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    Christopher Phoenix English Ruler

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    8K views10 pages

    Christopher Phoenix English Ruler

    Uploaded by

    Bhuvan Kumar
    Christopher Phoenix English Ruler

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 10
    ACTIVE AND PASSIVE BASED ON TENSE 1. Simple Present Active : Doer/Agent +P. yi Object Passive : Object +is/am/are+ P, V’sby+Doer/Agent FE one sarge & rere ae ; Active: Preeti cooks Fish + L L a Vp Object Passive; Fish is cooked = by _—~Preeti Lob ob dey S beverb pv By -DOER get wer: Active : She gives you a mango. Passive : You are given a mango by her. 2. Present Progressive : Active : Doer/Agent +is/am/are+ Vp +ing + Object Passive : Object + is/am/are+ being +Vp* + by + Agent/doer Active: We are watching amovie. Log + L Doer Aux. Vp Object Passive: Amovie is being watched by us. Lode Lol od x AUX. Be-Verb — P. ve By DOER wet var Examples: Active : The golden boy is singing a song Passive : A song is being sung by the golden boy. 3. Present Perfect Active : Doer/Agent+ has/have+ V3 + Object Passive : Object + has/have + been+ V? + by+ Agent SSC VOICE-NARRATION 6 Active: Rajat has proposed a sultry lass 4 4 Doer/Agent Aux.V = Vp Object Passive: A sultry lass has been Proposed by Rajat L L Noun AUxV Be v Doer eet var Active: She has killed a bird, Passive : A bird has been killed by her. 4. Simple Past Active : Doer/Agent + V? + Object Passive : Object + was/were + P, V? + By+ Agent Active: Manish caught a thief + L L Doer v Object Passive : fe Athief was < caught by Manish L + 4 Object Aug pve Doer Shessold my old house. My old house was sold by her. (S' Past Progressive Active : Doer/Agent + Was/Were +P. V+ ing + Object Passive : Object+Was/Were +Being +P. V + By-+ Agent Active: Sheenu was Writing _a billet doux L L 4 Doer —Aux.V BV Object Passive : A billet doux was being written bySheenu L Lolo L Object Aux.V Be PY Doer il wae Active : She was writing a book. Passive : A book was being written by hee... ag, past Perfect joer/Agent +Had + V"+ Object 10 active sObject +Had+ Been +V°* Bys Agent We: asrish had finished the book | L + 4 poer AUK y, Object Passive: The book had been finished by Ashish + o¢ L 4 Doer Aux. a NN be V, Object Active : He had written a book, ?Abook had been written by her. ot s/amfare+ V2 — js/am/are + V,ring ve Isfam/are +Being + V2 Has/Have + V,” Has/Have +Beens V,> cA Was/Were rv. was/Were + Ving Was/Were #Being+ Vp — Wad +V,> Had +Been+V,> Wili/shall/Other modals + V," ‘Will/Shall/Other modals + Be +V,> Will/Shall /Other modals + Haver _V,> Is/am/are/was/were/has/have/had+To+V" Will/Shall/Other modals + Have+ Been + V? Isfam/are/was/were/has/have/had+To+BetV" Is/am/are/was/were+going to+V" Is/am/are/was/were+going to+Be + Examples:- — Active Voice Passive Voice } Shallu reads a novel ‘A Novel is read by Shallu. Sumit Is cooking some decilious food. Leena has done the home work. ‘Abhishek brought spicy non.veg stuffs. ‘Shalesh was buying a few books. Manish had drunk all the milk. Rohit will buy a pair of trousers. Sonu will have finished the work. Mohit has to send me some money. Deepak Ts going to buy a Jaguar. ‘Some decilious food is being cooked by Sumit. The home work has been done by Leena. “Spicy non-veg stuffs were brought by Abhishek. ‘A few books were being bought by Shailesh. ‘All the milk had been drunk by Manish. A pair of trousers will be bought by Rohit. The work will have been finished by Sonu. Thave to be sent a some money by Mohit. A Jaguar is going to be bought by Deepak. ACTIVE AND PASS! Interrogative ara at wort & ee & = 1. Yes/No Questions 2. Wh-Question 4, St aE auxiliary verb 3 GE Ba * Yes/No Question eeara #1 38- Ave you coming tomorrow to meet me? ae a Ared YS Gal 2 it fos TH auniliary verb, Faferq ¥2 TH Yes/No Question El 2. at AIR interrogative words 3@ Why, When, Where, What, How, Who, Whom, ete. 5 e Wh- Question aera @1 a Why did you break my heart?, Fe TEI Why aS YE BM eA. GH Interrogative Words # afm =H 2 Why Question #e1 Passive voice of Yes/No question 1. ‘wa area SM Auxiliary verb SUE wt Ft passive: Hacer auxiliary verb r WAIT Subject BEA WF Object F AAR eat 2 Passive of questions Starting with: Do/Does _Structure:— Active : Do/Does +S-+V,+ 0? Passive :1s/Am/Are +5 +V,°+ By + Agent? Example: ‘Active : Do you need a book? Passive : Is a book needed by you? Passive of questions starting with Did Structure: Active : Did + Agent + V,!+ Object Passive : Was/Were + Object +V, + By + Agent Example: Active : Did he eat a mango? pasisve : Was a mango eaten by him? SSE _ ATION “Ry VE SENTENCES INTERROGATIVE SENTEN - BASED ON ICE ee intertOt passive of questions starting with Has/Have/Had passive mentior structure: exampl ‘Active : Has/have/Had + Agent + V,"+ Object active: passive: Has/Have/Had + Object* Been sip, Passive Doer/Agent active? passiv' Example: ‘Active: Have you taken this book? a passive :Has this book been taken by you~ saat F\Lotivac Passive of questions starting with struct "157 Am/ Are/ Was/ Were 4) 8 Structure: Gy is/ am/: are/ was/ were Agent. +" Exam ings ...0.2 ‘Activ passive: is/am/are/was/were+ Object.+ Beings Pass by Agent? L 2 ‘Example: init Active: Are you asking Bre something? Passive: Is something being asked by you? er Passive oftquestions starting with str ge Modal Au Verb i) Structureres? fs (Active : Modal + Agent+ V,"4 Object? a Passive : Modal + Object+ Be+ V,°+ By + Agent? x Example : 1 A. Can you control this mob? 2 P. Can this mob be controlled by you? Passive voice of Wh-Questions 2 34 ST wh-pronoun (who, whom, what, why! how/which) & BR @t at wheat area BT G passived ot wai six gad aK vera form 1 FEAT BEL am a Frafeian fafer a ot wae ame The Passive of Wh-Questions = rogaive words+ Passive of Yes/No Question. | woe words = Why, When, Where, What, f How [Except Who/Whom] ave of Yes/NO Questions - As per the above- | _ rjoned ules: le: why have you done the work? why has the work been done by you? can you do this? can this be done by you? Passi ct ive ; How sive: HOW yt interrogative sentence who® BE Bt at 38 Ware ware STAT Bh Pas geet passive are iy bywhom + Aux. Verb + Object +be+v,"? jy ho + Aux. Verb + Object tbe+V,+ by? Example? & dive: Who has written the Book of Mirdad? Passive: 1 Bywhom has the Book Sf Mirdad been written? 5 who has the Book of Mirdad been written by? AT interrogative sentance which UR Bt aw “aoe passive ATA FH VRE SeaTET Are I " Structure: “ : (i) By which + Aux. Verb + Object + be +V,"? {ii) Which + Aux. Verb + Object + be+V2+by? Bxample:- ‘Active: Which boy broke your legs? Passive: 1. By which boy were your legs broken? 2. Which boy were your legs broken by? AFT interrogative sentence whom IS Wt at ‘FART passive aT FA MET TATE ATA Structure:— Who + Aux, Verb +be +V,*+ by + Doer/Agent? Example: Active: Whom did you laugh at? Passive: Who was laughed at by you? strictures in &M we A _—— Impereative Bt @ - 7 AA B orders( Passive @rert a We aie att Active: Love 1 Passive : 1Let+O+Be+V? +... 2. You are ordered to +V*+...0... Example;— Active : Shut the window. Passive = 1, Letthe window be shut 2. You are ordered to shut the window. ‘Wotive 2 Bring a glass of water Passive :” 1. Leta glass of water be brought 2. You aré.ordered to bring a glass of water. Note: 4a Starcaa area @ Verb (intransitive) ft object® #1 at Sam Passive fer Frefaiad sitet S Baarat set 21 “You are ordered/commanded/forbiddento/asked tov Example:— = : Active: Doitonce. & Passive: You are ordiéted to do it Active: Dowdt sastere. Passive: You arg'tommanded not to go there./You are for giao to go there. GWT ee ( suggestion) wt wa Feat ae Passive Hat FE eC SATE TTA BI = Active: | Passive: VE + OF ve 1. $+ Should + Be +V* 2. You are advised to + V* +. Example: ‘Active : Help the needy woman. Passive: 1. The needy woman should be helped 2. You are advised to help the needy woman. Active : Love a beautiful woman. Passive: 4. Abeautiful woman should be loved. 2, You are advised to love & beatiful CSTR please/kindly HM Bt at TAA passive Srey Ba WHT SAT SiTaT Active : Please/Kindly+\V"+0/V'+0+ Kindly/Please Passive : You are requested + Tot V! +O Example : Active: Do it for me please. Passive :You are requested to do it for me. Active: Kindly finish the work now. You are requested to finish the work now. Passsive voice of different types of sentences Rule: 01. PASSIVE OF INFINITIVE Active : To+V" | Passive: To+Be+V" Examples: {a) Active : There is no time.to lose. Passive : There is no time to be lost. (b) Active : We have nothing to gain. Passive : Nothing is to be gained. Rule 02 PASSIVE OF TO BE VERB Is/Am/Are/Was/Were + To + V' #1 Passive #7 73 are aa Bs Is/Am/Are/Was/Were/Has/Have/Had/+To Be +\*+.. Examples: Active: He is to do it. Passive: It is to be done by him, Active: She is to buy a car. Passive: A car is to be bought by her. Rule: 03 “There + To be verb + Noun + Infinitive’ #7 passive WH OWS FET ae 21 Active : There + is/am/are/was/were + Noun/Pron + Infinitive Passive: “Theres S/anVare/was/weres Noun/Pron +to + “5. SiR finally, 3177 by + doer/agent #1 WaT Ft | Example: ‘active : There are five books to write, passive :There are five books to be written, Active : There is @ piece of work to do passive :There is @ piece of work to be done. Rule:04 ‘Have/Has/Had + To +V"%T passive FS wae art #1 ‘Active : Doer/Agent + has/have/had + to+y4. passive : 0 +has/have/had+to+ be + V* + by + Age Example: ‘Active: | have to write a book. Passive ; A book has to be written by me, Rule:05 aA Active 4 FI a pprPrPre ee Structure: Doer/Agent + Verb + Object + Bare infinifive WaT Verb @ FATA let, bid, make, see, watch, he notice, help, gears fararait wr weiPT Ear SAT Passive ST WaT Step 1. Active Sentence *FObject, Subject 7 GTi 2. Aux. Verb 1 SETHTE Tense & 3tTAR Gi 3. Verb ® Third form %1 WT BE 4. Verb % AE MAH Bare Infinifive, Fi To infinifive Structure: Passive : 0 + Aux. Verb + Vp"+ to + V+ by Doer/Agent aa- A He made me taugh L L Lb 4 Doer PV — Pronoun _B.Inf E ! was made to laugh toby 4 7 ° Au py? To- inf aa main Verb #t bleed FI WaT B at bare Note’ gt SHE To infinitive = wai sey fi soft ye at I TA IT BY oir BE jetmedance. we Masiet dance by him. F pele! was let go bY her. made him cry. te was made to CFV. P Tave heard her sing a song. » Spe has been heard to sing a song. ule: 05 Passive Voice of Modal Verbs acive Agent + Modal + Vp? + Object possve: objectt Modal+ Be +V,° #By + Agent Examples: ‘adive :You can do it. passive st can be done by you. Active : You must do it, passive : It must be done by'you. Modal Auxiliary Verb May, Might, Shall, Should, Can, Could, Will Would, Must, Ought To, Used To, Need , Dare. Rule 06 : a objects amet Sentences HT Active @ Passive wr at fete BBW verbs wa E Tt at-ad OBJECTS TH HEAT € ¥€ Ditransitive verbs Het ate € feat Tt UH Pomecrat FFF Mono-transitive Het WZ FFF Active Sentence ¥ @ objects #1 FEAT Brat @ 1 & Passive Sentence Ta TH Wal él % She gave me some money. 3H Sentence ¥ at OBJECTS (Me and some Money) #1 $a aT A 'me’ UF Indirect object SH ‘Some money’ Direct abject #1 Direct Object : sentence #1 faraaAT answer what ye question #4 Ue firetat % AE Direct object Question : What : did she give? answer 'Somemeney uestion : Whom, did Answer: Me she ghar ~ . = objects ara art & @ passive Sentences = bh 8 WH are Direct object at ARR a = WU AIF Indirect object St wax a AIT ‘WE SN fel aT] (She gave me some money) 8 passive are 3a WER ML ._, Active: She gave me some money Pasive:, (2) | was given some money by her. (b) Some money was given to me by her. Note: fe ara Y et Objects ta # sa ai a aa Indirect object 8 @ArH SEI Feat HAT STAT 1 AG TA verbs Ba FW A a UH objects Wat 813 ya va é: Tell, Fetch, Bring, Present, Give, Lend, Pay, Sell, Take, Promise, Teach, Offer etc. Subject + Vétb'+ Preposition + Object et at saaer Passive Structure Fafa rm! Structure: Active : Doer/Agent + Aux. V+V,+ Prep + Object Passive : Object + Aux. Verb +V,?+ Prep + By+ Doet/ Agent 3a area at ae oS: Active: 1 will look — into the matter. L L Doer Aux. BV Prep Object Passive : Thematter will be looked into by Lod nw Ro PVE Pre Main Verb 1 S076 let 31 weit et a bare | note SF ae To infinitive 51 sein et ‘direct Object : frre witve 1 questi : answer Whom (Pre) ge ETE Seenionsth fran fe idee octet ee Questi S ares 3 ery eletmedance. Answer nat did she give? Mi glet dance by him. Wer : Some money Peete g- Question : Whom dd she eve? A yaslet go by her. ewer te f j made him crV. = I objects art aradh & = passive Sentences p Hewas Te oa ason a STW Bi GH rer Direct object @ Wa a A tnave near 1g a song. ait Ga BIE Indirect object #4 HEE a she has been heard to sing a song. Fa Re Se aftig , seam ‘ = "IFA (She gave me some money) it Passive 3a Fa WR ae passive Voice of Modal Verbs ng tl ave me some money = (a) Lwas given so * sme money by her. ye :Agent + Modal + Vp" + Object (b) Some money was given to me by her. sive : Objectt Modal + Be +V,” +By + Agent Note: fm arer ¥ 2 objects ea & sa 7 ves easton: : Passive, Indirect object @ A FAR] Aka AT STA ‘dive #You can do it. = 1 pase Itcan be done by you BW BS verbs He Eat A aT TH object & ‘Active : You must do it. wae ha ga ware: passive :It must be done byyou. ° = Tell, Fetch, Bring, Present, Give, Lend, Pay, Sell, Modal Auxiliary Verb Take, Promise, Teach, Offer etc. May, Might, Shall, Should, Can, Could, wilt Would, Must, Ought To, Used To, Need, Dare, ‘ule 07: ae: aff Active Sentgince HT Structure : Subject + Verb + Preposition + Object & at ¥aeT I Active S P: objects ae Sentences I Active H Passive ps e'structure frerfeatiad BHI aaah at ferfet : Structure: BB verbs ea Eat aI-at OBJECTS FART Active : Doer/Agent + Aux. V+V,+ Prep + Object # 5% Ditransitive verbs Het Stet & Set Gt TH zt = £5 Mono-transitive %at At # Passive : Object + Aux. Verb +V,?+ Prep + By+ Doet/ fF Active Sentence % @ objects = Satara iat t Reet HH @ Passive Sentence FAM A WHAM 2 a sree a ee 8 TR ‘she gave me some money. sae: will look — into the matter. ¥H Sentence ¥ @ OBJECTS (Me and some l U U money) #1 ga are H'me’ Wi Indirect object ye Au, «LV Prep Obie ‘Some money’ Direct abject @! Passive: will be looked into byme Direct Object : Sentence % faeasT answer what The matter ‘% FN) B question wea Ut Prete & AE Direct object Object Aux, Be PV 5 : aan Fa Faq TE RU ATT verbs wy # Vedpal can look after all his Sisters-in-law. aint G1 ATE STA Prepositions aS Passive : All hi - i brea is sisters-in-law can be looked after WE Ue ST Gil F Voice: Change ary ¥ a . wrt P ce Rema Vinay and Shushank have given up Addicted to Amazed ing for good. at a . ‘ith Passive : Smoking has been given up byRaman, Vinay Annoyed avait mi Astonished ae | Rule and Shushank for good. Compare with Dependenton | a J Active : | will enquire into the case. Diszisted nae psinteresteg ing 2 Passive : The case will be enquired into by me. Displeased i fe erestedin | weet Active : He laughed at me, Invited to a ocked at Passive : | was laughed at by him. Meee ith prens to wi Note: Passive agent a aaa ga aia a ret ware Please ial ca w@ Prepared for Quarreted with BF verb % arg sre =H preposition aan & a. Satisfied with @ We Ea wo ani AIA ARETE |B important Phrasal Verbs #t AIK FX active : Sheenu Knows Sarika ver well, e ) A ry Tait Passive Voice Faeet aaa Vetb sik Preposition passive : Sarika is known to Sheenu very well, 1 a Be aI Active: This idea interests me. = Account for C Aim at Passive: | am interested in this idea, af © Arrive at ale 09: S Ask for = Breakdown fe Active Sentence 1 Structure: Break out Break up = ¥ Bing abot Bring up Doer Agent + Verb + Obtect + Complement # ; all tor sil ia Verb ait SITE make fect, appoint, Select, : Calliott ae ete at Waitt et at Passive farafertan ( Compare with/to Compiy with a ere ag Congratulate on Give up Passive: oe Insist on Interested in Object + AuxVerb + Bet V,? + Comp. + By Doer/' Look after Look into Cagent Pleased with Preferto oy Provide with Acquaint with me , aati fun away Active : We made him a manager. runinto mao Passive : He was made a manager by us. Send for Supply with Rule 10; sympathize with Take care of “€fS Imperative Sentence ‘Let’ & Start & Wt FT Take over Knock at Passive Structure FA Wea tat TT Rule 08: Active : Let + Object ++ V' + Object?+ Generally @4 doer/agent % WEA 'By Preposition Passive: Let+ Object 2+ Be +V2+ by+ Obj ar walt att @1 tifeat |S TA verbs $1 fs Example:- ete : WA Wa & Preposition a Tet fre Active : Let me finish the work. Passive : Let the work be finished by ST 12 in tet Sudheer bring a glass of milk for ow et seta glass of milk be brought for Preeti assveysudheer. si ce Att awe sete snce I Structure- ‘Ei tt FART Passive Structure Fa that + we + should +.V,1* pave: Let us Play. pass (ey active: Let us dance.

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