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Petrologi-7 Khusus Batuan Volkanik
Petrologi-7 Khusus Batuan Volkanik
DESKRIPSI DAN
PENAMAAN BATUAN
VOLKANIK
Alur Pembelajaran
PENDAHULUAN
DASAR PENAMAAN
TERMINOLOGI
PENAMAAN SECARA DESKRIPSI
PENAMAAN SECARA GENESA
TUF & BREKSI GUNUNG API
PENDAHULUAN
BATUAN GN. API TERSEBAR LUAS
DI INDONESIA
SANGAT SEDIKIT PENELITI
VOLKANOLOGI
LINGKUP VOLKANOLOGI
VOLKANOLOGI SBG ILMU MURNI
DAN ILMU TERAPAN
Central
eruptions:
styles and
landforms
Basaltic
lavas
Andesitic to
Rhyolitic
lavas
Basaltic to
Andesitic
lavas
Andesitic to
Rhyolitic
lavas
Shield Volcanoes
Flat, broad volcanoes formed by thousands of thin basaltic lava flows
Example: Mauna Loa (Hawaii) the tallest structure on Earth (10 km high)
Volcanic Domes
Highly viscous (does not flow easily) felsic lava blocks the vent
Pressure builds up and volcano usually explodes in a pyroclastic eruption
(know that mount St. Helens is an example)
Piroklastika jatuhan
Proses
ika
t
sedimentasi iroklas
n
ira
l
A
ar
h
la
n
ira
l
A
Kubah lava
Leher gunungapi
sill
Aliran lava
retas
Volkanisme
Kantong magma
Dapur magma
Proses
magmatisme
DASAR PENAMAAN
DESKRIPSI NAMA (SECARA
DESKRIPSI)
DESKRIPSI GENESA NAMA
(SECARA GENESA)
KOMBINASI NAMA SECARA
DESKRIPSI & GENESA
LINGKUP PENAMAAN
MEGASKOPIK CONTOH
SETANGAN
MEGASKOPIK DI LAPANGAN
MIKROSKOPIK
KIMIAWI
PARAMETER DESKRIPSI
WARNA
TEKSTUR (BENTUK & UKURAN
BUTIR/KRISTAL, KEMAS,
SORTASI)
STRUKTUR (PENDINGINAN
CEPAT & PENGENDAPAN)
KOMPOSISI (MINERAL,
BATUAN)
PARAMETER GENESA
SUMBER (ERUPSI GUNUNG API)
PROSES (MEKANISME
PEMBEKUAN/ PENGENDAPAN)
UMUR (PEMBEKUAN/
PENGENDAPAN)
LINGKUNGAN (PEMBEKUAN/
PENGENDAPAN
PENAMAAN DESKRIPTIF
MINERALOGI LAVA KOHEREN
% Berat SiO 2
45 - 52
Andesit basal
53 57
Andesit
58 63
Dasit
64 68
Riolit
69 - 75
HYALOCLASTITE
CLASTIC AGGREGATES FORMED BY
NON-EXPLOSIVE FRACTURING AND
DISINTEGRATION OF QUENCHED
LAVAS AND INTRUSIONS THAT ARE
EXTRUDED UNDER (SEA) WATER
BERUPA BREKSI ATAU BATUPASIR,
FRAGMEN & MATRIKS TERSUSUN
OLEH GELAS
ALIRAN LAVA
ALIRAN LAVA BONGKAH
ALIRAN LAVA AA & PAHOE-HOE
ALIRAN LAVA BANTAL
Breksi autoklastika
Pyroclastic Rocks
Clastic volcanic materials, disrupted and
ejected during volcanic activity.
They are subdivided into three groups on the
basis of size:
Ash is materials composed of particles
smaller than 2 mm in diameter
Lapilli are pyroclastics with 2-64 mm in
diameter.
Bombs and blocks with size larger than
64mm
The fragments composed of
crystals, crystal fragments and or rock frag
ments.
2-16mm
<2mm
>16mm
BATUAN PIROKLASTIKA
JATUHAN PIROKLASTIKA
ALIRAN PIROKLASTIKA
SERUAKAN PIROKLASTIKA
( PYROCLASTIC SURGES )
h an
a
Ar ntar
lo
LAHAR
A MUDFLOW CONTAINING DEBRIS
AND ANGULAR BLOCKS OF
VOLCANIC ORIGIN (van Bemmelen,
1949)
ALIRAN MASSA YG BERUPA
CAMPURAN AIR DAN BAHAN LEPAS
BERBAGAI UKURAN, YG BERASAL
DARI LETUSAN/KEGIATAN GN.API
(DSN, 1995)
CIRI-CIRI LAHAR
BERBUTIR PASIR - BONGKAH
BENTUK MERUNCING
TANGGUNG - MEMBULAT
TANGGUNG
SORTASI BURUK
FRAGMEN MENGAMBANG DI
DALAM MATRIKS
TIDAK ADA STRUKTUR DALAM
TUF ( TUFFS )
SECARA DESKRIPSI: BATUAN
GN.API BERTEKSTUR
KLASTIKA, BERBUTIR PASIR,
TERSUSUN OLEH GELAS,
KRISTAL DAN ATAU FRAGMEN
BATUAN DALAM BERBAGAI
PROPORSI
PERMASALAHAN
SANDY TUFFS (TUF PASIR ATAU
TUF PASIRAN ?)
TUFFACEOUS SANDTONES
(BATUPASIR TUF ATAU
BATUPASIR TUFAN ?)
TUFFACEOUS SANDSTONE
A HYBRID ROCK IN WHICH THE VOLCANIC
EJECTAMENTA CONSTITUTE LESS THAN
NONVOLCANIC DEBRIS (Pettijohn, 1957)
IN CLASSIFICATION OF EPICLASTIC ROCKS
SUGGESTS THAT TUFFACEOUS TO BE
ADDED AS A PREFIX TO ROCKS CONTAINING
PYROCLASTIC MATERIAL < 2 MM IN SIZE
(Fisher, 1961)