DIRECT DESIGN SLAB witHovT BEAMs EXAMPLE 2 Design by the direct design method a typical interior flat slab with drop panels to carry a dead load of 7.86 kNim? and a live load = 10 kN/m?. The floor system consists of six panels in each direction, with a panel size of 6.0 by 5.4 m. All panels are supported by 0.4-mliameter columns with 1.0-m-diameter column capitals. The story height is 3.0 m. Use f = 21 MPa and f, = 420 MPa Solution 1. All the ACI limitations to use the direct design method are met. Determine the minimum slab thickness A, using equations 17.1 through 17.3. Diameter of the column capital equals 1.0 m, The equivalent square column section of the same area will have a side = VarR; = Vn(500)? = 885 mm, say, 900 mm. Clear span (long direction) = 6.0 - 0.9 = 5.1m Clear span (short direction) = 5.4 — 0.9 = 4.5 m Since no beams are used, aq = 0, 8, = 1.0 because all panel edges are continuous, and 8 = 6.0 m/S.4 m= 111. From equation 17.1, CAmMADIAX CA AIS No hoe ae) __— ¢sA 13.3.3 AMER! A 36,000 + 5000 8 [im = 0.51 ~ By(t + DI @VE 5100{800 + 0.73 x 420) = 156.7 mm * 36,000 + 5000 x 1.110 - 0) acai From ecquation 19:2, SAP ape 144800 + 0.73f,) 36,000 + S0008(1 + B) 5100(800 + 0.73 x 420) 36,000 + 5000 x 1.11 + 1) but not more than CsA 3-3-4 Zz = 120mm Hayy = 125 mm (5.0 in.) Thus A, = 156 mm controls, but since a drop panel is used, the AC! Code, section 953, lowers h, by 10 percent if the drop panels extend in each direction from the centerline olthe support a distance = 1/6 and project below the slab a distance > h,/4, Therefore, use slab thickness h, = 0.9 x 156 = 140 mm, and a drop panel as follows: 6.0 Long direction = 2.0 m (both sides of support) 3 t Short direction 2 = 1.8 m (both sides of support) Bis ‘Thickness of drop panel = 1.25h, = 1.25 x 140 = 175 mm. Increase drop panel thickness to 220 mm to provide adequate thickness for punching shear and to avoid the use of high percentage of steel reinforcement. Details are shown in Figure 17.35 2. Calculate ultimate loads: Wy = 14 x 7.87 + 1.7 x 10 = 28 KN/m? 3. Check two-way shear, first in drop panel: The critical section is at a distance d/2 around the column capital. Let d = 220 — 30 mm = 190 mm, Diameter of shear section = 1.0m + d= 1.19 m = 28 [6.0 x 5.4 - Z(1.199| = 876 kN by = 20 ) =3.74m 0.85. x 1000 3 <= V21 x 3740 x 190 = 913 KN OV. = 0.33 VFIbod = which is greater than V, of 876 KN. Then check two-way shear in slab: The critical sectio is at a distance d/2 outside the drop panel d (slab) = 140 — 30 = 110 mm Critical area = (2.0 + 0.11)(1.8 + 0.11) = 4.03 m? by = 22.11 + 1.91) = 8.04 m Vy = 28(6 x 5.4 ~ 4,03) = 794 kN 0.85 x 0. oy, = SS VAI x 8040 x 110 = 1137 KN > Vy One-way shear is not critical. 4. Calculate the total static moments in the long and short directions: ble & (s.4ns.1y = 491.6 KN-m 28 Lula = Fy (6)(4.57 = 425.2 KN-m Since I) <1), the width of the column strip in the long direction = 2(0.25 x 5.4) - 2.7 m. The width of the column strip in the short direction = 2.7 m. Assuming that the steel bars are 12 mm in diameter and those in the short direction are placed on top of the bars in the long direction, then the effective depth in the short direction will be about 10 mm less than the effective depth in the long direction. ‘The d values and the design proco,/2 10m 1 a2 Diameter i 7 | xX ZZ é \ (18 +4) 18m! UY ! + ~ at ZB pow? ) eed es S 4 besa 4m: Loom +! (2 +d) 119 m— Punching in slab Critical section In drop panel FIGURE 17.35. Example 17.10. Interlor flat slab with drop panelLong direction Short direction Mg = 491.6 kN-m | Mg = 425.2 kN-m My = -0.65My = ~319.5 kN-m | M, = -0.65M, = -276.4 kN-m My = +0.35M. = +172.] kN-m My = +0.35M, = +148.8 kNem Column strip Middle strip | Column strip idle strip 0.75M, 0.60M, 0.25M, 0.40M, 0.75Mq 0.60M, 0.25M, 0.40M, 239.6 + 103.3 -79.9 +68.8 -207.3 +89.3 ~69.1 +595 190 0 ho 110 180 100 100 100 Strip width 6 (m) 27 27 By 27 27 27 33 33 R= a (MPa) 2.46 3.16 2.44 | 3.30 2.10 1.80 Steel ratio p 0.0071 0.0093 0.007 0.010 0.006 0.005 Ay = pbd (mm) 3642 2762 2079 2700 1980 1650 Min. A, = 0.001864 | 1070 680 680 680 832 832 (om Bars selected 18x 16mm 14x 16mm 19 x 12mm 14x 16mm 18 x 12mm 15 x 12 mm Straight bars 4 7 3 7 4 8 Bent bars 14 7 16 7 14 Gi Spacing (mm) 150 193 142 193 183 220