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    9 views1 page

    Workart

    Uploaded by

    Anang Fajar
    workart

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 1
    ies that use physical energy for their therapeutic effect (called physical ) are commonly prescribed in PM&R. They include thermotherapy (heat SX). hydrotherapy, electrotherapy (including biofeedback), light therapy et radiation, laser), manipulation and mobilization, traction, massexe, Scepuncture, Because of the passive nature of most of these modalities, Srould not be prescribed indiscriminately. They should only be given for = period as an adjunct, not as a substitute, to active modalities such 2¢ and education. tic heat, Physiologic response of tissue to heat depends on intensity of applied (therapeutic range is 40 to 45.5°C or 104 to 113.9°F). time of heat i ), size/volume of area to be heated, and i.e. if heat rise is faster than heat dissipa- ‘overheating may occur). Therapeutic heat causes vasodilation, which can =: be local or consensual (i... distal vasodilation via reflex mechanism). In Subacute and chronic stage, vasodilation can help in resolving inflammatory Sitcates and exudates, and in promoting tissue healing (by increasing nutrient ply to the heated area). Other therapeutic effects of heat include increase serve pain threshold, increase in metabolic rate, decrease in firing rate of Spindles, and increase in plastic elongation of collagen fibers in connec: tissues (j.c., when heat is combined with stretching). ‘General applications of heat include relief of pain and muscle spasm, redu ‘of joint stiffness, and increase in joint range of motion. General contraind! ss and precautions include acute inflammation, trauma, or hemorhage; ig disorders (e.g., hemophilia); insensate skin (e.g., complete spinal cord {SCI}; inability to communicate or respond to pain e.g.,coma or demens bs poor thermal regulation e.g., from neuroleptics); sites of malignancy; areas Schemia (e.g. arterial insufficiency): atrophic skin (e.g.. patients on pro- steroid regimens); immature scar tissue: edema; and open wounds and eared skin lesions. Use of any form of heat must be supervised. especially clderly and the very young, because excessive heat may cause skin burn Methods of heat transfer include conduction (via physical contact between Ssarfaces), convection (through current movements in liquid or gases), and =sion (through absorption of electromagnetic energy, ¢.g., radiant heat, id, microwave, and short waves). Therapeutic heating agents can either pecficial or deep, icial heating agents are used to heat joints with relatively litle soft tissue 2 (€.g., hand and foot) or to cause a deeper effect (e.g., relief of

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