Rockwell Commander EIGHT FORTY PILOT’S INFORMATION MANUAL Ce aR This manual does not contain certified weight and balance data and cannot be used as an F.A.A. Approved Pilot's Operating Handbook. NOTICE To maintain this manual in a current status identical to an F.A.A. Approved Handbook (less certified weight and balance data) the holder must subscribe to the MANUAL REVISION SERVICE using form AC1870, Rockwell International General Aviation Division 5001 North Rockwell Avenue Bethany, Oklahoma 73008 P/N M690004-1ROCKWELL COMMANDER PILOT'S MODEL 680¢ (EIGHT FORTY) OPERATING HANDBOOK TABLE OF CONTENTS: TABLE OF CONTENT SECTION | a . GENERAL SECTION Ilo... eee a8 5 cecseeceeeesereeees LIMITATIONS, SECTION Il «+... EMERGENCY PROCEDURES. SECTION IV ........ wees . NORMAL PROCEDURES SECTION Vo... eececeeteereeereee ceccseteeneees . PERFORMANCE SECTION VI ...........24..++. WEIGHT & BALANCE/EQUIPMENT LIST SECTION VII ........ AIRPLANE & SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION SECTION VIII ....... AIRPLANE HANDLING, SERVICE & MAINTENANCE SECTION IX .... .. SUPPLEMENTS Reissued: 15 October 1979 1Gulfstream Commander EIGHT FORTY PILOTS OPERATING HANDBOOK eee REISSUED: 15 OCTOBER 1979 REVISED: 23 MARCH 1981 11655 MODEL 690C, MANUFACTURERS SERIAL NO. REGISTRATION No, _Y¥-406-CP. FAA Approved in Normal Category based on CAR 3. This document must be carried in the airplane at all times. This Handbook includes the material required to be furnished to the pilot by CAR 3 and constitutes the Approved Airplane Flight Manual. This Handbook should not be used for operation purposes unless it is maintained in a current status. FAA Approved CY. 2. DELP PC - 203 Ca American ‘Commander Division 5001 North Rockwell Avenue, Betheny, Oklshome 73008 P/N M6g0004-1ROCKWELL COMMANDER MODEL 680¢ (EIGHT FORTY) INTRODUCTION . oon CONTENTS OF HANDBOOK | REVISING THE HANDBOOK - é REQUESTING MANUALS: CORRECTIONS/ CHANGES AIRPLANE DIMENSIONS... DESCRIPTIVE DATA... 1002 Engines . Propellers - Bares ieee ee on. Maximum Certificated Weights .. Standard Airplane Welghts Cabin and Entry Dimensions . INTRODUCTION PILOT'S OPERATING HANDBOOK ‘SECTION | GENERAL SECTION | GENERAL Page a = ti 6 i oe aie Di e Bie De _ 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 ‘TABLE OF CONTENTS Baggage Space and Entry Dimensions . Specific Loadings «..... i SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY 16 General Airspeed Terminology and Symbols - Meteorological Terminology Power Terminology ond Engine Controls and Instruments v.00. 2.02. I= Airplane Performance and Flight Planning Terminology -. - v8 Weight and Balance . es DEFINITIONS . coos CONVERSION FACTORS « This handbook must be read carefully by the owner and operator in order to become familiar with the operation of the Rockwell Commander Eight Forty, Model 690C. This handbook includes the material required to be fur- nished to the pilot by CAR Part 3 and constitutes the Approved Airplane Flight Manual. It also contains supple~ mental data supplied by the airframe manufacturer. The FAA Approved data is identified by the notation "Data on this page is F.A.A. Approved" at the bottom of each page, as applicable. CONTENTS OF HANDBOOK ‘The Pilot's Operating Handbook contains the information necessary for safe and efficient operation of the Rock~ well Commander Fight Forty, Model 680C. ‘The handbook is divided into nine sections as follows: Section! General Section II Limitations Section I Emergency Procedures Section IV Normal Procedures Section V_ Performance Reissued: 15 October 1979 Section VI Weight and Balance/#quipment List Section VII Airplane and Systems Description Section VII Airplane Handling, Service and ‘Maintenance Section IX Supplements wtPILOT'S GENERAL OPERATING HANDBOOK opel 6500 [EIGHT FORTY) — WING AREA = 279:37 $0. FT. Figure 1-1. Genera! Dimensions 1-2 Reissued: 15 October 1979PILOT'S MODEL 6000 fevonT FOM OPERATING HANDBOOK MODEL 690 (EIGHT FORTY) =m RADIUS MAY BE REDUCED BY USE OF ASYMMETRIC THRUST AND INSIDE BRAKE, HOWEVER, THIS MAY (CAUSE NOSE WHEEL TIRE TO SCRUB ON TAX SURFACE, Figure 1.2. Aieplane Turning Revs Reissued: 15 October 1979 Revised: 30 January 1980 SECTION | GENERAL 1-3PILOT'S SencRAL OPERATING HANDBOOK wobEL sone rant FORTY) NOTE Rockwell Commander Eight Forty, Model 690C, airplanes are equipped with a variety of optional equipment, therefore the illustrations used in this handbook will not be typical of every airplane. REVISING THE HANDBOOK ‘The "List of Btfective Pages" contains a list of all pages in Sections I thru VIII in the Pilot's Operating Hand- ‘book, and their issue date. When a page of the handbook is revised or changed, the "List of Effective Pages" will reflect the date of that revision. Fach page also shows the date of original issue and the date of the latest, revision to that page. Upon receipt of revised pages from Rockwell International, the revised pages must be inserted in the handbook and the obsolete pages removed and destroyed. A separate Log of Supplements and a Log of Revisions is provided for Section IX. The Log of Supplements con- tains the Title, the Supplement Number and the number of pages in each published supplement, while the Log of Revisions reflects the revision number, the pages revised and the date of each revision. NOTE Ibis the responsibility of the pilot to assure this handbook is current when using it to operate the Rockwell Commander Eight Forty, Model 690C REQUESTING MANUALS CORRECTIONS /CHANGES Recommended changes or corrections to this manual may be submitted by anyone using the manual. Change/ correction recommendations shall be submitted on the Publications Change Request Form (AC 1432) found in the back of all manuals delivered from the factory. All recommended changes will be reviewed by Customer Service, Engineering, etc., before incorporation or rejection. Additional forms may be requested from Rock- well International, General’ Aviation Division: AIRPLANE DIMENSIONS See Figure 1-1 DESCRIPTIVE DATA ENGINE Number of Engines: Two. Manufacturer: Garrett-AiResearch. Mode! Number: ‘TPES31-5-254K. ‘Type: Single shaft, two stage centrifugal compressors, single annular reverse flow ‘combustion chamber, three stage axial flow turbine. Maximum Horsepower Rating: 717.9 SHP for takeoff, climb and cruise conditions. Maximum Rotational Speed Rating: Propeller - 1591 RPM (100%) ‘Turbine - 41,730 RPM (100%) 1-4 Reissued: 15 October 1979PILOT'S ROCKWELL COMMANDER SECTION | MODEL 690¢ (EIGHT FORTY) OPERATING HANDBOOK GENERAL PROPELLERS ‘Number of Propellers Two. Manufacturer: Dowty-Rotol ‘Model Number: (C) R306/3-82-F/7-(c) VP 2926 Number of Blade: Three. Propeller Diamete: 106 Inches Maximum; 105 Inches Minimum. Propeller Type: Constant speed, full feathering, reversible, hydraulically actuated. Blade Range: (At 0.7 Radius) a. Flight Idle +6.0 (¢ 0.5) Degrees. b. Feathered +83.5 (1 0.5) Degrees. ©. Reverse —13.75 (¢ 1.0) Degrees. 4, Start Locks —1.25 (2 1.0) Degrees. ae ce Jet A, A-1, and B (clear or straw colored). b. —_JP+1, JP-4, and JP-5 (clear or straw colored). ‘Types I and Il (clear or straw colored). 4, 100L.L. (tlue colored) for emergency use only. See Section II for Limitations. e. See Sections I and VIII for additional details concerning other authorized fuels. Standard Fuel System Total Capacity: «430.0 U.S. Gallons Usable Fuel: 425.0 U.S. Gallons (when all LOW FUEL pumps are operating) 408.0 U.S. Gallons (when one or more LOW FUEL pumps are inoperative) Optional Fuel system Total Capacity: 482.0 U.S. Gallons Usable Fuel: 474.0 U.S. Gallons (when all LOW FUEL pumps are operating) 466.0 U.S. Gallons (when one or more LOW FUEL pumps are Inoperative) on. Approved Oils: See Sections If and VII. ‘Total Oil Capaclt 6 Quarts per engine. Minimum Safe Oil Quantity: 1 Quart per engine. Normal Oll Quantity Operating Range: __5 to 6 Quarts per engine. Undrainable Oil Quantity: 1.4 Quarts per engine. NOTE For more detailed information concerning oil servicing, refer to the Airplane Maintenance Manual - MAXIMUM CERTIFICATED WEIGHTS Maximum Ramp Weight 10,375 Ibs. Maximum Zero Fuel Weight: 18463 Ibs. Maximum Takeoff Weight: 10,325 Ibs. ‘Maximum Weight in Baggage Compt: 600 Ibs. Maximum Landing Weight 9875 Ibs. Reissued: 15 October 1979 Revised: 22 September 1980 168SECTION! GENERAL PILOT'S OPERATING HANDBOOK oDEL e800 [EIGHT FORTY] STANDARD AIRPLANE WEIGHTS Standard Empty Weight: 6135 Ibs. Maximum Useful Load: 4242 Ibs. CABIN AND ENTRY DIMENSIONS Maximum Cabin Width: 49.40 In. ‘Maximum Cabin Length: 171.00 In. ‘Maximum Compartment Height: 58-70 In. Minimum Entry Width: 26.55 In. Minimum Entry Helght: 47.00 In. BAGGAGE SPACE AND ENTRY DIMENSIONS Compartment Width: 45 In. Compartment Length: 7910. Compartment Height: 39 In. Compartment Volume: 70 Cu.Ft. Minimum Entry Width: 19.75 in. (S/N 11600 thru 11626) ‘Minimum Entry Height 24.90 In. (S/N 11627 and Subs.) 31.25 In. SPECIFIC LOADINGS 36.96 Ibs/sq.tt. 7.2 Ibs/SHP SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY GENERAL AIRSPEED TERMINOLOGY AND SYMBOLS cas KCAS cs TAS. KIAS Tas KTAS 16 NOTE All Indicated Airspeeds presented are for the Pilot's Airspeed System. When the Co-Pilot's Airspeed System is used, the appropriate calibra- tion curve must be used. Calibrated Airspeed is the indicated speed of an airplane, corrected for position and instrument error. Calibrated airspeed is equal to True Airspeed in'a standard atmosphere at sea level. Calibrated Airspeed expressed in "Knots" Ground Speed is the speed of the airplane relative to the ground. Indicated Airspeed is the speed of an airplane as shown in the airspeed indleator when corrected {or instrument error. IAS values published in this handbook assume zero instrument error. Indicated Airspeed expressed in "Knots". ‘True Airspeed is the airspeed of an airplane relative to undisturbed air and is the CAS corrected Tor altitude, temperature and compressibility. True Airspeed expressed in "Knots". Reissued: 15 October 1979 Revised: 22 September 1980PILOT'S ROCKWELL COMMANDER SECTION | MODEL 690C (EIGHT FORTY) OPERATING HANDBOOK GENERAL, va Maneuvering Speed is the maximum speed at which application of maximum available aerody~ established formula: Vq = Maximum weight stall speed, gear and flaps up (77 KCAS) multiplied ‘amie control Will not overstress the airplane. VA speed is computed using the following FAA I by the square root of the Limit load factor (+3.28 G). vee Maximum Flap Extended Speed is the highest speed permissible with wing flaps in a prescribed extended position. ’ Vie Maximam Landing Gear Extended Speed is the maximum speed at which an alzplane can be safely flown with the landing gear extended. Vio Maximum Landing Gear Operating Speed is the maximum speed at which the landing gear can be safely extended or retracted. Vimo Maximum Operating Limit Speed is the speed limit that may not be deliberately exceeded in Myo ormnal Ip operations. Vis expressed in knots and Min Mach Number. Vaca [Air Minimum Control Speed is the minimum speed at which the airplane is directionally con~ jie as determined in accordance with FAA Aviation Regulations. Airplane certification conditions include one engine becoming inoperative and windmilling with the NTS system oper- I ating; a 5° bank towards the operative engine; takeoff power on the operative engine; landing gear up; Naps in takeoff position and most rearward C.G. Vose Intentional One Engine Inoperative Speed is a minimum speed selected by the manufacturer for intentionally rendering one engine inoperative in flight for training purposes. Vs Stalling Speed or the minimum steady flight speed at which the airplane is controllable. Vso Stalling Speed or the minimum steady flight speed at which the airplane is controllable in the Tanding configuration. Vx Best Angle of Climb Speed is the airspeed which delivers the greatest gain of altitude in the ‘shortest possible horizontal distance. vy Best Rate-of-Climb Speed is the alzspeed which delivers the greatest gain in altitude in the ‘Shortest possible time. METEOROLOGICAL TERMINOLOGY ISA International Standard Atmosphere in which yee air is ary perlaat ass (2) The temperature at Sea Level is 15° Celsius (59° Fahrenheit); (8) The pressure at Sea Level is 29.92 inches Hg. (1013.2 Millibars); (@) The temperature gradient from Sea Level to the altitude at which the temperature is =56.6°C (-68.7°F) is -1.9819C (-3.566°F) per 1000 feet and Zero above that altitude. oar Qutside Air Temperature is the free air static temperature obtained either from inflight tem= perature indications or ground meteorological sources, corrected for instrument error and compressibility effects. IOAT Indicated Qutside Air Temperature is the number actually read from an air temperature indicator ‘which has zero instrument error. In flight a moving temperature sensor will measure a higher temperature than a stationary (static) sensor because of the higher energy of the air relative to a moving vehicle. This temperature rise varies with, and increases with, both airplane Mach Number and the Static Air Temperature itself. A chart to correct IOAT {0 OAT is presented in Section V of this handbook. Indicated __ Indicated Pressure Altitude is the number actually read from an altimeter when the barometric Pressure subscale has been Set to 29.92 inches Hg. (1013.2 Millibars). Altitude 15 October 1979 17 Revised: 30 January 1980SECTION | GENERAL, Pressure Altitude wind PILOT'S OPERATING HANDBOOK moBEL 6000 EVGHT FORTY Pressure Altitude is the altitude measured by a pressure or barometric altimeter when, and ‘only when, the sub scale has been set to 29.92 In-Hg. It is the indicated pressure altitude cor~ rected for position and instrument error. In this handbook, altimeter instrument errors are assumed to be zero Wind is the wind velocities recorded as variables on the charts of this handbook and are to be ‘understood as the headwind or tailwind components of the reported winds. Performance charts automatically factor such headwind components by 50 percent and tailwind components by 150 percent in the cases of takeoff, landing, accelerate~stop and accelerate-go performance POWER TERMINOLOGY Flight Tae Power Ground Tale Power Hot Start Mcp MRCP Reverse Thrust SH TOP Flight Jdle Power is the power developed by the engine with the power lever on the flight idle ‘stops, Engine RPM will normally be 96 to 100 percent. ‘ound Idle Power is power developed by the engine with the condition lever set at LOW RPM ‘and the power lever in the ground idle detent. Engine RPM will normally be 65 percent. A Hot Start is an engine start, or attempted start, which results in the turbine temperature ex- ‘ceeding the specified limits. ‘It is caused by an excessive fuel-to-air ratio or a restart too soon after shutdown. Maximum Continuous Power is the highest power rating not limited by time, It is defined as ‘operation at 100% RPM, not to exceed 717.5 SHP or a maximum ITT of 923°C. Maximum Recommended Cruise Power is the maximum power recommended for normal use ‘during crise. This is the power developed when ITT and RPM are set at 905°C and 96 percent, respectively. Reverse Thrust 1s developed by raising the latches and pulling the power lever back until it is aft of the ground idle detent. ‘The condition lever must be full forward when reverse thrust is being used. Shaft Horsepower means the power delivered at the propeller shaft of an airplane engine (not including jet thrust effects). ‘Takeoff Power is the same as Maximum Continuous Power for this airplane. ENGINE CONTROLS AND INSTRUMENTS Beta Mode Condition Lever rr 1-8 ‘The Beta Mode is an engine operational mode in which prop blade pitch is controlled by the power lever: ‘The Condition Lever is a cockpit lever providing inputs to underspeed governor and propeller governor to alter engine RPM. It is also used to cutoff fuel and feather the propeller. Interstage Turbine Temperature is the temperature as measured by 12 sensors located at the inlet of the second stage stators. Reissued: 15 October 1979 Revised: 16 May 1980PILOT'S SECTION | ROCKWELL COMMANDER MODEL 690 (EIGHT FORTY) OPERATING HANDBOOK GENERAL Motoring Motoring is purging the combustion chambers to remove unburned fuel by rotating the engine Power Lever Propeller Governor Start ‘Locks Tachometer usa with the starter. The airflow caused by the compressor will carry off dangerous accumulations of fuel vapors and vaporize the liquid fuel present. Negative Torque Sensing is a condition wherein propeller torque drives the engine and the pro- peller is automatically driven to high pitch to reduce drag. The function of the negative-torque- sensing system Is to Limit the torque the engine can extract from the propeller during windmill- {ing and thereby prevent large drag forces on the airplane. The NTS system causes a movement of the propeller blades automatically toward thelr feathered position (should the engine suddenly lose power while in flight) and precisely modulates the propeller-blade pitch angle during a pro- peller-windmilled engine air-start. This should not be interpreted as a substitute for the fea- thering device controlled by the condition lever. ‘The Power Lever is a cockpit lever used to change propeller pitch during beta operation and select engine fuel flow during prop governing. ‘The Propeller Governor is a component located on the engine which maintains a selected pro- pellér RPM. Start Locks are mechanical latching devices on each prop blade used to maintain the propeller at ‘minimum pitch position during engine starting to minimize drag on the starter/generator. ‘The Tachometer isan instrument that indicates engine speed in percent of rated RPM. ‘The Underspeed Governor is a flyweight operated fuel metering device, housed in the fuel control unit that establishes engine RPM during Beta Mode of Operation. AIRPLANE PERFORMANCE AND FLIGHT PLANNING TERMINOLOGY Accelerate- Go Distance Accelerate- ‘Stop Distance Cabin De- Pressurized climb Gradient Demon- strated Crosswind Velocity Environ mental System Ice Protec tion Systems Accelerate-Go Distance is the distance required to accelerate the airplane to a specitied speed and, assuming failure of an engine at the instant that speed is attained, continue takeoff on the remaining engine to a height of 50 feet. Accelerate-Stop Distance is the distance required to accelerate the airplane to a specified speed and, assuming failure of an engine at the instant that speed is attained, to bring the airplane to a stop. Cabin Depressurized is a condition wherein the cabin differential pressure is zero. This condl- tion must be observed for takeoff and landing. The environmental system may be operated for air conditioning purposes in the depressurized mode. In those cases where it is permissible for the cabin to be either pressurized or depressurized, no note of cabin condition has been made on the performance charts because the condition may be selected as desired. ‘The Climb Gradient is the climb slope expressed in percent. It is the Vertical Distance Traveled divided by the Horizontal Distance Traveled in the same time interval multiplied by 100. ‘The Gradients shown on the charts (Section V) are True Gradients, that is they are derived from True Tapeline Rates of Climb. ‘The Demonstrated Crosswind Velocity is the velocity of the crosswind component for which adequate control of the airplane during takeoff and landing was actually demonstrated during certification tests. Environmental System status is shown as appropriate, for each performance chart. A statement that the airplane environmental system is on is intended to convey only the information that horse- power is being extracted from the engine or engines. The term does not comment in any way ‘upon whether or not the cabin is in a pressurized condition. All performance material in this handbook is quoted with the environmental system on, except when such operation is irrelevant. ‘A statement that all Ice Protection Systems are off is intended to convey the information that no horsepower 1s being extracted from the engine or engines for this purpose. All performance ‘material in this handbook is quoted with the Ice Protection System off. Reissued: 15 October 1979 19SECTION | GENERAL Maximum Scheduled Shaft Horsepower Scheduled ‘True Tape- Line Rates WEIGHT AND Standard Empty Weight Airplane ‘As Weighed Basie Empty Weight Dry Empty Weight Empty Weight Standard Dry Empty Weight Arm Center of Gravity (c.G.) C.G. Arm C.G. Limits Fuselage Station PILOT'S OPERATING HANDBOOK MODEL 6000 EIGHT FORTY) ‘Maximum Scheduled Shaft Horsepower denotes the maximum shaft horsepower used in obtaining the published performance. Because of certain engine accessories a minimum of 682.5 horse- power is possible with the power levers at full power. All airplane performance was deter- mined using 682.5 shaft horsepower. This should not be Interpreted as the maximum allowable shaft horsepower since 717.5 hp is allowed and can be used if available. However, in no case is the Interstage Turbine Temperature (IT'T) limit to be exceeded. Scheduled refers to planned variations in quantities affecting performance and to the resulting performance itself. For example, shaft horsepower must follow a planned variation with altitude and air temperature, and airspeed must be varied with pressure altitude in order to insure that the predicted rates of climb are obtained. To obtain True Tapeline Rates, use the following equation: Observed OAT (DEG C) +273 ‘True Tapeline Rates e Standard OAT (DEG C) + 273 bserved Rate X ‘The altimeter is calibrated for standard atmospheric conditions and when flying under non- standard conditions, the height change read on the altimeter must be corrected to the actual ‘light conditions. BALANCE Standard Empty Weight is the standard airplane with unusable fuel, full oil, full hydraulic and operating fuids, standard interior, seating, instruments, accessories and all other standard equipment. No optional avionies or miscellaneous equipment. Airplane As Weighed is the airplane as specified per Sales Order, plus full oll, full hydraulic and operating fluids and unusable fuel. Basic Empty Weight is the airplane as weighed, plus ballast for optional equipment (if required) Dry Empty Weight is the basic empty weight minus all ofl, all unusable fuel and all hydraulic and operating fuids. Emply Weight is the basic empty weight minus drainable oil. Standard Dry Empty Weight is the dry empty weight of a standard airplane (no optional equipment or associated ballast Arm is the horizontal distance from the reference datum to the center of gravity (C.G.) of an item. Center of Gravity (C.G.) is the datum station about which an airplane would balance, if suspended. Ts distance from the reference datum (or arm) is found by dividing the total moment by the total weight of the aizplane. C.G. Arm is the arm obtained by adding the airplane's individual moments and dividing the sum by the total weight. C.G. Limits is the extreme center of gravity locations within which the alzplane must be ope- Tated at a given weight (see Section Il, Limitations). Euselage Slation is a location along the airplane fuselage given in terms of distance from the Teference datum. 15 October 1979PILOT'S ROCKWELL COMMANDER SECTION! MODEL 690¢ (EIGHT FORTY) OPERATING HANDBOOK GENERAL, MAC ‘The Mean Aerodynamic Chord of a wing is the chord of an imaginary airfoil which throughout the flight range will have the same force vectors as those of the wing. Maximum Maximum Ramp Weight is the maximum weight approved for ground maneuver. It includes Ramp ‘weight of start, taxi and run up fuel. Weight ‘Maximum Maximum Takeoff Welght is the maximum weight approved for start of takeoff run. ‘Takeoff Weight Maximum Maximum Landing Weight is the maximum weight approved for landing touchdown. Landing Weight Maximum Maximum Zero Fuel Weight 1s the maximum weight exclusive of usable fuel. Zero Fuel Weight ‘Moment Moment is the produet of the weight of an item multiplied by its arm. For convenience, moment ‘by a constant (1000) is used to simplify balance calculations by reducing the number of Payload fayload 1s the weight of occupants, cargo and baggage. Reference _Referenee Datum is an imaginary vertical plane from which all horizontal distances are measured Datum Tor balance purposes. Add 50 inches to Model 690C fuselage stations to obtain the reference station (or arm) for computing moments. Tare ‘Tare is the weight of chocks, blocks, stands, etc. , that were on the scales when the alzplane was weighed. ‘The weight of these items or other items present during weighing which will not bbe present daring fight has to be subtracted from the scale reading(s) to determine the actual weight of the airplane. Unusable __Unusable Fuel is the fuel remaining after a runout test has been completed in accordance with Fuel governmental regulations. Usable Fuel Usable Fuel is the fuel available for flight planning Usefull Load Useful Load is the difference between ramp weight and basic empty weight. DEFINITIONS, WARNING - _ Operating procedures, techniques, etc. , which could result in personal injury or loss of life if not carefully followed. CAUTION = —_ Operating procedures, techniques, etc., which could result in damage to equipment if not carefully followed. NOTE = An operating procedure, technique, etc. , which is considered essential to emphasize. 18 October 1979 VitSECTION! GENERAL CONVERSION FACTORS ultiply centimeters kilograms kilometers kilometers ters Liters meters meters ‘millibars feet gallons inches in. Hg (82°F) nautical miles pounds quarts (iquid) statute miles statute miles nautical miles By 0.3947 2.205 o:62i4 0.53996, 0.2642 1.057 39.37 3.2808 002953, 03048 3.785 2.54 35.8636 1.1508 0145359 0.9463 16094 013690 1.852 PILOT'S OPERATING HANDBOOK ‘To Obtain inches pounds statute miles nautical miles gallons quarts (liquid) inches feet in. Hg (32°F) meters, liters centimeters, millibars Statute miles kilograms: liters kilometers nautical miles kilometers ROCKWELL COMMANDER MODEL 600¢ (EIGHT FORTY) Reissued: 15 October 1979 Revised: 90 January 1980