Medium Access Control Protocol

 /.

- :

Medium Access Control Protocol

.
" " ) :Medium Access Control(MAC

.
:
-
-
-
-

Fixed assignment Protocols

Round robin Protocols
Contention Protocols
Reservation Protocols

- Fixed assignment Protocols

.
:
: : )). (Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM
: : )). (Time Division Multiplexing (TDM
--

 /.

: : ))(Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM

: : ))(Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA

- -

): Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM

.
. )--(
)--(
.

) ( Khz )( Khz
)( . = /
. .
:
(-)................ C = n . w

= C Hz

=w Hz
=n

--

 /.

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)--(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)--(

--

 /.

- -

): Time Division Multiplexing (TDM

.


= /

) (- .

--

 /.

)(

)(

)(

)--(
)--(

)(

)(

)(

--

 /.

.
) (-



""
""
. ) (- .
) (-

--

 /.

- -

):Wavelength Division Multiplexing (FDM

)). (Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM

.
. -

.
.
)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

)(

) (-

- -

))(Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA

.




. :
(Code Division
)). Multiple Access (CDMA

--

 /.

:
- _ )Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS
Carrier



.
-


.


.
.

.
)(
0
10

20

--

 /.

- _
) (
) (Chip
.
)
( Orthognal

) ( -


.


.


.
)Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum_ (DSSS

--

 /.

- -

.




.

:
.

--

 /.

- :Dynamic MAC Protocols

Dynamic MAC Protocols
:
- Round Robin Protocols
- Contention Protocols
- Reservation Protocols

- :

" " Polling " Token Passing
" :
-

Token Pass

( Ring IBM
FDDI

Token " "
.

" " . ....

.
" "
.


--

 /.

.

. ) (-
)( )(
)( )( )( .
)( "" ""
)( .
)( )( .
)--( " " )( )(

) (

)(

) (

)--( )( )( )(

)(

)(

) (

--

 /.

)--( )( )( )(

) (

) (

)(

) (

)(

) (

)--( )( . )( )(

( .
( .

- :

(-)........ D = n . T +
= D :
= n
--

 /.

=T

= .
.

( token
.
(

.





(

.

- - : Polling

. Round Robin

Token .

. :
(
.
(
.

--

 /.

(

.
( .
( .
(
.
( Mainframe
.
: :

) (
) ( .

:
.


.
. .

--

 /.

) ( -
) (:
.
- Roll-call Polling

.
- Hub- Polling


.

.
.
- Binary Tree


.
.
--

 /.

.


.
- : Contention Protocols

.

" " Multiple access
Multiple Access

.
.

).(-

) (-

--

 /.

" " Packet

Data Frame
.
) (collision
. -:
( ). (Pure Aloha Multiple Access
( ).(Slotted Aloha Multiple Access
( )(Carrier Sense Multiple Access
)). (CSMA
(
) (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/ Collision Detection
CSMA/CD
(
) (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/ Collision Avoidance
CSMA/CA

--

.
"" Collision

) (Random
. "

--

 /.

PURE ALOHA MULTIPLE ACCESS

WAN
). (Wireless LAN ) (- .

- :
() :
) ( .
: :

-
.
- %
.

) (-
.

--

 /.

): (

): (

) : - (.

: - .

--

 /.

:
-- ): (Slotted Aloha


:
- .Time slot
- ) (Packet
).(Frame
- .
- .
- ) (
.
) (
.
) (- .

: - .

--

 /.

) (- .

): (

): (

) : - (.
) (-

.%
:

) (
) ( %
%
.
--

 /.

.
.

--

)Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA

CSMA
-

.
:
-
) (.
-
.Packet
- .
- ) (
.
- ) (

) (Random .

.
. )(-

--

 /.

.
.


. Slotted CSMA

) (

) : - (.

--

 /.

:


:
(
:
.Non persistent CSMA
(

.Persistent CSMA
(


P ) (1-P
P -
P P-
). persistent (CSMA
:

) (
) (
.

- .
-
%
Persistent CSMA %

P-persistent
--

 /.

-
.
) - ( CSMA
. )--(
) (
.

) - (

--

 /.

) - (
--
Carrier Sense Multiple Access /Collision Detection CSMA/CD.

/


Jamming Signal

:
(
.
( :
.
( "
."Header
--

 /.

( ) (
.
( ) (

.
CSMA

.
) ( -
.
() :
) ( .

(
(

.

CSMA .

) (-

--

 /.

)(

) : (-
IEEE
Ethernet
Xerox .
-- :
Carrier Sense Multiple Access /Collision Avoidance CSMA/CA.

--

 /.

:
( .
(
.
( :
Request To Send
.
( Confirm To Send
.
( )
(

.
(
)
(

.
( )
(

.


.

) (- .

--

 /.

) : ( -

() :

)(
)(
)(

.
.


.

--

 /.

(

CSMA/CA Apple Talk
Apple . Wireless LAN

- -

-
-

.

.

.
-
-

.
-

protocols

Reservation

.
) ( Distributed Queue Dual Bus DQDB
IEEE 802.6 :

--

 /.

--

Distributed Queue Dual Bus DQDB

) ( Bus ) (-
.
.

) ( -

DQDB

.
.
:
--

 /.

.
.
.
Reservation
.
.
) (
.
.

.
.
.


.
) ( - MAN . LAN

) -

:
)(

--

DQDB

 /.

)(
)(

.
%

( .

" " ) :Medium Access Control(MAC

. :

--

 /.

)(

MAC Protocols

Fixed Assignemt

TDM WDM CDMAFDM

Dynamic

DSSS

Round Robin

-Contention

Roll Call -

Binary -

Hub -

Reservation

DQDB

Token Passing

- Polling

FHSS

Pure Aloha

Slotted Aloha

CSMA/CD

- Presistant
-Non presistant
_ P Presistant

--

CSMA

CSMA/CA

Slotted
Nonslotted

 /.

:

:
:
Token Passing CSMA
.
: :
CSMA/CD
: :

DSSS :


:
)( )( .
)( )(.
: D
:
= n =
=T =

= =
:

--

 /.

: C :
=w = KHz
=n =
:
CSMA/CD Token Passing
: Token Passing presistant CSMA :
- . : Presistant Non presistant CSMA
P-Presistant .
:
:
.
: IEEE 802.6
: .Roll-Call

--