Professional Documents
Culture Documents
NH TNH
MC TIU
1. Trnh by mt vi khi nim v NCT
2. Phn bit s khc nhau c bn ca
NCL & NCT
3. Trnh by cc phng php chn mu
trong NCT v u khuyt im
4. Mt vi v d minh ha
NGUN GC NCT
Cc nghin cu nhn chng hc
(KHXH)
i n cc C & sng 1 thi gian di
Thng tin su
NGHIN CU NH TNH L G
?Nhc
li
Phn tch
vn ha, kin,
hnh vi, quan im
(suy
ngh,
cm
nhn, phn ng?),
bi cnh x hi
NGHIN CU NH TNH?
Nhc
li
NGHIN CU NH TNH?
Nhc
li
NGHIN CU NH TNH?
Nhc
li
NC NH LNG
Ch NC
c xc nh v
quen thuc
Tnh i din
K NNG
NGI
NC
C MU
PP CHN
MU
NC NH
TNH
Nhiu
NC NH LNG
t
Nh (Chn mu c
ch ch)
Ln
Ln (i
(i din
din cho
cho
dn
dn s
s nghin
nghin cu)
cu)
a dng ha i
tng PV, i din
cho C ni tin
hnh
Ch quan tm
.tng NC
mu ng nht
10
11
12
Nhc
li
Mc ch v mc tiu/cu hi nghin
cu
S dng cc
kt qu cho
pht trin
chng trnh
Phn tch d
liu
Thit k v
chn mu
nghin cu
Thu thp d
liu
car
http://vuontoithanhcong.vn
14
S NGHIN CU
Nhc
li
.
Chn dn s
Chn mu
.
15
CC KHI NIM
Dn s mc
tiu
Mu
Dn s chn
mu
i tng lin
quan
i tng
ch
16
Tm
hiu
mc
ch
NC
Thit
k PP
chn
mu
Phng
vn
thu
thp
tt
Gii
bng
chuy
n i
d
liu
Phn
tch
d
liu
Bn
lun
Vit
bo
co
17
N
ch g
n
i
n h n y
t
h c
th
u
n
o?
m t ch
18
NGUYN TC CHN MU
1. C rt nhiu phng php chn mu,
nhng thng chn mu c ch ch
(nguyn tc ct li)
2. Tnh a dng v s khc bit gia cc
nhm c chn (t nht 3 nhm)
3. Tnh ng nht trong mi nhm c
chn (age, sex, knowledge, language,
occupation, ethnic group)
4. Mu mang tnh cht i din cho i
tng nghin cu (mu nh)
19
Tt c i tng
c quan tm
Gi Tr Bn
Trong
Mu
Mu
i tng
vi mt s
c tnh c
th
Chn lc
Gi Tr Bn Ngoi
(Kh nng khi qut
ha)
o lng
??
ki
m
sot
sai
lch
Kt qu
20
Khng
xc
sut
21
22
23
24
Khng xc
sut
Thun
tin
(convenience)
Phn b theo ch tiu (quota)
Qu bng tuyt
(snowball)
Lp bn (set map)
i tng ch
ng nht
Xc sut
sampling)
Mu ngu nhin phn tng (stratified random
sampling)
Mu cm (cluster sampling)
T c c im
Ly mu nhiu bc (Multistage
tng ng
Chn
mu t l vi c dn s (PPS: probability
sampling)
proportionate to size)
C ch ch (purposes)
Khng
Khng xc
xc
sut
sut
Thun
(convenience)
Ch tiu ( quota)
tin
Qu bng tuyt
(Snowball)
Lp bn (set map)
CHN MU C CH CH
Phng php ph bin nht trong NCT
Chn c th vi mt s c tnh mong mun vo
mu vi ch ch ca nghin cu vin
C mu c th n nh hoc khng n nh trc
khi thu thp thng tin v c mu ph thuc vo:
Ngun cung cp thng tin
Hn nh v thi gian
Mc tiu nghin cu
27
CHN MU C CH CH
Chn mu a dng: Gip xc nh c cc m
hnh thng thng khi tin hnh NC, gip kim
tra cho thng tin.
28
CHN MU CH TIU
L s phn b s n v cn iu tra
cho tng n v c chia hon ton
theo kinh nghim ch quan ca
ngi nghin cu
C phn no tnh cht ca chn mu
phn tng
30
chn
mu
ngu
nhin,
nhng
32
LP BN (SET MAP)*
Lp danh sch cc a im
V bn cc a im: cc thn
bn, ng ph, h gia nh, a
im vui chi, gii tr hoc im dng
ca cc phng tin giao thng cng
cng
H thng thng tin v a l (GIS:
Geograpgic Information System), s
dng h thng nh v ton cu (GPS:
Global Positioning System)
33
MC CH LP BN
To ra khung mu vic ly mu c thc
hin mt cch c h thng. Lp bn bao
gm c vic xc nh a im ca dn s
ch v kch thc ca nhm dn s.
xc nh khu vc m NCV c th tip cn
i tng NC.
xc nh khong thi gian trong ngy m
nhm TNC c mt ti cc a im c th.
V d: im dng bn ca xe bus? Tm hiu
tnh trng bnh tt v cc yu t nh hng
n sc khe ca ngi dn ti khu nh
chut & khng?
34
V D
Tm hiu tnh trng bnh tt v cc yu t nh hng n sc khe
ca ngi dn ti?
a im: phn 2 nhm: khu nh chut & khng?
N khu nh chut:
1 khu dn c ti thiu 10 HG vi t nht 25 thnh vin, p ng 4 trong 5
K sau:
1. iu kin nh ngho nn
2. ng ngi, ch cht chi
3. iu kin sng thp, c s vt cht thiu thn c bit l nc v v sinh
4. Phn ln dn c tnh trng kinh t x hi thp km
5. An ninh trt t km
(iu tra y t Bangladesh)
Ngun: Vin nghin cu Y X hi hc
35
V D
Xc nh s b cc khu chut
Kim tra nh v tinh xc nh cc khu c th l chut da vo mt v vt liu ngi nh
Xc nhn ti thc a
Cc khu chut c nhn dng t v tinh s c cc iu tra vin xc minh li trn mt
t
Cc iu tra vin ny cng thu thp thng tin v kch thc v mt s c im mi trng v
x hi ca cc khu chut
Vic xc nh ranh gii cc khu chut c bng GIS
(iu tra y t Bangladesh)
Ngun: Vin nghin cu Y X hi hc
c tm hiu thm?...
36
TIU CH CHN MU
Mu NC < dn s tnh i din tiu ch
chn mu:
Tiu ch a vo: th hin nhng c tnh
(who, where, when) m cn c vo i
tng c chn vo NC (Gm cho c: i
tng ch v i tng lin quan)
Tiu ch loi ra: thuc tnh khng ph hp
a vo mu
Lu :
V d
Tiu ch a vo:
- i vi i tng ch:
- i vi nhng i tng lin quan:
- Tt c nhng i tng trn ng v thc lng mun
tham gia
- C hiu bit v kinh nghim v vn NC
-
Tiu ch loi ra:
- TNC b ngang cuc phng vn, tr li khng qu
cu hi ra (/v PVS)
- TNC ng tham gia nhng khng c mt ng
lch hn v khng th sp xp lch hn khc
- ..
40
Hn ch
Khc phc
Kin nhn
LA CHN THC A
V NCT ch yu tp trung vo mt s lng nh
cng ng/khu vc cung cp thng tin nn vic
chn a im nghin cu c vai tr rt quan trng.
Quy trnh la chn thng gm 3 bc:
1. Xc nh vng ln nht ph hp vi ch v
mc tiu nghin cu
2. Cn nhc n mc qun th nghin cu v
chn vng hay cng ng m c th i din
c cho tnh a dng ca cc c im quan
trng nht
3. Phi c s ng cho tham gia ca chnh
quyn a phng
42
LA CHN THC A
Nghin cu nh tnh cho php cc nghin cu vin
hn ch cc sai s v ng cnh bng cch: s dng
cc k thut phng vn, tho lun nhm v to ra
mt mi trng phng vn m trong i tng
cm thy thoi mi nht.
43
44
V d 2: Bn lin quan
i din ngi qun l:
- Ngi qun l Trung tm A
- Ngi qun l mi vic ca TT v mt nhn s HC
- Ngi c uy tn v CQ a phng & cng ng c ng.
i din ngi dy d chm sc tr:
- Nhn vin trc tip dy d tr
- Nhn vin trc tip chm sc tr
- Ngi c kinh nghim trong vic chm sc tr b nhim.
- Ngi gn gi v thng xuyn tm s vi cc b.
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