B GIO DC V O TO

TRNG I HC DN LP HI PHNG
---------o0o---------

NGHIN CU MNG CM BIN KHNG DY WSN V

NHNG C IM LP VT L

N TT NGHIP I HC H CHNH QUY

NGNH CNG NGH THNG TIN

Sinh vin thc hin:

inh Tun Hng

Gio vin hng dn:

PGS.TS.Vng o Vy

M s sinh vin:

111365

LI CM N

Cm n cc thy c gio trng i hc Dn lp Hi Phng, dy d

chng em trong nhiu nm qua. Cm n thy Trn Hu Ngh cho em mt mi
trng cho chng em c c hi hc c nhng kin thc b ch c th tr
thnh mt cng dn c ch cho x hi. Xin chn thnh cm n thy c b mn Tin
hc truyn t kin thc v cng ngh thng tin, mt mn hc b ch, l hnh
trang vng chc em t tin trong cng vic sau ny.
Cm n thy PGS.TS.Vng a Vy, trng i hc cng ngh - i hc
quc gia H Ni gip em trong qu trnh vit n cng nh qu trnh hc
tp trn gh nh trng. em c th em kin thc mnh hc c trn gh nh
trng p dung vo thc tin em c th nhn thy mnh trang b c nhng
g cn thiu nhng g trong hnh trang ca mnh.
Cm n gia nh v ngi thn, tn tnh gip , chu cp ti chnh, ng
vin em trong sut thi gian hc tp ti trng.
Xin cm n cc bn b trong lp v cc bn trong khoa cng nh sinh vin
c trng gip ti trong thi gian hc tp cng nh trong thi gian lm thc
tp tt nghip.

Hi Phng, thng 7 nm 2011.

Sinh vin

inh Tun Hng

MC LC

MC LC ..................................................................................................................3
DANH MC HNH V ............................................................................................5
M U ....................................................................................................................6
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V MNG KHNG DY ......................................7
1. 1 Gii thiu v mng cm khng dy ................................................................7

1.1.1 Cc ch tiu ca mng khng dy ................................................. 7

1.1.2 Cc yu cu ca nt mng: ........................................................... 9
1.1.3 Nn tng vi cm ng ................................................................... 11
1.1.4 Kin trc WSN v giao thc Stack ............................................. 14
1.2 Cc yu t nh hng n WSN ....................................................................17

1.2.1 Hn ch v phn cng ................................................................. 17

1.2.2 Kh nng chu li ........................................................................ 19
1.2.3 Kh nng m rng ....................................................................... 20
1.2.4 Chi ph sn xut........................................................................... 20
1.2.5 Cu trc mng WSN ................................................................... 20
1.2.6 Phng tin truyn ...................................................................... 21
1.2.7 Nng lng tiu th..................................................................... 22
1.3 ng dng ca WSN.........................................................................................28

1.3.1 ng dng v qun i .................................................................. 29

1.3.2 ng dng v mi trng .............................................................. 29
1.3.3 ng dng v y t .......................................................................... 29
1.3.4 ng dng v nh .......................................................................... 30
1.3.5 ng dng v cng nghip ............................................................ 30
CHNG 2: LP VT L ...................................................................................31

2.1 Cng ngh tn vt l ............................................................................31

2.1.1 RF....................................................................................... 31
2.1.2 K thut khc ..................................................................... 32
2.2 Tng quan truyn thng khng dy RF .............................................34
2.3 M knh ................................................................................................36
2.4 Cch iu ch ........................................................................................39

2.4.1 FSK .................................................................................... 40

2.4.2 QPSK ................................................................................. 41
2.4.3 Nh phn v iu ch M-ary .............................................. 41
2.5 Hiu ng knh Wireless .......................................................................43

2.6 Cc tiu chun ca lp vt l ..................................................... 43

2.6.1 IEEE 802.15.4 .................................................................... 43
2.6.2 Existing Transceivers......................................................... 45
CHNG 3: BI TP NG DNG .........................................................46
3.1 Tng quan v nng lng ....................................................................46
3.2 Nhng nguyn nhn gy lng ph nng lng ..................................46
3.3 Cc phng php tit kim in nng ...............................................46
3.4 V d minh ha .....................................................................................47
3.5 Kt lun .................................................................................................49
KT LUN ...................................................................................................50
TI LIU THAM KHO ...........................................................................51

DANH MC HNH V
Hnh 1.1. Nt cm bin c phn b trong vng cm bin ....................................14
Hnh 1.2. Giao thc stack ca mng cm bin..........................................................15
Hnh 1.3. S thit k nt cm bin .......................................................................18
Hnh 1.4. Biu nng lng tiu th ca nt MicaZ .............................................22
Hnh 1.5. M hnh nng lng c bn ......................................................................27
Hnh 1.6. ng dng ca WSN ..................................................................................29
Hnh 1.7. ng dng o lu lng nc ....................................................................30
Hnh 2.1. K thut giao tip hng ngoi ...................................................................33
Hnh 2.2. Tng quan v khi truyn thng RF .........................................................35
Hnh 2.3. Ngun v m knh ....................................................................................35
Hnh 2.2. Tng quan m hnh v kin trc .............................................................38
Hnh 2.3. Ba n iu ch c bn...........................................................................39
Hnh 2.4. C cu iu ch trong IEEE 802.15.4 .......................................................40
Hnh 2.5. Ngun ca s bin dng trong truyn thng khng dy ...........................42

KT LUN
Nhng vn nghin cu c
Qua phn nghin cu trn, ta c th nm bt c tng quan nht v mng
cm bin khng dy ( v thnh phn, kin trc, giao thc, cc chun ha ), cc ch
tiu cng nh cc thnh phn chnh ca mt nt mng.
Ngoi ra, cng gii thiu mt s ng dng ca mng cm bin khng dy
trong cc lnh vc i sng nh: qun s, y t, cng nghip, mi trng v s dng
ti nh. T , a ra cc yu t nh hng n thit k mng v ch ra yu t sng
cn trong thit k mng cm bin khng dy.
Mt trong nhng thnh phn ca mng cm bin khng dy l: Lp vt
l. Trong lp vt l ta lm r c nhim v, cc kiu truyn thng, cch iu
ch v cc tiu chun hin c (IEEE 802.15.4).
Nhng vn cha gii quyt c
y mi ch l mt phn nh trong mng cm bin khng dy, v vy mun
hiu r hn v WSN th cn phi tm hiu mt rt nhiu thi gian.
Nng lng l mt phn rt quan trng trong mi hot ng ca nt mng,
nh trn ta mi a ra c mt v d c bn nht v nng lng tiu th ca mt
nt mng cn nhiu dng bi tp v nng lng ca nt mng cn phi tm hiu.

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. Wireless Sensor Network Ian F.Akyildiz and Mehmet Can Vuran
[2]. Data.and.Computer.Communication.4th.edition
[3]."Wireless Sensor Network" Wikipedia keyword.
[4]. Somnath Ghosh, Prakash Veeraraghavan, Samar Singh, and Lei Zhang
Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering.
[5]. lan F. Akyildiz Series in Communication and Networking.