch c mt thay
i nh . Vo thi im , Hi ng quc gia cc thanh tra vin bn b p lc v ni hi - National
Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors (mt t chc php qui - regulatory agency) bao gm
thanh tra trng (chief inspectors) ca cc bang v tnh thnh chp php v p t t nht mt section
ca b qui tc ASME) phi thay i chnh sch khi xem xt cc thit b c th c ng kim
(registered) bi Hi ng ny (National Board).
Hi ng quc gia (National Board) khi thit lp cc tiu ch chp nhn cc b qui tc kin to qui phm , h thng cht lng , v gim st c lp - third-party inspection v ban hnh di nhan
Criteria for Registration of Boilers, Pressure Vessels and Other Pressure-Retaining Items,
m s l NB264, Rev.6 October 2007. Phn gii thiu ti liu ny gii thch mc ch ca vic ng
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kim vi NB (National Board) l cung cp cho ch s hu, ngi s dng, v cc t chc php nh
mt chng th th hin cam kt ca h vi cng ng v ngha v bo m tnh an ton ca cc thit
b. Vic cp chng nhn (certification) cho cc nh sn xut ni hi , bn b p lc v cc hng mc
chu p khc rng cc thit b / hng mc c ng k (cp php) bi NB c ch to ph hp (in
accordance with) vi qui chun / qui tc quc gia / hoc quc t c nhn bit (recognized) bi
National Board.
Trc khi mt t chc sn xut ng k thit b / sn phm ca h vi NB, t chc phi xut trnh
chng y thc - Certificate of Authorization cho c quan ng kim (Register) thuc quyn NB.
Chng ch ch c cp sau khi NB xc nh rng cc yu cu ca NB264 i vi qu trnh kin to,
h thng cht lng, v bn th ba tham gia u c p ng tha ng. (Tt nhin b qui tc kin to
ASME p ng cc yu cu ny.) Vo khong gia nm 2000, NB cng chp nhn cc b qui tc khc
(khng phi ASME) c xut x t Canada, Anh - Great Britain, Php - France, v Cng ng chu u European Community. Trang web ca NB , www.nationalboard.org, s lit k tt c cc b qui tc c
chp nhn v ph duyt bi NB v ni c th tm cc b qui tc . S in thoi ca tng hnh dinh
NB Columbus, Ohio, l (614) 888-8320. Cc b qui tc t cc quc gia khc u ang c xem xt ,
v mt s c kh nng s c NB chp nhn. Bi v NB l mt t chc chnh ph, do vy, di quyn
chi phi ca chnh ph lin bang, Cc t chc php nh ngh h cn chp nhn cc hng mc
(items) c ch to theo cc tiu chun quc t v ng k vi NB. Cc t chc php nh (ch t
gia nm mid-2000) bao gm Alaska, Iowa, Kansas, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey,
North Dakota, Oregon, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin, v cc thnh ph
Milwaukee c th khng chp nhn tt c cc ni hi hoc bn b p lc c ng k (v chng
nhn) bi National Board, li khuyn l cn kim tra tnh kh chp (acceptability) thng qua lin lc
trc tip vi cc vn phng t chc php nh co tn v thng tin lin lc nm trn website ca NB
(www.nationalboard .org). Vn cn phi i xem bao lu na th Cng ng Chu u v cc t chc
php nh nc khc s hnh ng v chp nhn cc hng mc ch to theo cc qui tc ca ASME.

S chp nhn quc t

Section I c nhn bit cp quc t l b qui tc thit k c cng nhn (acceptable design
Code), cng vi cc b qui tc quc gia khc, nh b qui tc c - German Code TRD (Technische
Regeln fur Dampfkessel, c dch l Qui chun k thut ni hi - Technical Regulations for Steam
Boilers) v nhiu b qui tc nht Japanese Codes thuc quyn ti phn ca Japanese ministry MITI (b
Ngoi Thng v Cng nghip Nht). C thi k hip hi k thut c kh Mexico - Vit tt l AMIME
dch Section I sang ting Ty ban nha v p dng Mexico, song c v nh n t c a chung, mt
phn do cc kh khn trong vic cp nht theo kip Section I. Trc nhng nm 1970s, ASME ch cho
php cc cng ty U.S. v Canada c tham gia & y thc ASME Code. Tuy nhin, Cc vn ng php
l thi y dn kt qu l ASME c ch th ring bng mt o lut tha hip (consent decree) yu
cu hp tc vi cc nh sn xut khng thuc U.S. nhm cho php h c cp du y thc ASME ASME Code symbol stamp holders, khi m h thng kim sot cht lng ca nh sn xut qua c
qu trnh xem xt ca ASME. Hin nay c nhiu nh sn xut nc ngoi c cp du asme v c
tham gia vo vic ch to cc ni hi v bn b p lc theo qui tc ASME. Gn y nht, cc iu
khon ca NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) v GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs
and Trade) yu cu mt "sn chi bnh ng" gia cc nh sn xut ni hi trong nc v ngoi nc,
v ASME ang hnh ng c chp nhn t cng ng Chu u.
i vi cc ni hi lp ti ch (field-assembled boilers) (Chng qu ln c th hon thnh trong
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xng ch to), s ph hp ton phn vi ASME Code yu cu cc bn tham gia lp t phi c du

ASME thch hp, ng thi tin trnh lp phi c kim tra bi mt t chc c y thc AIA. Cc t
chc kim nh nc ngoi tr Canada ni chung l khng ng thun vi chnh sch ny. Bi v bn
mua mun c gi thnh gim, th nn h thng chp nhn cc ni hi ASME c lp bi cc bn
khng c du ASME thch hp di s gim st ca kim nh vin c y thc AI - Authorized
Inspector. Do vy , cc ni hi nh vy khng th nhn c chng nhn v du ASME cho ton b.
Kt qu l , mc d cc hp phn ca ni hi c lp u c thit k v ch to ph hp hon ton
vi Section I, ni hi hon thin vn c xem l khng p ng cc yu cu c ng du v
chng nhn ca ASME.

S tha nhn cc yu cu tng ng ca cc t chc kim nh

(Jurisdictional Authorities)
Nhm chun b cc iu kin thun li bo m s tng ng (uniformity) ca qu trnh kin to v
kim tra, Hip hi lut c tn l "Uniform Boiler and Pressure Vessel Laws Society, Inc.", c thnh
lp nm 1915, sau ba thng ln theo h s tha nhn (official adoption) ca ni hi ASME u tin.
Hip hi ny cung cp mt m hnh php l kim nh v h tr cp quc gia i vi cc b qui tc
c cng nhn, v d nh Section I v Section VIII, nh l tiu chun (standards) v kin to ni hi
v bnh / bn p lc. Nhn chung th hip hi c v cho s tha nhn cc yu cu tng ng gia cc
t chc kim nh. Cc nh sn xut theo truyn thng vn ng h mnh m tng ny , bi v, n
thc y hiu qu vic to ra cc sn phm hp chun v ngn chn cc sn phm c c im thit k
theo cc qui tc kim nh khc bit. Bn cnh , m hnh php l va cp cng xc tin cc hot
ng pht trin hip hi, Hip hi pht hnh tp san c ta l SYNOPSIS of Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Laws, Rules and Regulations , vi s ng gp bi vit ca cc t chc kim nh trong nc
v ngoi nc. Thc t th ban u ch huy ng c ngun t cc t chc trong nc (US v Canada)
v qu trnh pht trin thu ht c s tham gia t cc nc khc.
n nay th hu ht cc tiu bang (M) u c lut v ni hi v cc bn p lut khc, s y thc s
khai ca hip hi UBPVLS c th c xem l c n p y . Vic tt gim sn lng ni hi l
hu qu ca suy thoi thi gian gn y, Ngn sch (funding) cho cc hot ng ca hip hi b ct
gim ng k v nhu cu cp thit nht l tm ra cc gii php duy tr v pht huy vai tr ca t chc
c b dy lch s ng n ny. Rt nhiu chc nng (vn do hip hi m trch) gi chuyn sang
thuc chc trch ca NB - National Board (xem pha di). Tot yu v lut , qui tc v qui phm ni
hi v bn b p lc do NB ch tr c th c tra cu trn website ca NB hoc gi 614-888-2463
hoc e-mail www.orders@nationalboard.org. c cung cp.

B qui tc gim st quc gia NBIC - National Board Inspection

Code
C th xem b qui tc l cc ct mc ca tin trnh pht trin, do vy, p dng chng mt cch ng
n, ngi dng cn hiu v thi hiu (thi gian c hiu lc)- effective dates ca chng v cc tu chnh
(addenda). Cc bng tu chnh c xem xt pht hnh hng nm vo ngy 1 thng 7 s cha cc thng
tin b sung ng gi v cc xem xt / chnh sa ca Code. ASME thng ban hnh cc bng tu chnh
mi 6 thng mt ln - gi l tu chnh ma h v ma ng cho n nm 1986, khi quyt nh (v l do
kinh t) chuyn sang ch trng ch mt bng tu chnh / nm, bng tu chnh thng pht hnh trn
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nhng trang mu v c hiu lc vo ngy 31 thng 12 nm pht hnh.

Phin bn mi s c pht hnh 3 nm / ln (v d, 1995, 1998, v 2001) v s bao gm c 3 bng tu
chnh c pht hnh k t phin bn trc. Do , v d nh , khi phin bn 1995 c pht hnh, n
s tng ng vi phin bn 1992 cng vi cc bng tu chnh trong giai on t 1992 n 1995.
Ngi mua b qui tc bt c section no u nhn c cc bn tu chnh 3 nm lin tip ca phin bn,
ngi mua phin bn 1995 s nhn cc bng tu chnh 1996 v 1997, thng pht hnh vo cui ca cc
nm (mc d thng n s khng c gi cho n tn thng ging nm sau). Trc nm 1998, bt
k phin bn mi no cng u c in trn giy trng v cc bng tu chnh ca ba nm k tip c in
bng cc giy mu khc nhau phn bit. Theo chui s kin th phin bng 1998 Section I s tng
ng vi phin bng 1995 v ba bng tu chnh A95, A96, v A97. Tuy nhin vo nm 1998,ASME
thay i h thng ny.
Phin bn mi s tip tc c bn ra vo thng by trong chu k ba nm, ngoi vic , bt u t nm
1998, ASME bt u pht hnh cc bng tu chnh vo ngy 1 thng by hng nm, thay v 31 thng
chp. Trong nhng nm gia hai phin bn, bng tu chnh in mu nh trc y. Tuy vy, vo nhng
nm , ch nhng trang trng c p dng cho c cc qui tc php nh (mandatory rules) ca phin
bn trc cng vi cc bng tu chnh phin bn trc cng vi bn tu chnh u tin ca phin bn
mi. Cc chnh sa trn phin bn mi c nhn dng v m t i vi tng thay i c th. Bi v
cc sa i s khng tr thnh rng buc php l (mandatory) ngay khi pht hnh, cc sa i i vi
phin bn mi ny c xp lch cho ln pht hnh bn tu chnh k tip, iu ny dn n vi nhm ln
v thiu xc thc i vi cc qui tc php nh thuc phin bn mi c lin quan. Vi cc du hiu nu
trn bao hm cc bng tu chnh s khng c hiu lc php ly ngay khi pht hnh (xem phn di).
Tuy vy , kin thc v phin bn trc v cc bng tu chnh vn quan trng v nhiu l do khc. C
th l mt vi iu khon / s b loi b cho ln pht hnh hin ti / k tip, cc iu khon loi ny
c th khng c trong vn bn hin hnh, mc d n vn cn hiu lc trong vng 6 thng (trc khi b
g b). Do ngi dng mi, phin bn mi c th khng bit v s tn ti ca cc qui tc hoc
khng bit rng n vn cn hiu lc. Tm li , ngi dng ln u ca phin bn mi cn bit cch c
cc sa i trc v h c th tm thy cc phin bn trc t ASME.
gim cc nhm ln khi dn chng cc qui tc v cch thc dn chng cc qui tc ( loi b nhng
vn cn hiu lc trong 6 thng trc khi phin bn mi pht hnh), y ban chnh (Main Committee)
a ra kin ngh thm vo phn tm tt cc thay i - SUMMARY OF CHANGES cho cc phin bn
sau nm 2001 (trnh nguyn vn):
The 2007 Edition of this Code contains revisions in addition to the 2004 Edition with 2005 and
2006 Addenda. The revisions are identified with the designation 07 in the margin and, as
described in the Foreward, become mandatory six months after the publication date of the 2007
Edition. To invoke these revisions before their mandatory date, use the designation 2007
Edition in documentation required by this Code. If you choose not to invoke these revisions
before their mandatory date, use the designation 2004 Edition through the 2006 Addenda in
documentation required by this Code.
Cc chnh sa (Revisions / addenda) s c hiu lc php l 6 thng sau ngy pht hnh, tr phi hp
ng c k trc khi kt thc chu k 6 thng . Hiu qu l nh sn xut c khong m 6 thng
trc khi cc thay i tc ng n hp ng. Ch l ngy tnh mc s l ngy k hp ng; ngy
ny c th ly trn hp ng nguyn tc (formal contract), th ngh (letter of intent), hoc cc vn
bn khc theo lut nh lin quan n thi hiu ca hp ng (contractual date). Bi v h thng ng
ngoi vi c th c hp u kh chm sau khi hp ng ni hi c k, cc bn tham gia c th p
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dng c Section I phin bn c hiu lc vo ngy k hp ng ni hi hoc bt k bng tu chnh no

c hai bn chp nhn. iu ny c ghi nhn bi din dch I-78-13, Applicable Code Edition for
Boiler External Piping (nguyn vn):
Question: When boiler external piping is contracted for later than the boiler is, to what rules is
the boiler external piping to be built?
Reply: Boiler external piping is a part of the boiler and, as such, the applicable Code Editions
are those which correspond to the contract date for the boiler. However, when contracts for
boiler external piping are placed later than the boiler contract date, the parties have the option
of using Section I as of the boiler contract date or any subsequent Addenda of Section I.
Phin bn v tu chnh ca B31.1 m theo h thng ng ngoi vi c kin to (tr phi c yu cu
phi s dng phin bn sau cng) s c trnh by phn Appendix ca Section I bng Table A-360:
Codes, Standards, and Specifications Referenced .
Ch l mt khi phin bn Section I c p dng cho qu trnh kin to ni hi, nh sn xut khng
c php trin khai bt k cc thay i no ghi trong bng tu chnh k tip. y chnh l cch tip cn
thc tin vi nhn thc rng cc thay i ca Section I hin nay c xu th tng v khng chc chn
rng cc thay i nh vy khng tc ng an ton. Mt ngoi l cho nguyn l chung ny l khi ng
sut cho php (allowable stresses) ca vt liu gim ng k th nh sn xut phi thn trng s dng
chng trn cc hp phn cha hon thin.

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