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Haylee Vaughan
Professor Hamlett
English 102 (9am)
19 November 2015
Skinny Women in Advertisements: An Annotated Bibliography
Baylor University. "Advertising: Most people feel alienated when viewing ultra-thin models."
ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 21 May 2015.
In this article by Baylor University, it is talking about a report that was made by James Roberts,
Ph.D. and his daughter Chloe Roberts. It talks about how not all women will buy products
because the models in the advertisements are thin. It gives key information from the Roberts
report. Like how they surveyed women to determine which of them internalized the thin ideal.
It also talks about the results that the Roberts got, which were that 25 percent disagreed with the
thin ideal and 45 percent did not fully ascribe to it. They also said that 30 percent of the
women were more receptive to thin models compared to average-size models.
This is creditable because of the people the source is based on. Baylor University wrote this
article based on James Roberts and Chloe Roberts study. James Roberts, Ph.D. is The Ben H.
Williams Professor of Marketing in Baylor's Hankamer School of Business. A primary emphasis
of Roberts's research over the past decade has been the psychology of consumer behavior and
more recently he has tread on sacred ground, conducting research on cell phone addiction in the
U.S. Roberts has written more than 65 journal articles and is often quoted in the news media.
This article is an objective article and also a scholarly article.
I am going to use this source in my paper because it has some numbers on how women react
about skinny women in advertisements. This source is going to help me in my paper because it
talks about skinny models does not always help to sell the product. It is going to help me shape
my argument because it will help show that advertisers need to do more research on their
consumers to see what they want to see in the ads.
Conason, Alexis, Psy.D. "Challenging the Thin Ideal." Psychology Today. Sussex, 07 Apr. 2014.
Web. 17 Nov. 2015.
In the article Conason talks about a thing called Cognitive dissonance (CD). This is a theory
originally developed by Leon Festinger in 1957 that posits that when an individual holds a belief
and acts in a way that is inconsistent with that belief, they will experience mental stress and
discomfort. It talks about a study of 104 girls between the ages of 12-13.
Alexis Conason is a clinical psychologist in practice in New York City and a researcher at the
New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center at St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital. She is also the

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co-developer of The ME Plan. The ME Plan is a research driven program to help people break
out of the dieting mentality and develop a more peaceful relationship with food and their body.
This source is an objective article and it is also a scholarly one.
I am going to use this article in my paper to help me support my argument about how skinny
women should not be the only women in advertisements. It will help me with giving numbers on
a study about cognitive dissonance, which I will be talking about in my paper.
Eschholz, Paul A., Alfred F. Rosa, and Virginia P. Clark. Weasel Words: The Art of Saying
Nothing at All" William Lutz. Language Awareness: Readings for College Writers. 11th
ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2013. 416-24. Print.
In this short article in the book Language Awareness, it talks about words used in advertisements
to convince people to buy the products. In this section Lutz calls these words weasel words. The
most common weasel word he says is help He talks about how this word means one thing but
when advertisements use the word they put in a context that makes seem like it means something
else. He says that trick is that the claim that comes after the weasel word is usually so strong and
so dramatic that you forget the weasel word and concentrate only on the dramatic claim.
William Lutz is an emeritus professor of English at Rutgers University at Camden. He also hold
a Ph.D. in Victorian literature, linguistics and rhetoric, and a law degree from the Rutgers School
of Law. He also has written some books on doublespeak. This article actually comes from his
book Doublespeak. I believe this article is objective. This article is a scholarly article.
I am going to use this article in my paper to show how advertisements use these words to sell
their product. It is going to help me with my argument because I am going to show how they
have skinny women use these weasel words to sell the product. It will help me say that
advertisers not only use skinny women to see things but have them say certain words to sale the
product as well.
Guay, Jennifer. "Does Advertising with Thin, Beautiful Models Actually Work?" USA TODAY
College. N.p., 13 Mar. 2013. Web. 11 Nov. 2015.
In this article it talks about the backfire on brands using stick-thin models in their
advertisements. It also talks about a study that Tamara Ansons does on womens reactions to
advertisements with and without models. It also mentions a little about if men were studied the
way women were in Ansons research, would they react the same way. And one person responds
with no they would not.
Jennifer Guay is a M.A. Candidate, Financial & Business Journalism at City University London.
She has been in the marketing business since 2013. She also has had different jobs in the

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marketing business. She also is a Spring 2013 USA TODAY Collegiate Correspondent. I believe
this article is biased. This article is somewhat scholarly and somewhat popular.
I am going to use this article to talk about how women react to models in advertisements. This
article is good for my argument because, it will help me show that women in advertisements
have an effect on the women that buy the products.
Killing Us Softly 4. Dir. Sut Jhally. Perf. Jean Kilbourne. 2010. DVD.
In this DVD Kilbourne talks about how over time she has collected ads with different types of
women on them. She talks about how advertising is very subconsciously. Even though people
say they do not pay attention to it they really are but not really knowing. She talks about how
from a very early age that women learn it is about how you look. She talks about when watching
a TV you may think you are looking at one women but really you see 6 to 7 different women
made into one. She also talks about how cosmetic surgery has rose 457% from 1997 to 2007. She
talks about how women have gotten way thinner of the years and it still is not enough, so they
use photo shop to make them skinner.
Jean Kilbourne, Ed.D. is an author, speaker, and filmmaker who is internationally recognized for
her work on the image of women in advertising and her critical studies of alcohol and tobacco
advertising. In the late 1960s she began her exploration of the connection between advertising
and several public health issues, including violence against women, eating disorders, and
addiction, and launched a movement to promote media literacy as a way to prevent these
problems. I believe this movie is objective, also it is a scholarly article.
I am going to use this movie to show that skinny women have be in advertisement and affect
women for many years. Also I am going to use it to show people that advertisement is a
subconsciously type of thing. This is going to help my argument because it will help me prove
that advertisement has an effect on people and the way they look at themselves just by seeing an
ad.
Krupnick, Ellie. "Aerie's Unretouched Ads 'Challenge Supermodel Standards' For Young
Women." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 17 Jan. 2014. Web. 11 Nov.
2015.
In this article it is talking about a new lingerie line at Aerie that is promoting unretouched
women. The ads are being called aerie Real, which is promoting women to be who they are.
They are not going to use Photoshop on their girls. They also are using different size women, so
no matter what bra size you have you see what it will look like on you.
Ellie Krupnick is The Huffington Post's Senior Editor of Viral Content and Strategy. Prior to her
current role, she was the associate editor and then senior editor of HuffPost Style. Her writing
has also appeared in Women's Wear Daily and HarpersBazaar.com, as well as in the campus

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publications of her alma mater, Barnard College. This article is a biased article, it is also a
popular article.
I am going to use this article in my paper to show that some companies already taking a stand
about skinny women in advertisements. This will help me with my argument because it will
show that changing what is considered skinny can happen and it works well. I will show how this
company did it and how successful they were by doing it.
Pearson, Catherine. "Fashion And Eating Disorders: How Much Responsibility Does Industry
Have?" The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 09 Sept. 2011. Web. 17 Nov. 2015.
This article talks about the percentile of women with an eating disorder due to advertisements. It
talks about how women looking at fashion magazines can be triggered to feel bad about her body
which cause eating disorders. It also talks about how plus-size models rarely walk in fashion
shows. It talks about how a plus-size model says she does feel a sense of responsibility when it
comes to influencing body image and issues on a broader scale, both in terms of young girls
going through what she described as "average American girl food issues" like she did, as well as
those who are at risk for more serious eating disorders.
Catherine Pearson went to Columbia University - Graduate School of Journalism. She has been a
reporter for the past 4 and half years. Even though she is only a reporter she uses citations from
other people that have the knowledge in the subject. For instance, she gets some of her
information from the National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders, The
National Institute of Health, Susan Albers, Psy.D, a psychologist at the Cleveland Clinic, and
many others. I believe this article is a little bit objective and biased. Also, this article is a little bit
of both scholarly and popular.
I am going to use this article to show the numbers of women with an eating disorder. Also I am
going to use this girls life as an example that having regular or plus size models in
advertisements could change someones life. She said it would have changed hers if she seen
them. It is going to help me with my argument because it shows to that women in advertisements
do have an effect on women today.
Vitelli, Romeo, Ph.D. "Media Exposure and the "Perfect" Body." Psychology Today. N.p., 18
Nov. 2013. Web. 11 Nov. 2015.
In this article it talks about how adolescents diagnosed with serious eating disorders report that
their symptoms can be linked to bullying and unrealistic media images. It also talks about how
when overweight people are shown, they are presented as comic relief and often ridiculed. It
talks about how female characters are shown as well below the recommended size and weight for
people in their age group. It talks about how adolescents often depend on TV characters to find
their way in the world and to set a standard for them to follow. It also talks about how the
standard of beauty widely presented on television, movies, and video games is having a powerful
effect on adolescents.

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Romeo Vitelli receives is doctorate in Psychology from York University in Toronto, Ontario in
1987. In 2003 he went into full-time private practice. He also is a disaster management volunteer
with the Red Cross and an active participant in Earthwatch. This source is a little bit of both
objective and biased. This source is a scholarly article.
I am going to use this article in my paper to show advertisement is one cause of eating disorders.
Also, that the characters we are showing in movies and TV are having a big effect on people and
the way they look. Its going to help me with my argument because it is going to show that not
just advertisements using skinny women but also TV and movies are doing it as well.