7.

233

7.
, ,
.

. .
(, , , ), (,
, ,...) (, , ).
, .
SI (Systme International dUnits)
:
1.
l, L
2.
m
3.
t
4.
I
5.
T
6.
n
7.
Iv
7.1. SI
.

l, L

kg

.
.

mol

Iv

(candela)

cd

SI

1/299 792 458- (1983.)
-
(1901.)
9 192 631 770

133 (1967.)


,
1,
2x10-7 .
273,16-
. (1967.)

0,012
12. (1971.) ( ,
, ,
, ,
).

5401012
1/683 .
(1979.)

7.

234

7.2. SI

x,y,z,l,r

SI-

. *

AE

1 AE = 149,600109 m

SG

1 SG = 9,46051015 m

(Hertz)

f,
n

a
gn

M
p
L
J

SI

sm
rad

sr
m2
a
ha
b
m3
l
barrel
kg
g
t
Kt
kg/m3
s
min
h
d
Hz
min-1

1 = 10-10 m
1sm = 1952 m
1 rad = 1 m/m
10 = /180 rad
2rad = 3600
1 sr = 1 m2/m2
1a = 100 m2
1 ha = 100 a = 104 m2
1 b = 10-28 m2
1 l = 10-3 m3 = 103 cm3
1 barrel = 158,987 l
SI-
1 g = 10-3 kg
1 t = 103 kg
1 Kt = 0,2 g
1 kg/m3 = 10-3 g/cm3
SI-
1 min = 60 s
1 h = 60 min = 3600 s
1 d = 24 h
1 Hz = 1/s
1 min-1 = 1/60 s-1

1/s

(Newton)
*
-
-
--

m/s
kn
m/s2
g
rad/s
rad/s2
N
kp
Nm
Ns
Nms
kg m2

1 m/s = 3,6 km/h

1 kn = 1sm/h = 0,5144 m/s
g = 9,80665 m/s2
1 rad/s = 1/s
1 rad/s2 = 1/s2
1 N = 1 kg m /s2
1 kp = 9,80665 N
1 N s = 1 kg m/s
1 N m s = 1 k m2/s

7.

235

7.2. SI ()

W
E
Q

SI

.

.

E
G
K

(Joule)
-
-
*
*
v (Watt)
*
(Pascal)

mm
*
. *

*
. *
(Pascal)

Pa s

1 Pa s = 1 kg/(s m)

poise* ()

P
m2/s
St
A
A/m2
V

1 P = 0,1 Pa s

.
.


.

. .
. .
. .
.
. .
. .
.

.
.
.

I
j, J
U

Stokes* ()

(Volt)

J
kW h
eV
Erg
cal
W
KS
Pa
Bar
mm Hg
Torr
atm

1J=1Nm=1Ws
1 kW h = 3,6106 J
1 eV = 1,60210-19 J
1 erg = 10-7 J
1 cal = 4,1868 J
1 W = 1 J/s = 1 V A
1 KS = 735,5 W
1 Pa = 1 N/m2
1 bar = 105 Pa =103 mbar
1 mm Hg = 133,322 Pa
1 Torr = 1,333224 mbar
1 atm = 1,01325105 Pa

at

1 at = 1 kp/cm2 = 0,981bar

m WS
Pa
MPa
MPa
MPa

R
G

Q
Q

E
H

1 St = 10-4 m2/s
SI-
1 V = 1 W/A
1 V = 1 kg m2/(A s3)
1 = 1 V/A
1 S = 1 A/V = 1/
1 m = 1 V m/A
1 S/m = 1/( m)
1C=1As
1 A h = 3600 C

(Ohm)

-
/
(coulomb)
-

S
m
S/m
C
Ah
C/m2

(Farad)
/

F
F/m

1 F =1 C/V = 1 A s/V
1 F/m = A s/(V m)

/
/
* (Oersted)

V/m
A/m
Oe

1 V/m = 1 kg m/(s3 A)

D
C

1 m WS = 9806,65 Pa
1 Pa = 1 N/m2
1 MPa = 1 N/mm2
1 MPa = 1 N/mm2
1 MPa = 0,102 kp/mm2

1 Oe = [103/(4p)] A/m

7.

236

7.2. SI ()

. .

. .
.

.. .
. .
.

(
)

T
t,

Q
c

(Weber)
* (Maxwell)

* (Gau)
(Henry)
/
(Kelvin)

. *
(Fahrenheit)
(Joule)

SI

Wb
M
T
G
H
H/m
K
C
F

J
J/(kg K)
W/(m K)

W/(m2 K)

I
L

E
Ee
Ie

cd/m2
Stilb*

cd
sb
lm
lx
W/m2
W/sr

1 Wb = 1 V s = 1 T m2
1 M = 10-8 Wb
1 T = 1 Wb/m2 = 1 V s/m2
1 G = 10-4 T
1 H = 1 Wb/A = 1 V s/A
1 H/m = 1 V s/(A m)
SI-osnovna jedinica
t/0C = T/K 273,15
t/0F = 1,8t/0C + 32
1 J = 1 kg m2/s2 = 1 W s

SI-
1 sb = 104 cd/m2
1 lm = 1 cd sr
1 lx = 1 lm/m2

W/(m2 sr)

Le
D

dpt

1 dpt = 1/m

Becquerel ()

Bq

1 Bq = 1/s

D
J

n
M
Vm

Cm

Curie* ()
Gray ()
Rad* ()
Sievert ()
Rem* ()

Rntgen* ()

Ci
Gy
rd
Sv
rem
Gy/s
C/kg
R
mol
g/mol
l/mol

1 Ci = 3,71010 Bq
1 Gy = 1 J/kg
1 rd = 0,01 Gy
1 Sv = 1 J/kg
1 rem = 0,01 Sv
1 Gy/s = 1 W/kg
1 C/kg = 1 A s/kg
1 R = 258106 C/kg
SI-
1 g/mol = 10-3 kg/mol
1 l/mol = 10-3 m3/mol

J/(mol K)

: (*) ,
.

:

:
duina ( put )
s
brzina
;
v
vreme
t

7.

237

:
masa
m
;

zapremina
V

gustina=

7.3.

24

(yotta)

10

10-1

(zetta)

1021

10-2

(exa)

18

10

10-3

1015

10-6

1012

(milli)

(micro)

10-9

109

(pico)

10-12

105

10-15

10

(atto)

10-18

(hecto)

102

10-21

(deca)

da

10

(yocto)

10-24

m
: v=V/m.
n n
n : Vm=V/n.