KHOA KINH T VA KINH DOANH QUC T

B mn V n tai va Bao him trong ngoai thng

CHNG I: VN TAI VA MUA BAN QUC T
Cu 4: inh nghia va c im cua v n tai
- inh nghia
+ Theo nghia r ng: V n tai la m t quy trinh ky thu t nhm chuyn vi tri con
ngi va v t phm ap ng nhu cu nao o.
+ Theo nghia hep: V n tai la s thay i vi tri cua hanh khach va hang hoa
nhm at c nhng muc ich nht inh va thoa man nhng tiu chi:
La hoat ng san xut v t cht cua xa h i, nghia la tao ra san phm xa h i va
co thu nh p quc dn.
La hoat ng kinh t ring bi t, nghi la m t b ph n cu thanh nn kinh t
quc dn
- c im
+ V n tai la nganh san xut v t cht
Theo C. Marx: v n tai la m t trong 4 nganh san xut v t cht bn canh nng
nghi p, cng nghi p, khai khoang.
V n tai la nganh san xut v t cht kt hp 3 yu t:
Sc lao ng va cng cu lao ng tac ng i tng lao ng i tng
v n tai tao ra san phm c bi t s di chuyn cua hang hoa va hanh khach
trong khng gian thoa man muc ich nao o cua con ngi.
+ V n tai la nganh san xut v t cht c bi t
Qua trinh san xut cua nganh v n tai khng lam thay i tinh cht ly hoa cua
oi tng v n chuyn
San xut trong nganh v n tai la m t qua trinh, tac ng lamthay i vi tri cua
i tng v n chuyn trong khng gian ch khng phai la s tac ng v m t
ky thu t vao i tng lao ng tao ra sn phm nh cac nganh san xut
khac
San phm v n tai khng co hinh dang, kich thc nhng vn co tinh v t cht

San phm v n tai khng co hinh dang, kich thc ma v hinh. San xut trong
nganh v n tai khng sang tao ra san phm mi nh cac nganh san xut khac ma
sang tao ra san phm c bi t la s di chuyn vi tri cua i tng v n chuyn
trong khng gian .
San phm v n tai vn mang thu c tinh cua hang hoa: gia tri va gia tri s dung
Trn thi trng, gia tri cua san phm v n tai la gia ca
Trong v n tai, cc phi chinh la gia ca cua v n tai
Qua trinh san xut va tiu thu san phm gn lin vi nhau va khng tach ri
nhau
San phm v n tai khng co khoang cach v thi gian gia san xut va tiu thu
D tr san phm v n tai la d tr nng lc v n chuyn ap ng nhu cu
v n chuyn tng ln trong xa h i khi mua v n tai n.
Cu 1: Tai sao v n
tai la nganh san xut v t cht c bi t ?
- V n tai la nganh san xut v t cht
+ Theo C. Marx: v n tai la nganh san xut v t cht bn canh 3 nganh san xut
v t cht khac la nng nghi p, cng nghi p, khai khoang
+ Qua trinh san xut v t cht trong vn tai la s kt hp 3 yu t: sc lao ng
va cng cu lao ng tac ng vao i tng lao ng tao ra san phm c bi t
s di chuyn v vi tri trong khng gian cua hang hoa, hanh khach nhm thoa
man muc ich nao o.
- V n tai la nganh san xut v t cht c bi t
+Qua trinh san xut cua nganh v n tai khng lam thay i tinh cht ly hoa cua
i tng v n chuyn
San xut trong nganh v n tai la m t qua trinh, tac ng lam thay i vi tri cua
i tng v n chuyn trong khng gian ch khng phai la s tac ng vao m t
ky thu t cua i tng lao ng tao ra san phm mi nh cac nganh san xut
v t cht khac.
+ Qua trinh san xut va tiu thu san phm gn lin vi nhau va khng tach ri
nhau
San phm v n tai khng co khoang cach thi gian gia san xut va tiu dung

 D tr san phm v n tai la d tr nng lc v n chuyn ap ng nhu cu

v n chuyn tng ln khi mua v n tai n
+ San phm v n tai khng co hinh dang, kich thc nhng vn co tinh v t cht
San xut trong nganh v n tai khng sang tao ra san phm mi nh cac nganh
san xut v t cht khac ma sang tao ra san phm san phm c bi t la s di
chuyn vi tri cua i tng v n chuyn trong khng gian thoa ma muc ich nao
o cua con ngi
San phm v n tai tn tai di dang v hinh
San phm v n tai mang hai thu c tinh cua hang hoa: gia tri va gia tri s dung
Trn thi trng, gia tri la gia ca
Trong v n tai, cc phi chinh la gia ca cua v n tai
Cu 2: Trinh bay phn loai v n tai
- Theo pham vi phuc vu
+ V n tai cng c n g
+ V n tai n i b
- Theo pham vi hoat ng
+ V n tai n i ia
+ V n tai quc t
- Theo mi trng hoat ng
+ V n tai ng b : v n tai t, ng st,
+ V n tai ng thuy: ng bin, ng sng, ng h, pha sng bin,
+ V n tai ng khng: may bay, khinh khi cu,v tinh,
+ V n tai ng ng
- Theo i tng v n chuyn
+ V n tai hang hoa
+ V n tai hanh khach
+ V n tai hn hp
- Theo khoang cach v n chuyn
+ V n tai ng gn
+ V n tai ng xa

- Theo cach t chc v n chuyn

+ V n tai n phng thc
+ V n tai a phng thc
+ V n tai ch ng/ t oan
V n tai a phng thc
V n tai ch ng
Phng thc v n chuyn hang hoa hay hanh khach t ni i ti ni n bng it
nht hai cng cu v n chuyn khac nhau tr ln
1 hp ng v n chuyn, 1 chng t
- Nhiu hp ng, nhiu chng t v n
v n chuyn, 1 ngi chiu trach nhi m

chuyn khac nhau

sut qua trinh v n chuyn

- Nhiu ngi v n chuyn va ngi

v n chuyn chi chiu trach nhi m
ch ng minh v n chuyn

+ V n chuyn hang nguyn

+ V n chuyn hang le
Cu 3: Tac dung cua v n tai
- Tac dung chung
+ V n tai lam di chuyn vi tri hang hoa, hanh khach trong khng gian
+ V n tai gop phn tiu thu hang hoa cua cac nganh khac
+ V n tai gop phn thng sut qua trinh lu thng hang hoa, lam lin tuc qua
trinh san xut trong lu thng
- Tac dung vi mua ban quc t
+ Gop phn m r ng, phat trin mua ban quc t
+ Gop phn lam thay i c cu hang hoa, c cu thi trng
+ Lam thay i can cn thanh toan quc t: s dung ngoai t , xut khu san
phm v n tai ln thi can cn c cai thi n, nh p khu ln thi can cn thay i
tiu cc
+ Anh hng ti hi u qua kinh doanh xut nh p khu: chi phi v n tai chim
60-70% cc phi cu thanh nn gia ca hang hoa => anh hng ti mua ban quc
t
Cu 5: Phn tich mi quan h gia v n tai va mua ban quc t

- V n tai la yu t khng tach ri vi mua ban quc t

+ Mua ban nghia la hang hoa thay i quyn s hu
+ V n tai giup di chuyn quyn s hu. Thc t khng it trng hp m c du
hp ng mua ban a c giao kt nhng khng th thc hi n bi khng thu
c phng ti n v n tai
- V n tai vi mua ban co s tac ng qua lai, thuc y nhau cung phat trin
+ Theo Lenin, v n tai la tin va la iu ki n tin quyt mua ban quc t ra
i va phat trin
+ Hoat ng mua ban quc t c m r ng, phat trin -> nhu cu v n chuyn
phat trin -> thuc y v n tai phat trin
Cu 6: Quyn v n tai la gi? Trinh bay c s phn chia quyn v n tai trong
ngoai thng
- Quyn v n tai la quyn va nghia vu t chc qua trinh chuyn ch hang hoa va
thanh toan cc phi trc tip vi ngi chuyn ch. Quyn thu tau la quyn
v n tai ng bin
- C s phn chia trach nhi m v n tai: cac iu ki n c s giao hang theo
Incoterms 2010
+ Nhom th nht: phn ln trach nhi m thu c v ngi mua (EXW, FCA, FOB,
FAS)
+Nhom th hai: phn ln trach nhi m thu c v ngi ban (CPT, CIP, CIF, CFR,
DAP, DAT, DDU)
Cu 7: Cac iu ki n c s giao hang ma ngi ban gianh quyn v n tai
theo Incoterms 2000
CIF, CFR, CPT, CIP, DAF, DEQ, DDS, DDU, DDP
Cu 8: Cac iu ki n c s giao hang ma ngi mua gianh quyn v n tai
theo Incoterms 2000
EXW, FAS,FOB, FCA
Cu 9: Phn tich nhng li ich khi gianh c quyn v n tai
- Bn gianh c quyn v n tai se chu ng hoan toan trong vi c t chc
chuyn ch nh chon phng ti n, hanh trinh, ngi v n chuyn co li nht

cho minh, giup at c phng an ti u trong v n chuyn: ap ng nhu cu,

v n chuyn an toan vi hanh trinh ngn nht, chi phi re nht.
- Gianh c quyn thu tau cho phep ngoai thng s dung tt lc lng tau
bun va phng ti n v n tai trong nc, ng thi gop phn cac nghi p vu
khac phat trin (bao him, mi gii, gom hang, giao nh n, )
- Nu hp ng mua ban ngoai thng khng quy inh cu th thi gian giao
hang, bn gianh quyn v n tai co c s chu ng trong vi c thu tau, giao
nh n hang hoa tai cang bin
- Gop phn tng thu, giam chi ngoai t, cho t nc
VD: xut CIF, CIP, DES, DEQ, DAF se tng thu ngoai t , trong khi nh p FOB,
FCA, FAS, EXW lam giam chi ngoai t
- Chu ng trong am phan, ky kt hp ng v n tai
- Co y nghia trong qua trinh h i nh p quc t: nng cao nng lc canh tranh
nganh v n tai trong nc, tham gia phn cng lao n g quc t
Cu 10: Phn tich nhng trng hp khng nn gianh quyn v n tai
- Khng am hiu v thi trng v n tai
- Xet thy vi c thu phng tin v n tai la kho khn
- Cc phi v n tai d oan se tng manh so vi thi im ky kt hp ng
- Thi trng thu c v i tac trn ban am phan: cn mua gp ho c ban gp
- Quy inh cua phap lu t va t p quan thng mai
- Chnh l ch gia gia co cc va gia khng co cc nho hn chi phi v n tai vi
ngi mua va ln hn chi phi v n tai vi ngi ban
CHNG II: VN CHUYN HANG HOA XNK BNG NG BIN
Cu 11: u nhc im cua v n tai bin
* u im
- Cac tuyn ng v n tai bin hu ht la tuyn ng giao thng t nhin:
khng phai u t nhiu vn, nhn lc xy dng, bao v -> nguyn nhn lam
gia thanh thp
- Nng lc v n chuyn ln
+ Trong tai ln

VD: t 50 60MT, ng st 4000 6000MT, may bay 250MT, tau bin:

600000MT
+ Cung tuyn ng cung m t luc i c hai chiu, nhiu tau
- Gia thanh thp: bng 1/10 hang khng va 1/5 ng b
Nguyn nhn: trong tai ln, c ly dai, nng lc v n chuyn ngay m t tng, nng
sut lao ng cao
- Thich hp chuyn ch hu ht cac loai hang hoa trong mua ban quc t
+ Hang hoa cng knh, khi lng ln
+ Gia tri khng cao
+ Khng oi hoi giao nhanh
* Nhc im
- Chiu anh hng cua cac iu ki n t nhin: bao bin, iu ki n thuy vn
- Tc v n chuyn ch m: 16 20 hai ly/h
- Khng thich hp vi m t s m t hang
+ Gia tri cao
+ Cn giao nhanh
+ Mau h hong
Cu 12: Vai tro cua v n tai bin vi bun ban quc t
- V n tai bin la yu t khng th tach ri vi bun ban quc t
80% khi lng hang hoa bun ban quc t c chuyn ch bng ng bin
- V n tai bin thuc y bun ban quc t phat trin
Q = (P1 * P2 )/L
P1 : tim nng nc th nht
P2 : tim nng nc th hai
L: khong cach gia hai nc (khng gian, thi gian, kinh t)
Xet v khoang cach kinh t, v n tai cang phat trin, cc phi cang re, L cang
nho -> lng hang xut nh p khu cang tng
- V n tai bin phat trin gop phn thay i c cu hang hoa, c cu thi trng
+ Trc y thng XNK thanh phm, ban thanh phm, gi y XNK ca
nguyn li u du th, cac cht long, hang ri nhiu hn

+ Thi trng xa ngay cang tng ln

- V n tai bin anh hng ti can cn thanh toan quc t
Tuy thu c xut khu hay nh p khu san phm v n tai ma anh hng tich cc
hay tiu cc ti can cn thanh toan
Cu 13: Nu khai ni m cang bin, chc nng cang bin, cac trang thit bi c
ban cua cang bin
* Cang bin la ni tau bin ra vao, neo u; phuc vu tau va phuc vu hang hoa;
u mi giao thng quan trong cua cac quc gia co cang
* Chc nng cua cang bin
- Phuc vu tau: phuc vu tau ra vao, neo u an toan, v sinh, sa cha tau, cung
ng cac nhu cu cn thit cho tau,
- Phuc vu hang hoa: xp d hang ln xung cac cng cu v n tai, bao quan hang
hoa tai kho bai, phn loai hang, sa cha bao bi, ky ma hi u, thu tuc giao nh n
hang hoa,
* Nhi m vu cua cang bin
- Xy dng k hoach quy hoach trong pham vi trach nhi m
- Phi hp hoat ng vi cac c quan khac quan ly cang
- Yu cu c quan hu quan cung cp thng tin quan ly cang
- Phi hp tim kim cu nan va khc phuc s c mi trng
- Giam sat vi c tun thu quy inh phap lu t cang
- Cp giy phep ra vao cang, thc hi n yu cu bt gi, tam gi tau
* Cac trang thit bi cua cang bin
- Nhom trang thit bi phuc vu tau ra vao, ch i xp hang: cu cang, tin hi u,
phao tiu,
- Nhom trang thit bi phuc vu xp d: yu t ky thu t quan trong nht cho bit
nng sut xp d, kha nng thng qua tau va hang hoa cua cang
- Nhom trang thit bi kho bai va bao quan: h thng thit bi, di n tich kho bai,
cho thy kha nng phuc vu hoat ng kinh doanh cang
- H thng giao thng cua cang va cu ni ti h u phng
- Cac thit bi ni trn m t nc: cu ni, phao chi, cn cu ni,

- Nhom cac thit bi khac: thng tin lin lac, anh sang, cung cp nc, phong lam
vi c,
* Cac chi tiu hoat ng cua cang
- S lng tau/ tng trong tai toan phn/ tng dung tich ng ky ra vao cang
trong m t nm cho bit ln cua cang
- S lng tau co th bc d m t luc: cang co bao nhiu cu tau, mi cu tau dai
bao nhiu
- Khi lng hang hoa bc d trong nm
- Mc xp d cua cang: nng sut, quy trinh xp d, ty l c gii hoa trong xp
d
- Kha nng cha hang cua kho bai
- Lu t l, t p quan, chi phi va gia ca dich vu cang
Cu 14: Khai ni m tau bun va cac cach phn loai tau bun
a. Theo Vi n Kinh t Hang hai va Logistics: Tau bun la tau bin dung
ch ngi va ch khach vi muc ich thng mai
b. Phn loai tau bun
* Cng dung tau bun
- Tau ch hang kh: hang rn co ho c khng co bao bi, hang long co bao bi
+ Tau ch hang bach hoa
+ Tau container
+ Tau ch hang kh khi lng ln
+ Tau ch xa lan
+ Tau ch hang hn hp
- Tau ch hang long: hang long khng co bao bi
+ Tau ch du
+ Tau ch cht long khac
+ Tau ch khi t thin nhin
+ Tau ch du khi hoa long
- Tau ch hang c bi t: hang cn bc d, bao quan c bi t
+ Tau ch hang ng lanh

+ Tau ch hoa qua ti

+ Tau cho suc v t sng
* Cn c c tau
- Tau nho: trong tai va dung tich nho nhng phai trn 100GRT ho c 300DWT
- Tau trung binh: trong tai di 200000DWT dung ch hang ri, hang bach
hoa
- Tau rt ln: trong tai t 200000DWT ti 350000DWT dung ch du
- Tau cc ln: trong tai t 350000DWT tr ln dung ch du th
* Cn c c tau
- Tau treo c thng
- Tau treo c phng ti n
* Cn c tui tau
- Tau tre: 1 5t
- Tau trung binh: 5 10t
- Tau gia: 10 15t
- Tau rt gia: 15 20t
* Cn c pham vi kinh doanh
- Tau chay vung bin gn
- Tau chay vung bin xa
* Cn c phng thc kinh doanh
- Tau inh tuyn tau ch
- Tau chay rng
* Cn c ng c tau
- Tau chay ng c diezen
- Tau chay ng c hi nc
Cu 15: c trng kinh t ki thu t tau bun
1. Tn tau Ships name
- Danh t ho c ky hi u goi tn tau do chu tau t ra, c c quan ng
kim chp nh n

- Thng xut hi n trong cac v n n, hp ng v n chuyn, chng t bao

him, it khi xut hi n trong hp ng mua ban
- Y nghia: dung quan ly, giao hang, nh n hang, cn c xac nh n ngi
chuyn ch co hoan thanh nghia vu giao hang hay khng
2. Cang ng ky Port of registry
- Co th la ho c khng la cang thu c nc s hu con tau
- ng ky nc nao thi mang quc tich nc o
3. C tau Flag
C tau la c quc tich cua tau
- C phng ti n
- C thng
4. Chu tau Shipowner
Co th la ho c khng la ngi chuyn ch
5. Kich thc cua tau Dimensions of ship
- Chiu dai cua tau: khoang cach thng goc gia hai im dai nht cua tau
- Chiu r ng cua tau: khoang cach thng goc gia hai im r ng nht cua tau
- Y nghia: cho bit tau co kha nng c p cang, qua knh ao, vt tau trc
hay khng
6. Mn nc cua tau Draught, Draft
7. Trong lng Displacement Tonnage
- La trong lng cua nc ma phn chim cua tau chim ch, tinh bng tn dai
D = M/35
D: trong lng cua tau
M: th tich cua nc bi tau chim ch, tinh bng feet
- Phn loai
+ Trong lng tau khng hang Light Displacement: trong lng nho nht cua
tau gm trong lng vo tau, may moc thit bi trn tau, nc trong ni hi,
thuyn vin va hanh ly cua ho

+ Trong lng tau u hang Heavy Displacement: trong lng khng hang va
hang hoa thng mai, v t phm cn thit cho chuyn i ma tau co th ch c
mn nc ti a
HD = LD + Hang hoa + V t phm
8. Trong tai cua tau Dead Weight Tonnage DWT
- Sc ch cua tau mn nc ti a, tinh bng tn dai
- Phn loai
+ Trong tai toan phn Deadweight Capacity: trong lng tau y hang tr i
trong lng tau khng hang, hay chinh la trong lng cua hang hoa thng mai
va v t phm cn cho chuyn i ma tau co th ch c mn nc ti a.
+ Trong tai tinh Deadweight Cargo Capacity: trong tai toan phn tr i phn
trong lng v t phm hay chinh la trong lng cua hang hoa thng mai, thay
i phu thu c vao trong lng v t phm cn thit cho chuyn i
DWC = 20 25%HD
DWCC = 15 20%HD
Ti u hoa DWCC bng cach ct giam trong lng v t phm, qua cach cung
ng v t phm theo tng ch ng
9. Dung tich ng ky Register Tonnage
- La tng th tich cac khoang trng khep kin trn tau, tinh bng tn ng ky, met
khi ho c cubic feet (1 RT = 2.83m3 = 100c.ft)
- Phn loai
+ Dung tich ng ky toan phn GRT: tng dung tich cua cac khoang trng
khep kin tinh t boong trn cung tr xung, dung quan ly, ng ky xac inh
bin ch tau va lng sy quan, thuy thu
+ Dung tich tinh NRT: tng dung tich khoang trng khep kin cha hang, dung
tinh phi cang, thu, phi hoa tiu
10. Dung tich cha hang Cargo Space
- Kha nng xp cac loai hang hoa khac nhau vao hm tau cua con tau o, tinh
bng m3 ho c c.ft
- Phn loai

+ Dung tich cha hang ri Grain Space

+ Dung tich cha hang bao ki n Bale Space
+ Dung tich cha hang ri bao gi cung ln hn dung tich cha hang bao ki n
vi hang ri t n dung c ht th tich hm tau
11. Cp hang cua tau Class of ship
Vi nhng tau t 100GRT tr ln, c quan ng kim se giam sat qua trinh ong
tau va cp chng chi noi ro kha nng i bin cua tau. Chng chi cht lng tau
o la cp hang cua tau.
12. H s xp hang
Cu 16: Mn nc la gi? Y nghia
- Mn nc cua tau la chiu cao thng goc t ay tau ln m t nc, c tinh
bng feet ho c m, khac nhau tuy thu c vao lng hang hoa trn tau, vung bin
kinh doanh va mua kinh doanh.
- Phn loai
+ Mn nc ti thiu: chiu cao thng goc t ay tau ln m t nc khi tau
khng ch hang
+ Mn nc ti a: chiu cao thng goc t ay ln m t nc khi tau ch y
hang va an toan.
- Y nghia: cho bit kha nng c p cang, qua knh ao va cn hang trn tau
- Vach xp hang Plimsoll: c xy dng da trn mn nc cua tau, vung kinh
doanh va mua kinh doanh. Do tau phai di chuyn vao cac vung khac nhau nn
da vao vach Plimsoll xp hang sao cho mn nc ti a cua tau khng ln
hn mn nc cua cac vung bin i qua
- Mn nc cua cac cang bin Vi t Nam
+ Cang nc ngot nn mn nc thp: Cai Ln 15m, Hai Phong: 6 9m
+ Thng phai long hang
Cu 17: C tau la gi? Y nghia cua vi c cm c tau va c phng ti n
- C tau la c quc tich cua tau. Tau ng ky nc nao thi mang quc tich va
treo c nc o
- Phn loai

+ C thng: c quc tich cua nc s hu tau

+ C phng ti n: tau ng ky va treo c cua nc khac so vi nc s hu con
tau
- Y nghia
+ C thng: quan ly s lng tau thc cua nc s hu
+ C phng tin
Vi nc thu c: tranh thu ich va cac chinh sach cm ca, bao vy (treo c
cua nc trung l p), c hng u ai v thu va phi v n tai (treo c nc
ang va kem phat trin),
Vi nc cho thu c: thu phi va s dung c ngun nhn lc tha cua nc
minh
Cu 18: Khai ni m va y nghia cua h s xp hang cua hang va h s xp hang
cua tau
- H s xp hang cua hang la ty l gia th tich cua hang hoa va trong lng
cua hang hoa khi a c xp ln tau, cho bit m t tn hang hoa chim bao
nhiu n vi th tich trong hm tau
SF = V/D
- H s xp hang cua tau la ty l gia dung tich cha hang cua tau vi trong tai
tinh cua tau, cho bit m t tn trong tai tinh cua tau tng ng bao nhiu n
vi dung tich cha hang
CL = CS/DWCC
- H s xp hang cua hang cang nho thi hang cang n ng.
Phng an xp hang ti u t n dung c ca th tich va trong tai tau:
X1 + X2 + X3 + + Xn = DWCC
X1 SF1 + X2SF2 + X3SF3 ++XnSFn = CS
Trong o X: trong lng cac m t hang
SF: h s xp hang cua m t hang tng ng
Cu 19: Khai ni m, c im tau ch
- Khai ni m: Tau ch la tau chay thng xuyn trn tuyn ng nht inh, ghe
qua nhng cang nht inh va theo lich trinh inh sn

- c im
+ Lich trinh cua tau thng c cac hang tau cng b trn cac phng ti n
thng tin ai chung phuc vu khach hang
+ Chng t iu chinh cac mi quan h cua tau ch la v n n ng bin
+ iu ki n chuyn ch c cac chu tau in sn trn v n n va ngi thu tau
khng c phep sa i b sung nhng iu ki n o
+ Mc phi inh sn do chu tau a ra cng b trn biu cc
+ Tau chay tc nhanh va thng ch hang bach hoa khi lng nho
+ Khng quy inh mc xp d, thng phat xp d vi o la trach nhi m ngi
chuyn ch va tau chi lai cang m t s ngay quy inh ri lai quay ra.
* So sanh gia cc tau ch va tau chuyn
Gia cc tau ch thng cao hn gia cc tau chuyn
- Cc phi bao gm ca chi phi bc d hang hoa
- Cc phi n inh trong m t thi gian dai, do o thng c y cao hn gia
thi trng nhm tranh nhng bin n g gia ca va bu p cho nhng ngay khng
u hoa vn (cc khng)
- Cc phi tau ch c inh khng th m c ca c
* So sanh v n tc tau ch va tau chuyn
- Tc tau ch thng nhanh hn tc tau chuyn vi lich trinh tau ch qua
nhiu cang nn se mt thi gian bc d hang do v y y nhanh tc quay
vong tau ch thng i vi tc nhanh
- Tau chuyn vi chay theo hp ng nn khi cha co hp ng k tip thi tau
chuyn thng se i vi tc ch m, khng bi ap lc v thi gian quay vong
Cu 20: Trinh bay khai ni m cua phng thc thu tau ch va trinh bay cac
bc thu tau
- Khai ni m phng thc thu tau ch: thu tau ch/ lu cc tau ch la vi c
chu hang lin h vi chu tau ho c ai ly cua chu tau danh ch trn tau
chuyn ch hang hoa t m t cang nay ti m t cang khac
- Trinh t cac bc thu tau cho
+ Chu hang nh ngi mi gii tim tau v n chuyn hang hoa cho minh

+ Ngi mi gii chao tau, hoi tau bng cach gi giy lu cc tau ch cho chu
tau
+ Ngi mi gii va chu tau am phan m t s iu khoan chu yu: tn hang, s
lng hang hoa, cang xp d, chng t cung cp
+ Ngi mi gii thng bao cho ngi thu tau v kt qua thu tau
+ Chu hang v n chuyn hang hoa ra cang cho ngi chuyn ch
+ Ngi chuyn ch phat hanh v n n/ chng t v n tai cho ngi gi hang
Cu 21: Khai ni m, chc nng, phn loai v n n ng bin
* Khai ni m
V n n ng bin (O.B/L) la chng t chuyn ch hang hoa ng bin do
ngi chuyn ch ho c ai di n ngi chuyn ch cp phat cho ngi gi hang
sau khi hang hoa a c xp ln tau ho c sau khi nh n hang xp.
* c im
- Ngi cp v n n
+ Ngi chuyn ch (Carrier): chu tau ho c ngi khai thac va quan ly con tau
+ Thuyn trng (Shipmaster)
+ ai ly ngi chuyn ch (Agent for carrier)
- Thi im cp phat v n n
+ Sau khi hang a c xp ln tau
+ Sau khi nh n hang xp
- Ngi c cp v n n cua ngi chuyn ch: Ngi gi hang
+ Ngi xut khu
+ Ngi c uy thac giao nh n hang vi tau
* Chc nng
- V n n i bin la bng chng xac nh n hp ng chuyn ch hang hoa bng
ng bin a c ky kt
+ Trong phng thc thu tau ch khng co hp ng, chi co v n n iu
chinh quan h chuyn ch. Trong thu tau chuyn, sau khi ky hp ng, khi
giao hang cung c cp B/L. Khi o v n n la bng chng hp ng a c
ky kt

+ Khng la hp ng vi B/L c l p vi hp ng. B/L in sn cac iu ki n

chuyn ch, khng co s am phan thoa thu n nn trong phng thc thu tau
ch, no khng c coi la hp ng. Trong thu tau chuyn, hp ng iu
chinh mi quan h gia ngi thu ta va ngi cho thu tau, trong khi B/L iu
chinh mi quan h gia ngi cp va ngi cm v n n. c bi t ban CIF,
CFR hau qian h nay chc chc khac bi t nn B/L khng la hp ng
- V n n ng bin la bin lai nh n hang cua ngi chuyn ch cho ngi
gi hang
+ Sau khi nh hang ch ho c xp hang ln tau, B/L mi c cp
+ Ngi chuyn ch se giao hang cho ngi u tin cm v n n hp phap
cang n sau o thu lai v n n gc. Khi o ngi chuyn ch a hoan thanh
nghia vu cua minh. Do v y B/L cung la bin lai giao hang
- V n n ng bin la chng t xac nh n quyn s hu hang hoa ghi trn
v n n
+ Hang hoa v n chuyn bng ng bin thi gian dai, gia ca bin n g -> co
th ban hang bng cach chuyn nhng v n n
+ Ngi cm v n n hp phap la chu s hu hang hoa ghi trn v n n.
Ngi o co quyn yu cu ngi chuyn ch phai giao hang khi anh ta xut
trinh v n n va anh ta co quyn inh oat hang hoa trn v n n. Ngc lai
ngi chuyn ch chi giao hang cho ai gi v n n hp phap (ngi co tn trn
v n n ho c ngi uy thac nh n hang )
=> V n n c ngi ban s dung chng minh hoan thanh nghia vu giao
hang, ngi chuyn ch chng minh hoan thanh nghia vu chuyn ch, ngi
mua nhn c hang, Trong mua ban, B/L c mua ban nh hang hoa. Trn
linh vc khac, B/L la chng t quan trong trong b h s khiu nai, ki n tung
* Phn loai
- Cn c vao tinh trang bc xp hang hoa
+ V n n a xp hang
+ V n n nh n hang xp
- Cn c vao ph chu cua thuyn trng trn v n n

+ V n n hoan hao
+ V n n khng hoan hao
- Cn c vao quyn chuyn nhng, s hu hang hoa
+ V n n ich danh
+ V n n theo l nh
+ V n n v danh
- Cn c vao phng thc thu tau
+ V n n tau ch
+ V n n tau chuyn/ Vn n theo hp ng thu tau
- Cn c vao hanh trinh chuyn ch
+ V n n i thng
+ V n n ch sut
+ Vn n v n tai lin hp
- Cn c vao gia tri s dung va kha nng lu thng
+ V n n gc
+ V n n copy
- V n n khac
+ V n n rut gon
+ V n n hai quan
+ V n n cua ngi giao nh n
+ V n n xp hang ln boong
+ V n n i n t
+ Giy gi hang ng bin
Cu 22: Phn bi t v n n a xp ln tau va v n n nh n hang xp
Shipped on board B/L
c phat sau khi hang hoa c xp

Received for shipment B/L

c phat hanh sau khi ngi chuyn

ln tau

ch nh n hang va cam kt se xp hang

va v n chuyn hang hoa ln con tau
ghi trn v n n. Ap dung khi
+ a giao hang cho ngi chuyn ch

nhng tau cha n ho c tau cha sn

sang xp hang
+ S dung nhiu ngi trung gian:
ngi gom hang, ngi giao nh n
Co ong du ch: On board, shipped
on board, shipped
Co gia tri chng c ln chng to

Ngi ban co th bi coi cha hoan

ngi ban a hoan thanh nghia vu giao thanh nghia vu giao hang theo hp
hang theo hp ng mua ban, c bi t ng mua ban trong FOB CIF CFR
FOB CIF CFR
Nu khng co quy inh gi thm se

Nu khng co quy inh gi thm se

c chp nh n thanh toan

khng c thanh toan

*Giai quyt vn vi v n n nh n hang xp

- Ch xp hang ri ly xac nh n cua thuyn trng
- Nu khng th giao hang ln tau thi thay i iu ki n c s giao hang trong
hp ng mua ban: FOB -> FAS, CIF -> CIP, CFR -> CPT
Cu 23: Phn bi t v n n ich danh, v n n theo l nh, v n n v danh
V n n ich danh

V n n theo l nh V n n v danh

inh

(Straight B/L)
La v n n trn o

(B/L to order of ) (B/L to the bearer)

La v n n trn o La v n n khng ghi

nghia

ghi ro tn va ia chi

khng ghi tn gi

tn ngi nh n ho c

ngi nh n hang

nh n ma ghi theo

ghi ro la v danh (In

l nh ho c ghi tn

blank, to the bearer),

ngi nh n nhng

theo l nh trng (to

vn ghi ho c theo

the order of ), ky h u

l nh

chuyn nhng nhng

khng ghi ngi hng
li tip theo

Trng - V n tai hang hoa

Thng dung trong

hp ap

phi thng mai (hang bun ban va v n tai

dung

gi trin lam, hang

quc t

qua biu)
- Hang hoa thng
mai gia cac ca nhn
ho c cng ty me vi
u

cng ty con
- An toan: khng bi

im

mt hang khi mt B/L bin

(chuyn nhng v n

- D dang cho ngi

- Co th chuyn

n bng cach trao tay)

chuyn ch xac inh

nhng bng cach

chu l hang

ky h u thng

- c s dung ph

D dang mua ban

thng
Nhc

Khng thuc y bun

im

ban phat trin vi

Rui ro cao

khng chuyn
nhng c B/L
theo cach thng
Cach

thng
Mun chuyn

- Co th chuyn

- c chuyn nhng

chuyn

nhng phai tun thu

nhng bng

bng cach trao tay

phng phap ky

- Nhiu nc trong o

nhng theo lu t ho c t p

quan ni din ra hanh h u

co Vi t Nam khng

ng chuyn nhng

cng nh n tinh phap ly

- i vi ky h u

trng -> v n n v cua v n n nay

danh theo ESCAP,
theo t p quan
thng mai thi o la
theo l nh ngi gi
=> khi l p yu cu
ngi chuyn ch
Cach

Mang B/L cung giy

ghi ro theo l nh ai
- Ai nh n hang la

Bt c ai cm v n n

nh n

t tuy thn ho c giy

tuy thu c vao ngi trn tay u co th

hang

gii thi u nh n

ra l nh

hang

- Ngi ra l nh ph

nh n hang

bin nht la ngn

hang
Cu 24: Ky h u chuyn nhng chng t v n tai la gi? Co nhng cach ky h u
nao?
- Khai ni m: Ky h u chuyn nhng chng t v n tai la m t thu tuc chuyn
nhng quyn s hu hang hoa ghi trn chng t t ngi nay sang ngi khac
- Cach ky h u chuyn nhng
+ Ky h u ich danh: ngi ky h u ghi ro tn ngi c hng li, khi o v n
n theo l nh tr thanh v n n ich danh
+ Ky h u theo l nh: ngi ky h u ghi theo l nh cua ngi hng li tip theo.
Qua trinh tip din cho n ngi hng li cui cung
+ Ky h u v danh/ trng: ky h u nhng khng ghi ro ngi hng li tip
theo la ai, khi o v n n tr thanh v n n v danh. V n n ky h u trng
co th dung trong mua ban trao tay vi s tr giup cua ngn hang.
+ Ky h u min truy oi: cng ty A ban hang cho cng ty B va ky h u chuyn
nhng cho cng ty B. Cng ty B ky h u min truy oi (to the order of
without endorsement) cho cng ty C. Nu xay ra tranh chp, cng ty C khng
c truy oi cng ty B ma phai khiu nai cng ty A
- B sung
+ V m t phap ly
Ky h u xac nh n vi c t bo quyn s hu hang hoa ghi trn v n n cho
ngi c hng li
Mang tinh tru tng, v iu ki n: khng cn trinh bay ly do, khng cn
thng bao ngi ban trc va ngi chuyn ch
Xac nh n trach nhi m giao ung hang ghi trn v n n cho ngi hng li
+ Quy inh ky h u

 Ky bng ngn ng cua ngi hng li

Ky vao v n n gc
Th hi n ro y chi chuyn nhng, ky tn, ong du, giao cho ngi hng li,
ng thi cam kt t bo quyn s hu hang hoa
Cu 25: Phn bi t v n n i thng, v n n ch sut, v n n (chng t) v n
tai a phng thc

inh nghia

V n n i thng

V n n ch sut

V n n VTPT

(Direct B/L)

(Through B/L)

(Multimodal

c cp khi

c cp khi

transport B/L)
c cp khi

hang hoa chuyn

hang hoa c

hang hoa c

ch t cang bc

chuyn ch qua

chuyn ch bng

hang n cang xp nhiu ch ng

hai phng thc

hang, khng co

(nhiu tau cua

v n tai khac nhau

chuyn tai

nhiu ngi

tr ln

chuyn ch)
nhng chi co m t
ngi chiu trach
nhi m trong ca
Chuyn tai

Transhipment

Thanh toan

trng
- Khng c
chp nh n nu
chuyn tai va L/C
ghi ro chuyn tai
khng c chp
nh n
- Nu bt bu c
phai chuyn tai,
ngi chuyn ch

qua trinh
c phep

c phep

phai chiu trach

nhi m v tn tht
hang hoa, sau o
mi xem xet xem
trach nhi m
iu chinh

thu c v ai
Chi co 1 v n n

- V n n iu

Co 2 loai v n n

quan h

iu chinh quan

chinh mi quan

ch n g va v n n

h ngi thu tau

h nhng ngi

v n tai a phng

va ngi cho thu

chuyn ch vi

thc

tau

nhau
- V n n ch
sut iu chinh
quan h gia
ngi chuyn ch
cp v n n ch
sut vi chu hang

Cu 26: Trinh bay v Surrendered Bill of Landing va Seaway Bill

1. Seaway Bill
* Nguyn nhn ra i
- Trong nhng hanh trinh ngn, B/L c v n chuyn qua ng bu i n
ch m, nhiu khi hang v n cang ma v n n cha n ni nn ngi nh n
khng nh n c hang, hang phai lu kho bai, tn kem cho 2 bn va lam ch m
qua trinh lu chuyn vn.
- Chi phi phat hanh va lu thng B/L ln
- Mun s dung thanh t khoa hoc ky thu t cua nganh thng tin vin thng
trong vi c truyn thng tin cn thit t cang xp hang ti cang d hang
* im khac bi t so vi B/L
- B/L co 3 chc nng, SB chi co 2 chc nng, SB khng co chc nng la chng
t chng minh quyn s hu hang hoa

- B/L khng gi cung hang hoa, SB thi co

- B/L in u iu ki n, SB khng in ho c in m t s lu y
- B/L co th theo l nh ho c v danh, SB chi co ich danh
* Nguyn nhn cha thng dung
- Ngi ta cho rng B/L an toan hn
- Theo t p quan thng mai
- Khng th chuyn nhng c
2. Surrendered B/L V n n xut trinh tai cang gi
khc phuc tinh trang v n n n ch m va tit ki m chi phi gi v n n
gc, ngi ta dung m t loai v n n goi la: V n n xut trinh tai cang gi
(Surrendered B/L). y la loai v n n thng thng, chi khac la khi ky phat
v n n, ngi v n chuyn ho c ai ly tau ong thm du a n p v n n
(surrendered) ln v n n va thu hi v n n ng thi bao cho ai ly tau tai
cang ich bit ai ly tra hang cho ngi nh n ma khng cn thu h i v n n
gc. Vi c thng bao nay thng th hi n hinh thc vn ban (i n bao, email.
Fax) goi la tra hang ngay (express release). Sau khi thu hi v n n, nu
ngi giao hang co yu cu, ai ly tau se cp cho ho m t ban chup v n n co
dong ch surrendered. Ngi giao hang chia cn gi ban sao v n n nay n
ngi nh n hang la ho co th nh n c hang
Cu 27: Trinh bay trach nhi m cua ngi chuyn ch bng ng bin i vi
hang hoa theo quy tc Hague.
* C s trach nhi m
- Khai ni m: la trach nhi m cua ngi chuyn ch i vi h hong, mt mat
hang hoa chuyn ch. Ngi chuyn ch phai chiu trach nhi m v thi t hai do
mt mat, h hong gy ra khi hang hoa vn thu c trach nhi m cua ngi chuyn
ch.
- Trach nhi m cua ngi chuyn ch: 3 trach nhi m chinh
+ Cung cp tau u kha nng i bin
Tau bn chc, chiu c song gio trong iu ki n thng thng, kin nc
Tau u nguyn nhin v t li u, bin ch thuy thu y u

 Tau phai phu hp chuyn ch hang hoa

+ Trach nhi m thng mai: ngi chuyn ch phai tin hanh cn th n va thich
hp xp dich chuyn, sp xp, chuyn ch, bao quan, coi gi, d hang chuyn
ch
+ Trach nhi m cp v n n: sau khi nh n hang t ngi gi hang, ngi
chuyn ch phai cp v n n cho ngi gi hang.
- Min trach cua ngi chuyn ch
+ Bao bi khng y u
+ Bao ng ho c bao loan
+ Chay, tr khi do li c y cua ngi chuyn ch
+ Cu ho c c y cu sinh mang, tai san trn bin
+ inh cng, cm xng va ngng tr lao ng do bt ky nguyn nhn nao xay
ra toan b hay cuc b
+ Han ch v kim dich
+ Hang hoa va tau bi tam gi, kim ch bi vua chua, chinh quyn nhn dn
ho c bi tich thu do l nh cua toa an
+ Hanh ng chin tranh
+ Hanh ng thu ich
+ Hanh vi s sut do li thuyn trng, thuy thu, hoa tiu, ngi lam cng cho
ngi chuyn ch trong thu t i bin ho c quan tri tau (Li hang v n)
+ Hao hut v trong lng , khi lng va hong hoc do n i ty, n ty va ban cht
c bi t cua hang hoa
+ Ke ky ma hi u khng y u ho c sai sot
+ Li cua chu hang, ai di n ho c ai ly cua chu hang
+ Li do s sut khng thu c trach nhi m ngi chuyn ch, ai ly ngi lam
cng cho ngi chuyn ch
+ S c do n t cua tau ma s cn mn m t cach hp ly khng th phat hi n
c
+ Tai hoa, nguy him, tai nan trn bin
+ Thin tai

2. Thi han trach nhi m

- Khai ni m: khoang thi gian va khng gian ma ngi chuyn ch phai chiu
trach nhi m v mt mat, h hong hang hoa
- Ngi chuyn ch phai chiu trach nhi m v mt mat, h hong hang hoa t khi
hang xp ln tau cang i ti khi hang d khoi tau tai cang n
- Thi han trach nhim: t moc cu ti moc cu
3. Gii han trach nhi m
- Khai ni m: khoan tin bi thng ti a ma ngi chuyn ch phai bi thng
cho chu hang khi co tn tht, mt mat v hang hoa trong trng hp gia tri hang
hoa khng c k khai trn chng t ho c v n n
- 100GBP/ki n ho c n vi hang hoa nhng khng vt qua gia tri l hang
Cu 28: Trinh bay trach nhi m cua ngi chuyn ch ng bin i vi hang
hoa theo Quy tc Hague Visby
1. C s trach nhi m
- inh nghia: la trach nhi m cua ngi chuyn ch i vi h hong, mt mat
hang hoa chuyn ch. Ngi chuyn ch phai chiu trach nhi m v thi t hai do
mt mat, h hong gy ra khi hang hoa vn thu c trach nhi m cua ngi chuyn
ch
- Trach nhi m cua ngi chuyn ch
+ Cung cp con tau u kha nng i bin
Tau bn chc, chiu c song gio trong iu ki n thng thng, kin nc
Tau u nguyn nhin v t li u, bin ch thuy thu y u
Tau phai phu hp chuyn ch hang hoa
+ Trach nhi m thng mai: ngi chuyn ch phai tin hanh cn th n va thich
hp xp d, v n chuyn, sp xp, chuyn ch, bao quan, coi gi, d hang
chuyn ch.
+ Trach nhi m cp v n n: sau khi nh n hang t ngi gi hang, ngi
chuyn ch phai cp v n n cho ngi gi hang
- Min trach cho ngi chuyn ch
+ Bao bi khng y u

+ Bao ng ho c bao loan

+ Chay, tr khi do li c y cua thuyn trng
+ Cu ho c c y cu sinh mang, tai san trn bin
+ inh cng, cm xng ho c ngng tr lao ng do bt ki nguyn nhn nao
xay ra toan b hay cuc b
+ Hang hoa va tau bi bt gi, kim ch bi vua chua, chinh quyn nhn dn
ho c do l nh cua toa an
+ Hang hoa bi kim dich
+ Hanh ng chin tranh
+ Hanh ng thu ich
+ Hanh vi s sut do li cua thuyn trng, hoa tiu, thuy thu, ngi lam cng
cho ngi chuyn ch trong thu t i bin ho c quan tri tau (Li hanh v n)
+ Hao hut v trong lng, khi lng va hong hoc do n i ty, n ty ho c do ban
cht c bi t cua hang hoa
+ Ke ky ma hi u khng y u
+ Li cua chu hang, ai di n ho c ai ly cua chu hang
+ Li ho c s sut li khng thu c trach nhi m cua ngi chuyn ch, ai ly,
ngi lam cng cho ngi chuyn ch
+ S c do n ty cua tau ma s cn mn m t cach hp ly khng th phat hi n
c
+ Tai hoa, nguy him, tai nan trn bin
+ Thin tai
2. Thi han trach nhi m
- inh nghia: khoang thi gian va khng gian ma ngi chuyn ch phai chiu
trach nhi m v h hong, mt mat hang hoa
- Ngi chuyn ch phai chiu trach nhi m v mt mat, h hong hang hoa t khi
hang xp ln tau cang i ti khi hang d khoi tau tai cang n
- Thi han trach nhi m: t moc cu ti moc cu
3. Gii han trach nhi m

- inh nghia: khoan tin bi thng ti a ma ngi chuyn ch phai bi

thng cho chu hang khi co tn tht, mt mat v hang hoa trong trng hp gia
tri hang hoa khng c k khai trn chng t v n tai ho c v n n
- 10.000 Frc vang/ki n, n vi hang hoa ho c 30 Frc vang/kg hang hoa ca bi bi
mt mat, h hong tuy cach tinh co li do chu hang la chon
- Hang hoa trong container
+ n vi hang hoa la n vi tinh cc
+ Nu a k khai s goi, ki n, bao trong v n n thi goi, bao, ki n c coi
la n vi tinh cc va bi thng theo s lng k khai
+ Nu khng k khai thi ca container c coi la 1 n vi bi thng
Cu 29: Trinh bay trach nhi m cua ngi chuyn ch ng bin i vi hang
hoa theo Quy tc Hamburg
1. C s trach nhi m
- Ngi chuyn ch phai chiu trach nhi m v thi t hai do mt mat, h hong va
ch m giao hang khi hang hoa con thu c trach nhi m cua ngi chuyn ch
+ Hang hoa c coi la ch m giao nu khng c giao tai cang n quy inh
trong hp ng v n chuyn trong thi gian a thoa thu n ro rang ho c nu
khng thoa thu n thi gian nh vy thi la trong m t thi gian hp ly ma ngi
chuyn ch cn mn phai giao hang, co tinh n hoan canh s vi c
+ Hang hoa bi coi la mt nu khng c giao nh trn trong vong 60 ngay lin
tuc k t ngay hang hoa ang le c giao
- Trach nhi m chinh cua ngi chuyn ch: trach nhi m cua ngi chuyn ch
xac inh theo nguyn tc li va s sut suy oan li
- Min trach cua ngi chuyn ch
+ Khng li t k cac trng hp min trach
+ S dung nguyn tc suy oan li: ngi chuyn ch phai chng minh tn tht
khng do minh gy ra ho c s sut do minh nhng gy ra a lam u bi n phap
cn thit han ch tn tht
2. Thi han trach nhi m

- Ngi chuyn ch phai chiu trach nhi m v hang hoa k t khi nh n hang
ch tai cang i ti khi hoan thanh nghia vu giao hang cho ngi nh n tai cang
n
- Thi han trach nhi m: t khi nh n ti khi giao
- Ngi chuyn ch c coi la a nh n hang ch khi nh n hang t nhng
ngi sau:
+ Ngi gi ho c ai di n ngi gi
+ C quan ho c bn th ba ma theo lu t l ho c t p quan cua cang la phai giao
hang cho ngi nay
- Ngi chuyn ch c coi la a giao hang tai cang n khi giao hang cho
nhng ngi sau
+ Ngi nh n ho c ai di n ngi nh n
+ C quan ho c bn th ba ma theo lu t l ho c t p quan cua cang thi phai
nh n hang ngi o
+ t hang hoa di s inh oat cua ngi mua theo quy inh trong hp ng,
lu t l ho c t p quan mua ban cua cang.
3. Gii han trach nhi m
- 835 SDR/ki n, n vi ho c 2,5 SDR/kg hang hoa ca bi bi mt mat, h hong
- Vi nhng nc khng la thanh vin cua IMF ho c khng chap nh n SDR thi
gii han la 12.500mu/ki n, n vi ho c 37.5mu/kg hang hoa
- Hang hoa trong container: quy inh ging Visby, b sung: nu container khng
do ngi chuyn ch cung cp thi coi nh m t n vi hang hoa bi thng
- Hang hoa ch m giao: 2,5 ln tin cc phn hang giao ch m nhng khng
vt tng tin cc hp ng v n tai
Cu 30: Trinh bay cac ngun lu t iu chinh trach nhi m cua ngi chuyn ch
ng bin i vi hang hoa v n chuyn theo v n n va so sanh n i dung v
thi han trach nhi m cua ngi chuyn ch theo cac ngun lu t o
1. Ngun lu t iu chinh trach nhi m cua ngi chuyn ch ng bin i vi
hang hoa v n chuyn theo v n n
- Quy tc Hague

- Quy tc Hague Visby

- Quy tc Hamburg
- Nghi inh th SDR
- B lu t hang hai Vi t Nam
2. So sanh
Hague & Hague Visby
- Ngi chuyn ch phai

Hamburg
- Ngi chuyn ch phai

BLHH VN
Trach nhi m cua ngi

chiu trach nhi m v mt

chiu trach nhi m v mt

chuyn ch phat sinh k

mat, h hong hang hoa t mat, h hong hang hoa t t khi nh n hang tai
khi xp hang ln tau

khi nh n hang ch tai

cang i, keo dai trong

cang i ti khi hang d

cang i ti khi hoan

sut hanh trinh chuyn

khoi tau cang n

thanh nghia vu giao hang ch va chm dt khi

- Thi han trach nhi m:

tai cang n

hang thanh nghia vu giao

t moc cu ti moc cu

- Thi han trach nhi m:

hang cho ngi nh n tai

t khi nh n n khi giao

cang n

Cu 31: Trinh bay cac ngun lu t iu chinh trach nhi m cua ngi chuyn ch
ng bin i vi hang hoa v n chuyn theo v n n va so sanh n i dung v
c s trach nhi m cua ngi chuyn ch theo cac ngun lu t o
Hague & Hague Visby
Hamburg
Ngi chuyn ch chiu trach - Ngi chuyn ch

BLHH VN
Ngi chuyn ch chiu

nhi m v thi t hai do h

chiu trach nhi m v

trach nhi m v thi t hai do

hong, mt mat hang hoa khi

thi t hai do h hong,

mt mat, h hong gy ra

hang hoa vn chiu trach

mt mat va ch m giao

khi hang hang hoa vn chiu

nhi m cua ngi chuyn

hang hoa khi hang hoa

trach nhi m cua ngi

ch.

vn chiu trach nhi m

chuyn ch

* Trach nhi m cua ngi

cua ngi chuyn ch

* Trach nhi m cua ngi

chuyn ch: 3 trach nhi m

+ Hang hoa c coi

chuyn ch

chinh

la ch m giao nu

- Cung cp con tau u kha

- Cung cp tau u kha nng

khng c giao tai

nng i bin

i bin

cang n quy inh

+ Tau bn chc, chiu c

+ Tau bn chc, chiu c

trong hp ng v n

song gio thng thng, kin

song gio trong iu ki n

chuyn trong thi gian

nc

thng thng, kin nc

a thoa thu n ro rang

+ Tau u nguyn nhin

+ Tau u nguyn nhin v t

ho c nu khng thoa

li u, bin ch thuy thu y

li u, bin ch thuy thu y

thu n thi gian nh

v y thi c coi la

+ Tau phai phu hp chuyn

+ Tau phai phu hp chuyn

trong m t thi gian

ch hang hoa

ch hang hoa

hp ly ma ngi

- Trach nhi m thng mai:

- Trach nhi m thng mai:

chuyn ch cn mn

ngi chuyn ch phai tin

ngi chuyn ch phai tin

phai giao hang, co tinh hanh cn th n va thich hp

hanh cn th n va thich hp

n hoan canh s vi c

xp, dich chuyn, sp xp,

xp, dich chuyn, sp xp,

+ Hang hoa bi coi la

chuyn ch, bao quan, coi

chuyn ch, bao quan, coi

mt nu khng c

gi, d hang chuyn ch

gi, d hang chuyn ch

giao nh trn trong

- Trach nhi m cp v n

- Trach nhi m cp v n n:

thi gian 60 ngay lin

n: sau khi nh n hang t

sau khi nh n hang t ngi

tuc k t ngay hang

ngi gi hang, ngi

gi hang, ngi chuyn ch

hoa ang le phai c

chuyn ch phai cp v n

phai cp v n n cho ngi

giao

n cho ngi gi hang

gi hang

- Trach nhi m chinh

* Min trach cua ngi

* Min trach cua ngi

cua ngi chuyn ch:

chuyn ch

chuyn ch

trach nhi m cua ngi - Bao bi khng y u

- Bao bi khng y u

chuyn ch c quy

- Bao loan ho c bao ng

- Bao ng ho c bao loan

inh theo nguyn tc

- Chay tr khi do li c y

- Chay tr do li c y cua

li va s sut suy

cua thuyn trng

thuyn trng

oan li

- Cu ho c c y cu sinh

- Cu ho c c tinh cu sinh

- Min trach cua ngi mang, tai san trn bin

mang, tai san trn bin

chuyn ch

- inh cng, cm xng

- inh cng, cm xng

+ Khng li t k cac

ho c ngng tr lao ng

ho c ngng tr lao ng do

trng hp min trach

do bt ky nguyn nhn nao

bt ki nguyn nhn nao xay

+ S dung nguyn tc

xay ra toan b hay cuc b

ra toan b hay cuc b

suy oan li: ngi

- Han ch v kim dich

- Han ch v kim dich

chuyn ch phai chng - Hang hoa ho c tau bi bt

- Hang hoa ho c tau bi bt

minh tn tht khng do gi, kim ch do vua chua,

gi, kim ch bi vua chua,

li ho c s sut cua

chinh quyn nhn dn

chinh quyn nhn dn ho c

minh gy ra ho c a

- Hanh ng chin tranh

l nh cua toa an

lam u bi n phap cn

- Hanh ng thu ich

- Hanh ng chin tranh

thit han ch tn

- Hanh vi do s sut li cua

- Hanh ng thu ich

tht

thuyn trng, hoa tiu,

- Hanh vi do s sut li cua

thuy thu, ngi lam cng

thuyn trng, hoa tiu, thu

cho thuyn trng trong

thuy, ngi lam cng cho

qua trinh i bin ho c quan

ngi chuyn ch trong qua

tri tau

trinh i bin ho c quan tri

- Hao hut v khi lng, s

tau (Li hang v n)

lng va hong hoc do n i

- Hao hut v khi lng, s

ty, n ty ho c ban cht c

lng va hong hoc do n ty,

bi t cua hang hoa

n i ty ho c ban cht c

- Ke ky ma hi u khng y

bi t cua hang hoa

u ho c sai sot

- Ke ky ma hi u khng y

- Li do chu hang, ai di n

u ho c sai sot

ho c ai ly gi hang

- Li do chu hang, ai di n

- Li ho c s sut li

ho c ai ly gi hang

khng thu c trach nhi m

- Li ho c s sut li khng

ngi chuyn ch, ngi

thu c trach nhi m ngi

lam cng cho ngi chuyn

chuyn ch, ngi lam cng

ch

cho ngi chuyn ch

- S c do n ty cua tau ma

- S c do n ty cua tau ma

s cn mn cn thit khng

s cn mn cn thit khng

th phat hi n c

th phat hi n c

- Tai hoa nguy him, tai

- Tai hoa, nguy him, tai nan

nan trn bin

trn bin

- Thin tai

- Thin tai

Cu 32: Trinh bay cac ngun lu t iu chinh trach nhi m cua ngi chuyn ch
ng bin i vi hang hoa v n chuyn theo v n n va so sanh n i dung v
gii han trach nhi m cua ngi chuyn ch theo ngun lu t o
Hague
100

Hague Visby
10.000Franc

GBP/ki n vang/ki n, n

SDR
666.67SDR

Hamburg
- 835 SDR/ki n,

BLHH VN
- K khai bi

/ki n, n

n vi ho c

thng theo

, n vi

vi hang hoa ho c vi ho c

2.5SDR/kg hang

s k khai

hang hoa

30 Frc vang/kg

2SDR/kg

hoa ca bi bi mt

- Gii han

va khng

hang hoa ca bi bi

hang hoa ca mat, h hong

vt qua

mt mat, h hong bi

- Vi nhng nc

vi: ging

gia tri l

- Franc vang la

khng la thanh

SDR

hang

ng tin cha

vin IMF ho c

- Hang hoa

65.5mg vang

khng chp nh n

trong

nguyn cht

SDR thi gii han

container:

900/1000

la 12,500

ging Visby

- Hang hoa trong

mu/ki n, n vi

- Hang hoa

container:

ho c 37.5 mu/kg

ch m giao:

+ n vi hang

hang hoa

ging

hoa la n vi tinh

- Hang hoa trong

Hamburg

cc

container c

+ Nu a k khai

quy inh ging

s goi, bao, ki n,

Visby. B sung

trong v n n

thm, nu

thi goi, bao, ki n

container khng

la c coi la

do ngi chuyn

n vi tinh cc

ch cung cp thi

va bi thng

coi nh m t n

trn 1 n

theo s k khai

vi hang hoa bi

+ Nu khng k

thng

khai thi ca

- Hang hoa ch m

container coi nh

giao: 2.5 ln tin

m t n vi bi

cc phn ch m

thng

giao nhng khng

vt tng tin
cc hp ng
v n tai

Cu 33: Trinh bay n i dung v thng bao tn tht va khiu nai ngi chuyn
ch ng bin i vi hang hoa v n chuyn theo v n n theo cac ngun lu t
quc t hi n hanh
1. Thng bao tn tht
- Thng bao bng vn ban do ngi nh n hang l p, gi cho ngi chuyn ch,
thng bao ro tinh trang tn tht cua hang hoa, trong thi han quy inh bao lu
quyn khiu nai ngi chuyn ch
- Nu tn tht ro r t thy bng mt thng
+ Thng bao bng bin ban hang tn tht: COR
+ Hague, Hague Visby: COR phai c l p trc va vao luc giao hang
+ Hamburg: COR phai c l p khng mu n hn 10 ngay sau ngay giao hang
cho ngi nh n
- Nu tn tht khng ro r t, tc la khng nhin thy bng mt thng ho c nghi
ng tn tht
+ Thng bao bng th d khang: LOR
+ Hague va Hague Visby: thng bao trong vong 3 ngay t khi nh n hang
+ Hamburg: thng bao trong vong 15 ngay t khi nh n hang
- i vi hang ch m giao: thng bao trong vong 60 ngay k t khi nh n hang
2. Khiu nai ngi chuyn ch

- Ngi khiu nai: ngi gi ho c ai di n ngi gi, ngi nh n ho c ai

di n
- H s khiu nai
+ V n n, phiu ong goi, hoa n thng mai: chng minh li ich phat sinh
i vi hang hoa cua chu hang
+ Th d khang, bin ban hang v h hong: thng bao tinh trang tn tht cua
hang hoa
+ Bin ban kt toan nh n hang vi tau, bin ban hang thiu, bin ban giam inh
va giy t khac: chng minh li cua ngi chuyn ch
- Thi han khiu nai
+ Hague: 1 nm t khi nh n hang ang le phai giao hang
+ Hague Visby: 1 nm va co th keo dai khng qua 3 thang
+ Hamburg: 2 nm va cac bn co th thoa thu n
Cu 35: Khai ni m va c im cua tau chuyn
1. inh nghia
Tau chuyn la tau khng chay thng xuyn trn nhng tuyn ng nht inh,
ghe qua nhng cang nht inh, theo m t lich trinh inh sn. Tau chuyn la tau
chuyn ch hang hoa gia hai hay nhiu cang theo yu cu cua chu hang trn c
s m t hp ng thu tau.
2. c im
- i tng v n chuyn la hang hoa khi lng ln, thng co tinh cht tng
i thun nht, co kha nng xp y tau
- Tau co m t boong, hm r ng thu n ti n xp d
- Tc ch m hn tau ch
- iu ki n v n chuyn, cc phi thoa thu n trong hp ng v n chuyn
Cu 36: Khai ni m phng thc thu tau chuyn, trinh t cac bc thu tau
chuyn va cac hinh thc thu tau chuyn
1. Khai ni m
Phng thc thu tau chuyn la vi c chu tau cho ngi thu tau thu m t phn
hoc toan b con tau chuyn ch hang hoa t cang nay n cang khac

2. Trinh t cac bc thu tau chuyn

B1: Ngi chu hang thng qua ngi mi gii tim hoi tau v n chuyn hang hoa
B2: Da vao thng tin chu tau cung cp, ngi mi gii chao hoi tau
B3: Ngi mi gii am phan vi chu t v tt ca cac iu khoan trong hp
ng thu tau
B4: Ngi mi gii thng bao kt qua cho ngi chu hang
B5: Chu hang va chu tau ky kt hp ng. Trc khi ky kt, hai bn ra soat cac
iu khoan, co th b sung, sa cha vi iu khoan trong hp ng mu chi co
nhng net chung
B6: Thc hi n hp ng. Chu hang mang hang hoa n cang, giao cho ngi
chuyn ch va nh n v n n (B/L to charter party)
3. Cac hinh thc thu tau chuyn
- Thu tau chuyn m t lin tuc: giao hang tai cang n xong, hp ng ht hi u
lc
- Thu tau chuyn kh hi: giao hang tai cang n xong lai chuyn ch hang v
cang u ho c cang ln c n
- Thu tau chuyn lin tuc: chuyn ch thng xuyn, khi lng ln
- Thu tau kh hi lin tuc
- Thu khoan: thu tau chuyn ch m t lng hang nht inh trong m t thi
gian nht inh
- Thu bao: thu toan b tau trong thi gian nht inh
- Thu tau inh han: thu tau t minh khai thac
+ Thu tau inh han trn: khng thu thuy thu, thuyn vin
+ Thu tau inh han khng trn: thu ca thuy thu va thuyn vin
Cu 37: Hay quy inh cac iu khoan: cang xp d, thi gian xp d chuyn
ch m t l hang 10,000 tn gao t Vi t Nam ra nc ngoai
- Cang xp/d
+ Cang xp: Cang Hai Phong, cu cang s 1
+ Cang d: Cang Liverpool. Cu cang s 4

- Thi gian xp d: 15 ngay lam vi c thi tit tt 24h lam vi c lin tuc, khng
k Chu nh t va ngay l, co lam cung khng tinh
Cu 38: Quy inh v tau cua hp ng thu tau chuyn
1. Quy inh v cac iu ki n c ban cua con tau
- Tn tau: Queen
- C tau: C Panama
- Cang ng ky: Cang Panama
- Quc tich: Panama
- ng c tau: Hi nc
- Mn nc: ti thiu 5m, ti a 9m
- Trong tai
Trong tai tinh: 12000MT
Trong tai toan phn: 15000MT
- Chiu dai: 100m, chiu r n g: 30m
2. Nu mun gianh quyn thay th tau thi phai ghi thm canh tn tay va/ho c
m t con tau thay th khac
Cu 39: Quy inh v thi gian tau n cang xp hang cua hp ng thu tau
chuyn
1. Thi gian tau n cang xp hang la thi gian tau n cang xp hang nh n
hang ch theo quy inh cua hp ng
2. iu khoan nay quy inh nghia vu tau phai n cang xp hang quy inh trong
thi gian quy inh va trong t th sn sang xp hang
3. Cach quy inh
- Quy inh ngay cu th: Tau phai n cang Hai Phong xp hang vao ngay
1/1/2015
- Quy inh khoang thi gian: Tau phai n cang HP xp hang trong khoang t 15/1/2015
4. Nu tai thi im ky hp ng, tau ang gn thi co th quy inh
- Prompt: Tau n cang vai ba ngay sau ngay ky hp ng
- Promtisimo: Tau n cang trong ngay ky hp ng

- Spot prompt: Tau n cang vai gi sau khi ky hp ng

5. Ngi chuyn ch phai thng bao thi gian d kin tau n cang xp hang
cho ngi thu tau. Nu tau n sm khng bt bu c phai giao hang ngay
nhng nu xp hang lun thi c tinh vao thi gian lam hang. Tau n nhng
hang giao mu n thi nhng ngay tau ch cung c tinh vao thi gian lam hang
6. Tau n mu n thi ngi thu tau co quyn huy hp ng. Tuy nhin huy hay
khng con phu thu c vao cac trng hp
- Thu tau mi co nhanh khng
- Han trn L/C ht cha
- Cc phi co tng khng
- Hang co cn giao gp khng
7. Tau c coi la sn sang xp hang nu
- Tau a n vung thng mai cua cang ho c c p cang quy inh
- Tau a sn sang v moi m t xp hang
+ Lam thu tuc vai cang (hai quan, v sinh)
+ Phng ti n ky thu t y u, hm tau v sinh sach se, nhi t thich hp
- Ngi chuyn ch a trao NOR cho ngi gi hang ho c ngi thu tau theo
cach thich hp (telex, th, fax)
Cu 40: Quy inh v hang hoa cua hp ng thu tau chuyn
1. Tn hang
- Ghi ro tn hang chuyn ch
- Nu mun chuyn ch hai mt hang trn mt chuyn tau thi phai ghi va/hoc
- Nu thi im ky kt cha quyt inh tn hang thi ghi va/hoc bt ky hang
hoa hp phap nao
2. Bao bi: quy inh cu th iu kin bao bi, ke ky ma hiu
3. S lng: tuy mt hang ma quy inh theo khi lng hay th tich. Nn quy
inh km theo mc dung sai
S lng cu th + dung sai. Thuyn trng thng bao s lng hang co th xp.
Nu khng giao u, vn phai chiu mc cc khng. Nu giao u nhng khng
ch ht, tau phai bi thng cho thit hai do bo lai hang hoa

Cu 41: Quy inh v cang xp d cua hp ng thu tau chuyn

1. Quy inh mt hay nhiu cang bc, mt hay nhiu cang d
2. Cach quy inh
- Quy inh chung: Mt cu cang an toan cang Hai Phong
- Quy inh cu th: khu vc nao, cang s my
3. Cang phai an toan
- V mt chinh tri: khng co bao ng vu trang, khng chin tranh, inh cng
- V mt hang hai: su, mn nc thich hp tau lun ni hoc cham t an
toan
4. Lu y
- Khi ky hp ng ngi thu tau nn gach bo dong sau: Or so near there to as
ship may safely get and she always afloat, nn m rng always afloat bng
and/or safely around
- Co th quy inh cum cang nhng khng c qua rng, phai lit k va anh s
th t theo vi tri ia ly cua cang
Cu 42: Quy inh v chi phi xp d cua hp ng thu tau chuyn
Cach quy inh
- iu kin tau ch (Liner terms): Ngi chuyn ch phai chiu ca chi phi xp,
d, san cao, sp t hang hoa. Khi o khng quy inh thng phat xp/d ma
thc hin theo nguyn tc xp d nhanh theo mc co th giao va nhn hoc
nhanh theo tp quan cang.
- iu kin min chi phi xp d cho ngi chuyn ch (FIO Free In and Out,
FIOS, FIOST)
- iu kin min chi phi xp hang cho ngi chuyn ch (FI Free In, FIS, FIT,
FIST)
- iu kin min chi phi d hang cho ngi chuyn ch (FO Free Out, FOS,
FOT, FOST)
3. Phn inh ro rang phu hp vi hp ng mua ban, thun tin trong xp d,
tranh tinh chi phi xp d hai ln
FOB

CIF

Ngi thu tau

Ngi ban thng
Ngi mua thng

Ngi ban
FI
FI

Ngi mua
FO
FO

Cu 43: Quy inh v cc phi thu tau cua hp ng thu tau chuyn
- inh nghia: Cc phi la s tin ma ngi thu tau phai tra cho vic vn chuyn
hang hoa hoc nhng dich vu co lin quan n vic vn chuyn
- Mc cc: so tin cc tinh trn mt n vi hang hoa
- n vi tinh cc
+ Hang cng knh: n vi tinh la n vi th tich (m3 hoc c.ft)
+ Hang nng: n vi tinh trong lng (ton)
+ Hang khac: gallon (du), standard (g), bushels (lua)
+ Vi tau thu bao, tinh cc trn n vi dung tich hoc trong tai cua tau
- S lng hang hoa tinh cc
+ Tinh theo hang hoa thc t tai cang i hay hang hoa ghi trn vn n
+ Tinh theo hang hoa thc giao cang n: vi nhng hang hoa gia tri thp thi
khng cn quy inh tinh theo s lng ghi trn vn n, khu tr 1-2%
- Thi gian thanh toan
+ Thanh toan cc trc (Prepaid freight) hoc thanh toan tai cang i (freight
payable at port of landing): thanh toan ngay khi ky vn n hoc sau khi ky vn
n mt vai ngay
+ Thanh toan sau (Freight to collect) hoc thanh toan tai cang n
Thanh toan luc bt u
Thanh toan luc d hang
Thanh toan sau khi hang c giao thc s va ung n
+ Hn hp: mt phn thanh toan trc, mt phn thanh toan sau. Ngi chuyn
ch co th dung lam thu tuc ra vao cang va bu tr thng phat xp d
Nn quy inh thm Cc phi coi nh thu nhp cua ngi chuyn ch v vn
chuyn hang hoa t khi hang c xp ln tau n khi tra hang, khng phu
thuc hang vao tau co bi mt hay khng mt

Cu 44: Trinh bay iu khoan thng phat xp d trong hp ng thu tau

chuyn
1. Thng
Tin thng xp d la khoan tin ma ngi chuyn ch phai tra cho ngi thu
tau vi a hoan thanh vic xp d hang hoa sm hn thi han quy inh
- Mc thng = mc phat
+ Thng cho toan tau trong mt ngay
+ Thng cho mi n vi trong tai/ dung tich
- Thi gian thng xp d
+ Thng cho toan b thi gian tit kim c
+ Chi thng cho thi gian lam vic tit kim c
- Tng tin thng = Mc thng * Thi gian thng
2. Phat
Tin phat xp d la khoan tin ngi thu tau phai tra cho ngi chuyn ch
khng hoan thanh vic xp d hang hoa ung thi gian a quy inh trong hp
ng
- Mc phat = 2 * mc thng
+ Phat cho toan tau trong mt ngay
+ Phat cho mt n vi dung tich/trong tai
- Thi gian phat: a phat thi lun bi phat
- Tng tin phat = Mc phat * Thi gian phat
3. Cach tinh thng phat
- Bu tr = Thi gian thng thi gian phat
- Tinh ring tin thng, tin phat
4. Vic xem xet vn thng phat phai tin hanh nh sau
- Nghin cu ki C/P xem thi gian xp d la bao nhiu ngay, khoang thi gian
khng tinh vao thi gian xp d, mc tinh thi gian lam hang
- Da vao bin ban s kin tau tinh xem thc t xp d ht bao nhiu ngay
- Da vao o lp bang tinh thi gian xp d xem thng bao nhiu ngay, phat
bao nhiu ngay

Cu 45: Khai nim, c im, cac hinh thc thu tau inh han va cac trng hp
ap dung thu tau inh han
1. inh nghia
Thu tau inh han la vic chu tau cho ngi thu tau thu tau s dung vao
muc ich chuyn ch hoc khai thac thu cc trong mt thi gian nht inh.
Mi quan h thu tau c iu chinh bng hp ng thu tau inh han
2. c im
Thu tau inh han la hinh thc cho thu tai san
- Chu tau vn nm quyn s hu, chi chuyn quyn s dung va am bao tau co
kha nng i bin trong thi gian thu
- Ngi thu chiu trach nhim trong khai thac, s dung tau. Ht han phai hoan
tra tau am bao v mt ky thut tai cang quy inh, trong thi gian quy inh
3. Cac hinh thc thu tau inh han
- Thu trn: khng thu sy quan, thuy thu
- Thu khng trn: thu ca sy quan, thuy thu cua tau
4. Cac trng hp thu tau inh han
- Chu tau
+ La chu tau thun tuy
+ Gia cc thu tau giam trong mt thi gian dai
+ Kho khn trong tim kim ngun hang chuyn ch
- Chu hang
+ Mun kinh doanh kim li
+ Co khi lng hang ln, khng mun phu thuc thi trng thu tau
+ Chu ng trong vic vn chuyn hang hoa
Cu 46: Hay quy inh cac iu khoan: thi gian xp d, thng phat xp d
chuyn ch mt l hang 10000 tn gao t Vit Nam ra nc ngoai
- Thi gian xp d: 15 ngay lam vic thi tit tt lin tuc 24h, khng k Chu
nht va ngay l, co lam cung khng tinh
- Thng phat xp d
+ Ap dung phng phap tinh bu tr

+ Mc thng: 200USD/ngay
+ Mc phat: 400USD/ngay
Vic thanh toan thng phat se c thc hin gia ngi thu tau va ngi
chuyn ch trong vong 1 thang, k t ngay thuyn trng ky vao bin ban s
kin cua tau.
Cu 47: Hay quy inh cac iu khoan: cc phi, lut l giai quyt tranh chp
chuyn ch mt l hang 10000 tn gao t Vit Nam ra nc ngoai
- Cc phi
30USD/MT FIOS tinh theo s lng hang giao tai cang d
50% cc c tra 1 ngay sau ngay ky vn n, 50% cc c tra sau khi d
hang tai cang n
Thanh toan bng tin ng VN, chu hang chuyn khoan vao tai khoan chu tau.
Ty gia hi oa la ty gia hi oai lin ngn hang thi im thanh toan
- Lut l giai quyt tranh chp: Lut Hang hai cua Anh
Hi ng xet x la trong tai London
Cu 50: Phn bit B/L hoan hao va B/L khng hoan hao
inh nghia

Clean B/L
La vn n trn o

Unclean B/L
La vn n trn o co

khng co ph chu xu

ph chu xu, ph chu bao

hoc ph chu bao lu cua lu, ph chu phan i

Gia tri

thuyn trng v tinh

cua thuyn trng v

trang hang hoa hoc

tinh trang hang hoa hoc

hang hoa
Gia tri chng c rt ln,

hang hoa
Ngi ban cha hoan

chng to ngi ban a

thanh nghia vu giao hang

hoan thanh nghia vu giao

Thanh toan

hang
c chp nhn thanh
toan

Bin phap khc phuc

Khng c chp nhn

thanh toan
Chu y bin lai thuyn
pho, khi thy nhng ph

chu xu
- B sung, sa cha hang
hoa
- Vit th bao am
- Lp bin ban hang tn
tht
Th hin trn B/L

- Khng ph chu gi
- ong du ch Clean
- Ph chu khng lam mt
i tinh hoan hao cua vn
n

Cu 54: So sanh phng thc thu tau ch va phng thc thu tau chuyn

inh nghia

Phng thc thu tau

Phng thc thu tau

ch
Thu tau ch hay lu

chuyn
Thu tau chuyn la vic

cc tau ch la vic

ngi chu tau cho ngi

ngi thu tau lin h

thu tau thu mt phn

vi chu tau hoc ai ly

hay toan b con tau

thu tau yu cu danh

vn chuyn hang hoa t

cho minh thu mt phn

cang nay n cang khac

con tau chuyn ch

hang hoa t ni nay n
Phng tin chuyn ch

c im cua phng

ni khac
Tau ch la tau chay

Tau chuyn la tau khng

thng xuyn trn mt

thng xuyn di chuyn

tuyn ng nht inh,

trn mt tuyn ng

ghe qua nhng cang nht

nht inh, khng ghe qua

inh, theo mt lich trinh

nhng cang nht inh,

inh sn

khng theo mt lich trinh

- Lich trinh cng b trn

inh sn
- Khng co lich trinh

cac phng tin thng tin inh sn

ai chung
- Vn n iu chinh
quan h thu tau
- iu kin chuyn ch
in sn trn vn n,
khng th b sung, sa
tin vn chuyn

Trinh t thu tau

- Hp ng iu chinh
quan h thu tau
- iu kin chuyn ch
va cc phi co th thoa

i
- Cc phi inh sn cng

thun

b trn biu cc
- i tng vn chuyn

- Hang khi lng ln,

la hang bach hoa khi

tinh cht tng i thun

lng nho
Tau co 1 hm, nhiu

nht, xp c y tau
- Tau co 1 hm, boong

boong, chay nhanh

rng, chay chm hn tau

Dung B/L

ch
Ky hp ng

CHNG IV: CHUYN CH HANG HA XUT NHP KHU BNG

NG HANG KHNG
Cu 55: Vi tri va c im cua vn tai hang khng
1. Vi tri
- Vn tai hang khng chim vi tri s 1 trong vn tai cac hang hoa sau
+ Hang gia tri cao
+ Hang cn giao ngay ap ng nhu cu va thi vu thi trng
+ Hang mau hong
+ Hang cu tr, khn cp
- Mt xich quan trong trong vn tai a phng thc
- Vi tri quan trong trong giao lu kinh t - vn hoa gia cac quc gia, dn tc
2. c im
- u im
+ Tuyn ng t nhin trn khng trung, ng thng nn ngn nht

+ t chiu anh hng vi iu kin ia ly, ia hinh

+ Tc nhanh: 27 ln ng bin, 10 ln ng oto, 8 ln ng st
+ Lun s dung cng ngh cao
+ Cung cp cht lng dich vu cao hn hn phng thc khac
+ An toan nht
+ n gian v thu tuc, chng t
- Nhc im
+ Gia cao nht: 8 ln ng bin, 2-4 ln ng st, oto
+ Phu thuc nhiu vao thi tit khi ct canh va ha canh
+ Khng phu hp chuyn ch hang cng knh, khi lng ln, gia tri thp
+ oi hoi u t ln v c s vt cht va ao tao nhn lc
Cu 56: Trinh bay c s vt cht ky thut cua vn tai hang khng
1. Cang hang khng
- Theo lut HKDD Vit Nam 2006, cang hang khng la t hp sn bay, nha ga,
trang thit bi, cng trinh mt t phuc vu may bay i, n va phuc vu cac dich
vu vn chuyn hang khng
- Sn bay la phn mt t, mt nc ma may bay ct canh, ha canh va di chuyn.
Sn bay gm toan b din tich mt t, nha ga, trang thit bi phuc vu vn
chuyn hanh khach, hang hoa
2. May bay
- May bay la mt thit bi bay hoat ng c do nng trong khi quyn nh
tng tac vi khng khi
- Phn loai
+ Cn c i tng vn chuyn: may bay ch khach, ch hang, hn hp
+ Cn c s gh: nho, trung binh, ln
+ Cn c nc san xut chu yu
+ Cn c ng c: Piston, turbin canh quat, turbin phan lc
3. Thit bi xp d, vn chuyn tai sn bay
- Thit bi xp , vn chuyn: gia , bng chuyn hang ri, xe nng hang, thit
bi nng container/pallet, xe vn chuyn container.pallet

- Thit bi xp d theo n vi (ULD)

+ thun tin cho vic xp d hang hoa, hang hoa cn c tp hp lai trong
mt thit bi cho phu hp kich thc cua khoang may bay, ngi ta goi la ULD.
ULD co kich thc tiu chun, phu hp kich thc khoang may bay va la mt
b phn cua may bay
+ ULD c tao thanh t: pallet co li, pallet co li phu trn mt hp st
khng ay (igloo khng n inh), container boong chinh, boong di
+ ULD co 2 loai: co chng chi va khng co chng chi
Cu 57: Cac loai t chc vn tai hang khng quc t va Vit Nam
ICAO T

IATA Hip hi

FIAT AAPA

chc HKDD

Vn tai hang

Hip hi

quc t

khng quc t

Lin

cac hang

oan

hang khng

cac

CA TBD

Vit Nam

Hip
hi
giao
nhn
quc
Thanh 1947 trn c s 1945
lp

t
1926

1965

- Hang

cng c v

hang khng

HKDD quc t

quc gia
- Hang HK

Khai

1944 (Chicago)
C quan cua
T chc phi chinh

nim

LHQ quan ly

c phn

tri, t nguyn cua

Pacific

hoat ng hang cac hang hang

khng cua cac

Airlines

khng

(VA chin

nc thanh
vin
Thanh 187 thanh vin, 260, VN gia nhp

40% vn
19, VN la

phap inh)

vin

VN gia nhp

nm 2006

thanh vin

- Cng ty

2/4/1980

th 11 nm

bay dich vu
Vit Nam

Muc

- Thng nht

- Thuc y VTHK

Vin

1997
- Thuc y

tiu

lut l

phat trin thng

VTH hp tac

- Thng nht

xuyn, an toan,

K co

- Giup

tiu chun ky

hiu qua

phi

nhau v ky

thut

- Hp tac ICAO va hp

thut

- Thuc y

cac t chc quc t vi

- Khc

HKDD phat

khac

trin

- Thng nht lut

tranh

khng lanh

- Khuyn khich

manh

IATA phuc canh

TMHK va nghin
cu vn nay

VASCO
- Tng
cng ty bay
dich vu
thuc b
quc phong
SFC VN
co khoang
30 hang
hang khng
quc gia,
khu vc
ang hoat
ng

Tru s Montreal, vn
phong Mexico,
Paris,
Bangkok,
Lima, Cairo
Ngoai ra con co cac ia ly hang hoa hang khng (trung gian gia chu hang va
hang hang khng): ai ly hang hoa IATA, ngi giao nhn hang hoa hang khng
Cu 59: Trinh bay trach nhim cua ngi chuyn ch hang khng theo cac
ngun lut iu chinh vn tai hang khng quc t
1. Cng c Vacsava 1929
* C s trach nhim
- Ngi chuyn ch chiu trach nhim v nhng thit hai do mt mat, h hong va
chm giao hang xay ra trong qua trinh VTHK

- Min trach: nu ngi chuyn ch chng minh c

+ Anh ta, ngi lam cng hoc ai ly cua anh ta a ap dung cac bin phap cn
thit, hp ly tranh thit hai hoc khng th ap dung nhng bin phap phong
tranh nh vy
+ Thit hai do li trong vic hoa tiu, chi huy hoc vn hanh may bay
* Thi han trach nhim
Ngi chuyn ch chiu trach nhim i vi hang hoa trong sut qua trinh vn
chuyn bng may bay (trong cang hang khng, trong may bay, hoc bt c ni
nao nu may bay phai ha canh ngoai cang hang khng), t sn bay n sn
bay
* Gii han trach nhim
- Hang hoa co k khai gia tri: bi thng theo gia tri k khai
- Hang hoa khng k khai gia tri
+ Hang hoa: 250Fr vang/kg hoc tng ng 1kg k ca phu phi
+ Hanh ly ky gi: bi thng nh hang hoa
+ Hanh ly xach tay va t trang: 5000Fr vang/hanh khach
+ Hanh khach: 125000 Fr vang/hanh khach
2. Nghi inh th Hague
- Min trach
+ Xoa bo min trach cua ngi chuyn ch vi nhng tn tht do li cua hoa
tiu, chi huy hoc vn hanh may bay
+ Ngi chuyn ch c min trach i vi n ty, ni ty hoc ban cht t
nhin cua hang hoa
- Gii han trach nhim i vi hanh khach: 250000Fr vang/hanh khach
3. Cng c Guadalajara 1961
- Ngi chuyn ch theo hp ng: ngi ky hp ng chuyn ch vi chu
hang
- Ngi chuyn ch thc t: chiu trach nhim chuyn ch mt phn hay toan b
qua trinh chuyn ch di s uy thac cua ngi chuyn ch theo hp ng

- Trach nhim cua hai ngi nay nh nhau: chi khac la ngi chuyn ch phai
chiu trach nhim toan b qua trinh, ngi chuyn ch thc t chi phai chiu trach
nhim trn chng minh chuyn ch
4. NT Guatemala 1971
- Nu hang hoa bi h hai mt phn thi trong lng xet bi thng la trong
lng cua mt hay nhiu kin
- Nu s hang nay lai anh hng n s hang khac thi trong lng xet bi
thng gm ca trong lng cua s hang khac o nu cac loai hang nay c ghi
trn cung mt vn n
5. NT Montreal 1975 ban s 1, 2, 3, 4
- Ban s 1,2:
+ Hang hoa: 17 SDR hoc 250 Fr vang/kg
+ Hanh ly: 332 SDR hoc 5000 Fr vang/ hanh khach
- Ban s 3:
+ Hang hoa: 17 SDR hoc 250Fr vang/kg
+ Hanh ly: 1000 SDR hoc 15000Fr vang/hanh khach
- Tng thm min trach cho ngi chuyn ch
+ Thit hai do cht lng hoc khuyt tt vn co cua hang hoa
+ Khuyt im v bao bi do mt ngi khng phai la ngi chuyn ch hoc ai
ly cua ho gy ra cung nh do thiu sot cua ngi gi, ngi nhn hoc ai ly
cua ho
+ Chin tranh hoc xung t vu trang
+ Hanh ng do chinh quyn nhn dn thc hin co lin quan ti xut nhp khu
hoc qua canh
Cu 60: Trinh bay vn khiu nai va kin tung ngi chuyn ch hang khng
theo cac ngun lut iu chinh vn tai hang khng
1. Ngun lut quc t
1.1. Khiu nai
a. Thi gian khiu nai
- Theo Cng c Vacsava 1929

+ i vi h hong mt mat hang hoa: trong vong 7 ngay k t ngay nhn hang
+ i vi chm giao hang: trong vong 14 ngay k t ngay hang ang le phai
c t di s inh oat cua ngi nhn hang
- Theo NT Hague 1955
+ i vi mt mat h hong hang hoa: trong vong 14 ngay k t ngay nhn hang
+ i vi chm giao hang: trong vong 21 ngay hang ang le phai c t di
s inh oat cua ngi nhn hang
b. B h s kiu nai
- n th khiu nai
- AWB
- Cac chng t lin quan ti hang hoa va cac chng t co lin quan ti tn tht
- Bin ban kt toan oi tin bi thng (gm ca tin oi bi thng tn tht va
cac chi phi khac co lin quan)
1.2. Kin tung
- Ngi i kin: chu hang (chu hang hoc chu nhn)
- Ngi bi kin:
+ Ngi chuyn ch u tin hay cui cung
+ Ngi chuyn ch ma oan chuyn ch cua ho hang hoa bi tn tht
- Thi gian khi kin: trong vong 2 nm k t ngay may bay n im n/k t
ngay le ra may bay phai n im n/k t ngay vic vn chuyn chm dt
- Ni kin
+ Toa an ni c inh cua ngi chuyn ch
+ Toa an ni ngi chuyn ch co tru s kinh doanh chinh
+ Toa an ni ngi chuyn ch co tru s ma hoat ng chuyn ch c ky kt
+ Toa an co thm quyn tai ni hang n
+ Toa an thuc lanh th cua mt trong cac bn ki cng c
2. Ngun lut Vit Nam
- Thi han khiu nai
+ Hang hoa bi thit hai, h hong: 14 ngay t ngay nhn hang hoa
+ Hang hoa bi tht lac: 21 ngay k t ngay ang le hang hoa phai c tra

+ Hang hoa chm giao: 21 ngay k t ngay hang hoa ang le phai c giao
+ Hanh ly: 7 ngay k t ngay nhn hanh ly
- B h s khiu nai
+ n th khiu nai
+ Chng t lin quan n hang hoa: Commercial Invoice, Packing List, GCN
phm cht, s lng, xut x,
+ Chng t lin quan n hanh trinh: AWB va/hoc chng t vn tai
+ Chng t co lin quan n tn tht
- Thi han khi kin: 1 nm k t ngay hang c vn chuyn ti sn bay hoc
k t ngay hang ang le c vn chuyn ti sn bay hoc k t ngay vic vn
chuyn bi inh tr
Cu 61: Vn n hang khng la gi? Nu cac loai vn n hang khng va trng
hp s dung chung. Trinh bay cach lp va phn phi vn n hang khng
1. inh ngia
AWB la chng t vn chuyn hang hoa bng ng hang khng, la bng chng
cua vic ky kt hp ng vn chuyn hang hoa bng may bay, v iu kin cua
hp ng va vic a tip nhn hang hoa chuyn ch
2. Phn loai
* Cn c vao dich vu gom hang
- Vn n cua ngi gom hang (House AWB HAWB): ngi gom hang cp
cho chu hang giao hang le
- Vn n chu (Master AWB MAWB): hang hang khng cp cho ngi gom
hang khi ngi gom hang giao l hang cua nhiu chu hang
* Cn c vao ngi phat hanh
- Vn n cua hang hang khng (Airline AWB): hang hang khng la ngi
chuyn ch
- Vn n trung lp (Neutral AWB): ngi thu chuyn ch, ai ly cuo mt
ngi chuyn ch thc t nn s dung vn n nay thay cho HAWB vi vn n
gom hang khng ap ng c yu cu cua UCP v thanh toan bng L/C. Vn
n tiu chun cua IATA.

3. Lp va phn phi vn n
* Lp
- Theo Cng c Vacsava 1929 va NT Hague 1955, trach nhim lp AWB
thuc v ngi gi hang
- 3 ban chinh
+ Ban 1: ngi gi hang ky, giao cho ngi chuyn ch
+ Ban 2: ngi gi hang va ngi vn chuyn ky, giao cho ngi nhn hang
+ Ban 3: ngi vn chuyn ky, giao cho ngi gi hang sau khi nhn hang
- Ngi lp AWB ki vao xac nhn (Shippers Certification Box)
* Phn phi
AWB c phat hanh thanh mt b 9 12 ban trong o co 3 ban gc, c anh
s 1,2,3 con lai la cac ban copy c anh s 4 12
Ban 1: mau xanh la cy cho ngi chuyn ch
Ban 2: may hng cho ngi nhn
Ban 3: mau xanh da tri cho ngi gi
Ban 4: mau vang bin lai giao hang
Ban 5: cho sn bay n
Ban 6,7,8: cho ngi chuyn ch th 3,2,1
Ban 9: cho ai ly ngi chuyn ch
Ban 10, 11: phu thm cho ngi chuyn ch
Ban 12: cho Hai quan
Cu 62: Cac chc nng cua AWB
- Bng chng cua mt hp ng vn chuyn hang hoa bng ng hang khng
Vn n hang khng khng la hp ng chuyn ch ma la chng t hoan toan
c lp vi hp ng chuyn ch. Do vn n chi co ch ky xac nhn cua 1 bn
sau khi giao nhn hang hoa
Trc khi giao hang, ngi gi hang va ngi chuyn ch/hang may bay a
thoa thun v vn chuyn hang hoa va khi hang hoa c giao thi ngi chuyn
ch se cp vn n gi hang. Vi vy vn n c cp chinh la bng chng xac
nhn co mt hp ng chuyn ch a c ky

- Bng chng a nhn hang xp

Sau khi giao hang cho ngi chuyn ch/hang hang khng, ngi gi hang c
cp vn n chng to ngi gi a giao hang va ngi chuyn ch chiu trach
nhim vi hang hoa c gi.
- Hoa n thanh toan cc phi
Trn vn n th hin s tin cc phai thanh toan cho hang
- Chng t bao him
Nu ngi gi hang mua bao him cua hang hang khng thi ghi mc phi bao
him vao amount of insurance. Nu ngi gi hang khng mua bao him cua
hang hang khng thi khng cn ghi vao o
- Chng t khai hai quan
+ Chi khi k khai gia tri hang hoa thi vn n co chc nng nay
+ Vi mt s mt hang: qua biu tng, hang chuyn t cng ty me sang cng ty
con, thi khng cn k khai
- Ban hng dn i vi tip vin hang khng: thng tin ghi ro Thng tin
lam hang (Handing information)
Vn n hang khng khng co chc nng la chng t xac nhn quyn s hu
hang hoa ghi trn vn n. Khng ging nh vn tai ng bin, trong vn tai
hang khng, ngi ta khng s dung vn n co th giao dich dc, hay noi
cach khac vn n hang khng khng phai la chng t s ha hang hoa nh vn
n ng bin thng thng. Nguyn nhn cua iu nay la do tc vn tai
hang khng rt cao, hanh trinh cua may bay thng kt thuc va hang hoa c
giao ngay ni n mt khoang thi gian dai trc khi co th gi chng t hang
khng t ngi xut khu qua ngn hang cua ho ti ngn hang cua ngi xut
khu ri ngn hang cua ngi nhp khu gi cho ngi nhp khu. Vi nhng
ly do trn ma vn n hang khng thng khng co chc nng s hu hang hoa.
Vn n hang khng co th do hang hang khng phat hanh, cung co th do
ngi khac khng phai do hang hang khng ban hanh.
Cu 63: Cc hang khng la gi? Trinh bay cac loai cc hang khng
1. inh nghia

Cc hang khng la mc cc cng b trong biu cc hang hoa co hiu lc

vao ngay phat hanh vn n
2. Phn loai
Tn cc
Cc hang bach hoa (General Cargo

inh nghia c im
Loai cc binh thng ap dung cho

Rate GCR)

cac hang bach hoa thng thng vn

chuyn gia hai sn bay ma gia hai
sn bay o khng ap dung loai cc
c bit nao
+ GCN N (normal): ap dung cho
hang hoa co khi lng <45kg
+ GCN Q (quality): ap dung cho
hang hoa co khi lng t 45kg tr
ln, gm nhiu mc cc khac nhau
(45kg, 45-100kg, 100-250kg, 250500kg, 500 1000kg, trn 1000kg)

Cc hang chm
Cc hang c bit (Special

Ap dung cho mt s loai hang hoa c

Commodity Rate SCR)

bit trn nhng chng ng bay nht

Cc hang nhanh

inh
Ap dung cho nhng l hang c gi
gp trong vong 3h k t khi giao hang
cho ngi chuyn ch (thng bng

Cc phn loai hang (Class

130-140%GCR)
Ap dung cho nhng loai hang hoa

Rate/Commodity Classification Rate)

khng co cc ring, thng tinh bng

% cua GCR (suc vt sng: 150% GCR,
hang gia tri cao: 200%GCR, sach, bao,
tap chi, hanh ly gi theo hang, hai ct:

Cc theo nhom

50%GCR)
Ap dung vi nhng khach hang co

hang gi thng xuyn trong cac

container hoc pallet, thng la ngi
Cc thng nht (Unified Cargo Rate)

nhn hoc ai ly hang khng

Ap dung khi hang hoa c chuyn
ch qua nhiu chng khac nhau, ngi
chuyn ch chi ap dung mt loai cc

Cc thu bao may bay

duy nht cho tt ca cac chng

Cc thu bao mt phn hoc toan b

Cc tinh cho moi loai hang (Freight

may bay ch hang

Cc tinh nh nhau cho moi loai hang

All Kind FAK)

xp trong container nu chim trong

Cc ti thiu (Minimum Rate)

lng hoc th tich nh nhau

La mc cc ma nu thp hn th thi
hang hang khng khng coi la kinh t

Cc ULD (ULD Rate)

i vi vic vn chuyn l hang o

Cc tinh cho cac loai hang hoa ong
trong cac ULD theo tiu chun cua
VTHK

CHNG 6: VN CHUYN HANG HA XUT NHP KHU BNG

CONTAINER
Cu 64: Li ich cua vic vn chuyn hang hoa bng container (i vi ngi
gi hang, ngi gom hang, ngi chuyn ch)
1. i vi toan xa hi
- Tng nng sut lao ng
- Giam chi phi san xut xa hi
- Tao thm cng n vic lam
- Tao iu kin ap dung cng ngh cao
- Tng tinh an toan cho lao ng
- Tac ng tich cc ti ngoai thng
2. i vi ngi chuyn ch
- Giam thi gian xp d

- Giam gia thanh, tng li nhun

- Giam khiu nai
- Tng tinh thun tin trong xp d hang hoa, chuyn tai
3. i vi ngi gi hang
- Giam chi phi bao bi
- Giam chi phi giao hang
- Giam thi gian giao hang
- Giam tn tht hang hoa
- Giam chi phi bao him
- Tao iu kin thun li cho thc hin hp ng ngoai thng
4. i vi ngi gom hang
Giam cc phi chuyn ch
Cu 65: Container la gi? Container dc tiu chun hoa nh th nao? Phn loai
container
1. inh nghia
- inh nghia chung: Container la cng cu cha hang, hinh hp ch nht, lam
bng g hoc kim loai, sc cha ln, kich thc tiu chun, dung c nhiu ln
- inh nghia theo ISO: container la cng cu cha hang thoa man
+ Co hinh dang c inh, bn chc s dung c nhiu ln
+ Co cu tao c bit thun tin cho vic chuyn ch hang hoa bng mt hay
nhiu phng tin vn tai, hang hoa khng phai xp d cac cang doc ng
+ Co thit bi ring thun tin cho vic sp xp va thay i t cng cu vn tai
nay sang cng cu vn tai khac
+ Co cu tao c bit thun tin cho vic xp hang vao, d hang ra, bao quan
va sp xp hang hoa trong container
+ Co dung tich bn trong khng it hn 1m3
=> Container khng phai bao bi cha hang
Container la cng cu cha hang c laapjv i cng cu vn tai
2. Tiu chun hoa container
- Ni dung tiu chun hoa

+ Kich thc
+ Trong lng
+ Ca
+ Khoa ca
+ Kt cu goc
- Tiu chun hoa kich thc
+ Serie 1: 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f
Chiu rng = Chiu cao = 8ft
Chiu dai: 40ft, 30ft, 20ft, 10ft, 6.5ft, 4.8ft
+ Serie 2: 2a, 2b, 2c
Chiu cao: 2100mm, chiu rng: 2300mm
Chiu dai: 2920mm, 2400mm, 1450mm
+ 1c = TEU (twenty feet equivalent unit): container dai 20ft, trong tai 20 tn,
dung tich 30,5m3
+ 1a = FEU (forty feet equivalent unit): dai 40ft, trong tai 20 tn, dung tich
61m3
3. Phn loai container
- Cn c theo kich thc
+ Loai nho: trong tai <5MT, dung tich <3m3
+ Loai trung binh: trong tai 5-10MT, dung tich 3-10m3
+ Loai ln: trong tai >10MT, dung tich >10m3
- Cn c vao vt liu ong container
+ Thep
+ Nhm
+ G dan
+ Nha tng hp
- Cn c vao cu truc container
+ Container kin (closed container)
+ Container thanh cao (high cube container)
+ Container m noc (open top container)

+ Container m canh (open side container)

+ Container m noc, m canh (open top, open side container)
+ Container m khung (flat rack container)
+ Container mt phng (platform/flated container)
+ Container thp (half height container)
+ Container ch hang ri, hang kh (bulk container)
+ Container co l thng hi, h thng thng gio (vented/ventilated container)
+ Container cach nhit/co h thng lam lanh/co h thng lam nong (thermal
insulated/refrigerated/heated container)
+ Container dang bn (tank container)
- Cn c cng dung container
+ Container ch hang bach hoa
+ Container c bit
+ Container ch hang kh, hang ri
+ Container ch hang long
+ Container ch hang mau hong
Cu 66: Cac cng cu chuyn ch container va cang, ga, bn bai container
Tau ban

c cai tao t tau ch hang truyn thng, mt phn ch

container (semi

hang, mt phn dung tich ch container

container ship)
Tau ch

Tau chuyn ch container, dung tich 1000-6000 TEU, co

container chuyn

cng cu xp d chuyn dung, container c xp thanh

dung (full

nhiu hang hoc nhiu tng, co th xp c nhiu loai

container ship)

container, tuy phng an xp d

+ Tau RO RO (Roll on/Roll off): ging tau ha ming b
hoc tau pha. Phng an xp d nm ngang, ca hm nm
lai, mui, hoc sn tau. Nhiu hm vi dc nghing. Xp d
s dung xe nng. Tuyn ng ngn thi c inh container
vao khung co banh ln va dung xe mooc keo ln, keo xung
+ Tau LO LO (Lift on/Lift off): phng an xp d thng

ng. Co mt boong va nhiu hm vi vach ngn nn con

goi la tau kiu t ong. Container co th c xp thanh 6
tng trong hm. Boong co th xp 40% container mt cach
an toan. Khng co cng cu xp d chuyn dung ma dung
cng cu cua cang
+ Tau ch xa lan (LASH- Lighter abroad ship): co cu tao
c bit. Phng an xp d chim ni hoc thng thng.
Ch xa lan y hang hoc y container. Mi tau ch c
7-15 xa lan. Mi xa lan ch 350 1000MT. Sau khi xa lan
c d khoi tau thi t hanh hoc c keo ln, y va tin
Tau ch hang

hanh xp d hang hoa binh thng

Co th xp t 10 15 container, co thit bi xp d, chng

bach hoa

container, container thng c xp trn boong

(Convertible
container ship)
2. Cng cu xp d
- Cn c vao cu truc b phn di chuyn: di chuyn bng banh hi va di chuyn
trn ng ray
- Cn c cng dung
+ Nhom cng cu xp d hang hoa ln xung tau: cn cu gian, cn cu di ng
trn banh hi
+ Nhom cng cu vn chuyn hang hoa vao bai container: u keo chuyn dung
vn chuyn, cn cu khung
+ Nhom thit bi hoat ng trn bai: xe nng hang chuyn dung, cn cu di ng
trn ng ray
3. Cang, ga, bn container
- Hin nay cac cang hang truyn thng ang c cai tao thanh bn container.
Hai b phn quan trong cua bn container la bai container va tram ong hang le
- Cu cang (wharf): ni tau xp d hang
- Thm bn (apron): lp t cu cang
- Bai ch container (C.stacking yard): ni lu tr container ch xp ln tau

- Bai container (container yard - CY): ni lu tr, tip nhn container va giao
nhn hang nguyn. Co din tich kha ln, tip giap va din tich phu thuc chiu
dai bn container
- Tram ng hang le (container freight station - CFS): ni giao nhn hang le
- Tram container (container deport)/ cang thng quan ni ia (Inland clearance
deport - ICD): ni giao nhn, sa cha, lu tr container ng b
Cu 67: Phng thc giao hang nguyn container FCL/FCL
1. Khai nim
- Hang nguyn la nhng l hang u ln, u ong vao mt hay nhiu container
- Nhn nguyn, giao nguyn la vic ngi chuyn ch nhn nguyn container t
ngi gi hang ni i va giao nguyn container cho ngi nhn ni n =>
1 ngi gi, 1 ngi nhn
- Nu giao nhn tai CY, trn B/L ghi CY/CY => trach nhim cua ngi chuyn
ch t bai container n bai container
2. Quy trinh
- Chu hang ong hang vao container tai kho ring/bai container (CY), container
c nim phong kep chi
- Chu hang/cng ty giao nhn vn chuyn container n CY cang i, giao cho
ngi vn chuyn ch xp ln tau, nhn B/L
- Ngi chuyn ch xp container ln tau, vn chuyn n cang n
- Tai cang n, ngi chuyn ch d container ra khoi tau va vn chuyn v CY
- Ngi chuyn ch giao container cho ngi nhn hang/cng ty giao nhn tai
CY cang n
3. Trach nhim ngi tham gia
- Trach nhim ngi gi hang
+ Thu va vn chuyn container rng v kho
+ ong hang vao container
+ anh ky ma hiu va ky hin chuyn ch
+ Lam thu tuc hai quan va nim phong kep chi theo quy ch xut khu
+ Vn chuyn container va giao cho ngi chuyn ch tai CY, nhn B/L

+ Chiu cac trach chi phi lin quan

- Trach nhim cua ngi chuyn ch
+ Nhn container a kep chi tai CY cang i
+ Phat hanh B/L
+ Quan ly, chm soc, gi hang hoa xp trong container
+ Bc container t CY xung tau chuyn ch
+ D container ln CY cang ich
+ Giao container cho ngi nhn co B/L hp l
+ Chiu cac chi phi lin quan
- Trach nhim ngi nhn hang
+ Thu xp giy t nhp khu va lam thu tuc hai quan cho hang hoa
+ Xut trinh B/L hp l nhn hang vi ngi chuyn ch
+ Vn chuyn container v kho bai cua minh, d hang ra khoi container di s
giam sat cua hai quan
+ Hoan tra container rng cho ngi chuyn ch hoc ai ly thu container
+ Chiu cac chi phi lin quan
Cu 68: Phng thc gi hang le container LCL/LCL
1. Khai nim
- Hang le la nhng l hang nho, khng u ong vao mt container
- Nhn le giao le la vic ngi chuyn ch nhn le hang hoa t nhiu chu hang
va giao le hang hoa cho nhiu chu hang (nhiu ngi giao, nhiu ngi nhn)
- Nu giao nhn hang hoa tai CFS, trn B/L ghi CFS/CFS => trach nhim cua
ngi chuyn ch t tram giao nhn hang le ti tram giao nhn hang le
2. Quy trinh
- Ngi chuyn ch nhn nhiu l hang cua nhiu chu hang le gi cho nhiu
ngi nhn le tai CFS, cp B/L hp l
- ong nhiu l hang le vao cung container, nim phong kep chi
- Ngi chuyn ch xp container ln tau vn chuyn n ni n
- Ngi chuyn ch d container khoi tau, vn chuyn container v CFS cang
n

- Ngi chuyn ch d hang ra khoi container, giao cho cac ngi nhn hang le
trn c s xut trinh B/L
3. Trach nhim cua ngi tham gia
- Trach nhim cua ngi gi hang
+ Vn chuyn hang hoa t ni cha hang trong ni ia n giao hang cho ngi
chuyn ch tai CFS
+ Lam thu tuc hai quan cho hang hoa
+ Nhn vn n va tra cc hang le
- Trach nhim cua ngi chuyn ch
+ Nhn cac l hang le tai CFS va phat hanh vn n hang le cho cac chu hang
+ Sau khi gom u hang thi phai ong hang vao container va nim phong kep chi
+ Vn chuyn container ra cang xp ln tau chuyn ch n cang n
+ D hang ra khoi tau tai cang n va vn chuyn v CFS cua minh
+ D hang ra khoi CFS, giao cho cac chu hang le va thu hi vn n
- Trach nhim cua ngi nhn hang
+ Thu xp giy phep nhp khu va lam thu tuc hai quan cho l hang
+ Xut trinh vn n hp l nhn hang
+ Tra cac chi phi lin quan va vn chuyn hang hoa v kho cua minh
Cu 70: Khai nim cc phi vn chuyn container, cac b phn cu thanh va cac
yu t anh hng
1. inh nghia
Cc phi container la s tin chu hang phai tra cho ngi chuyn ch v vic
vn chuyn container t ni i ti ni n
2. Cac b phn cu thanh cc
- Cc chinh (basic ocean freight): cc phi trn chng vn tai chinh
- Cc phu (feeder freight): cc phi trn chng vn tai phu
- Cac phu phi: khoan phai tra ngoai tin cc
+ Chi phi bn bai (Terminal handling charge THC)
+ Chi phi dich vu hang le (LCL service charge)
+ Chi phi vn chuyn ni ia (Inland haulage charge)

+ Phu phi nng ln, t xung, di chuyn, sp xp container trong kho bai (up
and down, removed charge)
+ Tin phat ong container (demurrage)
+ Phu phi gia xng du tng (bunker adjustment factor CAF)
+ Phu phi vn n (B/L fee)
3. Cac yu t anh hng ti cc
- C va loai container
- Loai hang hoa chuyn ch
- Mc s dung trong tai container
- Chiu dai va c im tuyn ng vn chuyn
4. Cac loai cc phi
- Cc cho tt ca cac loai hang (Freight all kind FAK): tinh cc nh nhau cho
moi loai hang hoa xp bn trong container nu chim trong lng hoc th tich
nh nhau
- Cc phn loai hang (Commodity box rate CBR): cac mt hang khac nhau
thi cc phi khac nhau
+ n vi tinh: TEU
+ Mc cc cn c vao kha nng chuyn ch trung binh cua container
+ Chi ap dung i vi mt s mt hang trn mt s tuyn ng nht inh
- Cc hang le
- Cc ap dung cho hp ng chuyn ch hang hoa co khi lng ln trong mt
thi gian (Time Volume Contract TVC)
- Tr cp, thng khuyn khich
Cu 71: Chng t trong vn chuyn hang hoa bng container? Phn loai va chc
nng
1. FCL/FCL
La vn n gi hang nguyn, do ngi chuyn ch cp cho ngi gi hang sau
khi a nhn hang xp
2. LCL/LCL

- Nu vic chuyn ch do ngi chuyn ch thc t am nhim: ngi chuyn

ch se cp cho chu hang vn n gi hang le, co chc nng nh vn n trong
cach gi hang nguyn
- Nu ngi thu chuyn ch va ngi thc t chuyn ch khac nhau
+ Vn n gom hang (House B/L): do ngi thu chuyn ch cp cho cac chu
hang le. Co th dung trong thanh toan, mua ban hang hoa nhng co th khng
c chp nhn thanh toan nu L/C quy inh khac
+ Vn n thc (Master B/L): do ngi chuyn ch thc t cp cho ngi gom
hang khi nhn container, ging nh cp B/L trong giao hang nguyn. Chi dung
trong iu chinh quan h phap ly va giao nhn gia ngi gom va ngi chuyn
ch, khng dung trong thanh toan
Cu 72: Trinh bay trach nhim cua ngi chuyn ch container i vi hang hoa
1. Pham vi trach nhim
- Hague: t moc cu n moc cu
- Hamburg: t khi nhn n khi giao
- Phu hp hn vi Hamburg vi t bai container n bai container
2. Xp hang trn boong
- Hague Visby: xp hang trong hm, chi xp trn boong trong trng hp c
bit va a co thoa thun vi chu hang
- Quc t chi chp nhn ngi chuyn ch container xp container ln boong vi
tau chuyn ch container co cu truc phu hp chuyn ch container trn
boong mt cach an toan
3. iu khoan khng bit tinh trang hang hoa bn trong container
FCL/FCL: ngi gi ong hang nim phong kep chi
Quy inh nh vy khng phai chiu trach nhim vi hang hoa tai ni n nu
container con nguyn nim phong kep chi
4. Gii han trach nhim
* Nu k khai thi bi thng theo k khai
* Nu khng k khai
- Hague: 100GBP/kin hoc n vi

- Hague Visby: 10000Fr vang/kin, n vi hoc 30Fr vang/kg hang hoa ca bi.
Hang trong container bi thng theo i vi co k khai hoc khng k khai thi
coi ca container la n vi bi thng
- SDR: 666,67SDR/kin, n vi hoc 2SDR/kg hang hoa ca bi. Hang hoa trong
container ging Visby
- Hamburg: 835 SDR/kin, n vi hoc 2,5SDR/kg
12500mu/kin, n vi hoc 37,5mu/kg
Hang chm giao thi bi thng 2,5 cc phn hang chm giao, khng ln hn
tng cc. Hang trong container thi ging Visby, b sung vic tinh vo container
la mt n vi bi thng nu vo khng thuc ngi chuyn ch
- BLHH VN: gii han ging SDR, chm giao ging Hamburg, hang trong
container ging Visby
Cu 73: Dich vu gom hang la gi va li ich cua no. Trach nhim va vai tro cua
ngi gom hang
1. inh nghia
Gom hang la vic tp hp nhng l hang nho, le t nhiu ngi gi cung mt
ni i hinh thanh nn nhng l hang nguyn giao cho mt hoc nhiu
ngi nhn ni n
2. Li ich
- i vi ngi xut khu
+ Giam cc phi chuyn ch
+ Co th c cung cp dich vu door-to-door trong khi cac hang tau thi khng
cung cp
+ Thun tin hn khi lam vic vi 1 ngi gom hang
- i vi ngi chuyn ch
+ Tit kim c giy t, chi phi, thi gian
+ Tn dung c cng sut cua phng tin vn tai
+ Khng s tht thu cc
- i vi ngi gom hang
+ Hng khoan tin chnh lch

+ Hng gia cc u ai
3. Trach nhim va vai tro cua ngi gom hang
- La ngi chuyn ch nu trn B/L ghi as carrier hoc cp vn n FBL. Khi
o la ngi chuyn ch theo hp ng va phai chiu trach nhim v hang hoa t
luc nhn n khi giao hang hoa tai CFS
- La ai ly cua ngi chuyn ch nu trn House B/L ghi as agent
Cu 74: Dich vu gom hang la gi? Cac bc trong nghip vu gom hang
- Gom hang la vic tp hp nhng l hang nho, le t nhiu ngi gi cung mt
ni i hinh thanh nn nhng l hang nguyn giao cho mt ho nhiu ngi
nhn ni n
- Quy trinh
+ Ngi gom hang nhn cac l hang le tai CFS va cp vn n gom hang
(House B/L)
+ Ngi gom hang tp hp thanh nhng l hang nguyn va ong vao container
tai CFS
+ Gi cho ngi chuyn ch va nhn vn n chu (Master B/L)
+ ai ly cua ngi gom hang tai ni n xut trinh vn n chu vi ngi
chuyn ch, nhn container va a v CFS
+ D hang ra va giao cho cac chu hang le trn c s xut trinh vn n gom
hang
Cu 75: Phn bit Master B/L va House B/L
Ngi cp
Ngi

House B/L
Ngi gom hang
Ngi gi hang

Master B/L
Ngi chuyn ch
Ngi gom hang

nhn
Cp khi

Nhn hang cua chu hang le

Nhn container t ngi gom

nao
Chc nng

hang
Thanh toan nhng khng c Khng thanh toan c, chi iu
sai khac so vi ni dung L/C

chinh quan h phap ly va giao

nhn gia ngi gom va ngi
chuyn ch

Cu 76: Tai sao khi gi hang bng container nn thay cac iu kin Incoterms
CIF. FOB, CFR bng cac iu kin CIP. FCA, CPT
- Ni giao hang khng phu hp
- Ranh gii giao hang khng con y nghia
- Vn n nhn c thng la vn n nhn hang xp, do vy ngi ban se
bi coi nh cha hoan thanh nghia vu giao hang, co th khng c ngi mua
va ngn hang thanh toan
Cu 77: Nhc im cua h thng vn tai container
- Vn u t ln
- Han ch v mt ia ly
- Han ch v chung loai hang hoa
- Han ch trong giao nhn hai chiu
CHNG 7: VN CHUYN HANG HA XUT NHP KHU BNG VN
TAI A PHNG THC
Cu 78: inh nghia va c im VTPT
1. inh nghia
- inh nghia cua LHQ (C 1980): la vic chuyn ch hang hoa bng it nht hai
phng tin vn tai, trn c s mt hp ng vn tai t mt ni nm tai mt
nc tai o ngi kinh doanh vn tai a phng thc (MTO) nhn trach nhim
v hang hoa cho ti khi giao hang cho ngi nhn tai mt ia im nc khac
- Nghi inh 87/2009/N CP: vn tai a phng thc la vic vn chuyn hang
hoa bng it nht hai phng thc vn tai khac nhau trn c s hp ng vn tai
a phng thc
2. c im
- t nht hai phng thc vn tai khac nhau
- Da trn mt chng t VTPT
- Mt ngi chiu trach nhim vi hang hoa
- Ni nhn hang ch, ni giao hang nhng nc khac nhau
- Hang hoa thng c chuyn ch trong container, pallet,
Cu 79: Cac hinh thc t chc VTPT

1. M hinh VTPT kt hp hang khng

- Hang khng bin: tc nhanh cua VTHK + cc phi re cua vn tai bin, ap
dung cho hang hoa thi vu va hang hoa gia tri cao, thng chuyn ch gia Vin
ng va Chu u
- Hang khng st: cac nc phat trin
- Hang khng Oto: dich vu pickup va deliver, ap dung nhiu chu u va
chu My, phuc vu chuyn bay qua Thai Binh Dng, ai Ty Dng va ni lin
luc ia
2. M hinh ng st oto
- Xe romooc st xe romooc
- Kt hp an toan cua ng st + linh hoat ng b
- Phu hp phat trin bn vng trong tng lai
- Ap dung nhiu Chu u, chu My
3. M hinh bin oto/st/sng
- Ph bin trong bun ban quc t
- Hang hoa c chuyn ch bng ng thuy ni ia/st/oto bin thuy ni
ia/st/oto
- Khng gp rut v thi gian
4. M hinh cu luc ia
- Theo h thng nay hang hoa c chuyn ch gia hai vung bin va i qua
mt luc ia, c coi la cu ni hai vung bin. Nghia la: ng bin ng b
- ng bin
- Tac dung: rut ngn quang ng, giam thi gian
- Hai tuyn cu luc ia ln trn th gii
+ M hinh cu luc ia xuyn My
+ M hinh cu luc ia xuyn Siberia
Cu 80: Vn tai a phng thc la gi? Hiu qua cua VTPT
- Vn tai a phng thc la vic vn chuyn hang hoa bng it nht hai phng
thc vn tai khac nhau trn c s hp ng vn tai a phng thc (Nghi inh
87/2009/N CP)

- Hiu qua
+ Mt u mi vn chuyn duy nht MTO
+ Giam chi phi
+ Giam thi gian
+ n gian hoa thu tuc va chng t
Cu 81: Nu cac ngun lut iu chinh vn tai a phng thc trn th gii va
Vit Nam
1. Trn th gii
- Cng c cua LHQ v chuyn ch hang hoa bng VTPT quc t 1980, cha
co hiu lc do cha u s nc ph chun
- Ban quy tc cua ICC va UNCTAD v chng t vn tai a phng thc, n
phm s 481 co hiu lc 1/1/1992 c cac nc ap dung tuy y
2. Vit Nam
- Nghi inh 87/2002/N-CP v vn tai a phng thc
- Cac vn ban lut co lin quan v phng thc vn tai khac: lut ng b, B
lut Hang hai 2005
Cu 82: inh nghia va phn loai MTO
1. inh nghia
- B quy tc ICC va UNCTAD: MTO la bt ky ngi nao ky kt va chiu trach
nhim thc hin hp ng vn tai a phng thc nh la ngi chuyn ch
- Nghi inh 87/2002/N-CP: MTO la doanh nghip hoc hp tac xa giao kt va
t minh chiu trach nhim thc hin hp ng vn tai a phng thc
2. Phn loai
- MTO co tau (Vessel Operating Multimodal Transport Operators): s hu tau va
mun m rng hoat ng door-to-door ch khng gii han port-to-port, thng
khng co phng thc vn tai khac
- MTO khng co tau (Non Vessel Operating MTO)
+ S hu phng tin vn tai khac hoc kinh doanh dich vu khac mun tham gia
kinh doanh dich vu ca ca
+ MTO la ngi giao nhn, ai ly, mun m rng hoat ng

Cu 83: Ch trach nhim thng nht la gi? Phn bit ch trach nhim
thng nht va ch trach nhim tng chng
1. inh nghia
Ch trach nhim thng nht la che trach nhim chung ap dung cho moi
phng thc cac chng trong hanh trinh vn tai nhiu chng. Khi o chi co
mt c s trach nhim, mt thi han trach nhim va mt gii han trach nhim
c ap dung
2. Phn bit
- Ch trach nhim thng nht: mt ch trach nhim cho moi chng
- Ch trach nhim tng chng: phng thc nao ap dung ch o trach nhim
cua phng thc o. Nu xay ra tn tht thi
+ Xac inh c tn tht chng nao se ap dung ch trach nhim chng o
+ Khng xac inh c thi phai quy inh trong hp ng ro la se ap dung ch
trach nhim phng thc nao, theo quy tc, lut l nao,
Cu 84: Quy inh c s, thi han va gii han trach nhim cua MTO
Cng c 1980

Ban quy tc

Nghi inh 87

Tng

LHQ
MTO phai chiu moi trach nhim v thit hai do mt mat, h hong,

quan

chm giao hang hoa kh hang hoa con thuc trach nhim cua
MTO. Tr khi MTO chng minh c anh ta cung nh ai ly,
ngi lam cng a ap dung moi bin phap cn thit ngn chn
thit hai xay ra va han ch hu qua thit hai
- Hang bi coi la chm giao kh hang khng c giao trong thi
han quy inh hoc trong thi han hp ly ma mt MTO cn mn
phai giao, co tinh n hoan canh s vic
- Hang bi coi la mt mat nu khng c giao trong vong 90 ngay

Trach

sau thi han trn

MTO phai chiu trach nhim v li, s sut cua ai ly, ngi lam

nhim

cng kh ang hoat ng trong pham vi nhim vu cua minh. MTO

phai chiu trach nhim v li, s sut cua ngi ma MTO thu
dich vu thc hin hp ng VTPT

Min

- Li hang vn,

- n ty hoc tinh cht t

trach

nu co chng i

nhin vn co cua hang

bin

hoa

- Chay khng do

- Bt kha khang

c y trong i bin

- inh cng, b xng,

bi ngn chn s dung
mt phn hoc toan b
nhn cng
- ong goi, ke ky ma
hiu khng phu hp,
khng ung quy cach
- Giao nhn, xp d hang
hoa di hm tau do chu
hang hoc ai din thc
hin
- Li cua chu hang hoc
ai din
- Nu co chng i bin
+ Chay tr khi c y
+ Li hang vn

Thi

T khi nhn ti khi giao

han
trach
nhim
Gii

- 920SDR/n vi, - 666,67SDR/n

- 666,67SDR/n vi,

han

kin hang hoa

kin hoc 2SDR/kg hang

trach

hoc 2,75SDR/kg 2SDR/kg hang

hoa ca bi

nhim

hang hoa ca bi

hoa ca bi

- Nu khng co chng

- Nu khng co

- Nu khng co

vn tai thuy la

chng vn tai

chng vn tai thuy 8,33SDR/kg

thuy la

la 8,33SDR/kg

vi, kin hoc

8,33SDR/kg
- Hang ong trong container: nu k khai s kin hang bn trong
thi bi thng theo s k khai. Nu khng thi coi ca container la
mt n vi bi thng
- Nu container khng do MTO cung cp thi ban thn container bi
mt coi nh mt n vi bi thng
- Chm giao: 2,5 ln tin cc phn hang chm giao nhng khng
c vt qua tng tin cc chuyn ch
- Nu mt chng nao o phai ap dung lut quc gia hoc cng
c quc t ma lut hoc cng c o quy inh gii han trach
nhim cao hn thi ap dung gii han trach nhim o
- Nu tn tht la do c y se bi mt quyn hng gii han trach
nhim
Cu 88: Quy inh v thng bao tn tht va khiu nai MTO
1. Thng bao tn tht
- Tn tht ro rt: thng bao bng vn ban, khng mun hn ngay lam vic sau
ngay giao hang
- Tn tht khng ro rt: thng bao trong vong 6 ngay lin tuc sau khi hang hoa
c giao
- Nu tai thi im giao hang, hai bn a kim tra va giam inh tinh trang hang
hoa thi khng cn thng bao bng vn ban na
- Chm giao hang: thng bao bng vn ban trong vong 60 ngay lin tuc sau ngay
hang c giao
2. Khiu nai
- Cng c 1980: 6 thang t ngay hang hoa c giao hoc le ra phai c giao
- Ban quy tc: 9 thang
- N 87: 90 ngay
Cu 89: inh nghia, cac loai chng t trong VTPT
1. inh nghia

- Cng c 1980: Chng t vn tai a phng thc la bng chng cua mt hp

ng vn tai a phng thc, xac nhn vic nhn hang ch cua MTO va cam
kt giao hang cho ngi nhn ung theo iu kin, iu khoan trong hp ng
- N 87: Chng t vn tai a phng thc la bng chng cua mt hp ng vn
tai a phng thc a c ky kt, xac nhn a nhn hang ch va cam kt
giao hang ung iu kin trong hp ng
2. Cac loai chng t vn tai
- FBL (FIATA Negotiate Multimodal Transport B/L)
+ Soan thao bi FIATA dung cho ngi giao nhn ng thi la MTO
+ La mt trong hai loai dung ph bin nht trong hp ng vn tai a phng
thc hin nay, thng dung trong vn tai bin
+ Khi cp FBL phai chiu trach nhim thc hin hp ng va trach nhim do li
cua ngi th ba ma MTO s dung dich vu
+ c chp nhn thanh toan, co th lu thng
- COMBIDOC: soan thao bi BIMCO, dung ph bin vi MTO co tau, a c
ICC thng qua
- MULTIDOC: soan thao bi UNCTAD trn c s Cng c 1980 nhng it
dung
- Combined Transport B/L, B/L for combined transport shipment, port to
port shipment: do cac hang tau cp, la mt trong hai loai c s dung rng rai
nht trong VTPT, dung c ca trong vn tai bin
Cu 90: u nhc im cua VTPT
1. u im
- Cung cp dich vu door to door ap dung cng ngh cao v vn tai va thng
tin
- Giam chi phi
- Giam thi gian
- n gian hoa thu tuc va chng t
- Mt u mi duy nht
2. Nhc im

- Vic t chc chuyn ch phc tap

- Cha co lut l iu chinh thng nht
CHNG 8: GIAO NHN HANG HA XUT NHP KHU
Cu 91: Khai nim giao nhn va ngi giao nhn
1. inh nghia
- Quy tc mu cua FIATA v dich vu giao nhn inh nghia: Dich vu giao nhn la
bt ky dich vu nao lin quan n vn chuyn, gom hang, lu kho, ong goi, bc
xp, phn phi hang hoa cung nh cac dich vu t vn va co lin quan khac, k
ca hai quan, tai chinh, bao him, thanh toan va thu thp cac chng t co lin
quan n hang hoa
- Lut TM 1997: Giao nhn la hoat ng thng mai, theo o ngi lam dich vu
giao nhn nhn hang hoa, t chc vn chuyn, lu kho, lu bai va lam cac dich
vu co lin quan khac giao hang cho ngi nhn theo s uy thac cua ngi
gi, ngi vn tai hoc ngi giao nhn khac
2. Ngi giao nhn
Lut TM 1997: Ngi giao nhn la thng nhn co giy chng nhn ng ky
dich vu giao nhn
Cu 92: Pham vi cua dich vu giao nhn
* Nu ngi gi hoc ngi nhn khng tham gia vao khu nao o cua qua trinh
giao nhn, dich vu cua ngi giao nhn bao gm
- Chun bi hang hoa chuyn ch
- Gom hang, la chon tuyn ng vn tai, phng thc vn tai va ngi
chuyn ch thich hp
- Lu kho, bao quan hang hoa
- ong goi bao bi, phn loai va tai ch hang hoa
- Lam thu tuc hai quan, kim nghim, kim dich
- Mua bao him cho hang hoa
- Nhn hang t ngi gi va giao cho ngi chuyn ch
- Nhn hang t ngi chuyn ch va giao cho ngi nhn
- T chc xp d hang hoa

- T chc chuyn ch hang hoa trong pham vi ga, cang

- Lp chng t cn thit cho gi hang, nhn hang
- Ky hp ng vn tai vi ngi chuyn ch, thu tau, lu cc
- Lam thu tuc gi hang, nhn hang
- Lam t vn cho chu hang trong vic chuyn ch hang hoa
- Nhn va kim tra cac chng t cn thit lin quan n s vn ng cua hang
hoa
- Thu xp chuyn tai
- Thanh toan cc phi, chi phi xp d, chi phi lu kho bai
- Thng bao tinh hinh i, n cua phng tin vn tai
- Thanh toan, thu i ngoai t
- Thng bao tn tht vi ngi chuyn ch
- Giup chu hang trong vic oi bi thng
* Tom tt ni dung dich vu giao nhn
- Cac dich vu t vn v ong goi, tuyn ng, bao him, thu tuc hai quan,
chng t vn tai, ni dung L/C
- T chc chuyn ch hang xut nhp khu, hang qua canh, hang c bit va
hang cng trinh
+ Hang xut khu: nhn hang, ong goi, ke ma hiu, lu cc tau ch, cp
chng t vn tai, giam sat giao thng, thng bao giao hang cho khach hang, lam
thu tuc hai quan
+ Hang nhp khu: d hang khoi phng tin vn tai, d hang gom, khai bao hai
quan
+ Hang qua canh: ly mu hang, lu kho hai quan, vn tai chuyn tip
Cu 93: Vai tro cua ngi giao nhn
- Mi gii hai quan (customs broker): lam thu tuc hai quan cho hang hoa
- ai ly (agent)
+ Nhn hang t chu hang chuyn ch, hoat ng vi li ich cua chu hang, la
cu ni trung gian gia ngi gi va ngi vn tai, ngi ban va ngi mua,
ngi vn tai va ngi nhn

+ Hng hoa hng va khng chiu trach nhim v hang hoa cung nh trach
nhim do hanh vi cua ngi lam cho minh va chu hang, chi chiu trach nhim do
hanh vi cua chinh minh
- Lo vic chuyn tai va vn chuyn hang qua canh i tip (transhipment and on
carriage)
- Lu kho hang hoa (warehousing)
- Ngi gom hang (cargo consolidator)
- Ngi chuyn ch (carrier)
- Ngi kinh doanh vn tai a phng thc MTO: cung cp cac dich vu door-todoor, chiu trach nhim sut hanh trinh chuyn ch nh MTO
Cu 94: C s phap ly giao nhn hang hoa XNK
- Ban mu iu kin kinh doanh cua FIATA
+ Soan thao cac nc tham khao, xy dng lut l v dich vu giao nhn cua
nc minh
+ Thng c cac Hip hi thanh vin ly lam tiu chun va thng qua cho cac
thanh vin Hip hi lam cn c quy inh hp ng hoc inh km hp ng
vi khach hang
+ Thng c xy dng phu hp vi tp quan thng mai hoc lut l cua
tng nc
- Cac vn ban co lin quan: hp ng mua ban ngoai thng, Incoterms, ni
dung L/C, quy inh cua cac phng thc vn tai lin quan
- VN: Lut TM 2005, B Lut hang hai 2005. Lut Hai quan ,
Cu 96: Quy trinh giao hang XK
1. Chun bi hang hoa, nm tinh hinh tau
- Nghin cu ky hp ng, L/C xem ngi mua a tra tin hoc m L/C cha
- Chun bi giy t lam thu tuc hai quan
- Nm tinh hinh tau, tin hanh lu cc, ng ky chuyn tau
- Lp danh sach hang a cho hang tau, yu cu ln giao vo container rng cua
hang tau
- Khai t khai hai quan va np h s hai quan

2. Kim nghim, kim dich, giam inh, kim hoa va tinh thu
- Xin kim nghim, kim dich, giam inh nu cn va ly giy chng nhn, bin
ban giam inh cn thit
- Hai quan kim tra hang hoa
- Hai quan tinh thu, ra thng bao np thu. Chu hang np thu va hoan thanh
thu tuc hai quan
3. Giao hang cho tau
* Giao container FCL/FCL
- Chu hang lp booking note, giao cho hang tau ch xin ch ky va cargo list
- Hang tau ky booking note, a cho chu hang lnh giao vo container xp
hang cung nh packing list va nim phong
- Chu hang vn chuyn container v bai ring va xp hang vao container
- Chu hang mang container hoc hang hoa ra cang lam thu tuc hai quan
- Chu hang giao packing list cho phong thng vu cua cang lam thu tuc ng
ky ha bai container, lp hng dn xp hang trn c s o lp B/L
- Chu hang vn chuyn container vao bai, tin hanh ha bai container, np phi.
Hai quan ong du xac nhn thi chu tau coi nh a hoan thanh nghia vu giao
hang va co th nhn B/L
- Hang tau lp danh sach hang xut khu, s xp hang, thng bao cho cang
thi gian xp hang cang chun bi phng tin va lao ng
- Cang xp hang ln tau. Can b giao nhn lin lac vi hang tau xac nhn B/L
nhn xp va se co B/L a xp
* Giao container LCL/LCL
- Chu hang lp cargo list giao cho ngi giao nhn hoc hang tau. Sau khi chp
nhn hang tau hoc ngi giao nhn se hen chu hang thi gian va ia im giao
hang
- Chu hang vn chuyn hang ra cang kim tra hang hoa, lam thu tuc hai quan
va giao cho ngi chuyn ch nhn B/L, hoc giao cho ngi giao nhn tai
CFS, ICD nhn House B/L. Nu chu hang yu cu House B/L co th c

ong du Surrendered va ngi giao nhn se lin h vi ai ly cua minh tai

cang n ai ly giao hang cho ngi nhn ma khng cn xut trinh B/L gc
- Ngi chuyn ch xp hang vao container xp ln tau. Ngi giao nhn
ong hang vao container ri giao cho ngi chuyn ch nhn Master B/L
- Than ly thanh khoan t khai hai quan
* Giao cac loai hang ri khac: co th do chu hang giao cho tau hoc uy thac
cang giao cho tau hoc giao hang cho bn th ba (chu hang, tau va cang) nh
sau:
- Vn chuyn hang hhoas t kho cang, lp lnh xp hang, n inh s mang xp,
b tri xe, cng nhn va ngi ap tai nu cn thit
- Bc va giao hang cho tau. Cng nhn cua cang tin hanh di s giam sat cua
hai quan. Trong qua trinh bc hang, ngi kim m cua cang phai ghi vao bin
ban kim m, bin ban kim m theo ngay, bin ban kim m cui cung.
Ngi kim m cua tau cung in vao tally sheet
- Da vao tally sheet, cang se lp Bang tng kt xp hang ln tau, ky xac nhn
cung tau lam cn c lp B/L
- Nhn bin lai thuyn pho, lp B/L
- Thng bao giao hang va mua bao him cho hang hoa nu cn
4. Lp b chng t thanh toan
5. Thanh toan cac chi phi cn thit
Cu 97: Quy trinh nhn hang NK
1. Chun bi hang hoa nhp khu
- Kim tra lai vic tra tin, m L/C
- Nm tinh hinh tau, lam thu tuc hai quan cho hang hoa
- Nhn cac giy t: NOR, thng bao tau n, B/L va cac chng t cn thit
2. Nhn hang t cang hoc tau
* Nhn hang nguyn FCL/FCL
- Nhn c thng bao hang n, chu hang mang B/L gc, giy gii thiu n
c quan hang tau nhn D/O va np l phi

- Chu hang mang D/O, bin lai np phi, b chng t nhn hang n Vn phong
quan ly cang ly xac nhn vao D/O. ng thi, mang mt ban D/O n hai
quan giam sat cang i chiu vi lc khai hang hoa
- Ngi giao nhn tim trong bai vi tri container
- Ngi giao nhn mang 2 ban D/O a co xac nhn cua hang tau, ghi ro phng
thc giao hang (giao hang nguyn hay rut rut) n b phn kho vn ly
phiu xut kho
- Sau khi np l phi, ngi giao nhn ti phong thng vu cua cang nhn phiu
vn chuyn chun bi nhn hang
+ Nu nhn nguyn thi phai co giy cho mn container. Container c xp ln
phng tin vn tai vn chuyn
+ Nu rut rut thi phai co lnh iu ng cng nhn d hang, hang hoa c d
khoi container va xp ln cng cu vn chuyn
* Nhn hang le LCL/LCL
- Chu hang mang B/L gc hoc House B/L n hang tau hoc ai ly ngi gom
hang nhn D/O
- Mang D/O ti thu kho nhn phiu xut kho
- Mang chng t ti nhn hang tai kho CFS
* Hang khac: hang nguyn tau, nguyn hm, hang ri. Co th nhn hang t
cang, t tau hoc tay ba
- Trc khi nhn hang, phai giao nhng chng t cn thit cho cang va c quan
chc nng lam cac thu tuc cn thit va b tri ngi, cng cu d hang
- Kim tra hm tau. Nu tinh trang xu thi lp bin ban hai bn cng ty cung
ky. Nu ai din tau khng ky thi lp bin ban giam inh
- D hang bng cn cu cua cang hoc tau, nhn vin kim m in vao phiu
kim kin
- Hang c xp ln t vn chuyn v kho
- Ht mi ca, cang va ai din cung ky vao phiu kim kin
- Cang lp bin ban kt toan hang vi tau, co ch ky 3 bn

- Lp cac chng t cn thit trong luc nhn hang khac: bin ban hang thiu, bin
ban d hang, bin ban giam inh
- Nu nhn nguyn hm, tau thi co th giao nhn tay ba
- Nu nhn hang ri thi chu hang phai ly c D/O, xac nhn D/O tai vn
phong quan ly cang. Ngi giao nhn mang hai D/O ti kho, tim vi tri hang va
ly phiu xut kho
3. Lam thu tuc hai quan
4. Thanh toan cac chi phi cho cang sau khi nhn hang
Cu 98: Giao nhn hang hoa vn tai hang khng
* Quy trinh giao hang xut khu
- Lu cc vi hang hang khng hoc ngi chuyn ch: in booking note
theo mu cua hang hang khng
- Vn chuyn, ong goi, giao hang cho hang hang khng: chun bi cac giy t
cn thit, ke ma hiu, ong goi, dan nhan hiu; lam thu tuc hai quan; lp phiu
cn hang hoa; giao hang cho hang hang khng
- Lp AWB
- Thng bao cho ngi nhn v vic gi hang
- Lp b chng t thanh toan va thanh toan cac khoan cn thit
* Quy trinh nhn hang nhp khu
- Nhn cac chng t can thit, giy t t hang hang khng
- Nhn hang tai sn bay: mang CMT, giy gii thiu i nhn hang tai sn bay.
Nu co tn tht, lp bin ban co xac nhn cua kho khiu nai sau nay
- Lam thu tuc hai quan: h s gm AWB ban gc 2, packing list, commercial
invoice
- Thanh toan cac khoan khac va a hang ra khoi sn bay
Cu 99: Thng bao tn tht va khiu nai ngi chuyn ch trong qua trinh vn
tai hang hoa
Thng

** Vn tai ng bin (Hague, Hague Visby, Hamburg)

- Nu tn tht ro rt, nhin thy bng mt thng

bao tn

Thng bao bng bin ban hang tn tht: COR

tht

+ Hague va Hague Visby: COR phai c lp trc va vao luc giao

hang
+ Hamburg: COR phai c lp khng mun hn ngay sau ngay giao
hang cho ngi nhn
- Nu tn tht khng ro rt
Thng bao bng th d khang: LOR
+ Hague va Hague Visby: thng bao trong vong 3 ngay t khi nhn
hang
+ Hamburg: thng bao trong vong 15 ngay t khi nhn hang
- i vi hang chm giao: thng bao trong vong 15 ngay t khi nhn

Khiu

hang
- Ngi khiu nai: ngi gi hoc ai din, ngi nhn hoc ai din

nai

- H s khiu nai

ngi

+ B/L, packing list, commercial invoice: chng minh li ich phat sinh

chuyn

i vi hang hoa cua chu hang

ch

+ Th d khang, bin ban hang v h hong: thng bao tinh trang

tn tht cua hang hoa
+ Bin ban kt toan nhn hang vi tau, bin ban hang thiu, bin ban
giam inh va giy t khac: chng minh li cua ngi chuyn ch
- Thi han khiu nai
+ Hague: 1 nm t khi hang ang le c giao
+ Hague Visby: 1 nm va co th keo dai khng qua 3 thang

Khiu

+ Hamburg: 2 nm va co th keo dai

** Vn tai hang hoa bng ng hang khng
* Thi han khiu nai

nai

- Theo Cng c Vacsava 1929

ngi

+ i vi h hong mt mat hang hoa: trong vong 7 ngay k t ngay

chuyn

nhn hang

ch

+ i vi chm giao: trong vong 14 ngay k t ngay hang ang le

c t di s inh oat cua ngi nhn hang
- NT Hague 1955

+ i vi h hong mt mat hang hoa: trong vong 14 ngay k t ngay

nhn hang
+ i vi chm giao: trong vong 21 ngay k t ngay hang ang le
phai c t di s inh oat cua ngi nhn hang
* Thi gian khi kin
Trong vong 2 nm k t ngay may bay n im n/ k t ngay may
bay phai ti im n/ k t ngay vic vn chuyn chm dt
** Vn chuyn hang hoa a phng thc
* Thng bao tn tht
- Ro rt: thng bao bng vn ban khng mun hn ngay lam vic sau
ngay giao hang
- Khng ro rt: thng bao trong vong 6 ngay lin tuc sau khi nhn
c hang hoa
- Chm giao hang: thng bao bng vn ban trong vong 60 ngay lin
tuc sau ngay hang hoa c giao
* Khiu nai
- Cng c 1980: 6 thang
- Ban quy tc: 9 thang
- N 87: 90 ngay