Gii thiu lch s m lch Vit Nam

By The Anh Pham23:58No comments

Da vo kt qu ca mt cng trnh nghin cu cng phu v lch v am lich Vit

Nam ca gio s Hong Xun Hn, chng ta bit c trc nm 1945 ti Vit
Nam dng lch no v lch khc vi lch Trung Quc nhng giai on no.
Cng tm boi ngay sinh hiu thm v chnh xc v chun nht

1. Thi Bc thuc: Lch Trung Quc c s dng ti Vit Nam.

2.T nh Ng n u nh L (khong 939-1078): C l cc vng triu u tin
ca nc Vit Nam c lp vn dng lch Tu.
3. Nh L v nh Trn (1080-1300): Vit Nam t tnh lch ring (theo mt php
lch thi nh Tng bn Trung Quc). C nhiu im khc bit gia lch ta v lch
Trung Quc trong giai on ny. ng tic l khng c ti liu lch s phc
hi lch ny.
4. Nh Trn, H v L (1306-1644): Thi k ny Vit Nam s dng lch ging nh
lch nh Nguyn v Minh dng ti Trung Quc (c th ngi Vit hc c
php lch Th Thi khi i s nh Nguyn khong 1300 v sau c th t tnh
lch). Ngay c trong thi k Trnh-Nguyn phn tranh (1627 tr i), cc cha
Nguyn min Nam vn dng lch ging nh L-Trnh. Nn 1384 nh Minh

Trung Quc i tn lch Th Thi thnh i Thng nhng vn gi nguyn cch

tnh. Cho n ht i Minh (1644) lch ta v lch Tu khng khc nhau.
5. T thi Trnh-Nguyn phn tranh n u nh Nguyn (1645-1812): Vit Nam
dng lch ring, tnh theo php lch i thng. Ti Trung Quc, nm 1644 nh
Thanh ln dng php lch mi (lch Thi Hin). Lch ta v lch Tu khc nhau
nhiu.
6. Thi Ty Sn (1789-1801): Khng r nh Ty Sn dng lch g v cc vn kin
thi Ty Sn sau b ph hy ht. C l Ty Sn chuyn sang dng lch ging
lch nh Thanh bn Trung Quc (theo [2], tr. 949). Ti vng cha Nguyn kim
sot trong giai on ny vn s dng lch ca nh L (tnh theo php lch i
Thng). Sau khi Gia Long ln ngi vn duy tr lch c (tn l lch Vn Ton) n
1812.
7. Thi nh Nguyn v thuc Php (1813-1945): Dng lch Hip K (tnh theo
php lch Thi Hin ca nh Thanh). Khng c s khc bit gia lch Vit Nam v
lch Trung Quc.
8. Giai on khng chin chng Php (1946-1954): C l Vit Nam khng cn c
quan tnh lch ring nn lm lch theo sch Vn nin th ca Trung Quc. Nh
th lch ta v lch Tu khng khc nhau.
9. Thi k hai min chia ct (1955-1975): m lch ti hai min Bc Nam c ch
khc nhau (v khc vi lch Trung Quc) do s dng cc mi gi khc nhau cho
vic tnh ton. min Bc dng mi gi th 8 ti nm 1967 v mi gi th 7 t
1968 tr i. Ti min Nam s dng mi gi th 8.

10. T 1976 tr i: C nc Vit Nam tnh lch m theo mi gi th 7. Do khc

mi gi nn c nhiu im lch ta v lch Tu khc nhau. Ghi ch: T 1943 n
1967 c vi ln thay i mi gi chnh thc, tuy nhin c l vic thay i mi gi
ch lin quan ti vic tnh gi ch khng lm nh hng ti vic tnh ngy thng
m lch. T 01/01/1943 theo mi gi th 8 (GMT+8, sm hn 1h so vi gi
chun). T 1/4/1945 theo gi Nht Bn dng mi gi th 9. T 1/4/1947 quay tr
li dng mi gi th 8. min Nam t 1/7/1955 s dng mi gi th 7, sau
t 1/1/1960 quay li dng mi gi th 8. min Bc th t 8/8/1967 tr i dng
mi gi th 7 (trc theo mi gi th 8). Phi t 1968 tr i m lch ti min

Bc v t 1976 trong c nc mi c tnh da theo mi gi chun ca Vit

Nam.