caren 5 - Shading Methods: Davao City Studies Building design should consider solar paths in various Tocalities in order to. be energy efficient structures. Efficiency in the operations of buildings for human habitation, considers the comfort zones of the individual. Providing the most comfortable working condition including ambient temperature with the least expense in regular operation is the basic goal of cnergy efficiency, A thorough analysis of the sun's annual path and its effect on the structure must be accomplished. The Philippines is a tropical country and the warm, humid climate we expeticnee regularly is typical of the ASEAN region. “The tropical region is located between the Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn which both straddles ‘on the 23.5° latitude north and south respectively from the equator. Davao City fies on the 7° latitude north of the equator. Similarly situated are the cities of Zamboanga, Cotabato, Kidapawan, Digos and the Island Garden City of Samal. The capital towns of Mati, Davao Oriental and Isabela, Basilan lies almost the same latirude.- All of these urban centers are Focatcd in the Island of Mindanao, In this study we shall consider Davao City as representative of all these localities. areua/™6-# Fig, 1 Solar longitudinal angles, Kquator Vig. 2 Solar longitudinal angles, Davao Civ ‘The total angular movement of the sun from the two tropical boundaries, Cancer arid Capricorn, sums up fo forty-seven degrees (47°). Davao City, which is 7° latitude from the equator, lias 2 16.5° from the northern tropic of Cancer ang @ 30.5% from the southern tropic of Capricom (see fig. 7). The sun is therefore 16.5° north of the city during the summer solstice, whigh ds on the 21" of June, and 30.5° south during the ‘winter solstice, which happens’¢¥erysDevember 21%(see fig.2). The sun is approximately direct on top of Davao City on'th i 3 of April and 24" of August. “These solstice’s solar piles; would give us the basic direction by which we can design the length of eatiopies 6k hiding devices for walls facing the northern exposure and the southern sun, The casfeinl ald westem exposure can be assumed at times where we feel the suns ray a8 too hott he: ‘morning sun on the East Side could be considered hot by 9:00 AM while the aftemoga fays must ‘be computed up to 3:30 PM, It is assumed or experierice tolls us that in the aftemgon the oulside temperature would have been too hot so we came up with an additional 30 minutos just to offact this condition, After 3:30 the rays of the sun would not ind h heat on the wall that could offset comfortable temperature inside the buildings if ie enh lics: by Ramon P. ‘Tal itt Sun ShadingRompe one eee eee eee NN The following would then be i . ‘ on the preceding ving ould then be the list for solar angles for the cardinal points based © East 245° @ West 525° * North — :16.5" : © South 3° . By assuming that we have 10 shade a one-meter wall on each side, we then have to compute for the tangent of these angles to come up with the necessary length of canopies. rf X =tan 165° K=0.2969 » X= tan 30.5" X= 0.589 Fig. 4 South face ig. 3.North face . x ‘cd Rf Y OVBRUANG “ a ye SUNRAXS ONE METER xX=tan4s? X=1 Fig. 5 East face “These results give us the basig: dimension for extending canopies on the cardinal points. Multiply these results by the length ofthe wall o be shaded and we can come Up with the ‘esired canopy Iength that would decrease heat build up and keep the building inefiors comfortable. As an example fet us:issume a 1.8 meter glass wall on the south face of the building would have to be slddedMulliply 1.8 by 0.589 and wo can come up with a 1.0602 meter overhang enough to:aover the glass from the gun the whole year round. re ena ty eABeing able to compute for thie overhan, i ili is 25 on the sides of buildings facing the cardinal points, itself, would not be gnough to efficiently shade a structure. There ae building fein that Be bs different ‘directions, ‘Such wall spaces can be generalized into sides fe “5 ina 15-degree interval thereby generating 24 sides facing differing directions. (sce 4 ws ‘ NORTH Figure #7 oP These sides can be computed. for their corresponding overhangs along with: side extensions to cope up with: solar movements betwoon the summer and the winter oint can be solved by the equation X = a cos @ where, A cither East or West (see fig, 89/1, aeSUN SHADE DIMENSIONS ~ ? Latitude: Davao City, Mati, Digos, Cotabato, Zamboanga, Basilan, etc. q ‘Bearing of wall | X-factor “ - | Extension south | Extension north | Remarks fc ce cn Fi j ‘NORTH 0.2969 y NISE 0.2867 0.0768 ss N30E 0.500 : 0.1464 8S N45E 0.7071 0.2099 ss” N6OE, 0.866 060 VB {0.2571 88, WS, NSE 0.9659, [0.60___“VB_| 0.2867 88, WS, EAST 1.00 0.589 VB_| 0.2969 SS, WS S75E 0.9659 0.5689 __VB SS, WS S60E 0.866 0.510 VB SS, WS S45E 0.7071 ii [0.4164 WS S30E 0510 = 10.2945 WS_. _ [S15E 0.2588 | 0.1524 Ws SOUTH 0.589 S15 W (0.3364 [0.1524 WS S30W. 0.663 10.2945 WS S45W 0.91923 0.4164 WS S6OW 1.1258 [0.510 VB_ | 0. 33, WS S75W 1.25567 0.5689 VB_|0.30 SS, WS ‘WEST 130 0.589 VB_ | 0.2969 ‘SS, WS NISW. 1.25567: [0.60 _VB_| 0.2867 ‘$8, WS N6OW 1.1258 (0.60 VB [0.2571 SS, WS » [N45 Ww. [0.91923 0.2099 Ss N30W, 0.65 5 : 0.1464 SS. NISW 0.3727 : 0.0768 ss 55; Summer Solstice WS — : Winter Solstice J VB :Vertical Baffle or conti horizontal canopy as substitute