— World “isto : Ojha: ee osleltleskory ot de Be-Modeen world Modem world adel / Opre capitalist aeonomey oO Gpitatisd ecorory (economy) ® Monarchy ieithox popator king) — @ Repsblic. Crotty) © Gstomas and Thadilinn (egy } @ -Homanism/ Uiberclism. (acligen) @ Religion wan constitoten. fehach' @ Man mace constibehon No ¥¢ 7 Modern would hater is peal re toy of tannition f premodern werld info mocleen word . Why tas “transition? bration Gosede L Renaissance Refoemaron Lv 4 ~~ Geegraphical cincover ien “Tototantiamn L “ L World trade shade ard commerce 4 Globolization+ World Trade : SE es ‘Novth Amenca, Go.) a oa. ) (SoomAmuica) World hace meana inlerclependence of hoe bly Various continents or countries. With -the Passage of time, world trade of f goods -lo such level that it wert at beyond homon producton and His became a. trpeckant cavse for fer indssbial pevolokn ie moclee masa ld BAC Sock. sev: orothee of onodlerr world) (father) Cee reli Renaissance ancl Incloobial sev. farted gig bith ren Ho Wes over which had a clash coith old order Thin clanh became he Gavse of some important pevolstion tke ln Reototion i cars \ gone alate frmerican Roiolstion 1716 ‘ Rave 7 pon ; Thench Kevotation..1184 : ‘Roesian Resclstion 1710 Chinese Kesclstion (94°41world \ SAY ~ Neglected ° Uv medley forty - fam d l wealeanal backisord cooly lke 4 aoonkvien Like US, Exope- The neo oder slatted gg binth +o neo clvelopmenk in could hist (ke emargance of ne trelusbrialized nations. a Geomana, Sal, pon ek. in cacond half of A” comb The emergence of ned leackes statted a clash of interarts bln the neo ancl lel bosses like Baikain § thane hich Finally bacame -the cause of 4! worldioars: Ose of etorn bomb ta second world war placed « guation matk on anislense of thiscoo ld Tre hone Had! wor dar roeana,ond of world. ‘Bot the wosld cannchsurvive withe # wat. Because of bintted assocten ond unlimited onpisationn. No fi .w0ar ee ee GW wor Bot camet survive withoot war te: cor bln capitalism & commonalinm 9 wot bn OSA G OSSR Sov clominance of corel. Usse alrinlegrded ty A and His heel vet of capitalinrn oy supremacy of OS 17 the worldModern world hiskory 2 fom nnaissanca -fo sepremagy fo OA UPSC ajllaber is from Inckrohial sevelatton to sepremay f vs. Books: Old NCERTa. 7, 10, ig tatow ciilezation) yo (rjoncl) (67.9) C44o13) Code porary dont hicegs) Ojjordes) BN Rob + 4adostrial Revelation : ao ff by T Preface (Ravana fei Salient feakner of Gealisadion. Sideoabial bev. Dndorbial Rov: IR. in Aff. covabicoYndoatiel Eevoioten ~ rnepace \ AR acted 00 bone fr moder world. gg more & new dimension +o polity, ecor omg, noviehy & aaligien. founcleten stone wor already laid cloce by sane ssance, geographical clincovertn and world tade Renaissance —— Geogtaphica (cbacovesi: Wolllhace. FReanoms for Sndeahial Qvoloton won Wtack ond clerenel OGound ~ . Oye Cel — Capitol’ sorted prof 0) maboials @ Spark —rine fines Oo Geagroyphreal dincover:es and wald hade sncreanec! volume of? shade § commerce -b cha level thet it ecant beyond! homan production an this ached ana groend for indoabicl pewolotion. @ hel \ a . Gpitalfen) Gpitebnt class s phiouphy eppected by wiaser. Capitalism mocans 149° Plodeckon at taco cent with sole. mobia of profil. is, princple sfeaked geinlag rromentina af ke Geogophica discoverer and) would dade and -then qos bint, to capitalist clare cobich war interrntea in bnverbig In aceon f profit: Therefre copilalinm § copifalat clin act aa fel feAideabeial acuolotion fee many aac and -the importon! seasons wore a) ostablishad Regal Asciody london to promote research andl chvelopment. 8 pramoclern prodection 022 bosedl on clomentc eekyp cobieh vous af forckible by individoal craftemen. Bot modere incbalvien neguired ' be , cy technical machines and soend _infoaluctue, hich wan ont poasible for capitabisl clin. ©) beol Invertments in any. businan Foon cherever vmoneg molligion ® Spatk: GF Hasyrenves Invented ppinning wheel eit 200 oped: “Ackeossht inverted apioning hel aun by soak Crompton allie! bot Rates bot d shill hacl lmthabons fisting Marcooni, Same Moarsse, Mlocander Gahombel, inkgr foineless) CG elegraph) l ‘elephone J ~ted-the etoile. Bot bigot conbriboton saan 4. Neacommect ho : Invered ateam engine ond uso achnecl by Terneo Wat. Tris’ wan veal beggining f He because steam Power Loan Comertecl 40 mechanical power and in this “a man power, 270 aeplaced by machin power, which war begianing ¢Coie ! — - ot — 4 “tbigrewen Marconi Newolo ft AkOught ame! Moars+ Tames watt Grip Alexander Grohambe i [ Spionig eoheel] [ iolegoton] [-taneportahon machine wawld] @ the: fer ougen (naw material) v 7 1 “rr. € Baitain Germany Teper China IR: i150 1 70h _ (eis 19904 world poser EP in How SP in 19305, EP rn 2013 ithrongeo Lotool open ite open cathe! angen - Ble of Colonism adopted by Errapean rathon wsith te baginnig f geet! clinco levies and world rade acted an a-fre fr IR, an id provided ouggen' thet ts the source of nao materials § the matket for axopean nation npecially Baitain. G oven Etzabeth-L teatec of fil pokigy of settlement in NAmerica In beginnia t2® cenkay thick bed te emergence © colonia in N America. a Y a Portogese shatled conquest f Indian arboontinent ‘fam 1510. Bok Guifishers took the nitiative fem HFT and il 58 Inokan schconbnent comed inh pavethevse fy Butigh noludalizacion.= Salient feetores of Sndkstrink Kevoloren —© agland became the coicenke of Indodbrial Bveloton doeovens O gecomela: ton feral. becavee of plonsioiyg fas ore ke N-Amuico, India. 0 Petal allay ———— @anclosine mavornent eee 9 baled af Butt ane bing andy hand f aml farmees. r 4 OP pills of K. onemplapient coal § tron, fohich 2 Butain had good sssounce: labour for IR settaly Demoeracke cevelopment in Buifelo.ctaxke fou 1215, sohich acached 40 thin, oy Baitain choi ts period had a stable. democrerke fot of Govt. ancl alco enparalled naval potoer i enttire world. ite peake 1608 ( Gloricon Revoloten) — © Ahduphiat sovolotion stoats om otile sector due to availaily fran matestal (cotton) ancl boate sequinemerd of homan being. General reonon ‘Raomaterial TT Bank aequivemen + Main seanon- ; ter Hlovse “he (Inpesialcn)Dong ts puiot Batkin «7 involved in @ important Chalongen g @) Sndunhtal sevoloton 6) Qaltich Gmpariaticrs hor both, thug asquised hope omounh f mao tchich eso chained ors i inporhing érdian tectiloy like tuslin & Calico and Ais w0o the challeawe for Quilish cup itabrt. if —@® Reolotion in inkookuchre: OSteam boat = Robert olor @ Gromericote — © fai « Gey 2 Ptepheanon. fobas 70% Wireless Fekphone Telegraph @ Meadanized Coad = Meadany Sn-ts ora 5, denbvializaton andl commercialisaton, it became imporkint 40 rove in specific direction and thir becatse the cause fr Comig f team book. “Trarpertation of huge amoonts of rao material and gee erected greene for rails and Mcadamyzed peads , eahile sca to be awar of demand § spply ia wonled lect 712 Commonication ntvolobion. 8 Change in egnicelnal pte sad promokion th evining jndasty. Appicsive becim e company + IR on it war the main sepplie of seo mederich to nc lishies “Thin Gee Promotion to cash eeops Like cotton, juke, inchigo eke. Coal & dion became lifeline of 42 fo min clohy got fom with JL. g inckohy got moment eit 4,2) Komens, Wad economnitalns trade § chmanda> Worlel-Hishory- Oj Woald-His Y ojha + Evaluation: a oy oo Frclostrialeapitalise ‘ Economic erchantilisn @ Religion — @ polity OSecieky Anduskial capitelism + Gpitaiists berefil A a county: Merchorilsm: for benefit richer county. © Thaieel imeorant econemie aaped df inclonbial aevdetion wan Promotor -te indusbiol apitalion ‘2. ba business hoosen conbolling the large pat of production of nation. 4- abo gf pesrelen be plan of rrorchertilinon 2. objeg an f 4 counkey and ib economy) for benefit of mother comly: 4. for 199, Anchis became -Pomhoose of indushial Gaitein. @ “Tally f pp tO — ‘Raveck: peled — Leterveoke Baclha period Deriod (paleo) I pe sicolhve Gio: sobsictence Sco:cgaicltwal Ro: F orbantzahon”” + hade § commerce pel: Mabayanepads [Boring changes polly J pol: jana bmed — pol: janapack poli "bate aston)helete movernent “ey vedic period Leder vide period Boddha petiod Goncils Adkainic hotive Sound octninishatye Shrootere troche, Sy. anper larthonaale! Ceptelicm gave abn te pethical saycter a “it led “fe emergence of pout menarchien called nation aterten. trcleskial Aovelotion Joi Promotion “bo copitalsm tohich increaned the chminance £2 “palthad capitalists § middle clo in political eyston eohich Pooally led to -the bith of concept of nation and neionalism. Smportarst exampkn were onification of 4 7 nel germany inn pecond half of 1" epnf Aacreane. In pasthiipation £ people in adminishedive shucke became Hh “clevelopme Soy atasts in, Butatey and neacher-i peak with Anesican, cevolotion. But the Important politrcal clevelopment in this period wes bath f nex philooophien bke Commenalism, socialism etc. Capitalism led to miserable condition of workers eohich won not understood by aniteal Liboor leackrs . Luddite, a: labo leader in Britain etaclecl chokepng mockrn.incepties and this coon calle: of locliHe | aevemaat Jashich became bare fr political philarsphies like communalise, pecialism ek.Hh 6 Contoey BL ad Nonak, Dezoriond Saranaot, Kaban meal ff te Pepolabion was of rebels, welgee or of fenchors. 4! Pl fathers te peolortanh aha escaped rom Srepe from bale Pronecerted 4 Clminant catholit sect. Yprernion of rosie which wor evident when, within a ahertspon of time te. 100 gf he newsttlers in Atnerica turned “the lancl into are. of prodscten ancl plantahen, Peelg philerephars, thinkers, acientins etc. > @ Dissatisfaction of Anaricar perpler onthe foik ef ter tk and bhour woe faker any y Bartoh and in this oe pocial abnonphere, In America 20r pate ihelf bo proet agcint minole of Bein ® This Preparation got memenkim cle to the rok F d Antellechsal clan. Whenever a rosie or nakon offers fom crisis, He infelleckoal class spel Are racoonr d houble ancl provisk genuine nelohen fer ihe booble. Smporten! pecconalihes in Bis Bold to Americ conse4) Themen ‘Aine © Bexgjawin thonkla no polbrshae! the jovrnale with tilfe ‘Grmon Ser in which he explained! économie exploitation f. Buitein ond Proposes! “the inckpendene. 20 “Hhe nolohon bo Kin. D Beojamin Ahonklin oxtablished philorophical nociely of Anerica which hed its branches in ffeent part of Ameria. The “ bjectiver of’ theoe ha peeple. x) 9 wg Paik Sproveked people shen he aatd “gh ma cath : & ladependence. * eating aware — Prltiniog = provgeation. ® _Snmachiate Gusca: “Packeal fente4> Americana aboot Hair aconomic itil | in-the world in which -the'mairy ole coe played 4 Fheven) yt war bl Englencl dod ance ex he sasve of Gnade (1156-3). | Be Buthin gt involved with. hance, abe He st time Amasicovn qt Fuchanel to -beike Heir prodoct te alifferect pash f-the. tool.of hance in Lyris car enced Fench with this “the def cc f bors a) -fyeot in Nethan post anc dn his scenario, the mekva ond " awakened America, woa seals to ght he ibs Aighls and got he Gieend chee Britain ied eo oubedt Amarican coealhy ofr he ooo. ~ Eigeionooye, - Fopoctand Events: Action «—» Raction Aco by Bik Ap own «Poach by rari a O Greenville “Folig © Sons. wy and Degslrters Ubeety ® ‘Reckingham ceclaraton @ Boston Manacre, (TIO G Tewnshed plan, © bord North’ Tea poly @ Boke “ety 1493 Mee 1 (0275 son Balen checloracl that oo the coor oer Pgh he prelection of American colenter, the burclen of -fmancial Ctsis moet be shoved by Amaricar, olonien, Tih kel be cpomin f Greewile poly, zohase important -featues cavre : i) Bailar ingased ne ~leweom America ble shop oul ego choy ek.i) 4} aho imposeel old_te.bictions on tmerica like Abia hon Act of 161 His bassiwas sacize of ithaca to Aneicarh, — Americans imac toskup te iesoe f Exglob Manis Rayolotion of lei a ae ‘ yy or & “os xafi{2ou, World ifs tony : Opha: \a According + & lishmonn acsolotion, the fax poying section cas to be gr? Aepacsertation in Bitch pasliament. Americana -took op chis issve and gave the “ged “No -taxation withoot sgpaerentation”. Mersachibeths seraty Along wih this hea also found opranications ie ‘sonn P tibee a, chughress ft bordy which etartedl ar, gti atomp Verders ancl boing ‘clown the stomp This was a clear co' message +o Britain Hat Americans cware not aeccly “fe sorvive onder te exploitative polices of Baitatn. + Second phore: Baitrsh Gov! failed +5 Grnalyze sihvation and it corceded stomp oloty to, be seal cause of the trouble: By ‘Pisclingham cleckration Baitish abolihed stam oot. Bot “rough “Taonshed plan if clec hred cthet Baitain mtill had ahtte Imposetax on America. As evidence fy ‘thin, Buitiohers necloced mpert cbtie on certain product -importedt by America, like paper, tea ele, An ech crcemotances, Somoel Adams led.a maze profes! is Boston and Buifaia committed the mistake of oking mittory achoa which fed 4o Boston massocre of 1770 clrich sephored the seloticn bly Builth G America.+ Thiad phase : Silootion wae highly clerse i» America anc! Lov Next, Batish PM through his ke pole ried to have cbuble shod by ingle arr. tie! chob wae to relieve E1C fom Francia! borer, ey importing tea and impesiog roport cloty en tea, Buitain coil maintain its apt of, impostiog tox, on Amesica. (Second phot) Americans cere not 9.0. mood to gurranclr and ance agein Sameel Adame with his follocsees enters Boaton port ond Hye tea Containers into alantic. Tie eer ailleo! Boston tea pathy 7. *. Boston tea panty Beginning f ArcaBh es of. Soc ienelnce frost philadelphia Second philaclefphia convention convention, ITT, 17% ‘ ' L important cotcomes f Fest phileclelphia Convention «sere; | © onily amercan colonies. eshen ssprosntatives of American eclonies mat in philadelphia to clecick thei Plo’ G Bkne. ® Ole, branch patton +e Eiglond means arnericar, colonies wera still Aeoddy to live onder paroote ge of Barth bot coithy Plecing coneliions :. ; 3 3 Bakdiabeolel semaveall wilchos qa tede oad Ciomnees of Hers vce of American, i Praericann ohovle be ghar aepresentahon iy Eaittsh poslioment. r Al eseoms thot Georg -fh, avler of Britain cither filed 4 | onderstand problem or he oldnet wort +o understand the probleney he onderestimated the potential of Amerizana. So he ckelaved this avert as sect by Amsrican colonies which lee’ to seconel philadlphio convention 1 mpertent feature. : : 2. * chose Imporhent feoloes oe Dreboralion of Arclopanencs © On 4% Toy 1776 Armcricann declared their independence. ® American armies uncle 2acerchip of Geog (Caching fn ere Alebcng Buthih forces. 41 1981, thonce nent a militen contingent onder lofegatte to assiét Americana. ® Anepite f initial Reilores , Americans in crucial battks f Lexington and Gacorck defeated Buitish. ® Atwoly in 188, ‘a ‘heal y ff Fans, Britain left its clain on Amarica which lad te irdeponcleace of America. @ Tea ad. © Andeperchace %, plein convention’ @leington/ he Relelnteg Batch Concord tot birth of Amarics, new question infiont ff mericans esos chal sil be pelilal shuckwe and ps llical icleleay of rea bow unit “Bris Need to incl phicklphia convention, [164 whore amreriarr wor indepen dorce torned ibs American tevolotion.Tis happened bacause Ff Pollncin 7 develeproenle; © Bith of Averican union schich Pty lec! to birth of Onited Abed presiceot of. @ Mon-macle conntitohon on guide for reobera America, bared 00 Principle € humanism with apecial ! Perhewer Uke fealeratin, bit of, aaghts Uftt)s prowtcion of amendment ak. “Tene. chrelopmen become tha model Lv retin of modern eoorld- © Vaited slater @ Manmock. constitotian The neio born America feced! node chalenge i taibiel phone. Biggest Sllenge in second! hell of 17% ceotay woe American evil war,A - Hmerican Civil Cer : TT Sh a | \ @FRancna trapoctent Role f Hous hom \ ie events Lincela « Reonona: ofl 2 compact soverciqnily Van Hegale : Teil f plie Blant : Slaver Shag! ff pag 7 © Aenean sonion er a volovtoy onten, So the sheen tare £ the opinion that hy Ahovld have spacial aights and also Volombany aiphls kave the onion. This wea called compact sovereignty Tris lea to -formarhion f Bilal party which sepperted hong teres ane ron feclvel patty cohich coon -fore sheng enon. These portly» laderin Fomed into ckmocrahe ane! repollican partys. So, concept compact Soveeeg nity won cause f aift in Arerican states. ® Northen states woe inekehialized slater and they wanted shong tariff policies to prolect their Local incktws fom Eaepean competetion. hile gp acolheral etoram sy wen'clominatecl in south ancl ty impatac! egaicoltwal trols and inop omen hee Lvrepe. bo they were cgpinsh boll policy. Ts led to chuh economic interact bly roth & cout 6 Slew became the cose of blast.Norther. dnclosbtes —. canted abocg | againat catede oviended “all Te sytem ———f— ~~ - - Maron- Dixon line Seotheen icolhre . x + enanbedl 20. sounded! sabes Boer ted orf policy loves 40 feudalism. Moen ta ~fielts Norther copifalists inspued by philanoply f caprtalesm wanted to abolish olvery system 10 America and this ear clinectoHack on lendloeds of soothern alates, which led to blac! by varth and sooth and ator starts ffom Missouri Ayrcement. s Arportant events: @Grfedeaton f phecten -@ Anialovery achvities @Viletion of Migsvon agents 1th bath f Arwica in F183 it ocopted the polty of pochoie ond conquest of neo denithvien. Gys-hewes and cabifornte coore Conqvorad wohile Levicinia tn cenkal america ean porchaned fom tance iy 183. Ovteome ff this: expansion f american ‘torriforus swhich led +b buch ef eco nkedes tt. Pecan abe Bin actenact mg nbia. nbaed okies eenao wader exhottar feos tea om alive Atates? America in begnning of 17 *ceokey exa pot acady desdize “of critical intemal ceigrs ta end this kd to Missouri apeemeod in 120 , According +o this agtseme ot, shedos chove...367a3'N eill be il be free etedes while the whiter below it cotll be slave wtates, Alibogah hare wor Compricvise beheaen bots the grasp, i stems cxpilalicts eho! giver bape ond ey aclplec! beck chee paling to fg egamat alow Wits won evicknt y achvitio: in Nbeth. 5 ‘Liberator’ prblinhed! a Gewinon, Cleclaredl cusacke ooo ory option Anti-slaver ccichy toa —formnad in 1838." Uncle Toms Cabin’, a nevel by IMs. blove seprovertecd misarable concihon of aeves tn south: 4 Cibarestor ’ Oncle Tom’, > ee Ark alow aeciey Activities of Noth crated suspreton in minds ff coothern slater, “they seeckeel against it end thet kd te velaton of misseri agreement. Ar rthis violation Fe a promation from Jinidenk in America © Stephan Dowgler, iter kw fom Minoie declred that atehs of state depends on vail sf the pasple. ® Dred Scolt incicleot in eshich SC of America chclavedt Hat shove is.0 legal efron. These inci slenk exthosiared sovthein steer. bo ckiog odbactage ff sikiaton Arey aoined Kansase and Nebaaoka infoaleve sector ahith wee above 36.34N. iia became the arece for eltect elaoh bh, and Sth in which ckvelopwerk in novty provolad southern wheke.apo Bisth, of republican pasty ecith tom eganda @ abotiieg ptoweg rep ten in Amenta in, 1854: 8 Tames Braon Epinode eho raided raltees arsenal G proviced! arms and ammunation to slover to Fight gonad ctheie marks. 9 Abraham Lincoln become “the.asp solican president. Freie chaeloy rent care. chancel muasege Loacith Hal Is F sovery wore over in Amarica. There fore southern cvkiten acacteel egaind it hich led to filoong levelopmenk. a © Amporlant steer of south Mrszri, Molar, ‘Hloviek aeparcted fom anion and ferred confedratin of states © Dwiel=Effcson bacama Rosicki f rec vnion. @® Neo onion mock Ploong Hon: D Stover 09 0 legal insirbohon. / Sd eff polig and special lek tthe ket | “Tis led to Ged Dorin Amarica ehich wee shot hondled by Abrohom Lincoln. oe me ee ee ee ee teSteet ald “i ater Cha + Role of Abraham Lincoln: @Change the iesve @ Role f velonteors a | - 6 12 amendiment 186S~ @ Resoral coi t by patkcipctiog © Guilwor started on iseve if laveey bot Lincoln changed it when he said that slavery isnolthe matter of concern, the trmedtiate -teoke is_ametican union which wan acheived by sacrifice f ovr ancertors. Bin created a emotional wave in america. , @Apoat from milttory actiom ne necruitec! wlonteers te propagede cause of Ameri¢an union’ and alse toonarrate the ety of buth of america Srcthis way, by the initial moves he was successfol bh reacting conficion 2 the aival camp.” ® Lincoln taking advantege a” shaken excl fr BA Chowhe! by hich he abolished lover) in Arates and tn his eoay he wan successful fa any move! sopport of vact popslaticr of slaves. @ “Fessonal conbibutron when be gn gorbnce and inspiration. fo the -fephting acts, with participation o:” leacler in crubial battles. Gi Cagoeat f Orleans, Battle f Glensheg | rt cy iho tase ep bess soccessfol in conpleling the mposs He teak of protecheg American enitn and cbelching ley is Aewitea,« Lealsadien of Arerican Kevelashon © Medein ckmocratic sehp toca bd. &! Biphedelpluacomeento @ Imupisation to a chee Lie + Dtrotiove macharbilien nee & adion odin ty epPorlegere G ppontsh / Buh Galonien of SuthAmeriva | i led Q@Neo pol! leolog ice bike moniprotesh, b Gobo Ieee a pol He sear , - a © dnc. ich = not possible (4. premodern exoale. becaune hig tooo connidered aad of Ged: Hhanch Revolokion of Gt Boston protest: 1789. “ an nevoloton proted fo, be © hndlmark —Thesefore Art In world hues promoting nea Ser to he eoorld and next imporlact evont won Fhench Revelutrow of 1489. i cm Ah te ce2) « 4tench kevelotion shanch Revolohes ; 7 c 1 T Prefoce Reasons — Amperlant events Rise & fall of Napoleon \' T + Btaleation ef $end asee and Nepolear ° ‘Reanons : @Bonomic cases @Annediate cavee OF — @Pliticaleaus offintellechuls aes @ Socal caveer © Seonomic cause: — —_—_—— TT Majhal Empuue Bourbon Empire Hyoanty 1 4 © Shehjahar D lous fy cbsolote dlenpotizn (Aro cote o 1 yy a involved in all iscvar of Ewer Anarmenble Carbisclenn famines Prrancial eric. wars 4 fron ceokal © Louis & pent entie life in pleesere Asta Deccan i increaned fh and polrtica lorisis L @ Asrangzed 6 lewis iw oraed ace. crisis polifal criss. all sorts of pevo ltr sent emg fo help cmaricans ke bap @ Babel Ahab-B. ereaded -frnar etal Caarkeuphoy.lovis xiv ceclorect "-lhmPhe wlale” and Bilosing the play F abpolole ckepohim ha fought irrorarable tora esl fnoncial ovieis in hance. He wor followed! by losis &¥ who wan incompelant monarch echo apent hip Time in world pleas ses vere eco and pd: crisis, New acler louis XG imnlead aching economic Crisie sent millary ansdance. “bo Aroerconn hich became cavse fe financial Lanka hy in onc Ang cit thin, Paloce of Veseailes coan 2 by burcler on Narkenal income and if on calle ao “Govaycad f naterel Incona’ bacaine 6 on open expencttre 6f Aagel hovsehold. « ® Palitcal cases: _keoromic cvists leads to political crisis te aeak adlrninistactive ShoctS which becorsen the cause f anarch, cobich because» civsa fy absanse ff lewand or exploitatien of people a nobly. ® Socal causes: 1 euppemion tid Heconcing and polly axe. in aim rociely wall abo bet houble. & cremployment insecorify ek Bot epedeal eatclcouse of Aeochaacely eo | cbminanae_f Pivelege claro ie pevstrand nobles cond seeing f common mon, a(arb) So“ \ Alipivitges Nb espa 9) Comme 1 mon [Fired / i J Ge) Nl privileges MI aesponribiliter auction 7, fan Common mao wovekore yen. Common man coon niffering fom ail aieko ancl ty pled active paid in french aeveloton. @ Anporterce of inbellechal clace : @VoHaire oO Monterquove ptefechoal clan ® Dihowmal © Rousseau i Acceclg Ao volta re creativity in “the bape force in the cconld and to acheive “Pus he advected -for -fececlomn expronion. Aecerdiag fo Mortesqueua monarchial ford. is gee ebopote Gort. 00, if bothers bom aboot coe lore ach ihes te propor seperation of” Pore fre responsible Govk: hich eoouts completely bother about welfare of the Prope Rowsseav sys that Legahp ts not gil f. ged b nolkas bet ib isthe ookome of soetal conkoct bh, rulers and the soled. Ss,the aokre hhoold alcugs aerpecl will of the people, How this, he proposed Ly Gberhy epaality ancl fretenity tothe people.= a, ere proce arapctipesia 4 coy Ench Proce Provaing genvine rclotion Vv frit. ‘eligi is a personal affair 4 inclvidoal Ao it shaald not trtarfere. in Polity one! edminsherkon. Tis became “he backgrownl fe promotion’ concept _ of secobetm. —“Raefre fanch seve intellechols laid closer paronckrn f f. ab scien acon tt @Aumectcne caune rox the blordletn of Leow XG). * + Ainportoot Events : Plitical deadlock, - Estates General tall ff Banittle Netonal Ansoly sets Nedional Convention «+ * Alief Besiktle + & phar hl iti Bi phese + Netinal Gavention — © phere Fe ff Nhpchan + & powphare \ Ahench assistance to Americans io their coor ef inckpendence \ proved alisaskous te levis it anf cmaled franeial bere in Hrance. As beg moved fo people -fe- neo -laxen,the sof heing poop ‘stared clenand fer political achyma. Lovis Gr 1200 very cle thd A bre listen ty ckmand of peopl, “Pal sit leacl > the clecline in hehe’ Ling be instead of inneg to voice of peorle he look 2 alepa : © sppoirled Togo 0 Froamesal mininhe to sohe te prblen, coho gave few point proposal: ‘ 9.No 0 xotaxes = fi) No anxe loaan No bake Brinislscn cependitae of slate & aegalhoaschel ~Fagel Paid peice fer bis cleanin és he woos foomesildy dismni ®) King acid invited Lari sbéll, amganizaden. of aristocragy bot it oleh sebsed 4 shove borclen fbi and -the state. - As losis Xv1 filed fo gf & genuine selotion, he vesorted to path of Lace against Hee people ancl be started soliig shienit Trroegh ordinances. This kel te sist in ohifferant cities of Lance im vshyich people clemanckc|, ioitetion fecteds greet Potabe Qa — Leleclen general 2 Loa Z, (Conn: Uy of fbn) 7 Ee gene = Loy ige eh del ig” stuiflads, is Zé o 7 aco Comroen cncemble f. eill tibey seprenantesiven Majpaily yp tance cliscons crofal methiss footing Feciney-t phooe : Loith his hidelen got. locus XW invited ovlutes grrorel ehich cproved te bea shock becavse of fall esing secaon 2) Corian man wea lyperar-Hoonionti fer bis poshiipation ia erkatea grote! and hones. bge 0. people abated moving towneds Vésdlears. Nor 9 Gmormn cerancel or change in velo pon oo tt , “Hhal membership of exke-re gered shoal pwc cpon popotlin patio f Shlotpeneral seh Provision f one presen, one vote should be -fillewed. Ants cong “owts X01 committed the next mistake when he closed the eee a emembly hall. Sa rcaction +o this XS people gathorecl » Fey! Gion and hy declared ~Hhomselves 2 Notional Reperealalve. So tmperbant ookeonn f ealale genaral wor freerhon f Netonal Acsanlly tll bowing Hae copination +o fame the constilotio. f hence Lovis LW once qu committed Hie mic take hen he cllcmiccad--Necler, a prominent-nobs f hir-fine ond aympatcee f conan ran, because he oe properl f chenge io volog pedloso in eateden greet: hove i lad gating bepsn Gaon) bat es gps mesiege fe commons man chat kgg eee nok iy a mood f pace Instead oanb 4 Supprem ty. people. I Tis kd string ¢ Reptile by manner on 14” Fly TIE.“Phave I: Bosttile become coole f ergot becavce o anaey forch meb wan'ed -locellect arms ana! ammunstion, 9) A roar thot Thad polit-al prisonccsizere keptin CarHtile, The -fall He not sb a fall f a -fort bot 4 m file Bante soon snp BNL Pook bat 3 e200 “the beginning of Ahench Revolotia becaune : gree Legionine ot une 2) inapization “For chrect acon & 2) commonmonh . atonal quards ends vlog __ \ frmation ff nat “the people stocclup against the old aoling ahupethe anid ter mein -higek coora mannars ff the (manor's) solig clan 4) arma apne d poo of big ond here any aided with the People, thin to«0 loss ef poeow and presting of the ki 0 Pris cxnn'onckr conhel f commen people 10 they formed municipal coxporotion ff paris to mangge he ty and thin con bgionng 4 people pasticipation in admintsbraten. oD Vecboy f commen mare ore eeitlocracy ancl a Ala fall f Beattie, nchonal enke beceme the power cenhe of ance ancl a9 it aopiration iain ty dame neu const hho.a 2 So this led ~~» the conatitoten f JU, cohore imp feathnes were; 2) comtitehonal monarchy seed, » Lao ogy | | d Homan cil signs lechrahion - a) Gnslitottonal monatchy, onder eahich king exo toacmota formal esl od head of hte having the wight ‘oeppoint ond tence fee, elpoae of cclminahon pasced irr hand of #8 horn leila hang 16S, Satis oy bing of Honce kann avblershenp in Farce. 8) By bao of cllgy, aegis tolecinaled 40 th ele oo abel got the sight f cppoinlg pprcoly elm onl payng slong prety chss. | © Hamer & cal hh aleclnion eg: relows efspech Gexpronion, JpAiccal aight -b people, cull Aighks tnclocg bart epealiy § Feely A) Arbedece! a ne2 commas desinge ond nketed cxthonalaig lands, anctched any Ben churches ancl feudal loch. “The conmbitorion of 191 cox ideal 9 exitee bok it con not seiteble fv Fronca ff IF an it e200 baclusarcl weak feodal | anctdvadlikonad These re the coratihohien instead gning emmboan | France hich led bd typ. develo mp gm é +h pevoloboa crated contstr F conjlict fn no agDoakd tirtory ¢ Ojna: g \ As levis i ried 4p escape fro coonky, tteoen by How to 7 gevdlotion on agning avihoaity fcortistion of rey tied cb sncape. So the constitvhion became invalid. On cher side imporkan! exxopean covnhra onder the keecleeship of -dusbia decloreel wr agaiet Ateneo, bastally to save co! aot Dot —fa family, Cot hiclekn agenca Oac to cos! national assembly GH natonal “g W 4 sevdoliner clvelopmenk This gave vice Ho ‘nto challeyyas infront of nation: i) pte f ki i) how 0 handle Infenral erisis- i) how -odeal with ‘eet invenion - iy) femal off neo conn itston: w ee ge _ file ofking handling tnlamal _|raedling fore ayo foal ft Lakh a crisis v ine ceatisben hep hepa? these challenge» lea -b -hoidh phaoe.NA Ct INF Notion Govbtion (12-75) @ Canstibtional Morocly © Gasthtional Lpsblic New constibtton emphoni.redl on constiotional sspeble hich had 7 : 2) Directory boxing S members, each with eal stb, fellas fahren 2 Dacctay hosing Sm ee 8 Tam period ef clnectos 2 become head folate ety forages A) Monagemact badly: Ht mada. prvison f 2 hove, upper haveeand loxerhouse in which ‘the propesals wera rade i upperhoose bot thoy were to be Poroad only Gy loser basse OD Rebyron f azenon affair of inclvidoal § it lontall he @ Grlerfesance f sbele to Social contoms ond heck How. 4 alete ppeetfed concock fer people ond abo gore qrictlinee -fr ote of the peopk. | | O Mired! Zeorom @ Seoriemie sefoenn clone ow commoniel lines on copttalis® wore ckelatacl co enemies. * | Ricoref impectant commodity coor “fuel. ( ( { (Ntional Assen National Coaventien e i“ Gaotitohon PF Castitsten (TIA 4 4 © Grstibohonal Monarchy O Gonatikstional sepoblic i o DEZanomi: Olof em | Ripon ciogy ore Tet @ Honan £ @ Arlerference of Gvil Rights tele in social d cottvral affaiee Option constitstinal a poblic was good bot. it had dlefeciencies fawn all sides Like shod term of crxecto imbibing Senge slowly. €fee of Tenor (1793-14) Biebin cob ewan be >ically the clob of (oc20r clam people, aly 0 of Gon Ferra ha tre impact of brs gor wore aggyreasivon Dees © Smphonis on comounict principles i.e. nationlization ff Proper ken, ovng ff qwicer. of commedition eke. ® Aboliton f shvey —+ coors! Loven &fonpleitabion. @ Soppression f women cghh 00 Mobor Rea said thot ratire hos created women +b man go Peily § ge bath: ® Elemination f allaivals. © Bown rnist principle or ei — 9 Abvey © Sipprcssion f coomen emotion Conta Mealism Aggression . Rebos Peirs filed oighe pt leadershia “tls leps rot only increcoed confiston and conflict, bot he abo crake intellectval void in Ahonce. Outcome of this sitsation was Nepclean.. (ise and-fell of Nopolean: ——_+ Eimergence oe Referens Blenders. poser = Emomenre ann power : Talon Senphine —+ take df cilizen of once. ned ‘i 2 Gepton Af ripley Tiealy f Campofernio —- ‘ee ry — Emperor 2 bbptiin cleried his cxmr a0 on amg flea n hance. Dring sevoloti> he sooo giver te chagge protecting Prous poet “Talon and on he efficiently old his yob, 20 he was colled 4o Paris to ie protection -fo national assembly and ten nakiomal comenhion. Mectiog with TReaphine proved +e ba sening oir! of hin career and hits morripe wit TFoophine ebclel his atetos in hance. He not only got rage of “onch cong, he.woar abo gion ek f talisn expecttion. 9) Balin enpediton ancl 4maly f cxnipofems “bomec] him into hero G Aone. Nopoleen er ge socess in his fost assignwact an he defected Arstria and ronapellod Se Ace f Gopolensia, eshace inportnt provisions coettAushio eon Ht a a“ § Baitein Res . Slelpteto (Gajel ef Eaepe) 1 thorce —Auskria orespiod German and Staly’ntotes, which of fecks inlewols of hance. So Napoleon exosert. © Phinelnd became nathonal frontier of hance (aren of cool thon come onder conkol of honce,) ® Nepolean cg aceceplacl on grades f fabio capoblica « ® Netherland cad Lombard, were alo gen + froace. ® Dnected. cluechoo ff arc aivel Aosta foworch eaten nope creatig onemily blo Plishia and Busia. Venice evan give b Aube, obichdliveled Ausbeia fexsards aorlein Evepe ee ee ——, Fhineland Gvadion Netherland & Mondor Rorsia, Arohalas livertoal. @ area f ssrowices fo ance, 6 all-these gifs D Dueision of ave nival -b people fee oh been ef war coo levied on prople of cefactect -bevitorien» Avhic 6 Htaly!2 After Healy E campofermio, Nepolean has clreadty toned ink feo f once. This kc! to cbah b), diaectors and Nbpolean. toad le planned for Sephoo exxpacktion eit hin oxon bieldon gees ti echich he won fray excess Bl Ac he ceo! ook stein “once baceme eriheal Ao shin he redmed, people “hance had raly one coord coil them and’ thal eae Nepean, oe xganizec! Sainklo Conantion and city eish & his sepperters he bocame the fist cooncil (head of atte) tn 1799 Ler 10 gars ond in 1404, of'ler the plebicide he become emperoc ef thence. = Pefome of Nepoleon: a) Race of | Evrope: Nlpelean’ cone ver clear thel france saquizen toby ondlshegph af les fog Mension andl -hwmeil for 40 ears: Aor this he immedtate pried woo peace with Buopean notions. te ‘igi letlers 0 king f Eylond and Anhia oppeatg “hal ie the. vty coat inthe ora of srosperiby and clveleprant.“Thin won accepted aoles and hic led + trea Aroins bly Ga lend and Chance exlablishing frendly.selahons bln bot coumbies. Trie Arend coon -follocred by Lropears nahons. ) Bonomic se forms: — Noahiotan approach Hitlers: approcch improve national Beaty patlow upprcach income erpemy ys 4 incracotng oll gd hrerease income. *, orn e209 in drovbl 02 national income wor in diserder, oy / v because Pommary sector wor weal, . veoncly sector ie. induahrializestion wor bavi « dlowpace and because of “aie fete sector wan in trouble. Aywocal dgeg “fe foolameral seforms, Nape'zon cdepled cpufel approach economic acform Ja which his motve 20 to inprove sence ff incon Lele 5: Ramen bo inpure $e feck Panprodectie. Steps 10 improve fatty ooproductve & barren lands RRomoton fo onal irrigation ~ Liberel attitode -foword>-farmecs Soferhechral clvelopmeal, conection all foun wilh, part of Sane. Zolabliched Bank of thonce to sagulede coneniy sxclon 9 Farce Bat-then he ney bolhedédd! about land safe or fodomental inprovemoh aputoothio:He comple fely Grace inporanee 4 Sednbiel Brin, hihi evident when he neglected the propo f Shllloo -f inhodoce steam beak + tance. ©) Ecloeational xe forma: Nedhonal Aeserntly benched pnatched coy aight 5 edbcaten Lor scligim on if ime Nahonal Zocction Genel and $anch corn clcbred on official legge: Belohonaeg akps wee taken y Nepokan anhe thodoad scolar leval f cvealion hag Slee f’ Primary, Secondary ond Fighar education Gain f schools, seoncky acheols shri Negeleon be |aofifao, an Woald dintory Ojha “Rhimoey Edvcahor 4 \ Secvlar Mea! Snplibetions. Law and eckeaten were conbelled by degy in premodern age. Mepolean proche one ~ hove D important pillars. if Roblamin: }) Nepoleanism wr feagbh in “Thinory Eclacation. Aithough Nepulean bok 2 acvelohonay step in edvcahion bot then it had feo defack: ) Apast fon rity chaining cri alnctpbne, Nopoleantm won the syllabur iy Ry edlocahin. ® Nepolean extablinh cl normal acheols-b train teachers of highes edvcatin Hira tery coora grer the ‘hang f devotion towwerels alede ancl Nlipolan . 4) Bolitical Reforms : oacpoblic to er oy houses in hance . Membre election2) Repsblic soa eons cowed te donacchy. by he became emperor off tance by will of people. the oganizee plebecicle plebincite in which be ge d0lalth votes in-fovoor of fis quustons and on that ground be became emperor of “trance. a 4 houses, == Genel. State Senats tail bool “Staal 9 Members of the 4 house» were elected by oly. pattern aboined by Napolan, hich we abeed on 107, lao. List prepared frst at clishict level this list e2a0 proparad by selcting tof. & “this ooo colle colketive lat 2 poor Iris tor: ofall diskich sor) wil be voting xg stom ; selected -for provincial level coan frenent J bot inched fom thee oll 10f provinciol ld, anal bab Napoleon hed on upper hands 5 prepared J for the rational lid, Nepolean eced to elect peopk fr 4 houses8) Revived boecoucraty, in hance ind ~hey wer called ‘prefech'. “the c oppointmant and tronsfee of Piaie offices uns inthe hands of © Nepolean andl thaw ware Aepe sible to Nepolean. Arcthis wry se polihial achs of Nepolean matrtained Clemocratc shuchwe ftom oukid: but from inside it ceo a complete conivalized adiminshatin in which all-the posers were tn hand ef Nepolean. 3) Colleral Reforma: @ laces conshuction } Goncenel ; ) Legion of Kegiune fees } ‘Ca Rope, (e0!. tor Created to patishy boos _Sithin cerbinental poley Frog 8 hnportant cleclarétions Like Cerlin, Milan, heateibeliov, he cut off econemic gelation of tance and its aller ih, Baitein, \ eflect + Charter Act 181, o Nepolenn wan to ripple f Qikato,- fraly leodlng toc binfil of Butain. Bablews ret Bo 1000 wedlhop &f wold ond “hance, it alin were chperclent on Bitein for ih: gore. Butain hoc! vba railed bbe dacs. Bet “tance and ibs alles had no eobstibote: workshop. Thin eveaded! economic Cristi crchig rouble bor rack and coinmerce 11 france, Rima ek. Hnally Rosia left “ance onthe tssve and thes became vevlertamit bapianig off) 4p Thame and Kessia. Continent poling & economia atleck of, “hance and ik allies, eaonomtaaly weak covalries ov Britarn.2 Spanish “Uleée’ Nc i Ue Jean o raph T Laban Spain Deceoss 3) Spin in on lly ard fieod of once bol Nepelean Laned! briny tks bao ny bucavse ? Pllocing nnn 2 fequenl ‘iolecdion f covery 4 Spain 1) Reforma 8) Arclinanel epicode 4 Joseph @) Whenever ‘Nipolean wen! on expaditin Ferkgol he never bothered about permission -fom ispanich bork So he general P ep ¢ violatect sovengrily of SPA Thin woos -the Pato for apain & ih peopl. » Keg Aerclinand ef Spain sho exon hes ome totemal en'sin, (200 inst by Nhpeleon' thonce. Afler the mel, Yuclinand 200 seplocad by Slepolam brotted Tereph en Apantsh king This toc the example f beng 29 aggrocor in a Frendy retin )) eeph oo bing f Span cuted a2forms, epee lord aefom sin which land way. taken anty by fesdal lords and coon clishibuled & bedles lebaers. Bot thr this pasitve chp Taz backfied a ieph ancl Nepoleon 09 -feackl lords of Grin ented and satved He alaguer of Gpunich re horelin.Deccan Spain Vietnero L L L Arrongazeb belle Napolean coold “bench left Vielnorn Stonbayta aay hove sepocecd ond OSA occepiéd took cxoeys hinsen —breph by Ganiah Viehom i preple peak hed explitahon He cabal appoint ogy teal $r200yan ond were and! stherlac! ‘4 ota fees 1 Fighting with Masote Aheveign shovle be Notionelisms. Brown eer YS « aft with nation ism. feelings : Moves of. Nbpéleen tava apain were enpogast ond insopentible in ricre. Rigel blinks he-okd, Like Avaogareh, he abled fighting wath natoralam, spanish nakleralinm. This prevedl_clrookous to Nopoltsn, an ha akchot Jost loose a frend, bel it abo cleplelel sercercer ff Fone. ‘erdie nation nevolted. A) We with Fania: ° Begining of onemity chao vonhnenlel poles: 1) Hamilton on ©) erkiblichod pond gee of mani olarhar in orsa ef interference &f Nepo. lean 9 area. a Ression ivsboroot. ) ! _Ahereonedienemiy and Napoleanfa Nipokan because his epine ¢ Rassian oxpaclition proved sv ja. his omg toon obshagedd and this became He eppertonity fev anvals 40 Aen cguiook Nepean Enepeon Bes erited and “heyy defected him to the katte éf leipeigs abich oa begin of cbenfall of Nepolean, aly in IBIS, he won crushed in the battle f wederloo ana nage StHelena where he obecl in 1221. Srnpact of Napoleon era cn Sadia: © abolition’ €1C monopoly by Ghaeler Add 113 ® mae, Wellesley « Avbsicloy alliance. © © 1809, friontahip fret with Ranjeet Singh @ “Tips pvttan Tacobins lab. —Homan — Monarch fittiaey Coomonder Seohis — @rLrmperor \yall Ney + Exalvation: Aomaniton 7: bapession AR econ cartied ay Promotion te madeen yr: a) Philooeeh of AR econ carte » phi onepie of pouty oon rep yoy. DGdalyhe fr Erophetson DOnifcation ¥) developments Seevlarsm in education cn Grey i andl lows 0 Thometion 2) Promotion to clemocratic seksp Nebianalism. Oke acpoblie, kgs ialatne, volteg afer— There fre Hench Revoloties and Napolean have an imperkawt Aole in Enopean Halorg and World Hoke. hom IBIS, 2 new era begon in Erepa in which mond impetend incident wae Vienna CogrenLad + Wale Hing: Gha: 1S Onifrcation of. Geernar 1 7 TTY Rearens horen P . Reononn: a Sitvatin. db) Ervinonmn — 6) Exploitehion F Tromoions. poten Rossa eovbve ves comm boi of 7 Autia unity wan @ cole "hone ee v @ language Onrace. © Station: gj” bidh to pion : 1) conmon lod tly. i) area of resance ——— coal —*. fron Goren steles had “he conmen benel onl on “he greonals of gemen colle ane begiege Aog oth ahs thay cere abo the ers f asnoercen Like coal ond! ton. But inspite of this sitvotion f' unify andsesounaes, german Staten wera backwoe and weak in compariion “o other @uxepean Counkrin. Thin war “he poh or awakened section in ferme: © Exploitation: ; hom oly finer, he gemar alabs ever bed a gemen leks Sty Bervon Emp 12. union 6f german andl ieliam abaler in which e @ 9 avlers 6 he ofete. elected heir leader who enon van accaplance bpp “pe 00 the ceiding abort pr the dis of german shades. te olocg created a promoted policiv: opt gos states bol Napolears made a great contibetion when 2 cleakavedl Bly Roman Enphe —“Tivefre he pine gt ® portoct ef indpirebnt bythe Vema congress. Ais boca Ah leader of Germain eden. The presence ron genes Teclersip Pye an ingot aol inte expletahos f german cteter hich oor again fosledion forthe auolened and Copitelint eection German f° © omoton : Nlpokan cleakeyecl the A Conon Eopive and his bygerd clep 1900 he abolished small afader In cobkm pail ancl erfabliahedt “the singh state weet phalia. Kis etosked give promotion -to tracle $ Commerce. This ako qe a practical chante f erilyb re peopl. a srcladeo united Adotals.© Lnvcomant : s ~The condtthons or German enifealion ‘cen olseady prepared. this the philrephers and ‘ths Sermon mmacle, get contribution. © FG. Aichde gree Be coneipl f Gran ioeabism, Germacy people, Lepeage and cole o va f Td ® Fhiechich Nietzsche croecd all He limik cohen he eatd Goal is Dea (ith this he aa the concyt of Marter- Shue ono the abo gave the degen of Lhe Dor oy All Hrore fee in tolelliby playecl a aole. in Ferm deel plied mar) onification. v + phooe f German vrification: 2) Geemane st oD) Gaueleto — 0) Zllvereto i : ©) Drank int pasliament ©) Gevrron Deak Deit : “hom Vienna copped Abchia became the leaclee of German ctaten and “here wore JB gene tates. So it can not possibk fr Archie redvidbally hance alte telo This kd -b the Lroveibions ff German Deit te. paslomenti chich He members ere nominadecl -the avlers of otdey. This led te fomal political oni f Gemon cles“This fet hed important “t hts: o General awvolotion can be passed by YePmajoiy ® Grattbiral and Lncbenental eng sequtedl aecaplence fom all the shakes. 4) Zollverein: Aushia Pemadl German Diet r-the pareonal benefit bot Rossia look adler fom it, whan if racead te Rercloton of Zllverny te. custom wnion for eo tater. ‘ 3B skder an are r 9 tao sas ol coy he ass pai _& Quam td the aonomic unit f geomnchoks promote 4B bade and Commerce “This proved ‘to be te ou Force fr wnt of Gamo etek 2 g hankfert Ralament : Germany had formal politcal and economic ‘ony il 1820. 4a this -sitvation, Be sexoloions f 30 ond 1848 9 Bagge prowd lo be hecsig pont in Getafe 1) Reokshon of 1830: Ceitzen hing) “nperkenca why pea) Veena eyes erteblisheel mors vehy in horce which cous 9f Luin, fom number of problems. The nes aclers led to hanelle the sikterin and in this scenacio he arrive! of Chesler-¥ Prspesel the gunel Pr aevelolion. H6 used “oc “I is beHer ty be « coccleotlee than do be Mg for like big of Solon” Hh serorlecl fp Gehocreey ane! cbopobism Tis leo -to second aoveloton in thence in 1830. 6) “Tha important clovelopmend df this sevolokion won itt andod clvine i f bangs ancl novo “fe king won calla an “Glizen King," “Therefore an big became tha sprorertalve of -He people, a0 he corofo, act. according to with the people and “Hhin ish woon -o mectonedd beg sre conctitohin faced bj pecple. dois the aeuelotion of 1630 etartecl a nano csave is Brepe coher peaph tasted! Okmandhng constitrhinr from the avkrs. it) Revelotion of 1248: (lebevn pasion of Eompe) 1 eating Britoin—~ Zonomie Ketl Move — I9g¢ lepression, 1247 . Joeatec! Gommenisd Mailers vb Srl cincate gpg fe ber coos { onite and avedboo ove ig Snportan! ona veas In Lorepe, * ebourtrvast Daly arpileld forces So fis ogy cra of) 504 proved + be a chellege Sore poles f Exrope.———______1L— r— Ale of'lee NSF Lrnepe after 1650. —_1——_, — Saitaded Aapened Middle elaes Loboor clots educo-tad man toanted constibhion. coanked ahh. mida kclass (Baecanatoh f 1645) 4 SN. Banagee when Lytton reduced (CA tll We Inte, 1985" « “4 Sa this reno, the oplions eoith she avlers 202 40 oath middleclass haf theyaccepted the clemond ef constibkin “This kdl -bo G *tontlort pasliomnt, in Germony- Mi ezan add by he Ubecals anc! the members oft were nominated que ofils. he objective of -thes postiament toxin -fo okscum Ahe. issue f Geman conststian.a> eal tory» he: g Gi horkbat lect :l that the issue of constihtion and Jamon anion will fake place uncles the leaclership of Rassia. st prsssia uefosed the poporal on 2 goon: ) dt cbdnot want -be be constibohonal head f’ Geoman stckes athe, propesal «00 given by seprecerrtatven f Ata, tn Amutz convertion, Awhio waned Busta fx the comeqvencer if it pathicipates in such kind of actvities —Hdefire the peacebl path of Gemen orifleation came -b an ond, leclng 40 the Fel proce f sek f Bimonck, (fovstt, prose) Biomack —+(onckr man og a with Aushia isthe oly fo created ited! German. Ashe chancellor of Russia, if wan cleat ty Bismarck the wor with Aushra is the dhating German Unification” Tharefire his fact ekp wan economic and wnltory empowerment of Bossia. Unoler econemie. scheme the inporlort sleps coo: Aostab inhed modern economic instihrhons Gi tnpeial burl )Emp bracts one coup pt of ——— — Ar ledhschacl levlopmen ble fe secialim- ach. i profection G (wockecap roils secorily ty fabourebm 9 Ardurhiabinachins in sah bites ecuvity ete. . ee ‘ a procecton co oonbelled boy shek.With above aedeis, Bionarck toened Peossia. into economic and political power. Aller this the impertont stp on enheyomrant poly @) Dermot + pawon , in [gate /2 Tpay —Holertine 6) Anhias victim ¢) ance suo Sebhinoy and -Holstine are clspoted arena b/n Deamask and Deke of Hepes (Gesrman choke) ¢ (Sirilaa. to TREK in o00a A clopole bh, Arches and Paks Shesahe Suri coo tee ply) ths Lonclen Agacemerd 1852, Schlue and Holstine were heept onder Fie. protection of Denmack, Loder an Chrimasl ineorporedtes both terrifoven This lect 45 tha combined! clack of Pessia and Aubin on Donmatk. trix econ coo veny elf to Bamacl of he oncerekoc! “tha. os! eagh onal Dealnen of Auhian military.” Miler he oncler Gaosten Aperwnart “| Schlebusfg coma nck protection f Ahia. ancl-Holrbine, encler Passsts. fomally the mater won over bh en a second stop fe his bjzetive, he etertad abiinalig Auchin from Enepian ole Gi te ackoted pro-presstan otfibede tm Blend)“Fhomised Stalians ts bly Hany jot theix onifechon ef., Mack 7 commitment of. Oy gt to Nhpolean i af Hance Once he war sure that he war eres in aight clvechin, be incorporated Hehtine info Fessia, teadig fo wot by Ania ancl Rosia. dy the Gate ff Saciloa, 66 Archie war defeated aod Z parr ff Shanea became fr seeonal laged and Nhpolaan fil mach amiskhe of coritigg We chmancls ly Bismasck. -Bimmasch phecoeal Tore leflere-to concerned! potter leading bo inolrton of “tance. -y-thin aikeakon, GBenedldh epirode( hench ambacamer in frossia) led - wae bho “Rossta and Aharce ancl in UPA, Hance wan defeated in Battle of Sed 22 cerpleling Bacheget f Geran veifeechon. Biamasck ie called ay” Deddenan WDonclerman af Wor Id Hil bernese Grape rei wnconec hin mater ane hen ty ended Gem co onan—~ Alalion Uni Fieabion : “Raoson “Phones. + Ronen: co TT jee Arnie Bento Legpietkthecr. Enitormint sgt re as a a oni ‘Kenoissanca abulshedamel 5 “Bir akestec! form T gi je eer hel lun citizen ond shige AeHosalism are tmportoet patel. aclion calbre. leo abitihed all al ees Gnel mle Berteter in Maly He. inplemantecl coma politcal § achna whocie oll Bobb, xy phases © abonory 2 alee ulin’, , 3 Lmormence f (tow 4 & Conih, 1850 5° (ale of GeababA oO Moje popla 4s 7 fs hay nd pordy £ So there wor no poesibilly g "mass ebiftedton priticipetion In Abelian onifeakon Thin lel fo bth Cocboer (scored oer teaton) chose aim wus cline meearhy ond set foroviticcton & el Bot in abnence f Intetnal and exctoinal acpport, thug proved to be eoaak dra! wove ot cro by He senha feds of Vere logren. 4: Sepprenion of seve in Naples in 4220. chee! ShageHingl Cc oT 7d v 7 ROT 1924 1442 Revelo kronae 5 phene G prow shasnscrseles } } Aroha } MemS pak Galleon noppee No mets Egot —— Blerbane (lp) supped: occ) ane } hi ae aie (Mtodlafen ANC, IND ek. cepientioon Noe. nope Revefirtonary Amy) yr Nell he fils abe of Gaby Ae chteth goal gece cul mestage Pied secsbening eases. be mend impaclant sagetament for ition vnboctn. In. thin tha Important gole coun pl ly Mazzint ahs called em he Prophet ff palen Unification because ax shipper g Andis. Lv fap apged tedy moverend: e:cel gerne ith ace b ena Qvarenets a) peop: 9 Basson ff pinia ‘thal Halon enfcon sil vol be pon oilhoot Foy help yA “he him, Arabia w0o, He bigeel hwebe in Gbalion. oniheachinn. phoses “Te proposal Mazzini became the guide for Grow, che chancellor of prominent Faber abode. of Scadinta or Peidont, 1) objective coon veep eleae, Gavees aho count Be economic ane role ernp ocbesen: wurst 4 Seednia Scedinta woo an inportant Selon chdte whose stadis wa Arg thencal dheateg Venna cooper I ison never unde’ conho| af Aoshia and it hed a Liberal soler, Vickw Ermanvel. “9 AE Cideene iasceaadlod!” ii Pave obiche, “the nce ap cone gain fog balp for Haba Onichaihe Crimean ane of 185 4 proved beneficial tor Cove ancl bad objectve, This esar eso boaieallp foght coith Rossa andl oho, In eohiely Epglanel and “bance aided dooords Tekey This provec! fo be an opperbonily -b Cave. Se, ha sent Shahin army to aacicd Zagland and “hance in this wor. Erland ond “tance wera victrious racavee ofthe Acle of Halian wing. Bo oe 3 rexponse to tele of Caron, he was invitee ea an Sialian Aepresertative in re Baris peace conference of 1&%. Win oor aliplomeric vichoug of Govoor - 00 toy grt eccephenca by Exepean poss. &e, if exar said thot toy coon born in Phe marshes of Cimea Mihegh Gace pol ancmnnde, fro Exnapaan posse in parte, bot he riled 40 gt practeal pocser from them. So, he trned clowenide Napolan-@ raha promised him by the Treaky of “Plombiees “fo gh ol be of assistance -fo cauror ogi Ashi With he help f. Neporan- 5, Cavour can sec ecsfl in en Arshic. in wet. Tang adthlentge of this, most f the Salen atacky wore a incerporaded Info Sardinia. Cot befre Greer told Complete his bok, NopolesaB chonge) hu Aide. This wars 0 gest wet back 4 Grow. Bot fhen fst phone of Alien Unification caer over on mart f the platen have become pat f Sorel. G bombard Revolt ons of 1920 and 1248 had an mmpact ox ‘ALalen Unification on i lead - Prnaction of’ revolotionary Council in 1°60. “There councils tread “Ba sclus to aerpect Bie wish fe pacple hich led plebirde i» Salon ledes. Diab the actanan f prapl mull of the people foved Heian Onin 10th exception d Gely nlplecnd Rplla |chy Gachakl ancl bin free Peasand pleged! eco sole in bot ‘a when he attacked Stily and 02 he wou able bq Hhe complede mar uppatt, ao he cc opole! Be weles to sevmndes be the couse Molin onifeaton. Tha sto econ Blloweel in other netler ancl tats cengle bod Sbatian Oniferlon inl@70. Tre thosght 6f enily won qven by Mazin, implemen by laws nd Poly completed by Guild Cinch f 400 ne nations Ateted cha political conditions in Exepe, at lly talon huh Bold tt. bo riot ingerlant event in Urge — hort Would Wee: —1 — Resnonn Buse of. open ce Aigsente Matalin tax anh —~ Leonenire ckp , 1929 \ Leeper of Nebo, vinadedne } beg of Ned M920. (Taal of Versailles , 419tofes/rory = Dial Mistoop Ojha = —+ Atiet World Mos o) economic cause — 6) ®) Eamomic causen: capitalism ane! impesialinmare complamend -fo . one ancther. 4 -teok place in Britain in 1780. Orrtl 1850, Baitain eccopied larazpart of the «reulel. Remaining rwan coura ore conkel of pain, Portigal France ek, Gero coe born tn 18708 endl thom 1670-1 i#-krneel jatk an economic pexsee eahrch «aan clear by folecsing evidleacen? i) pioneer in automobile tcl che $0 conbribution f Nicholas OD and Cs! Benz. Trey invanted 4 choke combustion engine and in begining f ateenky Geenory iin pecking 1000 cofyec. i) promotion te tron ond stae lindunty ais Germar had goo! acservon ff czal & ton and if ao seceanded! 1 prédlscin byprocek df eal and in MO, Gernon, Supercedac! Baitain in prockiction d clea.i) promotion cremical indushy which led to clselopmen of pramaceahtcet zacter oral Grmery moinleined money in aecter Fel. 5) Arfeohachval clevelepmant got momershom In Forory and in thts Ge verted Roihonn Givers pla joc! 27 tnpordect sole. Hs obje 2 no-to connect all cifies Garren sce Therefore. in beprcing $20 coreg they ¢ “Made in Germany” Became icitation-for Briton & Ut Baitsh indlusiialiats and capitalists tenrageling 27 from hain colonies. coithout ogg Aust, Bo peng te or” ‘ 3S % Oy Automobile indlot 4 , —— 9) fron & Mel Sa t locke} s ° Chemical inchesbse po Uy Baiteain Gethoag depos Chita . ) 100 lack f exygen ) ] W J force Enitoin China A Sry sap. an economic. power coithout ou 60 cleah with Britain wan inevit ble. “This lecl to political clovelopmenk in Ecrope ancl Geerong macle abift fom cavtioss continentalism +o Ge irmposioabise \ Carshoos Continerstalion \ Napeleans appeal Bisroatk 200 204 abk to +b Baitein maiatein peace whan Semana w200 born 12tth binth of Geereng, Bimork won ey char that ree born Germany aaguies peace cind abilly for ik obeveleprend Gy tis poly cartoon continentalim, sbjectve of Barnaelicoe “to maintain fiondly aelakias esith ienporlant prwsers in Swope. Onder it importent? clevelopments were : DTiple alkane.» which inckclao Germany, Acshio and He ¥) Atrieadship with Biitatn on «gponch f relaton and balance of pasty. Accenchag to Bumeatk, Lemnangy ison es lancfperser onel Baiten oan naval peer So then 1s No pens clefteit bf, coushienii) God aclaren with Kawa aa in the invtol phene, he ackphd proressian attihde, in affoies of. eartern europe. i) once woo beptin inolotion 2) Tripls Allence db) hance 1) Romsia « ©) Baituiry selections hip Nb one wan Ger Refer bat Bailar coon afoid shes Bt, Ahn ly worl attack ancl vieeversa. Bien thegh coiele Lope eno of 20, Baran won able+o providespbace in te ont bn Bee iar] Fee neo suer, Kaiser Williams ond rom here cavhioos continentediam e200 asploced % ager tmporioliann, Keicor iltom-§ Lb. Aaguessie shapesikin:o ia i p 4. ce \ Biamask became the heed ein ambittern Willian. So be Gommitfedd the mixtake whan he aemeveel Bimatk in 1810 on caper ficio| qrrvrels 4g volo Ae rachition f rag obictey with other ministers ithe chancellor. Wi semeval of’ Birmagk, Wilom G comesoet exit polig ef *Dilb Polifik’ xe. woxld politics. “The ‘3 important pillows of Shie poli ere Delt Politik aa Noval Expansion of Sideeereize fa emprocmant —" Geaony eooald polis * ) Nowlempexermont ache Aaid that form Pp Ge lies on water “a Ft oon ne aionply clelarotion by eilliam -G. le Slanted takeing practeal slees in soppoct of hin Poly Te too important exampleo\are : © Boer was Boar » chotch-farmess: @® Moreceo crisis Boer te.dotch-fumars Aevoltadd appt Buittch exploitation in Soot Mice in (896. Wilk - (pire rival seppork | Atocthe aebels and he ako corepestlalct Kacger, the chief f “Transvaal, Morocco .oa0 shecleg icy important fev Buifein ond hance 40 move Into Afvicar cobonien. hance coon ache in vorazass politics, Willom § stoacl ep in suppor of selon ef Morocen . the made personal visit 4p Enger ond stastedd sserolg battleohipe fo |Merecee. Bailain immediately aiced with france and ao if oar not possible -for Germany fit wth combined amen Britain & Heme, Gesmony lefl issve with condition 0 hove share in Netonol Bonk of Morocco, Thane incidenk ae clea: oot message Hat William -G e200 ta mood d¢ confrontation with exit evropean powers This led #8 tha Ain phooe of General cevebopmer ts. General ck velopments ee LL s—> Militarization hance, Reesia Triple Envele —> Britain, tharce, Rosete. Thpan go axtited clse to alliance with: Baitain, anc Aleppecl Rosia for Pant Arthur Ezonemie, plitee! ara general letpmenks prepared =the scrip! fov frat woealdioon- hoor “kok place in Zeotern Einepa on the banner of Lassen Question. “Phone & : Lantern Question. Phone fii: Genoral Devalopment Phare d : 'Pebtcal Development “Phone L : Leonomic Peedepment.Enh Qoostion : ; 0 sic rine: band bly enctee Exope G eat eara @ important for ss haait of fliooke pbinend, Ollsnene | 1861 in 1860, AOmonia in 110, Sian 1677, snd Opentce eabmanded Talootene oo the homeland of Taos =. —s 1406 - Bisth of Menkira lege Teuonokoerve Palestine @ lOhet ts ednlean qrcnfien? Salem evolved tn Pphooa 2G; ) Mohammed ho sieibey st toi fa 18:3;-horka occupied! conshombinaple ond! hesleclenlerg tbo ope. Teg were stopped os boc of Vierna bot her -blend of (earkay Bay mre axceceflin Cece ping corer Lape de Homer | turks evere. unde conol f orthadex priedtty clam,the niiedgant equal rhe les 4 chairtian subject of eastern Eoape “have fore hers “y legions sp reve vepean neons soar oping fer their inclepenecknce fm They. da the boot phare 18% corthogy he kia empine Bare dechning and-thir become an oppor for carlin ewepean nedkons te comecot of cHomar ampites cliches. Zantern wuropeon nedims alartec! elec faving thoes independence. Aovag Movbinego in IVP Serbia ty 18204. Greece in 18.306. This started! shape bh eanlern exropean nations cnel Tovkey ,cloe-to the tmportance of this area, conepana ‘powers like Butain, thane, Rossia wbotolidy iweolled an earlerr quention: EN [ jPy 8 Anportant phaser of eastern quortion: rial invoed jin if ond! his: in a) Gimaen Wor 2) Boller — 9 Bodin Gngrecs 9 Necolwelopmand.@ Gor Alerancke of firssia made proposal +o Biitun thof Chaichan powers ahold enite anc! protect the chaistion brothers of Eeolern Exrepa, This proposal eso aijacted fy Britain, 10 Gear Alexoncler bok pereonal inittartive Ieoleg Ciimean coor of 1854-56. OTrben x Bgsio ‘9 a A / L\ 1) Bolomedf power ° 4) Bus peace conference, I65E Aribl, coo Yor ond Rossia an it eaenk -fo clominate arena of Asia ming Buteiveg *hronce 40 maiitain balance of pose in Acta minor, sided! eth Rely which kd to cleflat of Racoio tn tas sSae “The 200 flowed by Poie pitstcorfircncch 165% tn which solten of Tokay promicad + give equal sfohin + people f cxrtern asrepe endo go Lor pelittcal reforms in conten exepe: Bol 9) aller Ltedte LIP bis promise — i) At thistime, eaotesn evrope sof fered Poon arnt anal ines affected orean ware Bosnia ond -tlarze.govanta. ii) “iis increanad tension in contern exrope ond “ling cclvantage af cihertion, Belgie cttected Torbay. $f oan immediakly giver 2) Belpre famine assistance Ronciom, beoaiog a RessiowTorkuah coor of 7% a ee Phe ys peor 2) failed promiseTidy of Soh Y L Be feria 209 given eclenemaus seks end lopf ander Protection f Besta . , © Ftey occopled inckpandance of Greece, Srbio, Montenegro ek ® Black s0a became zona of Raccian infloorce. Acheivero of Boscia bacare pein des Burhanufeof2014 + Weall History + Chas I Disraili, the Britisn PM warned Kessta qeint heady of Sen Skfane and in this sihiclion {tension bh Pairce otvel Ricsia avid Baitesin, Biszrark ex gel en peace maker leading 0 Berlin Grgren of (378. &) Berlin Congress : vu Roessianx Tork th oar 1874 Y \ Sati Blefanes Berlin Gagrets RIT new Lenclon, Vienna and “Bris were cones of Eopean actiitin ane! ~Sr tng first hme Berlin got this plats Ond this oe aise fo atsing postion € Gomory Developments in Berlin Goageess © Block sea wor'clechmd ar neskal zone. @ Belgniiteo parhhonsd ard a an avrteromous sake ao0 kept onder protection of Tivkeg ® Gres come under “the protection of Buitain chile Basoia ond Horsegoronis cane. uncer he combel of Aechia. / Auskis wan en oly ¢ Got 4 a “y smast move, Germany entered into tha Alas of exckinBocpe whan Lanne and Norzogaaia ete gen Aoshio, As Srbic considered! both areas a th ides pool, this also started nif} bly Arabia ancl Serbia,Saepean pouets ware on one sicle, if .oe0 cleor to Roria thed it esooldnot be able to clevelep ancl protect it inerest in Lacsteen Exope thet: As Resin failed tr prodect ond promole its intrrh ope 40 itso shat Ressia acbpted the tnchnect poth olaectty to eantern evr Soope cohith was eviclent by tho. neo clvel new new clevelopnents in dértern & sabia voiced logo f Ba-Savism. ct ——— Pens bovisen Yoong Tike Movement, 1510 Under Panslawise, abjective of Serbia coast nite all crear Cerrina by Sly rove ‘and ertablish greater Seba. “Rie A0ce oan algo dominant in Reseia. So formortion of Greater Serbia won in inferoot of | Kassia. Rnslavisr woo not oly challenge fo Erepoan powers bot alto arheat 45. cxishng Ti kish empise in ecrrlein enrape this bockgroond, Couvrter seaction oes woo hong Tarks movementhy fi } i — of Tor % y andl its demand war pol fical Aeforms Gack provetion-to Tavkeab soll, expacielly Tikish bopage + ol pork of Olloman empire inclocg f ecotern enope Tra neo ckevelopmeats oreparad the groond fer claah bn bathe patties onthe icsve. of cobwal expansion Beththe pasties wore clear that [hie war :202 inevitable andar a precavtionoy edep, eorter) exropean neckors like Serbia, Romania, Greace frmod Balkars Leggoe in fl. We exo -follesceol by Belkcooe. F Balkan War + 1912-13 Gl Batkon tex — 13 L Balkan oa-ok place chen Mon cHackedTeliay on grownale of ce hal expansion. rola yt NsClerkesy oo exhaveled che fo continvoes wars fom late 18 PO corey, 40 by Lenebn Agreamend of 98; Teekay left ifs cloim on exalern exnope. Thin folfiled “the chive Be indepenclance of ecntern eucipeary nations. Bet tha {i Ballan Dard. hralp from Balkan Leogve and-i6) 143; Ter key wan cle featect (91% agate deteriorated the Conali‘tons in eantem exrope. G Balkan wer ooo bateg fot onc Balkan stole. ra : Romana / \ ( “i bie “Fok Chine freeee yoo Butch —Terketah Srpetliom tt . |TPensian exon till Prave in Barteen Scrape one! tn thin scenario, ArchObke Ferdinand, crow ved prince f Aphia visited Bosnia, cohare he wor killeel on 28% Tine i714. Artria qr ssorning Serbia and Scibia-accepled! mestef the clemonds of Asshia. Bet doeto | Hoshi Support andl provocection ted, Dilliam-T, Gebva declared! war on Serbia. Reesta immechelal, sent mibrtary assistance to Serbia. da-this sihatin, tile E not oaly: aestetcd Auchis, bot 00a precautionary skp atlacked Belgom be riche if o° bave aint Baitan & ance. Bolen leclaed wor on Germany ancl this woc0he beginning of fst [pecon Poesy ed eoorldioas « « p+. Buse of war: elf.ae 2 Inporliot events afise die use = Resian kevelotion RR NUT oo Reanen. “Phones Roloction. + Reenon: @) Etoremic Causes — Grae Nicholan 4 A) Immactiode —. =— —— 9) poltlical causes cause. @) Role of iptallechsals ¢ aevolirhey veg & political exganizations. Te 40 of Rescia can bared on beige investments and coef exopaan question anal milterizetion, the raign inverhnends are yeduced, leackeg fp economic crie’s anal in-this ecenario enterii 2 Woeabdioar ean o gee mietake committed & Gor Nicholas i Deel economia cavéer', enpleyment redoced, cone! over law.and ovekr claclined and this Aerutted in politcal crisis, An his stration, irlallectoals play then sole. 4 asplaiig “the seenario to common people ancl revolotionzing them, As it took place » hy S is Sah in 80 corey, seer aeintons and politeal agenizatints eoere evkablishadl.oe 4 Porky = Mela. Nihilind—s inchoctvsy ws. elortetion et Leo Tolatoy = bent = coor & fesce — Kash og clemoctal ‘chmonced saci laosel comtilotional eSvcialclemocrats 1883 a SSS SNC 1885~ “© Secialclemecral Exbremink Moderates Mansheviks Bolsheviks ff d Cberalassho anpined ——nadktals sho aipine “fe grackal clevelopment for inmnediore in polly cherge in poli. 2) dinmachad? couse san" the vapregenate Cbeizion y Gar Nicholas E. inchrab soonldiooe packejpabon,sion keuclstion: ieinnepiace of Sowied ao Resercenhe AD Oclober Aevolition- 8) Revinional Govt. ) emaggence ff Lenin. 2) (ith bepiming f fred 0.19, Ressiaa trcbahion on werlem ont vcore closed che “to Sermon attack Tn eco erempliyment meng the lihowr clon anclen Ebscia 200 aleaady facing econamre. critic, eS Z tcorking class Avrroonelecs Re palace ef the Gear Ulemoneling, breodl cfom him. Gar Nicholes commmitfed te onielate of serch ony agenat the people ane! amg diced he peopl. Anateacl ef leomig fom this tacident, Gor committee the bloncke of sending Feefansli (aogal boolsquaccl,) fo cexpprors bath the graop, whe sidlecl with —the prople.This endeel he akcls Gor tn Rosie anel aSoviet onaegeel ao pocar cenkre in Kbssia. 8) Soviet became Re power centre of be begin f locked! ° v fac! eoorld sar bet thenexparicace of polity ancl achmiaishartan. Go Hf allecl coith Doma, the capreserrtative body in Resxia fomeal in FS oflee the defeat f Ressta coith Tepen: Thin ailvence lee! othe famation d. Rrovinnional Gol t Ressio, uncler the leaclership of Menshavik leader, Alexarcler Kerernky. This Frosircicl go iremecheily goer fon apitalect powss Uke US, Bailoin, hance ek.“Mt cleivadl ite strength 2m Soviet tue, bobowrers § -benees Mant the people pecent inthe (orl: were from Dom wheh ineloclac! eppor enicelle clam « FPRovisional Gout. tons iefand andl coithoot experiance and i hia seerario. H e000 cele 7 fr the neo Gord. 0 neti the inderoab ¢ both conekiog clom anal Gpitelin" pobiich sere paged reepes Besos tok conkoversial akeps. BOGrtnved the export fo Tu910 to appeone the copitaliat posers eahicn were oa seppot fo new Gerd. As Besian signet not clevelopecl, ai coor af. oan no use to Basia and in Pico ey “4? tig wor, fe Gar Nickolen. — Previoional Goud. Aepeartec! Fhe mi @ hailed lo fivile constifvert ane : od filed © filles @conemic 42) 6) malnanad te eplton of cone mal § eh. Ph f ration caer il nat ele and Goul. ‘Baas! thal irteten be content cuseay sil dl comin cSaviel in it and Lowes coill move fo.rardy commonalism aac deciabsm-a 2) Doma e200 chmivotedt by aris teracy anc! upper micldle elcen. Ao, i Hey sfill hacl agnpaty to movercy Bot this became the caste of ineidation fo commen. people ar- fey have faced the fexporsibok behovtcen of Nickolas BD) Ahilecl flocs eeonomic se-foms a9 the Coonhsy coon of ecar cnet Vv eon prehensive tet ceensmic aeforna wonalel leaal fo choage In agiicoltoal ond! Inckahiel patleen in Gnchia. I Hhie cous the provieimal govl--fesledl ko -foke org alip te schely the soffecing people of Fesio. Ginn ols an epporknify fr -blectecl prreonoldy This became ha toure ff emergence 6 lenin ta Shelia.> luoald Halong Ojha : > Sinecgence ff lenin: “Vaovinional Govt. : Seppoat tothe as | Atgiled ER Gon tbat Movochy/ Conchibofroned, Republic. proposals f Lenin: End of was . aSviels able. eran tial eoorling claws Bodichon & Chicibution omited adeke Reposale f lenin wore relief’ fo people of Resia. A ccapalo in inlerork of peopk f Gemrany-Oth sxpport of Germany he Achmed back +o Ras leading to oclo%er and nevembarsevoloton“Phooe MV: October ana November Revolution 197, Ht cooms Trad ‘enin wan overanthaciashe as he vy sopport of people and Gemegy- ah ool Bt, be tnedl ab oxcopy Reset Relioment but Gov!. 000 pooufel af the cenbre andl lenin ane porhod backs. Karndlif], the Kossian nilrory commencler proposed) for Marchal law io Rssia. lenin wert vndergrund and opontzed axyiel tog bottom te op one! on 8 Nov. HIF he saised!—He obpan “feace, Resporty and Developme!" and with help of the soviet cophorel the political and aclminishative shut we fret Kom beeen $e top Fis oan Bolshovik Revelation of NRO” Menshevik Bolehevile Nc HRA | GandhiBefore Nps session of 20, Lnfy one dinndlng commits ose 4, 120, +this wan clemecierkized Mage cliohict, provincial congrees commit and cic ANKE opened fy Gandhi nefop Khaoli boosd ~to clishibote obily products , collected som aly Libor and pravicle them auftetent Payback — > Salvation of ‘Resian seveloton: r 2) Real sevolstion a) dapack 8 Nel f lencenveisen goo Supe 9) Real revolution: capitelish =-fronce sana \ cooking clon _ + hadershp = Dastions Sn casliee sevolohons like Amertcar and Acench pevolrton, working ce played en tmpurkent scle bot with soccess efreeelsion Buy never got equal shes wilh power sho of courte Ressieo pavolobion won fret serelotion, afer which power cama ito handy of. woorkieg clon ancl hence the name peal suedohon bn oovld.6B) Brimorions ean Us ey peaches of cxploitetion are by capt Gepileiem (Pt memerkn in sacondl hall of ie coke ied deka rove thon (Oo for -this Prleocpeg to be victsriovs with the avasion sevolvtion of 1417 9 Anpicerbion fol people oof rng fers eapitlins ancl impentalina. Mone: real liberechine 100 Sf SCapphlish 4 ~ wecking clan & *obe-o the number, marca, captors. . political power, which conrols econamy . hoa ean gin by es cel pkey lenin. Marx gave 1trlonoplg of seal tbecaton in ahich ke cppecled! 0 wea clits f world thalon beais of thei oaerteal borg | hey chould vnite and oy political shuckne of nadia. Hs potty “groan | of econ “hay ca tome polital § scone plo acavlng ab Her intosend. This won gen by by Mone Lot prochiey ofp! 7 keninin Rassia. Qoe to axcess of Renan perolutim, it become mnpiation -b all Soffer class in eso incocig Bhaget Sig} andl hy groop coho caid “Hat ~, Gpitalim and Snpenlion are both my enemizs’2d Social, economic and political vnekebildy is breading ge g Commonism. After T 19.0 rary Enopean countries like (eran hy ate. eoere soFforieg from thie ancl Aris ccoo the cause uf tension Ber “he capitaliok of thene coonkien. In such crecnn/tenced aryone ho opposed Communism get sopport of capitolisk clan Trs plied on inzortanl ane in yo" , : Hee of acllf hitler ancl Mostolini ty Clrope. coho promotes! care Noctonaliom and hat led oe F200. 4 thie waa, Kesian sevolohin not only Ibid alson concept ff rei social poltal tanld bot clo became o panic of cath forerttie tzoald. 44 tric ponic, le ented powers in 210.0 were ctcarkefed bathe. peace heeas, tmpoceed on thar cig vasiows treater. ty tris “Tealy f Veriles conbined the siech of @ 0. — al of Versaillen 199 + a Cree: a Ele ~ ™” > exploitat Be he exploiterhion + oeppert 1st Tag N\ A seems that *honce hen not Ragotkn ta hombation f’ t¢71 and Clemeanceas Panident of thance .oan conpleld Inmeod of’ devenge. His matve ras fo wuppros Gernony te sech a twel cthad tb shoolel revevnoice hi heaclagaint hance. “Win wen clear % provisions of “tus ready0) lone of evropon -Leviteries Ackeriltnz = b)geemen lost africoncolonivs g Cre PorOLHe compensechion 2) ema lort ih -lerritovien i> Lovepe. Saar, cool prodocing area w2an Given —b ance, Alossace lordne, mineral seperve eon) Annet aie: Sax Gerrrery post sano aigen aio Coricer so Foland 1) bart camaton,eglnel folk f Breminek. 2 @ aboot 6600 shillers pours : Germany won heb completely sarponail S , to thin eres . a) Comillarization that tnelodid ban on ataforceared nov and genory oom allowed 4p maintain greene nce of 1 kh ina sitoaton echen grey one under conhol of immockve, Inlet political sekp he Weimer bic. Treaty ¢ bhuesailes. con sepeletin of Mobaj eptaock in Excope hich fed to ltzxfic fachon f Germeng noBie panic andl clesatishection, league of Nations wea gen the power whieh war 0 warrior bot impohend. —iehy of Sons eit choy : oo)Ireenons Lheiluce rAheivements a) Grocivs /\ vtasanl ¢) clevantahion tauced by 0009. 4) Grocivs, cloteh indellectoal dering ently Acero, in bis book « ‘Wor and Peace anrang. Emopean natons” he spoke about a would organisection. According fo him econteliadle hao led to economic and polihcal thet Sofirechovle be a world bed to manage economic and political matters ff world. 6) “Reposale ff Grocias sae ogg lectecl in intial phane bot eahen condition of Exope .ctested oleterbrating in lent phase of [20s, eoculd infellectoah and political leaders sterled sapporig concept Gf cool eegooterion. . 1 HG Welle, Batish rtellechsal Di Keeraige, Amexeia caprtclid. Ganeral Emoclye of Sxsth Africa bot i coan too lee. 4 chevortation led! lo -the og fer coculd cageninatonAy chis sifocton, PResie ant Wiloo in his famous 14 point: boned! on peace anol cooperation -tskea! aboot leogen of rathonn hich lee! lo binth of leagee netonsin 20 with its Hs af Fore —> feilore: “Tishyef Vries sar ltechelbo Chee enfrcoble si a shuctivaidefoolt C sidilclecaalin © eg gst 4) lo oan ionp Babsence bisprons a moral pow IMabobos iow ef crm pssrn he Foe, Sy 2) Le laaed onfircable aaghte which sm bectealy she outcome of a cog veg pattern of Lon. Alor with thin mandade syctem won Remrehealy a goed th Bier whith She fees colt of Gmany cnc Toke came onder protection ff Lon! bot Proccaly wey care vndler conhel follies posoese wohith not ory exphited here oteco burt dho ceeded tome poroun trouble in it. a Palestine became mondede of Critain ancl roel Plertine. conflict is erected v Budain. Trealy f Voile, exnotfeched -b a. So it gorerally botherocl obost inksook ¢ Batlain anal tance 9 0S rehsed—b joiniton tne gone f bac lye -hilen Jocoarde Germans ord Tiheg. Gang fora’ fn 26 Bot Hiller ft it tn 1984 07° the goonch “bal if won poppet capotcalon seray inher Bukn § ance. (850 jpined in 134 buf 4 thea qe nd fr TWO wan heady popireel.a Epon refrsed-t lichen ohe tesce of Manchuria hile Sel “s malected on Ethiopian eplscdle. d) LoN won just a rnorol power orfhout ate o police ancl moral | power i consickred an soeakent power in the would. Ali there fekers ployed a tale in Hike f LoN. Bd Hh woos ot 0 complete ‘frre, because iH sole dag f amaller counbies like polo —finloscl, Mbamia ancl Gechoslovaleia. “Ratecton of ninorhen in entive ssovlol (eopecly 7) coith opecial emphanic on the coltuve, teligton ond bong. 2) olved _ é Ce pencil clinpeks ‘ A) health ~ 6) Mirebnprctechin oertect ) 3 settlerosr A ieer fia clobeated itself In clealing wsith chickenpox, molatia eke. Thx by yn Ne ned into WHO “Therefore offer M304, Serepe orentive world 1200 aofforieg fore onic, cliscrsfachor ancl fintak on. apitb cheatin ie df’ toN-Sn this éitoacton, fal blow 15 30 gen Hi economic ckprenion of 21 —> Leonomic Depression: 1929: Daina of iderndle deel arash! fot masked exd.emasket ————__adqw 4) clecline in perchoning ‘i power of common men cheline fort mathe . 9 Awertnent of people in ohare market Rat 04 R2») i pichwe of lage prodecton in - oprneriea but oflee ta iBos an “he prchacing power f people oar nol gaol it lecl to decline of local masket fer arrencan Along with this evropean vena offer forn eontmicand political criats —Pilecd Pepack-b Amavtean Conpanien end finoncia! tnstibstions. “Fic phyed-he acl eh d NoNerk SE. Cllopee 4 ASC bel bo bonkepley of marian bants, tohich toera clepandlent on mnetlet tnvertmenh. THis kel-b Ged B.oromt ckpronion of 24 enihig cnamplarment and frarcial crisis.ie feasovelt came cod csity “I leu2 Deal” besed on Kron principle ff cl fre woell ancl -fil the woell. raporkaot provisions were : d 2) poblic woo ts prometion 4 operon. —Yeoncept f welbrion Bavtess 0, capt rai. } efit fear “4 2) “Pablic caork promotion to inicrkane employ mest a! pewcheolog power ») Gpilalise uncks profecton cf stale promoted! wah achwites bile healt, education etc. 9 bomen of Gout. boas —fecancial institohons or offer counhien D stead f compeleton cooperation bicome nea monka-for all Aechors In economiy. to Hie Geocovel! won Secenfol in beg America on track bot hen ap amerita (220 main sopporkec of Evcopean countries do set back-+e US affected Exrope ] crealog goa! cevblo tcl te bith cogrerive ralinbonm Ene le Neciom, “hoc ek> Nazism: Preface Reanons Soh. fet, policaref Adbelf Hitler, — Reface: 8) Zeonomie isis 0) Lea. cutee nbeac bf03/04/2014 > Cowl tfiedoeg + Ojha: ‘ VEZoree: Gisis “ dksef -— -— 6) political —Hrtlec. l , oe) Social a) Economic Gieis Gowany 200 alreccty feng from the onaf forelbe compensation, Sn 1923, thence end Belgiom ccapiedl Robr (cool prockein 2120) leading -lo. inclefinite sh ke by ecorking class echich cod of the foe! sopplies to gerne incbshice This became the cavee f shea flebon fn 1924. )"Rltical Giste: Ay sais, Gilliam @ left Germany ancl Seok sheHer in Hollarct andl this wen the end of mor echy in bony jeomany cane one ommond of infant pobeal agonicatien “Whoo Ripe” Ay inikal phare it raced “hoe coupe: ) De. Kepp-hied-to ovedhio.o Gort in 1920, chile leademcheff and bis aseple ler treed spect the shay in 3) Social Gists: Aothese Cireomstances f @conemic ancl political aiels, Germany ian alco 99 fh social crisis Ike uneng! ment, absence. fas end eter “ie bagert de leage tou clash behseen Geamnn G Zens, op Gormans accused Teo: being seaponsible fr che fact fq Gemouy in World eaBookthat promoteal commenalism in Sidialieio)— Anclian Mosalmar (by 6249-Honter) dlaclaration Belfoos in clecardbecl M14 clans Palestine is home lone of Tess Aésiling fe Germorg Bolfn leclavechn of 119 (brbree Balfrr —fore 90 eto ff Baitain) checloredl tat polctine in ackrol orn of hom a U8 @ Garten gove srorol soporte te elemend af re 60 jewas were. inclined ~bunccls US ¢ “Baran. This became “He. cause “for alfact f Germany in Qoiled Br F. 4. Pse of Acllf-Hftler —Aote biegeply — Meine Ay 1984, Hee jet 1 Netionol Seetal! Paks (hezipah) As inihiel phace, be and. bis mootter foiled provoke the peep. So in M23 they idl to ono go by force Hike oee coro and imprisoned, “hem 1926, Germany shorted showing the ag 4 pecovery bot if. failed! to face He blow ¢ economic.clpronion ff R24. An thie in 1920¢, Geemang waa pe In Ktonomie oicic. Alon: wth-this in ekecton ¢ 930, Naz ply woan isuccassfol 45 gg qr aombec of seat, bok none ofthe gelheal parker got mapaity , Gomang S0 Germany sofereal flor ecerermc land political ests hich ack ao a breading gor! for commnontinn Tite criater! flar tn copitaltct clom and tn this scenario, Hitler -fookAnti- Gamonist oland. Thee he won able to get support o cpitch cle elach merece! bi shegh ane! compelled! Heiclen to acca him on chanceloy in 1923. Doving jeelecttons, Richsteg chara increan:d his shugh > Pitted ' . 2... ~. 1 QO .4 ys wet TD tf 1 nD @ 4Srlesnal pelicies: WIN =) poliheal policir» “tillers «) cosa! tleconemic policien ” policies 2) Poliheal policies: completed Ferman wnif cation in 1934 3) ha abolished provincial tase in 1934 endlng teh df chabert Germany. 8) elimination of eppoaitan and pg ef Nex —Hifler in 134 ike elimination of appesiton and page pet prificatos of own rey fy conn all * onthe and aivals. #) end ff human and civil, nap: feed yh Hiller, hore anal civ loll ave not He raquitaments for irfant and Immehne nation. So he ended it ne: the end of jadetalatghh, fcocom ef expression ek ) Lconomic Palicien : 1) evolahon f synthetic an a sobetitte Pol cool, avbber ancl motor oak This broyght clone impork of Earrany.. Ww) erephanis ¢ Agearplans promote indostializaten ancl prodockon opty tthe production of arian andl ammanartion itt) eltmination of jou: Teeas wore he sichort como controlling Tod fe bosinees of Germang andl it seams thed Hflece wll ebminate fears ancl Year sfer there assets -b Germans Tie 1200he main Acanon trad German, supported! Her inthally. ve wan de6) Socal palicten: 3) edoecchon became victim f Nozi prepeganda. ) Srbefrence 19 perawal life «’ people bkeclron code fr gemann anc man women ware net alfowect to mre Pon gerenanh. ia) Lophaste on mapremaoy of grmon rece iternal policien: theta cearmanant of conforcnce of Gonm 33 4 Find Pere a left bagoe of rethona I~ + Left clisarmamerdt aS icersie f Greta 1983 : Hecercigg—b-Hillr, chuarrrament cosa the provision of Tris peace conference, HIT andl if evepeon nations would have been sincereto it, fuarment could have ctaelec! in 14 thelf . 2, Left leqve EF nctons (1934) On groonch thes + yoan a Papel agantschon bothecedl inderesh of Baiketn anal *tance. 3. Nlcldehecky of Versaibe: , As Hitler enidl, iteconen impose! teaty on Genus | ecause Qrmrclgeto wore vt exited in Poris Proce confernnce, IF. ; (dp Concep! Brel Kerem / Unoler “this i clog ~ iblee woondec! -fo extablich ereotar German by entng all the ance clamncdled by Gemons like Foloncl, Chetarlovabia and Pustwa . flicklen agenela uncles this wore create a wall behoeen West risia and Werlern Secpe: Tris wan te hen Germany a2 a economic power which cold hove helped hiv netsin poltial pacer. “Thee choy f third seth stacks ith congoet off Rhinelond. Lahr on Delifoes, svler ff auskia died and it wer incorporated into is “Then ha -wenad his adlention to Sock-enland, which olarmed £4 land and “hance. dn Monich confoaner of 1938, tlitlee promise to heave the poly df aggesten if hogan aliaced fo conhol sudelerlard: He vided hig promise ond cxerran erie cheledavaia 4, 193.9, he begt a band on poland which encled the ‘pottence f Baitain and Bartaid decloted waron Germany Tis cao tha bagi of seddises Go : (9430 . __ USA, wa Tepe Raifein aa emo dochine. Arana Neworderpo, + -foncism: (7 Fefoce : discussed 9. “Keapons 3. Andernal and oxctesnal -fecton “Recoonn: ecoromic:couses Read ie politica, lerisis Maossolini soctol causes Ezonomic causer: weonomicstrochre and it prekeiperedl Mbaly hada inworldacor-£ waithoot ar prof This led to polities! crisis. Blitrcal Gisis: Domocrasy ond kmsecate inotibotions wore stil not understood by Atelions chit! led to onstoble gr In ay Sociatcauses: / onempleynent, absence of bua and oider ek. Rise of Mussolini Sen of on uonsmith. vie shesleal a0 a heacher prpage ig socal ideas ommend peopl. Satay he eoor geet Staliys pathetpection in 9-E bot Hien wor oppered bean eppertont -for bie career, Ir oo entlay en, ep the opouphan expedition proved or Nepolean,4 AE rceeded in Hs calculetion oo Healy feiles! 4o have by grin fe cthe war. Sn -thie sconasio he tarmac! fesncied in 20 and! in eketons ff n22, he wer able to a goo! number soak. He obo get spp capitalist cles an he bes obreac'y eben err-commonicl elenal 12th all these rr inelocling the seppert “f Brean shirts, be reicad te slogan towards Rome. This Highs Amnanvel, polar of # Ay who excapted he an PM tn 22. Antesmal and Eeternal seferme: “Blitices! policies : 1 elimination of apposition encl Pr f Pocret pet 2. and ff civil ancl hemon + - : 3 heady of ledesvar (1924) by the above jo 1921, he soled clispole Gh “Pepe ond atete of Sel Vackean wan gen te. ehenomeus shh Social policies: 1 Edocettion became. victin of: frociem. 2 Respectable. pesition to ccomen but not equal sleds eo they ware derived edecational and voting nights. 2%. Durston of ecciehy tale vasious vars on basis ope groreond olohen of aver grr specified by ofele. Ei: au ha 1985 copoly fie gen ff ~cbon. Ezonomie policies; | Bait of coheed + prométtin-le prodection fed rina by enphevisin ro tel in eguicolhore. 2 Redochion in bean “bo na cbion expendihoe f eheke3. Taemeriun lo posse works Gna “levine inciosty in traig ened in Ibis “y he wan able to batn Solien concn. pl dod hicks axrbuck oMckeo gave the shaan af shig Maly, “Hood drbered inrb ‘clerknees withceonomie chpretuen fm29 horn 1980s Haby exon ence gin under Cconemic one! politcal hovbler ond Mueseliri bee! oxy one option to chet reine of pesplt end Hed cose "Dar Hh ove slogan f Old § f Bre" - ond cotth this stast: tha ogee prey of Mossolini Vachon were Albanis, Greece, Ethiopia in MBS This led to alliance behoeen Balin andl Rome which car biter on joined oy “blye oppo as a axis poo qgent alled powers in WodduaaS- +Blduce, + Piso § fll f Tip « China and Chinae aevolestion é ONO de % gol . ‘Keeanom. : 1. Red threat a 2. Dissatisfaction f. ‘clefoa tect pooers 3. hile ff league ff pastions a Ezevomie depression K4) ‘ Age secsive pafonalism 7” Ne#5™ S fazcisen.tnporteat events 1 Bldwor “Fanon | Pole of catellte lakes ' Disintepechen f USSR Reonens for cold esas: 1 Absence ef common gerd af fundlchp bh commonish F cepitals ? Yolle (lrima) and Peteclare (Resln) Conference 4S: Valle confieance an one to olccoss postucar Iseveo apecialy he issow din) + Here Stalin omanded - Geneon To upto Cer Qo for Bland which een aefosed by Churchill anc! Resevell. Leder on in Feteckenn conference (which son efiseel he & pacers agreed fy Joie opecation anaes Epon bot VS cP fBool neny Stabry cbeppecl ators bors b in Tepa0 This created -huct cleheit behoeen bath pouten onel this wse0 begin of coldione. 3 Verbal woe Sal commented hat Commynicen and! Gptliea can — never be fiends anol ialerrtion ish elminecle pee ism id crtlre world.” Cheschill iv recicrk fespondleo) “Sion cowctain har been been Iaiol dbo fom Ballic ty Achieke one! ere cles cies: #, choold. be denely foe consequenten4. Dollar Snpesialson : 12i#h and f coat onckr~ Sue man's cbctrine, US gave nancial help to greece ancl Tiskey Ret sir sscomdechion, “Tie Lenedl into Marshall pln of (447 with cbjectve 4 Lorepean Recover Faye, by Provileg —froncitl telp to europear, counbien.~This wxcin exkndeid enti orld ancl Resstancteawec it an Doles ienperichens Ty They conte : 7 vt withMaltova plan ie.-financial ascictance fo communict Counkrien. - bes Aesce and Milidery blocks: . 4 / with arms date o)-fer NES tre epoca alevelopment coon frmerton of railitiny blocks Ex: NATO — roup caplet coonbren ccbich come +o existence in fa? -f0 ht fer ght of peop USER ein ” with (areas pet of. (98S the group of conamunied comrien saith egencie, to fy t for cof fern pecple in woald- v ? 7 6 teepn poltag of Sllin: ‘Stalin Pry corwertecl Lanepeary coontea-y Commonict Coontriee- eu! Hergerg, Coekorkvalia+ Doslel History + jhe: Korea roel | Vien | T GQbea Acar querhion: (Zenken Qoastien clisewesedl) chreggle bln Russion & J orth nn ag Hh fog acter corpora ie — Rassia +Tepan /X “Y Jo fem EP 2 Asan esr nechons (Keveo, China eke) foreartem grrtion q OTS ee Kes Tepan Chive role chine Spe ilencs (Gmboclia (Adlonese, Vietnam Maleysia) Lact)1 Gokien bet fae ») Nedweloil ) Shedegieal importance of of Acnoureer nel (eopecialy russ) - “Sa pen ) “Preface 2) Rise f medein Tepan 3) Tepanese Senperia bem. 1. Minionom petiod on ¢ chansition com pre: Se: es 86H, fered f oe f Fipen (Wears) 1868-1894, modes parted in Asta. 1894.-Il0, rapasial power i in hia. cent anclichortert tie fame ff let world to rieclenn worl. a ireepice fz Lpan cin mroalests poisar: 4 16" corks Ewopean powers errkred inks Jepan botchete sole ff chrishan missionaries of comechig people, Lepan closed de clooe-far ovtsiole txorld and fom 16 “o' seconc! half of? cero, it wan In isolation. The only fink where tha chdeh behoeen pan oral colside world,“the tees changed wifi the activa! 6 “Commecteene Pag ( freer in 1053. He encie'edl the istinds ef Tepan andl US “d { compelled Japanese authorities to ign humiliating terms and conditions ee i i like + Eoby f woken hothos and dfficiels ink Tepen 2) Sxchra.cleevidovial aights in which worlerns not only aot immunity Jorn Tepanene coerls, thay also canbolled teele andl tewriff pole of Topan “This won tha tagiong of <0 bpagation ft Tepan and fiom I868-SF.Tepan cas enor conhol of ourken pecwss Tepenere ett the eokjeperhon ied “o-find oot the. reaoon-fer it ancl fr their objective thas, sent their infellectoals +o wortern counhriea b-find out the olf ference beloeen bath the cote Fog came oot with 3 perk: ‘ a) econemic ermpocorvent of coerlsrn sould che a modern principles f eapitaliem ancl incloshicliection. ») prance. of posers polrtical selop based! on ckmowahe pilorepby <) emphasis on homanism ond sationalism, an Jepan ope q anewers of th cleead, co Hare war the beionig of * Retomerhers In panGporlont steps io nedmatin of pan wxse: 1. Salf-libesalisalion and Mei roxtorarton: nique event uncles if wor.cleminions anc! Sanur! colechvely eurrendered power and privelegea to lng heaclng 4 und: of fesclabs ctf feuctabew ») dodtalegea ity Q) empoucarnett d enperor &f Tapa. 4 hone cireomstancen emperor ‘Motushito* wan placed! in Yoge’ with all authorition in hand (1868) and this wan clled Meiji restoration... 2. Self -emposerment : 2) conpolngy Py edocechon-for “¢ and gia in onglch thedivm with eraphasis on mo ») Epanese prepared he ic ne.s Constitolton in which the iemporlent conbibuthon san of ‘Prince He, he formed constitetion on Trossico model ive. a dhorgempete cith, len eduecton. 2 hoeses of aaprererriactinn: _D-Hovse of Peers (intellectoals sopectve elds) i) Abuse of xprebortahven. 3 Economic development: emghavized on Infoshuchre and incbshialization, formation ff ecbrnal asrny — cohtch wa cite on soul apeelty tan also present 1) Zeoan. Gp this eauy in 26,years (1665-4a) , Japan wan -Gponere Aenpe Fj iP Ae eamedern, pacer, Tapen 1209 1019 jn nee! fc age é J. (40.0 meclessl) and for lis Ht ha lo entee into mainbnd gf Kees wan connectng link behaeen Taper enc! Asia oliving is Aime. Keren theovetealy tan onrler conkel of China bot prostically an avtonemeus dade. th China won itself in chooble , so ena ow foci ecioceconemial enakbiliy foe serasic Teper ‘heel fo political andl economic refers in Kowa, heacling fo 18 ino TAPAM ESC coe of (644-95; in which china wen defected ancl ‘a “heey f eShimoneeki - 1895", China accarteal the sopemoey 4 of Tepes on Mone. Beaty of Shimonosti toap & pain for Besta becaupe Pccia ween clear thed aising Tipan, after having idk bane in Koa, caootd move -foxwcards Manchuta, which wanthe reservoir of coal anc Son, —this alt behoean Lossia ancl Teper became the cavse of happinen ea Builcin an Epo eppesreel + be a stor oly of Rassia- This bad “ Bartsh- Tepanene Mliance of 1902" This clvated! the statis of Tepan ane! in erdhusicem hey clefeclea! Rasilo in 0S: 0.5 iromecheel, eh by” “Techy f “Racks mouth” enced al holed og hems wl conditions to a7 ore! re @qual cheahsshe Taz Fapan. otis backpcond te oaupied Kea in Alo. a e917 102 os lo al clolechd — frerdef ——defeerled! oxeupiee Ching Bahan Rossia ren.Ai coms thod the bia acheiveseos of pn in soch x short “spon f hime clishibed -tha acfhoae of Ti parose oy oo bixth +0 clit Ip Svrope economic Cleprssion —Hiller & Mossolint[9800 wor-fscerable lime Ly “Fepan becawse of 2rcorona. 1) economic alepres sin of 24 i) aise of Hitler ered Moesolini in Evrope. Sn soch cirasmstencer in Fal, Wepan ecceptedd “Manchuria” and it emphanizea on “2h point Pragrormne’ in hte TBapon demanded thed China should be under crite prokeeton of Span Tis car against te open cleor poliey 4 China and US. “Thi fred! the «ift into choke . dy 27, TEpan abelored war on China leading 4p SiNd-TAPANES? wan-h. 4ythe frst move sepan occupied eerie ecrrtern China. 4a B40 Ls-bok 2 oteps 4o conkel Fapan. ) ban expect seus ion andl cil fo Jepon. i). OS freezedd all [faprese account jn OS. ~The answer 4 this by TBpan war “Real -thvbow bonbeg" f 194). This led to the. ety f os and Figen ink ODS Fp cheng then chase casse cae oo th shoo 20 plone 1. Aisrch Monro clec brine (Ata-fe an/ans) 2. New Deal.4 { . L “rr Under tista> Moncclectrine , Epon wanted +o aliminede all : ~freign powars 19 Aric and ertadlich naten (ia 0 counhicnd. Asta. New order meant economic empowerment a cwatiog self sof haere in ners onckr gatdlance of Teper. 4, fest round Fippese were esoccassfol. in ovenoming che entire cent Asia but thas “he axis powes fe. Gerero Sly 9 werenct ina position fo compede. with the old leaders dnd heel noma inhecont tseakréaser So axis pow sore clefected —Hiller commitfedt colcide ; Mosselini wo shot cleat nd Fepan won perished froshima ar coaki. Bod ac Tepan ha overrog cant asta, the heal 58 enork], powers wondo mainhin balance. £. power 9 this areasarel In this. procen free} victin wad Koa _ —t——4 (ose) Noch Korea Seotts borin (ase) Keica - Afler i108, Korea won divided on se parallel In hich brth Keren came onder conkrol osskand Sheth Kerea onckr USA. Bacththe. partes ckeided fo poleot Fépanere fencer and provide stability cotth the ain ff o ar izh election in Kereo. 4 F4% the-2 powers ‘moved! out Koreas ving charge ho kim MW horg" in Noth Korea ond "Syn Alamo ‘im Seth Koren. Jo FSD, Nur Keres attacked South Korea and this: exon beptonicg of inkrnal crisis ty Kore. 4 seems Hed USSR ewan compehensive thot EK cea enrcler ipod f eptelison andicold bulp USA. This again croclec! sitsater ef war in K53. bot UN inlervened- Sf algo ckclared that Knee eon! ka woop ft. ct Pet. 2 he aoe I eewe if p>) 20iy + Weald they : Ojhe 2. Vielnam : Vietnam bene 20, —» colory of thane . arch uera uprooted by Topanere in 024, 191th defeat of “Tpan, ence tied 4y va ifs vr cwhich kad -& -fermecten off i bd by -th- chine which gave resistance to anc [1946-St). As hance wan alan exhaunded by a-E , Ao if kft i chim on vielam onc fo ol ache coith Genova Converrhon-I9S . “tha surercler of slainns by thence. tnd Vicham. UX bool the ineet im charm kading to clncsssion of anc on 19% pele. Nocth Vielnom cnelee conbral of ‘Dorm Deimh ancl Saif Vielnan en coobolledt y Hlo-chinrninh He Labivéel i comments and throggh land xafon On-tha ether cio’, Dom Dein wan cathalithie, his misrole woocause of -lensimrbe peep @ and US was worried abeud Ha cbominance of comment in Vila. Al clecicled -b inlerface in abloics of Viekam which lect 40 qromalin of Uberalisaton of Natrinal Liberalizechon ont” hich opel 2d worlel ‘porsers, that the coalhon, gt fn Neth and Sewth shoold be ‘hove enlaeng on exelfene of peopk ‘row economic reforms ev the sab was fr resiton ce agains! ong power teh ik, Grille epaneatin Veto” The wertel slides off Vidhameszand <-pesenl of Amerie. and their roppective. pal cen fale Le Comhol vio tae Ex: Kennedy came oot «ith safe vlogs pig cheek fled because mast of the Gorter were ‘fom 2o10] commonity.“Teheson oplact fre miblegs acon evi llactnced cape inlcling chemical Despont. Neen odepted pole 6] Wiclnamizahon, ta. ‘Necker apai natives but wo» -iledl -b ackdue the sobment cf Viehamere Anpite of yb trie of 6B, US feel manscsnrecl an ante ville, Vielvomere. ae bsee! 0 sewender. io in RH. O8 ccont for truce with Vielnora and ta 1943, Vielnoin wx an taclepenclerr} nation. —— Gba: 9) 1898 » coba-spain -US 4) Rou] Geko 3) coba, wissile crits (1961)+» Asoc! agopt (Ocsephagus of Excpe) —» Scexcanal Rap! (aplape dE) | Ais. —-)Savdifaba ———*e) yaa. ° 847 —" 1417 — Ballo okelaration (919 — palerhine becomes mandate f Baikuin. » dh nia, polactine became manckle of Rutan andar Brthinhar officially accepted Palertine an homeknd of Teor So-this led-fo-the inflow of Tears ir Palestine. The mevement of Taos y momankin abe lo Bevashn of Fase. m ferent part f Srope expecially cloting oe of Adolf tiller in Germany. Sy AYR the pepulalion paktog Aecled enc Tess easel ercotiog clominance fuss. tn axh etcomstancer, in HAS Doria Gorton cbclreed the Indleponclont clades of. Garael, eohich r Bueplane 4, iy ON. Tis leael to beginning of Auicel- Palestine protlem in eahich inkruders Gt ichetly fret hike ~the rattve Arabs bocame identizy len, 2 Buth f 4rsaes a0 Teo skate bacame -lenetan fe Aab woeld , hich Incloalec! Sige Soot Arabia, Grre ete. hore ab nahorn ences ‘the leaduuship of ‘Celbnel Nessor of & gh oniled and sherled givig renistance +> deael. This belt Ihe wcas of 1148 in chich Apal> could wean clefeodecl anol in (956 if created “he evtcome of Suez candl.According ~le. Weaty of Salar lingple, Ige¢ , Sez canal wer excepted a ao Segpran Tertions and evenve fem canal ic used & 4 fr developmen lol papeser, Uke conchoclicn of Qucon Din o ble, 4, 56, Baitin and os ended -frnererad copped to figr' ond Nlscser adopted eleps of nationalization f Siez canal 4 196% log G clay war, Arab nations’ were again cleeated by treael ond Ssraei cecupie important arean of toh coonhrie: like : a. Sinai cleseet and Gaza Hp Fpl: & Woot Bank - Zeralen & Geln height fon Spr. . There. area toate used an bef fur zones 4 Sree] inst ik onemien and Sraeh lertine problem Anned into Aab-Sael \\) veblern « ~ \ ee Anipile fol rappers end chncontons he ‘Oslo’ of Grp Quid, Wed ee ancl Aiael- are stil burning npoh of scold poles. 1) Genton- Baitich bane -dotch bone ‘ Chinese neglected Exopean tyaclers : ) demanded! only ser fer exchange of chinene ge ty chow) 9 Apkoduchon of opives2radk tn China. Chinese “fom “yf beg neptclecl Exepecin andl ody silver In exchenye of “theiv Commodhes. Tis can chellege fe Eaxopean companies and to cork-this custe-he ehtaene a Evrepaans stoled Opiom race: in China. This crested! social and cotkxal troubles in Chita and in tae- bepion' ing of Kh the chinese qr bok aloes to ii v rl conkrel and overcome. ophn track. Ex: th 1800 opio-hack - cleelarad ilegal 4h 1831 ~ Lin ctinece mit‘lew fi woralpeied-fo | confiscede, optern Conliners Otte lef fo “wesropiom OAR. ef 1840, tr echich Grina econ cle fea fecl. demanded“olecing the cefaat chinene ate pled fev Birong contents, Etropeans: D Hook Kang wan given 41 Britain D5 ports wore opened fr Exopean haders. 2) China agreed -fr conprosodion to Exropeon conker. ¢ : . Exxepeons case notsctified with consagsonces of Pepion war oviel they wcnrbeel sre and hic ledto next wor will China and for that Ba @ she lesve with 2inciclerds. D Killer f a Chench missionar, * 3) Areoll of Brikish - Yy Chinese fees. ~TRtéad “to ceconcl OPIOM wor in eahich freed ancl by “Feaky of Fema ~ 1858", Levepaann a Aelitecon: -forchines. : cee ll ports wore epee! foe Bropaan coontrien- Exeopean Afcers and traders were. wakomed in China, Europeans abe grt oh chereshial atghts ta Chine. China once. again aed for compensation + Erropeon coun Mia. (ith there Chie wars “Tei Bekellion” in ad half of the 1 cero exposed the w2oaknen of nese govh revolt coon led by -fivan=-Hsih - Choon, a protestant by -faith who wanted! +46 elicot ‘idelrbag ane! note eorship tn China, he rebels «ocra soccessfol In conholig Nektog, the pores cenkre f Ching fe tl] ans e China won enee againBivens ye help of British fat Chinese were success fol inewsshing / nt owll, Therefore option wars onl “Tipag sevalohen expect weaknon df ana which kad Jo such of Exopoon ccumbie. In developing these “apherss of infence in China’. 4o sécond half rreenkg china wan eonkolled by oliffecant eumpean posers ancl tere oan all poscibithy of grt of Chino. inks clffrank reckons lke Byihthh Chine, Toleh Cina ck. Bot then in 20” certony Chine appears 60 toegrere one! ned nin becavce of 2 tnporlond clevelopments 0) Borer Oprisi (1994-1700) Secret secie- f eb fi hters hich wore agate onefting foc ib in Chinas Ths Jedd to ently ef Excpeann 10 br ») Open clooe poley fos = 18995 Us appenlecd “to. Exopeans in Qhina sb cpen their clove fee chade andidommerc: for Pemseker heading +b econontc inopratiea enol “tre sheeting political ilegahen of redion. «Reba ef China Exploitation leads to walang andl in their the mmperlant clevelop mnt of Ching tean * Ching movement ” whch emphaoized! on adminishachon cot chaos 9 Pole sot j sealy ele. Keg Ho-Tee 60 a yxominen! possonal of this movement coho emphasized! on aredeen eabarchon and political cekp ile t ako edt “Ihe. Meakrn Saint of Chire” (th changer in Semone soci and colkye he ground wey clesrod foe proletrcal evolotion in Gains.Prolyt - kevolurion ¢ ( a> 194g, ( did ff Manche dfypany (it), echon the bd wer Lette “theone in frucw of rotenal assem j Nedonal assombly titel Dr SamyetSen a abe te choge f ras get ond be. became te Geel prnieant of Chisum rope. “fe is called! “Hathee of Meclem Cire” becavsa he it & principles | wobich act ao cowlitotion fx China. ' + Nettonaliem ie nechon i: above race, aeligion ard aegion. | 2. ey - Govk. Bac hiening on caich Foot. ' 3. lvelhéo cf people enshriecl 03 erp ond she en chine ec once. Albeo! porcacs ea 2d Seoppecd fthira hr tows noth ve acceptance, “b epic Chine end che. ta Great enhibohon Dhinere 19 IHS. chinere. cla wore Invik 40 Bric Roce. Grforeince and China coor ver merechp ff ‘league f Neckons. “thom 120, china appoorecl hs be the Lucile of fu and ifs feionds. gqatmt Recsian commesnism ancl TEpanve gsarcrniva. “a tn, oibinspbens CooLecoieg of Fe enentern poset gre pe! poor fo Ona arel crctel all hailey chon of Cha. Th cnn he, buch: of Modken Chisa. at 2° aes .© Nowe loool oho freee! chellerger fom alltel, SS SS SS dnclia: ge China (721 1 Yeodalisne be Tochens 2+ Aearaceive rotons >. Ae w Chiec, Pal.) w 8+ Cmmoniet =p gy 3+ Gmavant oprainedd Dt : 2 4- Bk. mat Nonkis opined Dina - 1962 JOS" ) bi df lgero fregrn 4 Fe pin Fis oor (orth the bith ef both cookies Gigend eo prpored fe rise of communicmr and communion suceedacl i China bol foiled 10 Andis becauc3e Chinere commonich get eframic header Moo-Zecd: g who started a march aleng’ Suton China lil Nertecn Qina and vse able fo q Seppe WY carrie clus tre. hbonece ancl -furvers Si-thic.xonacio chen, world poizers cooea, still mole in Serr becal tecves Ike loves arcl Vietnam, Moo Zding succeeded (0° replcg Natenal Goel-of Chetny- lo Shark oned tit seis “ha bret f peopl Qpatoe of China /ekiners lagen.: Dreintegecton of usse 2) Rele f. Slain —» Commontem curse A) Meocowo - Wconomre Cricis lama of FA) | 1 )Gkusnat & Recstorita hi Lonomeatal ia fal asiacl commoniin en new avtocrat-in Qoesta. Staltn, coming -to power, declared hat ha works te coverthe. peat loopeors cleselopment of Cape ; in logeors fr eohrch follouor spe wea -fakent ac op bd broly a aed # Cth onal ms sate brelleo labeerers . abo adeplec! ‘poh atoge % ; elminecion of epponition taconly ) Leonomrc hisia . d “+ alefln of ton a Glass mort and Pererheiler ty) | Ctberalaaten db) Mascaro dram of Fal. /a Andie of tes independence + Ophea: Architecture rc ginicilcsoaaninondt Economtcstabss Messoge-to counkin ismscestvale ebony ' Sr Mos92 Hbrds Tombs Garckas Io ' ' ama Masyicl Sinifork — Hernaysn tomb Mert Manjid “Rsana Gila — Akanclas (Boctlistshyk) Red-fot — Gasaxam (Shorshah Soi) “Tgj Mahal glee? y Kemah, ton Ythapmilhon ~ Doreceagepte Fiteks ple , 7 Arthananke nO Reena ° Ravan Soke “od Mababhesal Open b> Smnxifis Vader La Nitisara—Karanclak ved “Shchroms- Mohernmed GPsf gical Aeon ' Transliton wits Cadshaoarm Salyer Ls 0 phy borg oul ? dort Toth | facatls Tock+ Nehawian ke : Chelle infer! f Maho: 4 Ondy Dueesiy 2 Roblms of Sadia yo) ND ttenal Grrmocalicm Aggeonive —Poancial PPh ‘Neighbors crisis 2. Different inkerart croups having various expectechon f naan born nation Lf Lt 1 Copilelist Mickle labow former ' ‘ ‘ é ( ( ‘ { { ( j — | Leonemnte seforms Bilealehens” og pobig Ms: » Problen f fheal brgonge | Arlegeetion f prvedy aks Tribal eonsoliclaction NAM Ahdo-Ching woe, 1962 ‘oganicrhon of ctedes 86.« Bhoodhan movement QO Cc 2 I | Reonons, eater PReavona: Y@rmebment we | Copied as . ; caer Seat atahonpall Dlimitehom ooo ‘ ® 3) Communist pig Sey revolution cena shuag e Ly feodoliain and capitaliens “Faber ace oxlea prococe ao Aedocrtion ir purchasing per L baal fr rarion § commonman f30p sao awobening of Souler class” in tock, pesity bean of 2 mportaot incienk off Reasizn sesolien, VF and conbibhon of pevolokonortes of cccond phone lie Bhagat cing, daacl ot. 4 seem + get soppod of saunter class, congers 1229 abo Wed focardspocialiom ancl in Aupect Karachi session of 1931 hasan impetant pace. ty ce seston -for the fest dmne, congress. come oof with Nectonal Bonomi pope in hichthay promceel arghts to the labear pam orders in hindi TRE saw fre! seacton -fom south tia when C Rejgopals cheng caid *Peog hich is Pega do nerth drcha, Hind 1 00 tn. Soot Arch” “TAT 19600. tenaton woes aheady Prong in non-thind belhs ond, in thie He hoo cleucloprment of 19601 worsened condition in sooth Snelia. + official bnguage acl of 1963. obechrecl Hod inch my, cope Eglnh in AGS" 2 offfetal langage ael of ES eleting Lol hook Shaki, Hindi an econ brgvage in OPSCinda compoliny Paper in civiberuices , ) weer anattack on inkrerk of aclvcated meblechnd? scoth Ancha. Maho became issue fer se, ronal pasties to aavive thuiv political careor. 4 DMK raised logan of Never Hrd Lor Espbah” This stalecl clash Yl, sticen' and eed onions jin TN leadiy Jo mo. & comaliter. SHscchon e000 conkelled! nde. Gandhi. later OA 1964 olecbeal hed tindh eil be accopteel an offal lan woken if il ba occupa! by ram-hiad: builds peccaly cout Juda.rafs aon, —+ thdoalles indepancknee : dyho- a4 ; a onagosh: rc Mahobot khan “Rovireialgov). in Gomi ( foralgovt.) & Shpmalden Garidhi Afler indepenclonce Eoagath bacl Dgovh. i) Gout. of lecslvler, Mababed khan 4) provincral get in Bombay wneler Somalder Gareth As both garts clained'-10 be Aeprorcnlatve of the people, eo-this become the cour of plercide f Tenaga. ty 68, 26 te Aeaslt went with Andha, no Binaga rh esa0 ine ted 12it tholan orion. : Aiydecbact: Oaman Ali coon hows concemed oith only 3 “ings fe. Pel jonsongh 1220 -heonedl swith objective $y prom fe and Nizam pol oban on-this ani tection , wealh, boon and alin hege Cotwol movement like Vanclemetaram movement a0 chadels Loco! anger of Noob, ;Seppession of “ttychacbad sale vo ehich onde he leacerehy Ramanand “Tat whe war chereilig secpontible et in fp: Genmeniet optilag- caps in “Rhppene segton. WE people fyeabec ante om sepprerive meanvtes of Usman Ab ancl Usmen instead F clang He people fied moving in Poth ff Nohro, 4: Parchaheal 2x0 Carn nb pig of. neha Bastin comren ff s7 or kh ceerhfention to Germany ond | Belrradle conlvonce et plaid some lunl = ¢ v t ¢ { Subcol fren | Sreba ancl China woese. botn a}-hme ond emerging nections to Aca. AI seems Fred Criooe leackeshyp won lear Wat oll the chp of Pachaheel, NAM ak. wera mown ff Nehiw-e proce peaceh -Ardio,.s0 thal gabe chyelopment can have greet momento al pace conference 41961, edith 1300 fret commit ff. NADY wa atHendle! 4 Astin Abpean G South American irks. Hete rnd world perkons acccoled! leadkaship ff Nebo cod take ris sie sted fhe became: qarat caune concern fe chirene. and attack of 1962 woo banically mofivelact-t. big dovory eceriomie ond poliheal ldo of 4rdio. “Thin emo eid by erfalewned d. Mae Zig, phon he said, we have no hrorgee of derribovten bot mofive 1s 40 bay chon amogance f Nehvo ond Aacs.Anchan sobcorbnend hol no. of tibal bols in il, cabich esere oleae important on. geonem é Moye -b Avangazeb, dadlan so bev fellaceal poling ff oe. inkurfarance-arel tribal asean cera q” rhnany by cerder. (Oth baginnin f Biko sole, British gouk fox Thein ezonemic and polihea! inteasts shesied imerfering én Priel aconony and plicable ts cfloxng ff ibeln in Aheda Ts ll r0.6f newolls'In Tribal pesied like Gantial aevell, Mentha! sevall ek. frclponcket gr of helio ender Nehew won bothered abet cencthon f -hibals in Independent Soha, in Ans soa, fare aera hoo opens repose -bibols: 1) indegaation af daibabs in rain shear aie hic 1000 aejectedl om roca Thal it eaill leact to. lsc of ead tibal cofhre. i) Jo leave hibal on dhad -ferle and i wan abe Ajedeo y Nebaw as he ail thed if eaill be conkibohn ef ribs nel hypl “Tharefore he came ast csithconcept of self enpoccement facigh self’ conbib.rhon, 2) tribal element haoggh hia) ens. groondhs hem chandlagupl tnfstice No evrcebniishation — D)esonomic onpossetment conplh ah lend phot 0 pron hon f ia ogeeConcegh f Neha icpied Beckr consol, beh mack colin provisions for qe and ebvelopmand f duibal commit. 1) Aiceg6 ~ for prolechernd pronation f tubal commen. polector fom bjstce and explitohon } i) Schedok 5 giver spl poses to prenidend. ‘ “AE EIes pon ap pare Gein Mellel trl i) Reronetion to hibah anc! Tribal Advuory beard b- mole Aecommenclation fo get footie Lo Fmt repoateg hibal bookies. Goncagh f othe pecan on ical coxph bok abconte fainter: erro Aibly onlin one sing tplorankehe pai plage bgt halen inpronmant ff conditions. of ibals in ola, Decetert ff cxpprestin snc! explertoton ch parent and bet crichnce, f’-thin ts aed consider In acaben aco.No lg Movament: SS a a = Receemn Path of NAMI Obiechvey Svolortion = Reasons: 8) Neo-Imoertatiam cl)aole of imp. bd) inspisation om €6C ue J r . Gevepeon Ezsnom'e Commission) peteona lites q Sef ceperdney Sp IGS; worlel coor olvided inte 2 blocs; Commonind block and Capit alit blek unde usse ard Us sexp. Both seperposoats cath their aenpectwe philonophiee woeke trying -fo attract neo ban nation f Aso, Africa, South Amostea ele ty such circumstances movement -fowwatda oy Yoo: ment end of independence and begin of Neo- impestaton. ) Wtherd af 008 called poosrs le Bath coe hone bankropl. OS provichel #440 millon ho Butfatn fo matatein tke sosinal and then onder fremans Policy and marshall plao, US stetheeh wry econome assisterca fo european nations. 41 coar cleat Bailain and its alles in Levope, alliance and Adliance om OS will Arn 2eropean covnhien tre colonies f 08. Thin kdb bist of LEC & FGF, in hich inibeche saan foea by Baitain, taco, Helland ete. Objective toon manage economic and politcal offoins f memboe nations, Tia acheel an napinartion -h Akh and fred could ccxonbion who wera abe chetg eco, pial eriNew boen Ahiccioorld covrtaion wore abo clear frat nell’ hp «ooo imporkand for indepenchnce Pusiderd Sokaine of trdererio, Genial Nome of i Marshall Tio of Exqaolvia ond New ove considered! axchileck of NAM trie eons oflet geting tnkperlna feed Bacal of eperpasacr. | & Yeeolo feed reat

Evalvarton: After dd of coldccs, critics of NAM emphastzacd ther ax NOM came. into existence’ in aeacton b cold cae, itty end of ‘cold won, hia has lost is impertence and selvance. “Ths is a caperficial orolysi of NOM @ if won not only bom-to handle cold ar. Ms banic obiectven aavole arourel challages of “this world and-H) world acer chaheege, caletanry of “he agai exe. “Baly bagart rast lo eed in estou ond «ional Issuer which can opm te banclbel fons platforn of WAM 4 woalel connorLal Bohacs Sheshh': Lol ———_-ii oss" Fai Foe, ~Tashkeod agreenant ai Kinan y 77 (962 Indiana a) ateatien (ey Nehrockatt, MS ccocnsts _ B Sparation Gibralh- Teshhent ———J 8 pation Ges Viet a e } ; indepandence . ", Kashmia ond octiop: re ey 4 fener t kasd! ah kent 4 ; ; allem st seston hrebspat ine 8 # promotion to Tee, _—— Aacha Ganchi: 4. “Panjab Gisis. 2 Bammordlism inSrdla 3. T-P+Movemant § Croangeney - . ¢ Soopak wor, ff NA & dependence f Goatees “Panjab Crisis“Reapons ad economiz U5u0? ! { d) i 4) poltikalerisis ANOS: Jasccial cseoen a Hey of Pappheris's shal with pacer f dade. Maslin migrarrks kft 1.6m hectares of lend in nolan Fajch, while Sikh miyaok coming Lom Rik left 8.6m hechaves in Pek. Rehabiliaten of | * ile seks became chalenge fr Nchas Goud. aval he appointee! akh ~ ts effeorTatblingh oo inchwge f habilchon ckparhoort. te eetbliched brs headguacte in Talandar ond coma out with concep! of Graded ext and Glandagd Acie. Urcle this conc ir ept ony Poy in Royal har to hove apecifelamoont f ld an per the potameders fred by Gor. Penjab af this-time wea clomirated by Hinds bnalleids. SoAhis won attack +p their interook anol thie lee 4p -Hinds- Sikh Commicnaleam bixth tm Ande 9 4.1990, Akal dal uao-fomed and ebjectue of tye ong on pllel aaloning ond prtheadion df Githism enc! Sikh common an nail by mates. Taka Staghs one f He imp. hacer of Akatdel. Ahapile ff Hs erphanis on sein cr po lee, sel of as! quercl eeehen eon a step back te pol ambien of ckeli. Their stepa fo sagen poder in purjah hecame couse af -kasion inp<) Social heevsin te Hhnels Aeomisnalin G Sikh cleckeaden —tlnds-Sikh ‘comnenalizm had already sheted ancl nereaned on bine of porjeti lecwwege: Along eith -thia Green aevolstion oleo Lemme cavee of Jension in Ponjab: 3) if coo profitable for sch-Bemers be} bacame coose Ps © _frostiction fer aged Permers. if improved raareal ond edvectonal feilitien becouse of Atea i levals "prospec Sol Goud. Peilecl lo provide Semplaymrent lo edecatecd Rin che fe sachen f homes § orarplagecl qm In Aceial Buen in 190A. a) Dhowmyidh mokshe : allranice bin Akali dal anc! Sant mal Segh Bhinclerwoala fo Aibt opts neo explilers of Royeh oid Rgalis te Anclian go” and coger,uchuae: os c & Alc il led maintain ifs power in Rujiab of he fest era of 1951 aH aol FF seak ov: of 196 in che loguskrkno @. Akali ofler their failure took op the, iscve of seomgonizechon ff lak on bngurche state. By cbmaneded tral Ponjab ba separate hale saith ponjabi ta Girona sesigl an ete bap. “Thin econ opposed! SRE in S307 groond -thal seperated terclencies clevelopment omeng Penjabis. Aer the seperd come cut, Malt Alatled irvctigas pplin “haga. Cog ass Fame eg arched aise stebsc f Alida, colablchel sqprak te of Pejobin 1966 on requiste lino eetth “Porjab and tay ana how ta Gnocgeh on common. copital. 3. Akelis oof may of “tis issuer andl were abe —feom m gent in 1964 in Biph. Als Abel rel goo in 1967, hey became pail af intemal sheoole ancl on bic ground, al qe coon clinsohed in 1967 ard 69. ‘Political tnalebl ly became the. pain ty people and ingenera'electios € IV, aigttss bovaced back-te power anc! political ambitions of Akali lal once a cekpon ey at! seat ol 18 in LS-elechoo and lyseah cot of 17 in ‘shake bane in got 4. Arthese circomstancen, Mel cal came out with a granal pho bh end fear of cenke and copes ever, Gianel pln wan Anenelpur Sehib Resdlotion ff 13—Anandpes Sahib Roolotion, 1973 r— OT Crbndlgaitto Feel feckratin. tne poperkon cf Peja fs have be capil ef 2. Grater f sikh in ar complete con brel ow. Reaja Glee Pik there [forameonal (for ahotelaaders; (fy middleches) (fc Bemece) clemand of Ponjobss) 4d! ware read alep of Alain end their biggeat challenge wan take his ierclohion “fo masces in Rinjab. “tere Sart Tanal Aingh Bhindericala boce merhegat of PerAkalin, coho cona Bata Ramoky af Panjab . ; Chinderwale Tous 2 litrea(blacki LT ; Ygagu Palrhealblackmorn) Sith Vinkefrence np ? coan inihiolly an oxretor, who —b ppl to move ln pats fain, t2rtin short span of time che-ts hi pessonalpolicen Rhea f” pe in Rogab. his athacted pol partes & pol. laachre -fowards Chindlencala. A hic heart sen clevolec! to Sikhism ancl Royb, he fray ssiokd coith Akali. Afor! hon sel: heching, he. imcbed polities. Tnportent steps were: 9) Opposed Ark 25%an gros nel Trad Stem tz no pest Andi i ii) Sleeled establishing aoval cooh in Panjab fo solve lncalctipestey' formed clcrpsay roth to allence sith Abel ' ‘b 5 Govl. wen fale aboot clave lope ents in Tnjab ancl in -thin bei in (980, i chssobed slte govt Wis led-b rect seachon by okadenk f Sth feciorerhon, chan ther entered int geldn empl, hois tea! fhe 4 Kalictan and declatod Tea Sghlvar in Sle) an Paspiclerd ff Parjob aapblic his wooo -folleweel bs no. ff incident loke foonahion of Shbiel —Fhatlan which led io kcilling eg! Meaayen, edb of Rnjab Kesri, Niucokasi Baba and fnally AS.ebool AG of Ponjob n 1983, Ti eoan the end pahnce of Anchan Govl. Bhinclensale -baking chelkr hr Abal Tagt fron 1212 nofosecl +b reget ith Letuntllt mite lat assert wos. Operation bloc stes, Bad Wine 1984. Alhough it w000 a bed stand by° Iachan bot “hon Operation Boe star won in interast Anclan Pelerachon Doc meckrater hove alreacly lost groerel in Rajah ancl exhemism han oresced all ite lanik Hig civitans aid! reproserrbatives 4 Goul. Heppeanel-b be a bo thal fr Selon Lebeabon ond any ype fei Gor. would have Craled fay erie fe nag 0+ Commonaligm! Accerding 2 canmunalcsm, intel of a person chpends on hy face align, hich con be tf by ppl of sama sac 04 seb. Fes 9 a pscvdo concen. Ex: Vetanasi Alan sovall f IEF, ponae charged fees com pery Ke crown bol phlnphy ff suppression anel exploitation cart) mainhined. 4 cans elect -h biitish govt tad tt wouttet be pescible -fv tham -b conbre! Aelia isiththis philarep! in backround! of Hinde, Mualim nity Therefre Commenalem after 18°F 901 promoton oth bag “stedle, ancl Brith Poleied policy of feos ard eppesenerdon Ge ea lf book “rl Maalnan", 1870 12.0 clr ‘ tired vicbn Pin policy of harard appecenant ss eel Ahmed! Kham. Me oan wasted! aboot the conden of munlon, Lo heclecicled be coal fr oplifrnand f ta conmenity by px mmookeneceatin Tis kel bo bith Arlo. Motammiden Osivrlal Gallege in kin peck . Aisacms tat or Ss Saad sehed isith epplh, # enncsjach esthoubt declan in Heghicommoviity ane in aeacton ‘they bok O shes: 9) declted vials an y Lngeose %) begining f ant cava a9 her movement in which munlin Aettlemenk were only -brae Heal 5 “Fis exo beg nig ff sill bly Hacer §bben & re Py