Mexican Revolution 4

Institutionalization
 1928 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION
 President Calles.
 Generals Gomez and
Serrano
 Attempted to take power
before Obregon
 Obregon assassinated
 Presidential succession
crisis
 Political Parties
 MID 1920S – EDUCATION MINISTER
VASCONCELOS
 INSPIRED STUDENT ACTIVISTS TO
ORGANIZE POLITICAL PARTIES
 PARTIDO DE ACCION NACIONAL – PAN
– CONSERVATIVE
 PARTIDO POPULAR [PROGRESSIVE]
 PNR (later the PRI)
 CALLES PROPOSAL TO SOLVE THE
POLITICAL CRISIS
 CREATION OF A POLITICAL PARTY TO
CATER TO “MOST” REVOLUTIONARY
CAUDILLOS
 PARTIDO NACIONAL
REVOLUCIONARIO – PNR
 ANTECEDENT TO PRI – PARTIDO
REVOLUCIONARIO INSTITUCIONAL
 PNR/PRI
 BECAME THE MEANS FOR SELECTING
MEXICO’S PRESIDENTS
 IMPLEMENT THE PROGRAMS OF THE
POLITICAL PARTY
 MAINTAIN A POLITICAL ELITE THROUGH
PATRONAGE AND CORRUPTION
 LIMIT THE ROLE OF THE MILITARY IN
POLITICS
 CONTROL THE OPPOSITION THROUGH
ELECTORAL FRAUD, VIOLENCE, AND
JUDICIAL MANIPULATION
 The MAXIMATO
 CALLES THOUGHT TO MAINTAIN
CONTROL THROUGH HIS TOTAL
CONTROL
 CALLES – JEFE MAXIMO - MAXIMATO
 1929
 1929 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION –
PROVED NO DIFFERENT THAN
PREVIOUS PRESIDENTIAL CONTESTS
 VIOLENCE REMAINED A PART OF THE
MEXICAN POLITICAL PROCESS
 USE OF ASSASSINATION, TORTURE,
AND EXECUTION BY HITMEN
CHARACTERIZED MEXICAN POLITICS
 LAZARO CARDENAS
 Born May 21, 1895 –
died October 19, 1970
 born into a lower-
middle class family in
Michoacán.
 President of Mexico
from 1934 to 1940.
 1934 – became PNR
Candidate
 Cardenas’ Legacy
 COALITION OF SUPPORTERS – MILITARY,
AGRARIAN, AND LABOR SUPPORTERS
 PROGRESSIVE PROGRAM
 AGRARIAN REFORM
 SOCIALISTIC EDUCATION
 ECONOMIC NATIONALISM
 LEGACY – MEXICAN NATIONALISM
 EXPROPRIATION OF OIL RESOURCES –
1938