‘Thermofluids Lab~ MECS54/LS 2/ Rev. 00-2012 >_> UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI! MARA. FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL PROGRAM BACHELOR OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (HONS) COURSE THERMO-FLUIDS LABORATORY 2 CODE MEC 554 EXPERIMENT #2 Title: Flat Plate Boundary LayerThermofluids Lab — KJM470/LS2/Rey. 00-2008 EXPERIMENT 2 KIM 470- FLUID LAB TITLE : FLAT PLATE BOUNDARY LAYER Objective: 1. To measured the boundary layer velocity layer and observed the growth of the boundary layer for the flat plate with smooth and rough surface. 2. To measured the boundary layer properties for the measured velocity profile. 3. To studied the effect of surface roughness on the development of the boundary layer. Apparatus: 1. Airflow bench - provide adjustable air stream which enables a series of experiment to be connected. 2. Test apparatus — consists of rectangular duct with flat plate. One side of the plate is smooth and other rough. Pitot tube tip is set in the zero plane of scale. By moving the plate up and down, the leading edge can be set to given distance from pitot tube tip. 3. Micrometer scale — to measure the displacement of pitot tube from wall. 4. Velocity measurement — velocity is measured using total and static probes which connected to multi-tube manometer. Theory/Background of the experiment: Some measures of boundary layer properties are described below: ‘The boundary-layer thickness, 8, is used for a thickness beyond which the velocity is essentially the free-stream velocity U. This is customarily defined as the distance from the wall to the point where Ulyns = 0.990 « H@)— 9.99 Figure 1: Boundary Layer Thickness‘Thermofluids Lab ~ KJM470/LS2/Rev. 00-2008 The displacement thickness 6*, is the distance by which the solid boundary would have to be displaced ina frictionless flow the same mass deficit exists in the boundary layer. The mathematical definition of the displacement thickness for incompressible flow is given by =f Ca) - Sturcind Aroass Here Buna Aus Figure 2: Displacement Thickness The momentum thickness 0, is defined as the thickness of the layer fluid of velocity, U (free stream velocity), for which the momentum flux is equal to the deficit of momentum flux through the boundary layer. Mathematically it is defined as a= [~ (3) (ay ‘The Blasius’s exact solution to the laminar boundary layer yields the following equations for the above properties.‘Thermofluids Lab — KIM470/LS2/Rev. 00-2008 Due to the complexity of the flow, there is no exact solution to the turbulent boundary layér. ‘The properties of the boundary layer are approximated using the momentum integral equation which results in the following expression: 0370x Re,)° 0.0463x, T Re,)* 0.036x Re,)? Another measured of the boundary layer is the shape factor, H, which is the ratio displacement thickness to the momentum thickness, H=84/0, For laminar flow, H increase from 2.6 to 3.5 at separation. For turbuilent boundary layer, H increase from 1.3 to approximately 2.5 at separation, Procedure: 1. The apparatus has been setup on the bench. Smooth surface of the plate is used for the first part of the experiment. 2. Adjust the position of the central plate to set the measurement plate at the required distance from leading edge which is 50 mm. 3. Switch on the fan was and the air flow speeds to set the air stream velocity at medium speed. Read the total pressure of the pitot tube for a range of several points as the tube traverse toward the plate at an interval of 0.05 mm. 4, As the pressure begins to fall, the increment of the advanced should be reduced so as to clearly define the velocity profile. The pressure reading will not fall to zero as the Pitot tube has a finite thickness. A further indication that the wall has been reach is that the pressure reading will be zero, Step 2 to step 4 were repeated for setup of measurement plane at 200 mm. 6. Repeat the entire experiment for the rough surface plate.Thermofluids Lab ~ KJM470/LS2/Rev. 00-2008 Result and Analysis: Record the respective values in a table provided at the end of this manual and compute the velocity values, w. Calculate the remaining parameters required using the formula given in the table. Plot graphs of: u i ys. ZN @P uu ii, yvs. (~)\1-—) 3 ic U yO oD For comparison plot the smooth and rough surfaces (for the measurement plane) on the same graph paper. Using the plot, measure 6, 5, 0 as experimental data and compared the values as quoted in the theory. Present your comparison results in tabular form whenever appropriate. Make sure you read the objectives carefully and make conclusion based on them.‘Thermofluids Lab - KJM470/LS2/Rev. 00-2008 FLAT PLATE BOUNDARY LAYER TEST SHEET TEST 1 (smooth plate) Distance from leading edge, x (m) = Siatie pressure | Phattube | Differential | Differential | w (mis) [Micrometer] fi reading, y | manometer, | pressure | manometer | manometer = (mm) (mBar) manometer, height, height, u (enBar) | eBsr) | ah mum ae ‘Note that from the manometer reading, 5 mbar is equal to 64 mm, please convert your experimental readings correspondingly. Free stream velocity, U (nis Reynolds number, pUx/ ys =Thermofluids Lab — KIM470/LS2/Rev. 00-2008 FLAT PLATE BOUNDARY LAYER TEST SHEET TEST 2 (smooth plate) Distance from leading edge, x (m) = Wisrometer | Static pressure | Pitot tube] Differential | Differential [wom | w reading, y | manometer, | pressure | manometer | manometer eo (mm) | (mBar) ‘manometer, height, height, u | (mBar) (mBar) Ah (mm) ‘Note that from the manometer reading, $ mBar is equal to 64 mm, please convert your experimental readings correspondingly Free stream velocity, U (m/s) = Reynolds number, pUx/ =‘Thermofluids Lab ~ KIM470/LS2/Rev. 00-2008 FLAT PLATE BOUNDARY LAYER TEST SHEET TEST 3 (rough plate} Distance from leading edge, x (m) = Micrometer | Stale pressure | Plrothibe | Differential | Diferenial [ulm | w reading, y| manometer, | pressure | manometer | manometer aa (mm) (Bar) manometer, | height, height, a (mBary "| _(mBar)_| an cnm) ‘Note that from the manometer reading, 5 mBat is equal to 64 mm, please convert your experimental readings correspondingly Free stream velocity, U (m/s) Reynolds number, pUx/ 4‘Thermofluids Lab - KIM470/LS2/Rev. 00-2008 FLAT PLATE BOUNDARY LAYER TEST SHEET 0 4 (rough plate) Distance from leading edge, x (m: [ Misomeier ] Sine pressure | Piotnube | Diferiat” | Diferntal | w Onley] u reading, y| manometer, | pressure | manometer | manometer a (om) (mBar) | manometer, | height, height, u i (mBar) | (mBar)_|_Ah (nm) — ‘Note that from the manometer reading. SmBar is equal to 64 mm, please convert your experimental readings corespondingly Free stream velocity, U (m/s) = Reynolds number, pUix/ y=