H

()

... 6130

. .

, 2011

(Intelligent Systems and Software Engineering
Laboratory - ISSEL),
()
.


.
,
, . . ,

. , ,

.
, . .

.
,

. ,

. , , ,
,
.
:


.
: 98, 54453,
. : manolas@suibukan.com
-

.

, Web 2.0 .


,
.
,
.


.


.


.
,

. ,

,

.
-:. , , ,
, ,, Flickr, SNS.

Diploma Thesis
Model analysis of personality, emotions and motivations for
recognition of user behavior in Social Networking Sites.

Abstract
The Webs universal prevalence resulted into significant changes in form people
communicate. While the main purpose of the Web initially was to provide access to
information, Web2.0 has totally shifted this pursuit. A key factor for these changes is
the development of the so-called social media, social networks, and content-sharing
websites, which are gaining increasing popularity.
Despite the popularity of these websites, little is known about the factors that affect
human behavior on these social networks. Users content contribution is a crucial
parameter for the viability of internet communities, especially those solely based on
the activity of their members. Consequently, systematic study and understanding the
factors that regulate user behavior, and influence people to contribute towards
online communities is necessary.
To this end, a model for the recognition of user behavior based on online activity in
social networking sites is proposed. We present a theoretical model for the
recognition of user behavior, based on the literature about factors influencing
human behavior. Furthermore, we introduce an ontology and we apply the proposed
model to real data, in order to determine the application process and show that we
can identify primal behavioral characteristics from internet activity.
Thessaloniki, July 2011
Vasileios Manolas
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

Abbreviations
(DB)

(DataBase)

API

Application Programming Interface

ARPA

Advanced Research Projects Agency

CMC

Computer Mediated Communication

EM

Expectation Maximization (Clustering Algorithm)

HTML

HyperText Markup Language

HTTP

HyperText Transfer Protocol

IDE

Integrated Development Environment

JUNG

Java Universal Network/Graph Framework

OWL

Ontology Web Language

RDF

Resource Description Language

RDFS

RDF Schema

SM

Social Media

SNA

Social Network Analysis

SNS

Social Networking Site

SQL

Structured Query Language

UGC

User-Generated Content

URL

Uniform Resource Locator

W3C

World Wide Web Consortium

WWW

World Wide Web

XML

Extensible Markup Language

1. ........................................................................................................................ 14
1.1.

...................................................................................... 14

1.2.

......................................................................................... 15

1.3.

............................................................................. 15

1.4.

...................................................................................... 16

2. .................................................................................................... 19
2.1.

.................................................... 19

2.1.1.

................................................................................. 19

2.1.2.

(Web 2.0). ............................................................. 19

2.1.3.

(Web 3.0 Semantic Web) ......................................... 20

2.2.

.................................................................................................... 21

2.2.1.

.......................................................................................... 22

2.2.2.

.......................................... 23

2.2.3.

...................................................................... 24

2.3.

() ........................................................................ 27

2.3.1.

........................................................................ 27

2.3.2.

.......................................................................................... 28

2.3.3.

................................................................................................. 28

2.3.4.

................................................................................................... 29

2.4.

....................................................................................................... 30

2.4.1.

...................................................................... 31

2.4.2.

.......................................................... 31

2.4.3.

..................................................................... 36

2.4.4.

..................................................................................... 39

2.4.5.

... 40

2.5.

................................................................................................................... 46

2.5.1.

............................................................................................ 46

2.5.2.

........................................................................ 50

2.5.3.

........................................................... 54

2.6.

......................................................................................................... 57

2.6.1.

OCC ....................................................... 58
-

2.6.2.

................................................... 62

2.6.3.

............................................................................. 63

2.6.4.

............................................................................. 64

2.6.5.

Scherer .................................................................................... 65

2.7.

................................................................................................. 67

3. ......................... 68
3.1.

: FFM, PEN & MBTI ......................................................... 68

3.2.

......................................................................................................... 70

3.3.

................................................................................................................... 70

3.4.

................................................................................................................... 71

3.5.

................................................................................................................. 71

3.5.1.

...................................................... 72

3.6.

.................................................................................................. 74

3.7.

......................................................................... 78

3.8.

.............................................................................................. 81

3.8.1.
3.9.

.................................................................... 87

......................................................................................... 88

4. : ............................................ 89
4.1.

Flickr.com ........................................................................................................... 90

4.1.1.

Flickr ............................................................................................... 90

4.1.2.

Flickr. ............................................................................ 92

4.1.3.

Flickr ................................................ 95

4.2.

........................... 96

4.2.1.

................................................................ 97

4.2.2.

.............................................................................................. 98

4.2.3.

................................................... 100

4.2.4.

Flickr ......................................... 103

4.3.

........................................................................................ 107

4.3.1.

............................................................................. 108

4.3.2.

................................................................................. 112

4.3.3.

.......................................................................... 114

4.3.4.

............................................................................ 119

4.4.

......................................................................... 125

4.4.1.

Java................................................................................................................ 126

4.4.2.

Eclipse............................................................................................................ 126

4.4.3.

Oracle SQL Developer..................................................................................... 126

4.4.4.

Weka ............................................................................................................. 126

-

4.5.

............................................................................................... 127

5. ........................................................................ 128
5.1.

...................................................................................................... 128

5.2.

......................................................................... 129

6. ................................................................................................................ 132

10

1: ............................................................... 47
2: OCC88 ............................................................ 62
3: ................................................ 73
4: ...... 82
5: .................... 99
6: .............................. 104
7: .......... 105
8: ............................. 106
9: ................................. 107
10: ............................................................................... 109
11: ......................................................... 109

11

1: ............................................................................. 25
2: .................................................................... 28
3: A. Maslow ...................................................................... 49
4: ERG C. P. Alderfer .............................................................................. 49
5: ............................................................... 52
6: ............................................................ 55
7:
............................................................................ 56
8: ............................................................ 57
9: OCC .................................................................................................... 60
10: R. Plutchik ........................................................... 63
11: R. Plutchik ( ) ................................... 64
12: Breazeal...................... 64
13: Scherer .................................... 66
14: ................. 67
15: 3 ........................................................ 73
16: n ........................................................ 73
17: ............................... 74
18: - .......................... 74
19: ................................. 75
20: ..................................................... 76
21: ................................. 76
22: ............................ 77
23: . ........................ 86
24: ............... 87
25: Portrait Flickr................................................... 94
26: ................................................................................... 98
27: x-y: UserCount - UserGroupCount ..................................................................... 110
28: x-y: UserCount - ContactCount .......................................................................... 110
29: InterquartileRange.................................................... 111
30: ....................................................... 112
31: DBScan, x-y: ContactCount - UserGroupCount................................................... 113
32: DBScan, x-y: ContactCount - PhotoTagSum ....................................................... 113
33: DBScan, x-y: Count(PhotoID) - PhotoTagSum .................................................... 113
-

12

34: EM, LogLikelihood ........................................ 115

35: SSE SSE clusters 2 15 ............ 116
36: SSE clusters 2 50 ................................................... 117
37: () SSE .................................................................... 118
38: Clusters ................................................................ 119
39: clustering ............................ 121
40: clustering () ........... 122
41: clustering ................................................. 124
42: clustering () ............................... 125

13

1.

, .
,
.
.

.
,

.

. ,
.

1.1.

,
, , . ,

.


.
-

14

1.2.

,
. ,

. ,


. ,
,

.

1.3.


. ,

. ,
,
.
,
,

.

-

15

.


.
,
,
.

Flickr1. ,
(Five Factor
Model). ,

.
Flickr
. ,

.
,

(Clustering).

, , .


.

.

1.4.


. :
1

http://www.flickr.com/
-

16

2 :


. ,
(2.2.) (2.3.)
.
(2.4.) , (2.5.)
, (2.6.).
3 :

.
(3.1.), (3.2.), (3.3.)
(3.4.)
. ,
(3.5.) .
,
(3.6.),

(3.7.). ,

(3.8.).
4 : :

, Flickr (4.1.). ,


Flickr (4.2.). ,

(4.3.),
(0.).

17

5 :

, (5.1.). ,
(5.2.)
.

18

2.
2.1.
2.1.1.
1960
ARPA (Advanced Research Project Agency)

, Packet Switched Networks.

ARPAnet.

Tim Berners-Lee [139] CERN 1989

.
, ,

.

2.1.2. (Web 2.0).

,
Web 2.0,
Web 1.0:
.


, , ,
-

19

.
,
.

2.1.3. (Web 3.0 Semantic Web)

.
,

, .

. ,

.
,
.


Web 3.0.
Web 3.0 Semantic web, ,
,


. Semantic web,
. , ,
,
,



-

20

. Web 3.0

. ,


Paris. ,
Paris
.

,
.

2.2.


. ,
,
,
.


,
, online .
Flickr, Facebook2,
YouTube3, Twitter4 .
,

http://www.facebook.com/
http://www.youtube.com/
4
http://www.twitter.com/
3

21

,
.

2.2.1.

. Milgram [139], [87]
6 , Pool Kochen [114]
(the smallworld effect). Granovetter [44]


.


. Adamic et al. [1]
Stanford
-(small world behavior),
. Liben-Nowell et al. [73]

LiveJournal5. , Girvan and
Newman [40]
. , Backstrom et al. [12]
LiveJournal

. , Ahn et al. [3]
.
(Cyworld6), MySpace7
Orkut8.

http://www.livejournal.com/
http://www.cyworld.com/
7
http://www.myspace.com/
8
http://www.orkut.com/
6

22

2.2.2.

. ,
.

,
.
browser plug-ins
9,
[91].

MyWeb 2.0 Yahoo!10
Google Co-op11.

.

[70], [74].
,
. ,
[70], [60],
[71]
[74].
:
1.

.

.
LinkedIn12 Xing 13.

http://www.stumbleupon.com/
http://myweb2.search.yahoo.com/
11
http://www.google.com/coop/
12
http://www.linkedin.com/
13
http://www.xing.com/
10

23

2.

.
Facebook,
Orkut714
StudiVZ15.
3.

.


. ,
,
Flickr ,
YouTube .

4.

.

(links)
.
(del.icio.us16) (Digg17).

2.2.3.

, ,
, , ,
, , , ,
. ,
. .

. 1.

14

http://www.orkut7.com/
http://studivz.net/
16
http://www.delicious.com/
17
http://www.digg.com/
15

24

1: [105]

,
:
1. :
.
,
.
2. :
.
3. :
.
4. :
.
.

.
:
1. :

25

Freeman:
.

Bonacich:
,
.

, .
2. :
.

, ,
.
3. :

.
. ,
.

, :
1. :

. ,
, .
2. :



.
3. :
.

-

26

,
.
, :
1. :
.
. ,

,
,
.
2. : ,
.
.
3. :
-.
4. :
.

2.3. ()
2.3.1. .

.

' .
,
,
, ,
. 2

27

.
Wasserman Faust [137].

2: [105]

2.3.2.

:

1937: J.L. Moreno

1948: A. Bavelas MIT

1949: A. Rapaport
( )

50 & 60:

70: :

90: /
.

2.3.3.

:

28

,
.

, ,
, ,
.

,
, ..

2.3.4.


.
(nodes) (edges).

,

.
,

. Pajek18,
UCINET19 JUNG20.

18

http://pajek.imfm.si/doku.php
http://www.analytictech.com/ucinet/
20
http://jung.sourceforge.net/
19

29

2.4.

, [120]
,
, , [63],
.
,
, ,
( Facebook),
, .

,
,
[46],
[125].
.
,

[66].


,
. Paul Roe

.

.

,

30

. :
1. (Personality Psychology),
2. (Trait Theory),
3. (Personality Type Theory),
4. (Humanistic Theory)
5. (Personality Psychology)

2.4.1.
Gordon Allport [5]
:
1. :
,

,
2. :
.

, ,
, ,
, .
,
.

2.4.2.

.

.
:
-

31

(
, )

,
.
, , Gordon
Allport, Raymond Cattell
Lewis Goldberg.
Gordon Allport

, ,
, . ,


. ,
, .
Eysenck (P-E-N)

.
, (Factor
Analysis)
. , Hans Eysenck

.

[36], [38] Eysenck
:
1. (Extraversion),
2. (Neuroticism)
-

32

3. (Psychoticism).
Eysenck
.
, , , ,
..
,
. ,
Eysenck
,
. .
,
, .
Eysenck

.
Eysenck

, ,

.
Raymond Cattell
R.Catell
. Eysenck
Catell

.

,

.

-

33

[32],
, .
,
.
,
,
.
, ,
. ,
.
Catell, Lewis Goldberg
("Big Five") :
1. (Openness to Experience):
, .
,
[31].
2. (Conscientiousness): ,
,
, [79], [47], [21].
3. (Extraversion): ,
,
,
[78], [147], [86].
4. (Agreeableness): ,
, ,
() [115], [45], [15].
5. (Neuroticism): ,
,
, [89], [131], [30].


-

34

.
:
1. ,
2. , .
' , [123].
, :

, ,

.

Eysenck
, ,
Goldberg ,
, , .


.
, ,

[42].
,
.
, ,
-

35

[37],
,
[17], [33]. ,
,
. ,

,
. ,
, , ,
.
,
.
[82],
,
.

2.4.3.
Carl Jung [56]:

: (Sensation)
(Intuition),

: (Thinking) (Feeling).

(attitude
types) : (extraversion and introversion)
:
1. ,
2. ,
3. ,
4. ,
5. ,
6. ,
7.
-

36

8. .
Jung ,
Jung
[95], [57]:
1. Socionics,
2. Myers Briggs (Myers Briggs Type Indicator)
3. Keirsey (Keirsey Temperament Sorter)
Socionics .
,
,
:

: (
) (
)

: ( )
(
).

Myers Briggs (MBTI)

[95].
Carl Jung
:
, , .

:
1.
.
,

37

[96].
2.
.

. ,

.
3. ,
.

.
.
4.
.
.
,
,
.
,
(16)
. , Briggs Myers


.
() () [52].
, Myers Briggs
[107].
Myers
David Keirsey. ,
,
-

38

"N" ( intuitive) "S"

( sensing). "N"
(thinking - "T") (feeling - "F"):

"NT": / ,

"NF": / .

, "S"
:

"SJ": / ,

"SP": / .

2.4.4.
Abraham Maslow Carl Rogers
,
Combs Snygg [24]. Maslow
,
,
.
, Maslow,
:
1.

(Awareness):
. .
Maslow
.
,

. ,
,
, .

2.

(Reality centered):
.
-

39

3.

(Acceptance/Spontaneity):

.
4.

/ (Unhostile sense of
humor/democratic mood):

.

2.4.5.

,
.
, ( 5)

[83].
2.4.2,


.


, .
, , ,
,
. [54],
30
. ,
18 30
,
,
.
,
-

40

, ,
.
.
,
. ,

, , ,

. ,
,

Computer

Mediated

Communication (CMC).
Butt Phillips [20]
,
, . ,
chat rooms,
, Swickert et al. [130]

.
Wolfradt Doll [146],

,
. ,
chat rooms,

[8].

.
Facebook

,
.
-

41

Butt Phillips [20].

,
.
/
,
.

,

. ,
(status) ,
[9]. ,

.
-
Social Network Sites (SNSs). ,
,
[59], [135].
,
. ,
, , .

. ,
, ,
,
.

[9].
Amichai-Hamburger et al. [8]
.
-

42

,
,

.
, ,
,
,
online. , ,
Facebook Flickr,


.
. Landers
Lounsbury [66]

. ,

,
,
.

. ,
,
,
[20].
, ,
, , , ,
.
, ,
[55]. ,

. ,
-

43

. ,

.
,

.
, ,
, , .


,
[57].
. ,

. Wanberg et al. [135]

. ,

(SNS).
SNS
[20],
[130].

CMC,

. , ,
,
,
.
,
,

44

. ,
Flickr.
McCrae
5
[26].

, , . ,

21 . ,

, .
,

, (SNS)
[20].

. ,

Facebook. ,

.


,
, ,
. ,

CMC. ,
,

21

: , Umberto Eco, Eternal Facism: fourteen ways of looking

at a blackshirt, New York Review of Book, 1995, pp. 12-15.
-

45

CMC .
,
( , ,
)
.


. ,
,
,
,
[140].

2.5.

.
,
,
[141].

2.5.1.

,

. ()
, . ,
,

.
- , , ,
() , ,
() , , .
-

46

1
.

1: [77]

Virtue

Self-Control
[Enkratia]

Weak-Willed
[Akrasia]

Vice

Desire
[Prohairesis]

Good

Bad

Bad

Bad

Choice
[Phronesis]

Good

Good

Good

Bad

Action

Good

Good

Bad

Bad

,
.

. ,
, , ,
. ,
, , , ,
. ,
,
.

. [58]
, ,
.

.
[16],

,
-

47

.
Sigmund Freud,
(feedback control
systems). , Leon Festinger [39].
,
Herzberg , . ,

Abraham Maslow

,
3. Maslow
. ,

. ,
,

, . ,

.
Maslow :

(, , ) (Physiology)

(, ) (Safety/ Security)

, , (Love/ Friendship/ Belongingness)

(, , ) (Self-esteem)

(Self actualization).

48

3: A. Maslow [144]

Maslow Alderfer [4],

: ,
(Existence, Relatedness, Growth: ERG) 4.

, ,
Maslow.


Maslow

.
,
[145].

4: ERG C. P. Alderfer [138]

-

49

,
. ,
[99], :
1. (Values),
2. (Social),
3. (Understanding),
4. (Career),
5. (Protective),
6. (Enhancement)

2.5.2.

. , .
,

.

() () ,

[29],

[102].

.

[136]. ,
[29].
, [136],

.
1970.
Fritz
Heider [49], Bandura [13]
Deci Ryan.
-

50

[28],
.

.
,
.

, ,
, ,

, .
.
,

.
,
. ,


.


. ,
,
,
, . ,


.
.
-

51

[29],
,

. 5
.
(amotivation),

(external regulation).
(introjected
regulation), (regulation
through identification)
.
(integrated regulation). ,
, .

5: [27]

52

16
Steven Reiss,
6000 , 16
[116], [118], [117].
:
1. , ,
2. , ,
3. , ,
4. , ,
5. ,
,
6. , ,
7. , ,
8. , ,
,
9. , ,
10. , ,
11. , ,
12. , ,
13. , ( ),
14. , ,
15. ,
16. , .
,
.
. ,
,
.
.
, ,
. ,
-

53

54

. ,
.


[69]. ,

,
.

2.5.3.

,
2.5.2
,
,
6. ,

. ,

[106].

Flickr, ,
.

6: [101]

Wasko Faraj [136]

,
,

. , Lambel Bhalla [65]
(status) (recognition)
[133].


[22], [43], [80].

(tagging).
,
. ,
,
: .
, [7]
.
,
-

55

, ,
[6].
[75],
[124].
del.icio.us,
[68].

[62]. 7,

,
.

7:
[100]

8
:
1.

(, & , ),

2.

3.

, ,

, :
.

56

8: [119]

2.6.
,
,
.
[90],
[26].
,
affective computing [112]
,

[134]. ,
.
[134].

. Magda Arnold [10],

.
,
,
.
. James [53]

-

57

. Ortony [103] ,

. Scherer

.
[61]
[129]. ,
. ,

. , ,
, , .
, ;
, ,
.

. , ,
;

.

2.6.1.

OCC

OCC Ortony, Clore Collins [104].

, .
,
.
.
.
OCC Ortony 1988
OCC88. (22)

9.

58

, ,
. 2
,
,

.
:
1. , .
2. .
3. ,
.
,
,
[122]
: , , , ,
, , 24 : , , ,
, , , , , ,
, , , , , , , ,
, , , , , ,
[64].

59

9: OCC [11]

, ,
:

60

1. :
.
2. : .
3. : .
4. :
.
5. :
.
6. : .
7. :
.
8. :

.
9. : .
10. : .
11. :
.
12. :
.
13. :
.
14. :
.
15. :
.
16. :
/ .
17. : ,
. [127]

61

2: OCC88 [128]

2.6.2.

:
1. . , ,
,
.
2. . ,
.
3. .

, .

62

4. . OCC (22)
.
, .
5. .
,
[14].

2.6.3.

Plutchik (8)
, 10 11.

.

.

10: R. Plutchik [113]

63

11: R. Plutchik ( ) [11]

2.6.4.

Breazeal [18].
,
12. ,


.

12: Breazeal [34]

-

64

2.6.5.

Scherer

Scherer.

.

. ,
.
,

. , 13
,
.
:
1. : , , .
2. .
3. : , ,
, , .
4. : , , ,

5. : , ,

65

13: Scherer [34]

,
.
,
.
,
, ,
, ,
.
,
-

66

[67], [126]. ,
(),
(),
(). 14

.

14: [81]

2.7.

. ,
. ,
,
, .

.

67

3.

,
, . ,

.

. ,
, ,

. ,
.

3.1. : FFM, PEN & MBTI

.
:
1. (FFM),
2. Eysenck (P-E-N)
3. Myers Briggs (MBTI).

68

2.4.2,
. ,
,
, .
,


,
.
Eysenck,

,
. ,
Eysenck
,

[41].


Eysenck [25].
.


.
, Myers Briggs
,
.
,
. ,
2.4.3,
-

69

,

.

3.2.

,

[19]. . ,
Ortony, Clore Collins,
, OCC
. 2.6.,
[14].
,
, , ,
, .

3.3.
, ,
. , Morris [93]
.
[48],
,
.

. ,
, ,
. ,

, ,
-

70

. ,
Mehrabian [85],
. , , ,
, , , , .

3.4.
,
, 2.5.2.,
2.5.3.
6
.
,
,
,
.
.
,
.

.

3.5.
,
, ,
, .
.
,
,
.
,
-

71

. ,
. ,
,
.
,
,
.
, , ,
.
,
.

.
:
, ,
. ,
, :
= f {,,,,,}
, , ,
, , [72].

3.5.1.


. ,

, ,
.

72

WordNet22
G.A. Miller,
, ,
.
3.

15 16,

.

3: [148]

//

, , ,

15: 3
[148]

22

16: n
[148]

http://www.wordnet.princeton.edu/
-

73

3.6.
,


.
, . 17

,
.

17:

18,

.

18: -

74

, ,
19.

. ,

. ,

, (30)
. ,
. ,
,
, ,
, .

,
, 20. ,
,

.

19:
-

75

20: [64]

, .
21
,
. ,
,

.

21:

.

,
. ,
22,
-

76

. ,

,
.


.

22:

,
,
.
.
, , , ,
..
,
.

.
-

77

3.7.

.
,
,
,

.

.

.
, .
,
.

. .
, ,
, .

,
.

.
,

.
,
.
,
.

-

78

,
.

.
,
,
. ,
-. ,

.

,
.
, ,

. , ,
,
:
1. O ,
,
,
. ,

.
2. ,
,
,

. ,

.
-

79

3. ,

, ,
.

. , ,
, ,
,
.
4. ,

,

.

,
.


.

.
, ,
.


.
,

.

-

80

,

,
[121].

3.8.

. ,
,
.

.
(concepts), (attributes), (relationships)
(instances). .
, :
1.
2. ,
3. ,
4. .


(user-adaptive systems).
,


. ,

4. 23
,

81

24
.

4: .

Situational Elements
Basic
Personality
User
Dimensions

Five Factor
Model

Aggreableness- Altruism- Affection

Conscientiousness- Control- Constraint
Extraversion- Energy- Enthusiasm
Neuroticism- Negative AffectivityNervousness
Openness- Originality- OpenMindedness

MyersBriggs
TypeInventory

Introvert Vs Extravert
Judger Vs Perceiver
Sensor Vs Intuiter
Thinker Vs Feeler

Three Factor
Model

Introversion- Extraversion
Normality- Psychoticism
Stability- Neuroticism

Mood

BadMood

,




.

GoodMood
NeutralMood

Mehrabian
Temperame
nt Space

Anxious
Bored
Dependent
Disdainful
Docile
Exuberant
Hostile
Relaxed

Mehrabian,

82

EmotionalState Five Basic

Emotions

Anger

Anxiety
Disgust
Happiness
Sadness

22+2 Basic
Emotions

Six Expression
Groups

Anger
Disgust
Fear
Joy
Sadness
Surprise

Negative
Emotions

Anger
Disappointment
Disgust

OCC

OCC

Distress
Fear
FearConfirmed
Hate
Pity
Remorse
Reproach
Resentment
Shame
Positive
Emotions

Admiration
Gloating
Gratification

OCC

Gratitude
HappyFor
Hope
Joy
Love
Pride
Relief
Satisfaction
Surprise
Characteristics

Anxious
Artistic
Assertive

83

Calm
Careless
Cold
Commonpla
ce
Contented

:
- - .




.

Cooperative
Disorderly
Dominant
Efficient
FaultFinding
Frivolous
Helpful
Imaginative
Inventive
Kind
Moody
Organized
Quiet
Reserved
Retiring
Shy
Stable
Sympathetic
Talkative
Tense
Thorough
Unfriendly
Warm
Worrying
Demographics

Age
AgeGroup
BirthDate
BirthPlace
EducationalL
evel

.

,
,
.

Employment
Status
FamilyStatus
FirtsLanguag
e
-

84

Gender
Highest
Education
Level
Salary
SecondLang
uage
Wealth
Auxiliaries

Has
HasBelief

HasDone
HasExperience
HasGoal
HasInterest
HasKnowledge
HasLocation
HasPlan
HasPreference
HasRated
HasRegularity

85

23: .

86

24: .

3.8.1.

OWL Ontology Web Language,
XML, RDF RDFS [84]. ,
,
, ,
. OWL
.
,
.

(component based) ,
(knowledge model)
. Eclipse23, Protg24 Java

23
24

http://www.eclipse.org/
http://www.protege.stanford.edu/
-

87

plugins. ,
(components) Protg (Knowledge
Model, Storage Model, User Interface)
.

3.9.


. ,
, , ,
.

.

88

4. :

,
,
. ,
.
,
,
. ,


Flickr.com.
. ,
Flickr

. ,
Flickr

Flickr .
,
.

89

4.1. Flickr.com
To Flickr
,
,
,

[7], [100].
,
[80]. ,
,
[23] . Flickr,
,

() ( Flickr).

4.1.1.

Flickr

Flickr.com 2004
Yahoo!25.
. ,
Flickr, :
1. , ,
.
2. , , .
3.
.
4. .
5.
, , DVDs.

25

http://www.yahoo.com/
-

90

6. .

Flickr . ,

(API) .

Flickr
.
/
. ,
:
.
,
,
,
,
,
. ,
,

[97].
,
Flickr

. ,
,

blog
. ,


-

91

. ,

[101].

4.1.2.

Flickr

,
Flickr:

,
.

, ,

.
Flickr
.

.


.

. :

:
(
), . ,
, , ,
, , ,
.

92

:
, , (
!), , .

:
, ,
: .

:
,
Blue Ribbon ,
( !), Flickr
( ) ( ).

:
,

. :
Flickr, 10 . , ..

(Portrait)
25.
.
:
1. : ,
.
2. :
.
3. :
.

93

25: Portrait Flickr [98]

[23],

[50]. Flickr,

. Flickr
[92]. ,


,
.


-

94

.
,
,


.
Cha et al. [23] Flickr
,
(81-91%)
. ,
, Mislove et al. [92]
Flickr,
.


Flickr .

.
, , -,
[23]. -
[44] ,

[121]

4.1.3.

Flickr

Flickr
,
[106]. Flickr

. Miller Edwards [88], ,
-

95

: Snaprs Kodak Culture,

. Ahern et al [2]
Flickr

. Van House [132]
Flickr.
Nov et al. [101] PCA

: social media, MySpace-like photo
stockpiling. social media
.
Flickr
,

, Flickr [101]. , Vavliakis et al.
[133]
Flickr.
:
,
,

,
.

4.2.

Flickr.
,
-

96

4.2.1.

. ,
5
:

.
[142]
(.. , ,
) 26 :
1.
,
.
2.
.
3. ,
,
, ,
.
4.
, 26,
, ,
.

26

.
-

97

26: [76]

,

:

: , , , , ,
, , ,
, , , .

, , , ,
.

: , , , ,
, , .

:
,

, , , .

: , , /,
, , .

4.2.2.

,
.
-

98

,
,

. 5
,
, ,
.

,
19
. ,
,
. 26
,

. [110],
[109], [108], [111], [51], [94],

.

5: [110]

1.

2.

3.
5.
7.

4.
6.
8.

9.

10.

11.
13.

12.
14.

18.

15.
17.

16.

99

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.
25.
27.

24.
26.
28.

29.
31.
33.
35.
37.
39.
41.

30.
32.
34.
36.
38.
40.
42.

43.
45.

44.

4.2.3.

,
,
, [140].
,
, :

(
),

(posts on the wall),

(love to chat),
, , ,
(status update),

, (
lol)

100

(: = ,
cu = see you),

online.
, ,

. ,
,
(
).

,
, , .

:

(online activity),

(

, ,
),

,
(groups) ,

,
, ,
.

,
. ,
-

101

,
/ ,

.
, ,
,

,
.

,
. ,
online ,
,

, ,
(
,
),

,
.

, ,
, , :

.
online ,
,
,

.

, , ,
.

102

4.2.4.

Flickr

,

Flickr
. ,


. 6,

7.

103

6:

UserID1

User_Contacts

Photo_Tag

,
.

TagGeneral

GeneralTagCountsTable

CounterGeneral

GeneralTagCountsTable

,
,

UserGroupCount

AllUserInfoTable

().

UserID

User_Group

UserID2
PhotoID
Tag

GroupID
UserID

Users

Photos

Photo_Comment

Location
PhotoCount
Username
RealName
Joined
Currently
IAm
Occupation
Email
TotalDistance
PhotosGeolocated
Sex
Status
PhotoID
UserID
PlaceID
Title
Comments
DatePosted
DateAdded
TakenWith
Region
TagCount
CommentID
PhotosetID
UserID
Text

104

7:

UserGroupCount

AllUserInfoTable

Region

Photos

Country
UserTravelledDistance

AllUserInfoTable

PhotoID

Photo_Tag

(
).

Users

Tag
UserID
Location
PhotoCount
IsPro
Username
RealName
Joined
Currently
IAm
Occupation
Email
TestimonialCounts
GroupCount
Sex
Status

.
8:

.

105

8:

PhotoID

Photos.Region

PhotoGeneralCounter

GeneralPhotoFluctuationTable

PhotoTakenGeneralCounterr

GeneralPhotoTakeFluctuationTable

UserID
PlaceID
Region
Country
Description

,
.
, ,
(, ) ,
,
, (
,
,
). , ,

9.

106

9:

UserID

AllUserInfoTable

ActiveWeeks
ParticipatingWeeks
PhotosPerActiveWeeks
PhotosPerParticipatingWeeks
ActiveToParticipatingWeeks
CommentsPerPhoto

. ,

,


.

ViewsPerPhoto
UserTakenWithCount

(emotion
detection),
. , ,
. ,

, .

4.3.
,
,


. ,

107

,
[121].
Flickr

.
,
, .
Weka,

.

4.3.1.

SQL. 10
11.
,
, ,
.

. ,

,
.

108

10:

UserID
UserGroupCount

ContactCount

PhotoTagSum

IAm

Location
RealName
Currently
Email
Count(PhotoID)
Sum(Months_Between(DatePosted,
DateTaken))

11:

UserID

UserGroupCount

UserTravelledDistance

UserGeolocatedPhotos

UserRegionCount

PhotoCount

UserPhotoSetCount

()

109

,
. ,
( 27) ( 28)
.

27: x-y: UserCount - UserGroupCount

28: x-y: UserCount - ContactCount

,
(Clustering), . ,
27
, 2058, 1086.

, .
, 28
.
.
InterquartileRange [143]
(per attribute).

-

110

.
Weka 29

5%. ,
,
37 , 741
.

29: InterquartileRange

.
,
(clusters)
. ,

.
38 .
,
,
30.

111

30:

4.3.2.

DBScan

[35],

EM

(Expectation-Maximization)

SimpleKMeans.

,
.

,
. ,
31, 32 33 cluster
3 .

112

31: DBScan, x-y: ContactCount - UserGroupCount

32: DBScan, x-y: ContactCount - PhotoTagSum

33: DBScan, x-y: Count(PhotoID) - PhotoTagSum

113

, DBScan,

Java.

4.3.3.

,
.
EM LogLikelihood,
, SimpleKMeans
SSE (Sum of Squared Errors), . ,
,
.
,
. ,
,
, .
,
. EM
34 ,
. ,
LogLikelihood
. , ,
LogLikelihood.

114

Seed

OpennessRaw

Openness3b

Openness3d

Seed

ExtraversionRaw

Extraversioneb

Extraversion3d

34: EM, LogLikelihood

SimpleKMeans clusters
. 35 SSE-
clusters , SSE
clusters. ,
SSE- clusters clusters,
clusters.
36
.

115

SSE

OpennessRaw
Openness3b

Openness3d

SSE

OpennessRaw

Openness3b

Openness3d

Clusters

Clusters

Clusters

SSE

ExtraversionRaw
Extraversioneb

Extraversion3d

SSE

ExtraversionRaw

Extraversioneb

Extraversion3d

Clusters

Clusters

Clusters

35: SSE SSE clusters 2 15

116

SSE

SSE

OpennessRaw

Openness3b

Openness3d

Clusters

Clusters2

Clusters

ExtraversionRaw

Extraversioneb

Extraversion3d

Clusters

Clusters

Clusters

36: SSE clusters 2 50

SSE,
,
. T Extraversion3d Openness3d
.
37.

117

SSE

Clusters

SSE

Clusters
37: () SSE

, ,
clusters .
, ,
SSE (
clusters) 5% ( 38). ,
clusters, SSE
22,63, clusters,
39,24.

118

50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15

O
p
e
S
n
S
n
E
e
s
10
s
5

22,62576076

0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Number of Clusters

E
x
t
r
S a
S v n
E e
r
s
i
o

100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

39,240351

10

20

30

40

50

60

Number of Clusters

38: Clusters

4.3.4.

.
, 39 cluster,
,
(Travelled Distance)
(Region Count). , cluster, ,
-

119

(Geolocated

Photos),

(Photo Count),
(Photoset Count). cluster
.
,
Travelled Distance
Photo Count (2.3.), Travelled Distance Photoset Count (2.2.), Travelled Distance
Geolocated Photos (8.2.) ( 40 ), Region Count Photo Count (4.3.),
Geolocated Photos Region Count (9.1.).
clusters,

.
,


. cluster
Flickr,
.

,

.

120

User

Cluster

Photoset Count

Photo Count

Group Count

1.1.

1.2.

1.3.

Travelled
Distance

2.1.

2.2.

2.3.

Geolocated
Photos

3.1.

3.2.

3.3.

Region Count

4.1.

4.2.

4.3.

Photo Count

5.1.

5.2.

Photoset Count

6.1.

39: clustering
-

121

User

Region Count

Geolocated Photos

Travelled Distance

Group Count

7.1.

7.2.

7.3.

Travelled
Distance

8.1.

8.2.

Geolocated
Photos

9.1.

40: clustering ()

, 41,
cluster, ,
(Count(PhotoID))
(Photo Tag Sum). ,
cluster, , (Group
Count) (Contact Count).
, , cluster,
, ,
.
,
Photo Tag Sum Count(PhotoID) (18.1.) ( 42 ), Group Count
Contact Count (16.3.), Contact Count Iam+ Location+ Real Name+ Currently+
-

122

Email (11.2.). , clusters ,

. ,
,
, clusters
. ,
GroupCount Count(PhotoID) (16.1.), Contact Count Count(PhotoID) (17.1.).
cluster
cluster, Group Count
Photo Tag Sum (16.2.), Contact Count Photo Tag Sum (17.2.). ,
cluster
, ,
cluster
Flickr.

123

User

Cluster

Iam+ Location+ Real

Name+ Currently+
Email

SUM(Months_Between
(Date Posted, Date
Taken)) / Count(PhotoID)

Group Count

10.1.

10.2.

10.3.

Contact Count

11.1.

11.2.

11.3.

Photo Tag Sum

12.1.

12.2.

12.3.

Count(PhotoID)

13.1.

13.2

13.3.

SUM(Months_Bet
ween (Date
Posted, Date
Taken)) /
Count(PhotoID)

14.1.

14.2..

Iam+ Location+

15.1.

Real Name+
Currently+ Email

41: clustering
-

124

User

Count(PhotoID)

Photo Tag Sum

Contact Count

Group Count

16.1.

16.2.

16.3.

Contact Count

17.1.

17.2.

Photo Tag Sum

18.1.

42: clustering ()

125

4.4.
4.4.1.

Java

Java. ,
, ,
.

4.4.2.

Eclipse

(IDE)
Eclipse. , Java,
,
. ,
.

4.4.3.

Oracle SQL Developer

server .
(GUI)
. Oracle Corporation.
,
.

4.4.4.

Weka

Weka Java,
Waikato 27.

. ,
,
(data analysis) (predictive modeling).

27

http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/ml/weka/
-

126

4.5.

,

. , Flickr,
.


. , ,
.
(clustering analysis)

Flickr.
,
, .

127

5.

, ,

.
,
. ,
,
,

.

5.1.

, .
,
,
. ,
-
,
,
,
.
. ,
-

128

,
.

,
.

,
. ,


.

.
,
,
.
,
. ,

,

.

5.2.
,


. ,
:

129

,
,

.

, . ,

,
, . ,

.

. ,

,
.

, ,
.

.
,
. ,

.
,

,
.
-

130

.
.

,
, .
,

131

6.
[1]
[2]

[3]

[4]
[5]
[6]

[7]
[8]

[9]

[10]
[11]
[12]

[13]

Adamic, L. A., Buyukkokten, O., Adar, E. 2003. A social network caught in

the Web. First Monday.
Ahern, S., Kennedy, L., Naaman, M., Nair, R., and Rattenbury, T. 2007. How
Flickr helps us make Sense of the World: Context and Content in
Community-contributed Media Collectors. Proceedings of the 15th
international conference on Multimedia.
Ahn, Y. Y., Han, S., Kwak, H., Moon, S., and Jeong, H. 2007. Analysis of
Topological Characteristics of Huge Online Social Networking Services.
Proceedings of the 16th international conference on World Wide Web
(WWW07), Banff, Canada.
Alderfer, C.P. 1968. An Empirical Test of a new Theory of Human Needs.
Yale University, USA.
Allport, G. W. 1937. Personality: a psychological interpretation. Oxford,
England: Holt.
Allport. G. 1968. The historical background of modern social psychology.
In Lindzey, G. and Aronson, E. (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology
(2nd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 1-80).
Ames, M., and Naaman, M. 2007. Why we tag: motivations for annotation
in mobile and online media. In Proceedings of CHI, ACM Press.
Amichai-Hamburger, Y., and Wainpel, G. 2002. On the Internet no one
knows Im an Introvert: Extroversion, Introversion, and Internet
Interaction. CyberPsychology & Behavior.
Anderson, C., John, O.P., Keltner, D., and Kring, A.M. 2001. Who Attains
Social Status? Effects of Personality and Physical Attractiveness in Social
Groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol 81.
Arnold, M. 1960. Emotion and personality. Columbia University Press,
New York.
Bach, J. 2006. The Drner Model of Emotion. Workshop Emotion and
Computation, Bremen.
Backstrom, L., Huttenlocher, D., Kleinberg, J., and Lan, X. 2006. Group
Formation in Large Social Networks: Membership, Growth, and Evolution.
Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on
Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD06), Philadelphia, PA.
Bandura, A. 1997. Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York:
Freeman.

132

[14]

[15]

[16]
[17]
[18]
[19]
[20]
[21]
[22]
[23]

[24]
[25]

[26]
[27]
[28]

[29]
[30]

[31]

[32]
[33]

Bartneck, C. 2002. Integrating the OCC Model of Emotions in Embodied

Characters. Proceedings of the Workshop on Virtual Conversational
Characters: Applications, Methods and Research Challenges, Melbourne.
Bergeman, C.S., et al. 1993. Genetic and environmental effects on
openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness: an
adoption/twin study. Journal of Personality.
Berlyne, D.E. 1960. Conflict, arousal, and curiosity. McGraw-Hill series in
psychology. New York, NY, US: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
Block, J. A contrarian view of the five-factor approach to personality
description. Psychological Bulletin.
Breazeal, C. 2003. Emotion and sociable humanoid robots. International
Journal of Human-Computer Studies.
Breese, J., and Ball, G. 1998. Modeling Emotional State and Personality for
Conversational Agents. Redmond.
Butt, S., and Phillips, J.G. 2007. Personality and Self reported mobile phone
use. Pychology Department, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.
Casper, R.C., Hedeker, D., and McClough, J.F. 1992. Personality dimensions
in eating disorders and their relevance for subtyping.
Cattuto, C., Loreto, V., and Pietronero, L. 2007. Semiotic dynamics and
collaborative tagging. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences.
Cha, M., Mislove, A., and Gummadi, K.P. 2009. A measurement-driven
analysis of information propagation in the flickr social network.
Proccedings of the international conference on WWW.
Combs, A.W., and Snygg, D. 2010. A New Frame of Reference for
Psychology. New York, Harper and Brothers.
Costa, P., and McCrae, R. 1980. Influence of extraversion and neuroticism
on subjective well-being: happy and unhappy people. Journal of Personality
and Social Psychology.
Damasio, A.R. 1994. Descartes Error: Emotion, Reason and the Human
Brain. New York. G.P. Putnams Sons.
Deci, E.L., and Ryan, R.M. 2000. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations: Classic
Definitions and New Directions. Elsevier.
Deci, E.L., and Ryan, R.M. 2000. Self-determination theory and the
facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being.
American Psychologist, Vol 55(1).
Deci; E.L., and Ryan, R.M. 1985. Intrinsic motivation and self-determination
in human behavior. New York: Plenum.
Deckersbach, T., et al. 2006. Regional cerebral brain metabolism correlates
of neuroticism and extraversion. Depress Anxiety, vol. 23, Issue 3, pp. 133138.
DeYoung, C.G., Peterson, J.B., Higgins, D.M., and Pers, J. 2005. Sources of
openness /intellect: cognitive and neuropsychological correlates of the fifth
factor of personality.
Digman, J.M. 1990. Personality structure: Emergence of the five-factor
model. Annual Review of Psychology.
Draycott, S. G., and Kline, P. 1995. The Big Three or the Big Five - the EPQ-R
vs the NEO-PI: a research note, replication and elaboration. Personality and
Individual Differences.
-

133

[34]

[35]

[36]
[37]
[38]
[39]
[40]

[41]
[42]
[43]
[44]
[45]
[46]

[47]

[48]

[49]
[50]
[51]
[52]
[53]
[54]

Duhaut, D. 1991. A generic architecture for emotion and personality.

Proceedings of International Conference on Advanced Intelligent
Mechatronics.
Ester, M., Kriegel, H. P., Sander, J., and Xu, X. 1996. A Density Based
Algorithm for Discovering Clusters in Large Spatial Databases with Noise,
KDD-96 Proceedings
Eysenck, H. 1967. The biological basis of personality. Springfield, IL:
Thomas.
Eysenck, H. 1990. Biological dimensions of personality. In L. A. Pervin
(Ed.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research, pp. 244276.
Eysenck, H. 1991. Dimensions of personality: 16: 5 or 3? Criteria for a
taxonomic paradigm. Personality and Individual Differences.
Festinger, L. 1957. A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance. Stanford University
Press.
Girvan, M., and Newman, M. E. J. Community structure in social and
biological networks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
(PNAS).
Goldberg, L. 1993. The structure of phenotypic personality traits.
American Psychologist.
Goldberg, L.R. 1993. The structure of phenotypic personality traits.
American Psychologist.
Golder, S., and Huberman, B. 2006. Usage patterns of collaborative tagging
systems. Journal of Information Science 32.
Granovetter, M. 1973. The Strength of Weak Ties. American Journal of
Sociology.
Graziano, W.G., and Tobin, R.M. 2002. Agreeableness: dimension of
personality or social desirability artifact? Journal of Personality.
Hamburger, Y. A., Ben-Artzi, E. 2000. The relationship between
extraversion and neuroticism and the different uses of the Internet.
Elsevier Science Ltd.
Heaven, P.C., Mulligan, K., Merrilees, R., Woods, T., and Fairooz, Y. 2001.
Neuroticism and conscientiousness as predictors of emotional, external,
and restrained eating behaviors.
Heckmann, D., Schwartz, T., Brandherm, B., Schmitz, M., and WilamowitzMoellendorff, M. 2005. GUMO the General User Model Ontology.
Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany.
Heider, F. 1994. Social perception and phenomenal causality.
Psychological Review, Vol 51(6).
Huberman, B.A., Romero, D.M., and Wu, F. 2008. Crowdsourcing, attention
and productivity. Journal of Information Science.
Human Metrics Based on Jungs and Myers Typology,
<http://www.humanmetrics.com/cgi-win/JTypes2.asp>
I. Briggs, P. B. Myers. Gifts Differing: Understanding Personality Type.
Mountain View, California: Davies Black Publishing, 1980, 1995.
James, W. 1884. "What is an Emotion?" Mind, 9: 188-205.
Jang, K.L., McCrae, R. R., Angleitner, A., Riemann, R., and Livesley, J.W. 1998.
Heritability of Facet-level Traits in a Cross-cultural twin Sample: Support for
a hierarchical Model of Personality. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology.
-

134

[55]

[56]
[57]
[58]
[59]

[60]

[61]

[62]
[63]
[64]

[65]

[66]
[67]
[68]
[69]

[70]

[71]
[72]

[73]

Jensen-Campbell, L.A., Rosselli, M., Workman, K.A., Santisi, M., Rios, J.D.,
and Bojan, D. 2002. Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Effortful
Control Processes. Journal of Research in Personality, vol. 36.
Jung, C., and Campbell, J. 1976. The Portable Jung. New York.
Keirsey, D. 1998. Please Understand Me II: Temperament, Character,
Intelligence. 1st Ed. ed. Prometheus Nemesis Book Co.
Killeen, P. R. 1981. Incentive theory. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation,
Vol 29.
Klein, K.J., Lim, B.C., and Mayer, D.M. 2004. How do they get there? An
Examination of the Antecedents of Centrality in Team Networks. Academy
of Management Journal.
Kleinberg, J. M., and Rubinfeld, R. 1996. Short paths in expander graphs.
IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS96), Burlington,
VT.
Kleinginna, P.R., and Kleinginna, A.M. 1981. A Categorized List of Emotion
Definitions with Suggestions for a Consensual Definition of Motivation and
Emotion.
Koh, J., Kim, Y., Butler, B., and Bock, G. 2007. Encouraging participation in
virtual communities. Communications of the ACM.
Korgaonkar, P., Silverblatt, R., and OLeary, B. 2001. Web advertising and
Hispanics. Journal of Consumer Marketing.
Kshirsagar, S., and Magnenat-Thalmann, N. 2002. A multilayer personality
model. MIRALab, CUI 24 rue du General Dufour, CH-1211 Geneva,
Switzerland.
Lambel, J., Bhalla, A. 2007. The role of status seeking in online
communities: Giving the gift of experience. Journal of Computer-Mediated
Commuinication.
Landers, R. N., and Lounsbury, J. W. 2004. An investigation of Big Five and
narrow personality traits in relation to Internet usage. Elsevier Ltd.
Lazarus, R.S. 1991. Progress on a cognitive-motivational-relational theory
of emotion. American Psychologist.
Lee, K. 2006. What Goes Around Comes Around: An analysis of del.icio.us
as social space. In Proceedings of CSCW. ACM Press.
Lepper, M.R., Greene, D., and Nisbett, R.E. 1973. Undermining children's
intrinsic interest with extrinsic rewards: A test of the overjustification
hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
Li, L., Alderson, D., Doyle, J. C., and Willinger, W. 2006. Towards a Theory of
Scale-Free Graphs: Definitions, Properties, and Implications. Internet
Mathematics.
Li, L., and Alderson, D. 2007. Diversity of graphs with highly variable
connectivity. Physics Review E.
Li, W., Zong-Tian, L., YanHua, W., Rong, S., and Liu, H.F. 2009. Event
Feature and Personality-Event Ontology base for classifying Chinese web
pages. Second International Workshop on Computer Science and
Engineering.
Liben-Nowell, D., Novak, J., Kumar, R., Raghavan, P., and Tomkins, A. 2005.
Geographic Routing in Social Networks. Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences (PNAS).
-

135

[74]

[75]

[76]

[77]

[78]

[79]
[80]

[81]

[82]
[83]
[84]
[85]

[86]

[87]
[88]

[89]

[90]
[91]

Liben-Nowell, D., Novak, J., Kumar, R., Raghavan, P., and Tomkins, A. 2005.
Geographic Routing in Social Networks. Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences (PNAS).
Ling, K., Beenen, G., Ludford, P., Wang, X., Chang, K., Li, X., Cosley, D.,
Frankowski, D., Terveen, L., Rashid, A., Resnick, P., and Kraut, R. 2005.
Using Social Psychology to Motivate Contributions to Online Communities.
Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication.
Lu, Y.E., Roberts, S., Li, P., Dunbar, R., and Crowcroft, J. 2009. Size
matters: variation in personal network size, personality and effect on
information transmission. Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge.
Proceedings of International Conference on Computational Science and
Engineering.
Lundie, D. 2009. A Theory of Motivation and Ontological Enhancement:
The role of disability policy in student empowerment and institutional
change. Educational Philosophy and Theory.
Luo, X., Kranzler, H.R., Zuo, L., Wang, S., and Gelernter, J. 2007. Personality
Traits of Agreeableness and Extraversion are Associated with ADH4
Variation Bio-Psychiatry.
MacLaren, V.V., and Best, L.A. 2009. Female students' disordered eating
and the big five personality facets.
Marlow, C., Naaman, M., Davis, M., and Boyd, D. 2006. HT06, Tagging
Paper, Taxonomy, Flickr, Academic Article, To Read. Proceedings of
Hypertext 06, ACM Press.
Marsella, S., and Gratch, J. 2002. A Step Toward Irrationality Using Emotion
to Change Belief. Proceedings of the first international joint conference on
Autonomous agents and multiagent systems: part 1.
Matthews, G., Deary, I.J., and Whiteman, M.C. 2003. Personality traits.
2nd edition, Cambridge University Press.
McCrae, R. R., and Costa Jr, P. T. 1992. Four ways five factors are basic.
Personality and Individual Differences.
McGuinness, D.L., and Harmelen, F. OWL Web Ontology Language
Overview.<http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-features/>
Mehrabian, A., and Russel, J.A. 1974. Distinguishing Anger and Anxiety in
term of Emotional Response Factors. Journal of Consulting and Clinical
Psychology.
Mendez, M.F., Chen, A.K., Shapira, J.S, Lu, P.H., and Miller, B.L. 2006.
Acquired extroversion associated with bitemporal variant of
frontotemporal dementia. Journal of Neuropsychiatry Clinic Neuroscience.
Milgram, S. 1967. The small world problem. Psychology Today
Miller, A.D., and Edwards, W.K. 2007. Give and Take: a study of Consumer
Photo-sharing Culture and Practice. Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference
on Human Factors in Computing, NY, USA.
Miller, J.L., et al. 2006. Neuroticism and introversion: a risky combination
for disordered eating among a non-clinical sample of undergraduate
women.
Minsky, M.L. 1986. The Society of Mind. Simon and Schuster. New York.
Mislove, A., Gummadi, K. P., and Druschel, P. 2006. Exploiting social
networks for Internet search. Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Hot
Topics in Networks (HotNets-V), Irvine, CA.
-

136

[92]

[93]
[94]
[95]
[96]

[97]
[98]
[99]
[100]
[101]

[102]

[103]
[104]
[105]
[106]
[107]
[108]
[109]
[110]
[111]
[112]
[113]
[114]

Misolve, A., Koppula, H. S., Gummadi, K.P., Druschel, P., and Bhattacharjee,
B. 2008. Growth of the Flickr Social Network. Proceedings of the first
workshop on Online Social Networks, NY,USA.
Morris, W.N. 1992. A Functional Analysis of the Role of Mood in Affective
Systems. Review of personality and social psychology.
Motivational Behavior Test
<http://www.learnmyself.com/personality.asp?p=Motivation-Test>
Myers Briggs, I., Myers, P. B. 1980, 1995. Gifts Differing: Understanding
Personality Type. Mountain View. CA: Davies-Black Publishing.
Myers, I.B. 1990. Introduction to Type: A Description of the Theory and
Applications of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. 12th edition. Consulting
Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA, 1990.
Negoescu, R. 2007. An Analysis of the Social Network of Flickr.
Negoescu, R., and Gatica-Perez, D. 2008. Analyzing Groups on Flickr.
Proceedings of CIVR08.
Nov, O. 2007. What Motivates Wikipedians?. Communications of the
ACM.
Nov, O., Naaman, M., and Ye, C. 2008. What Drives Content Tagging: The
Case of Photos on Flickr, In Proceedings of CHI.
Nov, O., Naaman, M., and Ye, C. 2009. Motivational Structural and Tenure
Factors that Impact Online Photo Sharing. Proceedings of the Third
International ICWSM Conference.
Oreg, S., Nov, O. 2007. Exploring motivations for contributing to open
source initiatives: The roles of contribution context and personal values.
Elsevier Ltd.
Ortony, A., and Turner, T.J. 1990. What's Basic About Basic Emotions.
Phychological review, vol. 97.
Ortony, A., Clore, GL., and Collins, L. 1988. The cognitive structure of
emotions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Papailiou, . 2008. .
DERN. <www.imu.iccs.gr>.
Parameswaran, M., and Whinston, A.B. 2007. Research Issues in Social
Computing. Journal of the Association for Information Systems.
Pearman, R.R., and Albritton, S.C. 1997. I'm Not Crazy, I'm Just Not You.
1st ed. Palo Alto, California: Davies Black Publishing.
Personality Test based on The Big Five model,
<http://bigfivepersonalitytest.com/>
Personality Test based on The Big Five model, <http://similarminds.com/cgibin/newbig5.pl>
Personality Test based on The Big Five model,
<http://www.outofservice.com/bigfive/>
Personality Test based on The Big Five model,
<http://www.personalitytest.org.uk/>
Picard, R.W. 1995. Computer Learning of Subjectivity. Journal ACM
Computer Surveys.
Plutchik, R. 1980. Emotions : A Psychoevolutionary synthesis. New York:
Harper & Row.
Pool, I. and Kochen, M. 1978. Contacts and influence on Social Networks.
-

137

[115]
[116]
[117]
[118]
[119]

[120]

[121]

[122]
[123]
[124]
[125]
[126]
[127]
[128]

[129]
[130]
[131]
[132]

[133]
[134]
[135]

[136]

Rankin, K.P., et al. 2004. Right and left medial orbitofrontal volumes show
an opposite relationship to agreeableness in FTD.
Reiss, S. 2000. Who am I: The 16 basic desires that motivate our actions
and define our personalities. New York: Tarcher/ Putnam.
Reiss, S. 2004. Intrinsic motivation doesn't exist, researcher says: An article
summarizing the view of Steven Reiss.
Reiss, S. 2004."Multifaceted nature of intrinsic motivation: The theory of 16
basic desires". Review of General Psychology.
Ross, C., Orr, E. S., Sisic, M., Arseneault, J. M., Simmering, M. G., and Orr, R.
R. 2009. Personality and motivations associated with Facebook use.
Computers in Human Behavior 25.
Rozel, E. J., and Gardner, W. L. 1999. Computer-related success and failure:
a longitudinal field study of the factors influencing computer-related
performance. Elsevier Science Ltd.
Russo, P., and Nov, O. 2010. Photo Tagging Over Time: A longitudinal Study
of the Role of Attention, Network Density and Motivations. Proceedings of
the Fourth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media.
Sansonnet, J.P., and Francois, B. Formal Notation for the Elicitation of
Emotions based on the OCC Model.
Santrock, J.W. 2008. The Self, Identity, and Personality. In Mike Ryan
(Ed).A Topical Approach to Life-Span Development.
Savicki, V., Kelley, M., and Oesterreich, E. 1999. Judgments of gender in
computer-mediated communication. Computers in Human Behavior.
Scealy, M., Phillips, J. G., and Stevenson, R. 2002. CyberPsychology &
Behavior.
Scherer, K.R. 1984. On the Nature and Function of Emotion: a Component
Process Approach. In Approaches to emotion.
Scott, W., and Reilly, N. 1996. Believable Social and Emotional Agents.
Steunebrink, B.R., Dastani, M., and Meyer, J.Ch. 2008. A formal model of
emotions: Integrating qualitative and quantitative aspects. Proceedings of
the conference on ECAI: 18th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence.
Strongman, K.T. 2000. The Psychology of emotion. Theories of emotion in
perspective.
Swickert, R.J., Hittner, J.B., Harris, J.L., and Herring, J.A. 2002. Relationships
among Internet use, Personality and Social Support. Charleston, USA.
Takano, A., et al. 2007. Relationship between neuroticism personality trait
and serotonin transporter binding.
Van House, N.A. 2007. Flickr and Public Image-sharing: Distant closeness
and Photo exhibition. Extended abstracts on Human factors in computing
systems, CHI.
Vavliakis, K.N., Symeonidis, A.L., Mitkas, P.A. 2011. Towards Understanding
How Personality, Motivation and Events Trigger Web User Activity.
Velsquez, J. D. 1997. Modeling Emotions and Other Motivations in
Synthetic Agents. 1997. National Conference on AI.
Wanberg, C.R., and Banas, J.T. 2000. Predictors and Outcomes of Openness
to Changes in a reorganizing workplace. Journal of Applied Psychology, vol.
85.
Wasko, M., and Faraj, S. 2005. Why Should I Share? Examining Social
Capital and Knowledge Contribution in Electronic Networks of Practice.
-

138

[137]
[138]

[139]
[140]
[141]
[142]

[143]

[144]

[145]
[146]

[147]
[148]

Wasserman, S., and Faust, K. 1994. Social Networks Analysis: Methods and
Applications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
Web Site of ERG Theory Alderfer, C. P.
<http://www.valuebasedmanagement.net/methods_alderfer_erg_theory.h
tml>. Last updated: September 6th, 2011.
Web Site of Tim Berners-Lee. <http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/>
Wehrli, S. 2008. Personality on social network sites (SNS): An application of
the FFM. ETH Zurich.
Wehrli, S. 2008. Personality on social network sites (SNS): An application of
the FFM. Sociology Working Paper No. 7. ETH Zurich.
Wikipedia. Factor Analysis.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_analysis>. Last updated: September
14th, 2011.
Wikipedia. Interquartile Range.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interquartile_range>. Last updated:
September 16th,2011.
Wikipedia. Maslows hierarchy of needs.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maslow%27s_hierarchy_of_needs>. Last
updated: September 2nd, 2011.
Wikipedia. Motivation. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivation>. Last
updated: September 18th, 2011.
Wolfradt, U., and Doll, J. 2001. Motives of Adolescents to Use the Internet
as a Function of Personality Traits, Personal and Social Factors. Journal of
Educational Computing Research, vol. 24.
Wright, C.I., et al. 2006. Neuroanatomical correlates of extraversion and
neuroticism. Cereb Cortex.
Yang, H., Chua, T.S., Wang, S., and Koh, C.K. 2003. Structured Use of
External Knowledge for Event-Based Domain Question Answering. National
University of Singapore.

139