a 12 1 [QUINTILIAN} quantum me putatis levisse antequam descenderem? Ce- terum adfectare tyrannidem sperantis est, eectioris anil sunt sta crimina,fletus remiss, fatigati, Tu fd mihi erimi- nis eius argamentum vis vider euius desperatio est, Istius ni allots angumentum lansimae babent Quaero ‘enim ex te undo istum fletum putes, Nam siadfeoto, 5 fp, sireditarum me ad ea ex qlbus invitus deseendenin pio, qoae causa lacrimarum est? Sivero hoc est quod ani- ‘mum meum torqueat, quod ex ilo fastigo descenderim, ‘quod ex aequo vivam, quomodo aclfectare possum quod scio mihi nom posse contingore? odem revolvatur oratio necesse est unde evepit. Ego publicam appello fem, quae inter piratas sacra est, quae Inter armaios hostesindutias fact, quae deditarum civitae ‘ium jura conservat. Qualecumue istud est, promisistis, ‘consuisis, Ac de me quidem nil, Mibi enim iam taedio vita es, iamque hae lacrimae cotidianae acoesserunt pro- pe ad vota mortis, Ilud videte, an si aliquem frei pub: eet err wt fortuna quem at consi alguod aut temerits miserit,detis locum pacnitentive, permitts- semeadar, velit (ne}*mellores et eves, 258 Orator, medicus, philosephns ‘Contendunt orator, medicus, philosophus de bonis patris, qui testamento eum heredem reliquerat qui se probasset 2 rep, SB po dso pra) 18 in remain Soh in opprssonom 2. up 7 : 194 DECLAMATION 265 mic too late, How many tears do you suppose Tshed before stepped down? For the rest, plotting tyranny implies hope; sucha charge goes with a mind on the alert, weeping with one related, tired. The behavior you represent as proof of that crime is despair oft. For that is the emotion that tears indicate. For I ask you, whenco do you think ‘comes this weeping? For if | am plotting, if T hope, 11 think to return to something from which I stepped down reluctantly, what canse is there for tears? But if what tor tures my spivtisthat [stepped down from tha height, that am living on level terms, how ean The plotting something that [ know cannot come iy way? Myadddress must return to is starting point. I appeal to public good faith, which is saered among pirates, which rakes truce between enemies in arms, which conserves the rights of communities after surrender, Whatever it amounts fo, yoo promised, yon decreed. As for mysell nothing. Life is a weariness to me now, these daily tenrs have now come close toa prayer for death, Its for you to see to it that if error or Fortune, if some plan or rash im- pulse send a man against the commonwealth, you give ‘oom for repentance, allow his amendment, want etizens tw become better 268; ‘Oratos, phiysctan, philosopher ‘Aa orator, a physician, and a philosopher dispute for their father’s property, who hiswillhad eft as his heir the one 195[QUINTILIANT amplius prodesse eivibus. ‘Lex contentionis et formula et omne praeseriptum ex tes- tamento pas pendet euinevs non etc ut qunoratur quae profeisio ex nostris speciosissima (quamquam sic {quoquevincerem), sed quae eivitati sit utiissima, Nihil est ergo quod ingenia iactent, nihil quod [ex)* anime suo ‘antum referant: quaeritur quis omnibus prosit, Sit philo- sophia res summa: ad paucos pertinet; sit cloquentia res admirabilis: non pluribus prodest quam noget. Sola est ‘medicina qua opis sit omnibus. Bt patrem quogue nos- ‘rum id voluisse, ut hane quam in contentione reliquisse videtnr partem quodammodo civitai daret, manifestam cst. Non sbi utilisimum, non amie utlisstimum, non de patre optime meritum: proprie quid ferre ex testamento suo voluit qui fuorit utils civitati. Ergo et acqualitor ad ‘omnés medicina sola pertnet et nll cars>* tam necessa- ria est omni generi homiaum quam medieina. Reliqua conferamus, i 7 ‘Ac mihi primum agendum est cum fratre philosopho, ccuius egoin hodierna contentione. apenas non possum. Nihil enim videtar habere philosophia prac~ stantius quam quod modicis contenta est, amplores opes non desiderat. Nam si eupditates eascem quas cetertha- 9B HAS, Wath res D2 | Tho theme sppearsto be incomplete, Oly put of tho estite ves assigned tothe winner ofthe dspnte he es was presi SRY athervise posed of prays tobe dided ex bo- 196 DFCLAMATION 268, ‘who should prove that he does most forhiselloweitizens. ‘The rule governing the dispute, the terms, all the prelimi. nary framework depends on the father’s will. The gist of this is not to enquire which of our professions makes the best shove (though even so I should be the winner), but ‘which i the most useful to the community. So there ino ‘use in their boosting of their intellects or making their own nds the only eriterion (2). The question i, who benesits everybody? Philosophy maybe an exalted thing, butt cou- ‘coms few; eloquence may be a thing to admire, butt does not help more people than it hans. Only medicine is needed by everybody: That our father too wanted to give that part which he is seen to have left in dispute in some sort to the community, is event: nat the one most useful tohimself, not the one most useful to his friends, notto the ‘one who had deserved best of his father, bt the one who ‘ras useful to the community—that was the one whom he ‘wished to get something special for himself ot of his will So only medicine pertains equally to everybody and no «artis sonevessaryto every sort of human beingas medi- Cine. Let us compare other points. ‘And fist I must take issue with my brother the philoso- pher, whose purpose in the present dispute I cannot suf- ficiently wondler at. For there seemsto be nothing sac rable in philosophy as its contentment with modest means, its lack of desir for ampler wealth. For if it has the same st than ros, Ars used of philosophyins.7 197[QUINTILIAN] bet, non video quid prosit. Neque me practert,iudices, ‘quam mula die adversus hane professionem ab is soleant ‘quorum libertstem non impediunt personae. Quippe hos illiet vanos voeant et otiosos et in ambitum ipsum contre ‘quem maxime dissereze videnturalligatos. Mihi cum fra- ‘requaestio est. Haec ergo levioradixisse satis est, philoso- phiam non esse necessariam. Ego enim? mores nasei puto ct propriam cuiusque naturae virtutem. Alia forsitan dis- cantur, qmiedam experimentis cognoscenda sunt: boni sores constant voluntate. Id patere diversis utriusque par- tis exemplis potest. Nam et optimos viros citra philoso- phiam fuisse constabit et stadiosos suplentiae usque ad ultima exempla seelerum nequititeque venisse. Non enim, ut opinor, existorum scholis abstinentiam didicete Fabri ci, Cui, nec uti mortem contemnerent Decii consecuti sunt [nee]* vetera horam esplicando monumenta. Tulit ivites popali Romani iberatores® Brutos, tulit Camillo, antequaum ulla ists artis simolatio inmeperet. Lam vero si exdiverso intueri placeat, quisignoratexipsa Soeratis, qua velut fonte omnis philosophia manasse ereditur, schol evasisse tyrannos et hosts patriae suae? Non est gtr ne~ cessaria philosophia. Atqui etiam® ut studio pervenini ad Sapientiam posit, via tamen cius incerta! est. Namque ut ‘nines in unum philosophos contmham, non tamen inter SBrautemA Grom Schein AP 5 Aer: liberiones AB Pith. conta AS ‘Literary tests onpapyracrolls Harun are the philosopher 41, Brutus, the frst Consul. Except for the Decl the plurals refer to individuals 5 Grits, chief of the "Thity Tyrants,” and Alcibiades, who at 198 DECLAMATION 268 cravings as the rest ofthe world, I dont see what itis good for. Lam not unaware, gentlemen, how many things are often said against this profession by those whose freedom of speech is not hampered by personalities. They call these folk insincere and lazy and tied to that very self-aggran dizement agains which they azo seen most forcibly to dis course, But this is between me and my brother. So it i enough to take the gentler line and say that philosophy is ‘unnecessary: For I think that character is inbom and vir tue belongs to every nature. Other things may perhaps be learned, other things are to be found out by experience: 1 good character consists in the will. This can be obvi ‘ous from examples on either side, For it will be generally agreed that there have been excellent men outside of philosophy and that pursuers of wisdom have plumbed the depth ofexine and worthlessness. Hewas not, Timay ine, from these folks’ schools that the Fabrieti and Cuil learned abstinence, nor did the Decii attain contempt of death by unmoling their ancient memorials * The commu- nity bore Bruti liberators of the Roman people, bore Caml, before any semblance ofthis art erept in, And if you care to look from the opposite angle, who does not nay that tyrants and enemies of their country came from the very school af Socrates, the Fountainhead, so to speak from which all philosophy is said to have flowed. So phi losophy is unnecessary. Moreover, even though Wisdom could be attained by its pursuits, yet the way to itis uncer- tain, For if | were to lump al philosophers together, yet foe point went over to Sparta; aot Dionssi HI, for whose c= er af a tyzant Plato could hardly be held responsble, et alone Socrates 19910 n 12 8 uu [QUINTILIAN) 0s constare potest quae potisimum secta adseisconda® nobis, qulbus prueceptis parendum sit. Pugnant inter se atque dissentiuntet perpetuam hane per sarcula litem tra- fhunt,Alis summun bonum voluptas habeturs quidan id jn nuda vigtute posuerunt; nonnulli miscere ista conati sum atque tonfundere, et ex bonis corporis animique ct corum quae extra essent ad finem vitae beatae perveniri® posse existimaverunt; delectavit quosdam modus omni ‘um. Tam vero quanta cirea dees pogna’ Quidam nihil ag sine provident eredunt; alii enram deorum intra sidera continent; quidem in totum deos sustulerunt; quidam, umn! hoc ernbescunt, cura vacare utique!? dizerunt. Hi nos ad administrationem ret publicue hortantur; il ail periculosius civilibus officiis eredunt. Quosdam videas Odio pecaniae Fert midas expositosque, vel ad provo- ‘candas ealamitates; sunt qui voluptates non anlint modo sed etiam corporis inter praecipua ducant bona. Quibus cerodam? Quibus accedam? Quidquid probavero, plures egattir sint, Nec porro quaecumque praecipiuntar «> possunt: Ergo et non necessariam esse philosophiam et Aifficilem electionem esse disimus;atque inter fpsos etiam plerosque philosophos constat " vi posse per Gipi. Neque ego ignoro esse quosdam qui, quanquam Sos disce AB SCD. te AB MBuchominm AB LW en AB BPW utrague AS — Wlag tad Wi SB The schools in mind are: Bpleuseans, Stoits, Peripatetic, and again, primal, Peripaetics (Wi). I aanslate a8 though ‘or. was eb, whic T think is wht the writer intended, The allusions are to the Stotes, Plato and Aristotle (So st 200 DECLAMATION 368 there can be no agroement among them on which particn- lar school we must adopt, which precepts we should obey. ‘They quarrel among themselves and are at loggerhead they carry this dispute all through the centuries. For some pleasure is the supreme good, others have placed it in naked virtue, some have tried to mingle and confuse the ‘ovo, thinking thatthe end ofa happy life can be attained from bodily and mental goods and things extemal.® Some liked moderation ia all things. And again, what « battle ahout the gods! Some believe that nothing happens with- ‘out providence; others confine the gods’ care within the stars some have got vid of the gods altogether: some, who fare asharned to go So fa, suid thoy are absolutely without care.? One group urge us to take part in governing the ‘commonwealth; others believe that nothing is more dan- ‘gerous that eivie duties.® Some® you may see carried away bby hatred of money, naked and exposed, as thongh to chal- lenge calamities; there are these"? who put pleasures not only of the mind but ofthe body among the chief of good things, Whom am Ito beliove? Whom ta join? Whatever I approve, more will deny: Nor can all that is preseribed?” ‘che approved>. So I have said both that philosophy is un- necessary and that choice is difficult, And even philoso- pphers themselves mostly agree that "*est eloquentia? Quid ergo civitat conferunt? is enim sane romittames, omne crea vera stud et, ‘eum rerum natura beneficio suo ita hominesinstruxerit ut nulla res non voee explcefur, supervacuam quendam in ‘exomando laborem. Bodem redeant omnia: quid eivitatt profuist? Advocatione tna defensus est aiquis: sed laesus ‘qui exdiverso erat. Eripuisti periculo reum: unde seio an nocentem? Innocentia quidem per se valet. Damnatus est aliquis aceusante te: unde scio an eloquentiae vitiam sit? ‘Quid ogo de privatis loquor? Civtatium status seimus ab SS nomen...) of Watt gut Sap. pro sp. Grom: quidem AB 1D AsHereulasand Ulysses (Wi. comparing Son, Dial 221), 202, DECLAMATION 268 ray have enlisted under Wisdom, so to speak, readily and avidly, yetat the same time seck the Wise Man fom fable! and confess that no such being has yet been found among those who have studied and toiled. Butall tho same, to say something universally, what isthe use of the men then- selves? Are they useful forthe military or for eiie Fune- tions? What would you find in them except hypocrisy and pexpetnal idleness and a certain air of anthority stemming from arrogance? But suppose these are great matters, as they are sad to be: I summon thean to comparison with the form and terms of our father's will. What do theydo forthe ‘community? Do they amputate vices? No one, suppose, isa loose-liver, no one a money-grabber! ‘Enough said about the philosopher: let uspassen tothe ‘orator. I ealize that he has come to ths trial relying on his cloquence, They think they carry a Tet of weight in the courts. Sometimes they snatch up! bad cases. Andindeed, if justice prevailed, what eloquence? So what do they bring to the community? For L wont press the point that al their efforts about words and a labor of em- belishment,soperuonsseingta the Nate of Things bby ber kindness has so equipped mankind that nothing ex- ists without aword to expressit, Let everything come back to the same question: what have you done for the commu nity? Somebody has been defended by your advocacy: but his opponent has been damaged. You have snatched a de fendant from perl; how do Tow whether he was guilty? Innocence is strong n tse. Somebody is found guilty, you prosecuting: howdo T know whetheryour eloquence isnot toblame? Why do I speak of private individuals? We know Ta “pal ont ofthe Bre” 20320 [QUINTILIAN] oratortbus esse conversos sive lam Atheniensium eivte tem, quondam late principem, intuerl placeat, aeisas eis vires anitnadvertemus vitio contionantium: sive popnli Romani statum excutere yolucrimus, nonne gravissimas seditiones, nonne turbidisimas contiones eloquentissi- rmus quisque habuit, nonne illi Gruechi ud evertendam rom publicam his velut! armis suceineti aceesserunt? Quid ‘ego dicam quantum civitati obfuesit®eloguentia? Sibi no- ‘uit, Summos utriusque partis oratores videamus, Nonne envosthenenillum oppressam veneno suo scinmus. nonne iceronem in lin quibus totiens placueratrstrispoons sua expositum? Hace dissse satis ert: nam sicivitati nihil uilittis a: ferant hi cum quibus contendi, satis erat relietum esse me solim, Aliqua tamen de medicine dicam, non mehercule inctandi mei causa, sed commendandue atis ipsus. Cuius ‘anctoresante omnia accepimus deos,sive (ut maxime reor) ut hace infrmitas homsinum haboret adiumenta aliqua atque solscia sive tantum hic arti tri- bbuere meiores ut eam viv crederent humanis potuisse ingenilsinveniri, sive fpsa medicina per sacrum est Contendamus sane apnd seeuros: si quem (quod absit om- nibus) subita deprebenderitvaletudo, oratoremne con- sulet? Qaid nunc ego enumerem contra quot Fortunae {ninrias medicina advocetur?—illam valetudinem qua spi- situs frangitur,anillam qua visus pericitatur, an illam qua 19 Soh profi AB 5B 29 part sul Se. 2 Porveout (ee crit note), mening head and hands, certaialy smakos better sense 204 DECLAMATION 268, that communities have been tumed upside dows by ora- tors, If we care to look at the Athenian community, once precminont far and wide, we shal ind that its strength was ‘rippled through the faut of publi speakers. Orifwe wish to examine the status of the Roman People, were not the ‘worst editions, the most turbulent assembles, the work of the most eloquent among them? Girt with these arms, as it were, did not those Gracchi advance to the overthrow of the commonwealth? Why tell of damage done by elo- ‘quence tothe community? It bas harmed itself Let us look atthe greatest orators in both areas. Do we not know that Demosthenes was destroyed by his own poison and that Cicero was exposed by his punishment!® on the Rostra ‘where he had so often found favor? ‘What I have said would have been enough. If those ‘with whom I have contended bring nothing useful to the ‘ommonity, it would have been enough that [alone ain left. However, I shall say something about medicine, not, assure you, to ery myself up but to commend the art itso, We are told that its original authors wore gods, whether, as I think most likely, > 269 Dives sub gyanno actionatus Deposit sitactio. Pauper et dives amici erant, pauperi duo ‘lit adulescentes. Cum tyrannus esse eoepisset in civitate, dives facta auetione discesst. Rumor erat pecuniam apud pauperem esse depositam. Tyrannus accersit paupere; torsitipsum, torsit ot filos eius. Cum lle pernegaret penes se esse, climissus est, Posteatyranmus occisus es Redit di- ves. Petit pecuniam, quain se deposuisse apud pauperem ‘ie nserver, oslo el comes aburain ‘quacstionem pollcetue. Depositumn peto. Scio hue esse ordinem probationis, ut prinmura ostendam cme>* habuisse pecuniam quam depo- nerem, De hoc netno dubitat:dives fi. Etiams! me eupi {as amit ad duos servos redogit,aliquando tamen numer bar inter principes hutus exitats, Bt ut seats pecuniam 2 Aerchoc AS 3 Sch HSB qu AR SSH Ris dit AB 2B 206 DECLAMATION 269 dangers the sight, or that involves the curing of wounds or the counteracting of debility? Let me take medicine aay: will you console, philosopher? What sot of mankind, what sex, what age, but seeks benefit therefrom? Andsso, even if medicine could not conquer the Fates, yet our father’ life ‘vas prolonged to can age> in which he bad three children, «including a physician>.!” 269 [Rich man who auctioned his property under atyran Let an action lie fora deposit. A poor man anda rich man ‘were friends. The poor man had two young sons. When & tyrant had arisen in the community the rich man held an auction and left, It was rumored that money been depos- ited with the poor man. The tyrant suinmoned the poor ran, tortured him and also tortured his sons. When he persisted in denying thatthe money was in his possession, hho was let go. Later the tyrant was killed. The rich man returned. He claims the money, which he says be had de- posited with the poor man, and promises to hand over two slaves, his only companions in exile, fr torture. T.elaim my deposit. Tow thatthe sequence of proof is that I first show that «> had money to deposit, This no one doubts: Iwas rich, Even though my friend’s greed has re- duced me to two slaves, {was once numbered among the leading men of this community, And so you may know that 7 Some such addition, implying that the doctor had pro- longed his father’ ie is called for. Soe Wh 20758 267.310 Reliqua adeo longe a suspicione adfectatae tyrannidis aberunt ut propius spectent ad priorum temporum paenitentiam, Lacrimas quidem meas si hic in iudicio temporibus etiam in bac pace tranquillitate degen- dum est} cum sint exorandi adhuc animi multorum, sustinenda mali tas, Haec mihi omnia arx fecit. An ego possum non flere quotiens cogito quos habuerim parentes, quam domus famam, quas spes adulescentiae infelici temeritate, damnandis cupiditatibus everterim, ut sentio, in per- petuum? Nihil est enim quod accusator meus simulatione quadam falteeat quae practerierunt obliqua malignitate obicere conetur. Ego me fecisse quod nollem et scio, indices, et confiteor; et quamdiu vixero, semper hoc animo tota mente} inhaerebic. Neque enim illas | quae me tetigerant suspiciones pertinere ad praesentem defensionem puto, secii- rissima re publica, nec quid illud fucrit » an alienis cupiditatibus ob- stiterim dum meas simul. Omnia ista absoluta esse credo eo tempore quo inter me remque publicam convenit ut haec omnia memorize exci- derent, ut non ad leges, non ad odium pertinerent; tune certe laudabatis. Sed quemadmodum apud vos moderationis famam consecutus sum, ita + apud me ipsum haec quoque gravis verecundia animo fuit, quod videbar hoc fecisse tamquam moderator. Quid postea? Satellitesne contraxi? ‘Aut arma habui? Aut divisi pecuniam? Aliquid inter amicos continui? Quid obici mihi potest in fururum, cum praesertim adfectatio tyrannidis multa crimina (desideret) et quae non coniectura colligi oporteat verum, manifesta deprendi “Apparet’ inquit ‘cupiditas tua: fles enim iusta arcem.’ Si confiterer depositae potestatis illius paenitentiam, dicerem tamen aliud esse adfec- tare tyrannidem, aliud cupere. Verum quid signi, quid argumenti istac Jacrimae habent? Flere miratur aliquis hominem? “Sed itxta arcem les.” Nam ego possum continere lacrimas quotiens illum locum video a quo tam libenter descendi? Tlic mihi succurrit infamata adulescentia. Quo- tiens arcem video, succurrit: inde has inimicitias. Sero me, accusatores, deprehendistis: quantum me putatis flevisse antequam descenderom? 3 longe a AD: longe C= longa B —_propins CD: proprive AB priorarn Pith poseriorsin AB pace AD*: pane BCD? ax CD:arsAB possum AB (of. 9) possim CD Salteea Asaka ea Cad es Bs arte (qe) D(alter que D")_praeterieruat AG: practriere B: priewsire D — obliqua D, xt cami, Aer. oblique A: obliqui BC” iud{iees) Bs indicium A 6 re Ci R Ds rei A: ape (om. publics) B nec A eB lacna indicaci —exciderent Aer: exciderint AB 7 gravis A: granius B Saat... auecivisi Ro.sad... amedinisam AB aliquid BDsaligui AC de sideret sxpplevi non coaigersra CD: coniscrsse A: nom iactura B ranifestum 6 deprendi seripi: deprachendit A's depr{alchendat A 9 fles (post wa) Bi fleas Attem infra 42) video {poet acem) Bs vidis A: vidi CD sucourrit AD’; succurrunt ‘BD: succurterunt C10 sero me) some A: sermone D: Sermo B (vabr.):sermo C 267.51 ~268.2 39 Istius enim adfectus argumentum lacrimae habent. Ceterum adfectare tyrannidem sperantis est, erectioris animi sunt ista crimina, flecus remissi, fatigati. Tu id mihi criminis cius argumentum vis videri cuius desperatio est. Quaero enim ex te unde istum fletum putes. Nam si adfecto, si spero, si rediturum me ad ea ex quibus invitus descenderim puto, quae causz lacrimarum est? Si vero hoc est quod animum meum torqueat, quod ex illo fastigio descenderim, quod ex aequo vivam, quo- modo adfectare possum quod scio mihi non posse contingere? Eodem revolvatur oratio necesse est unde coepit. Ego publicam ap- pello fidem, quae inter piratas sacra est, quae inter armatos hostes indutias facit, quae deditarum civitatium iura conservat, Qualecumque istud est, promisistis, censuistis. Ac de me quidem nihil. Mihi enim iam taedio vita est, iamque hae lacrimae cotidianae accesserunt prope ad vora mortis, Illud videte, an sialiquem rei publicaet error aut fortuna, ‘si quem aut consilium aliquod aut temeritas miserit, detis locum paeni- tentiae, permitratis emendari, velitis [ne] meliores fieri cives. | 268 Orator medicus philosophus Contendunt orator medicus philosophus de bonis patris, qui testamento ‘eum heredem reliquerat qui se probasset amplius prodesse civibus, DECLAMATIO. Lex contentionis et formula et omne praescripeum ex testamento patris pendet: cuius vis non est ea, ut quaeratur quae professio ex nostris speciosissima (quamquam sic quoque vincerem), sed quae civitati sit utilissima, Nihil est ergo quod ingenia iactent, nihil quod ex animo suo tantum referant: quaeritur quis omnibus prosit. Sit philosophia res summa: ad paucos pertinet; sit eloquentia res admirabilis: non pluribus prodest quam nocer. Sola est medicina qua opus sit omnibus, Et patrem quoque nostrum id voluisse, ut hane quam in contentione reliquisse sMfesare CDs affecate AB est(pos sperants) AC: et Dion, B12 civitaium A (of 268.19, 323.13): civitasum B13 aliquam A welts Pch.: ves ne AB 268 Thema peobasset... prodesse C: probasset ...probasse A: probasset. . profasse Ds prodesse... probasset B Isit i sint A 2 sit (pax prost) om.0 oo 268.330 ‘videtur partem quodammodo civitati daret, manifestum est. Non si utilissimum, non amicis utilissimum, non de patre optime merivut proptie quid ferre ex testamento suo voluit qui fuerit utilis civitati. Ergo. et aequaliter ad omnes medicina sola pertinet et nulla (res) tam neces- saria est omni generi hominum quam medicina. Reliqua conferamus. ‘Ac mihi primum agendum est cum fratre philosopho, cuius ego in hodierna contentione propositam mirari satis non possum. Nihil enim videtur | habere philosophia praestantius quam quod modicis contenta est, ampliores opes non desiderat. Nam si cupiditates easdem quas ceteri habet, non video quid prosic. Neque me practert, iudices, quam multa dici adversus hanc professionem ab iis soleant quorum libertatem non impediunt personae. Quippe hos illi et vanos vocant et otiosos et ambitum ipsum contra quem maxime disserete videntur alligatos. Mi ‘cum fratre quaestio est, Haec ergo leviora dixisse satis est, philosophiam ‘non esse necessariam. Ego enim mores nasci puto et propriam culusque naturae virtutem, Abia forsitan discantur, quaedam experimentis cognos- cenda sunt: boni mores constant voluntate. Id patere diversis utriusque partis exemplis potest. Nam et optimos viros citra philosophiam fuisse constabit et studiosos sapientize usque ad ulima exempla scelerum nequitiaeque venisse, Non enim, ut opinor, ex istorum scholis abstinen- tiam didicere Fabricii, Curii, nec uti mortem contemnerent Decii consceuti sunt [nec] vetera horum explicando monumenta. Tulit civitas populi Romani liberatores Brutos, culit Camillos, antequam ulla iscius artis simulatio inreperes. Iara vero si ex diverso intueri placeat, quis ignorat ex ipsa Socratis, quo velut fonte omnis philosophia malnasse creditur, schola evasisse tyrannos et hostes patriae suae? Non est igitur necessaria philosophia. Atqui etiam ut studio perveniri ad sapientiam possit, via tamen eius incerta est, Namque ut omnes in unum philoso- phos contraham, non tamen inter eos constare potest quae potissimum secta discenda nobis, quibus praeceptis parendum sit. Pugnant inter se atque dissentiunt et perpetuam hane per saccula litem tahunt. Aliis summum bonum voluptas habetur; quidam id in nuda virtute posuerunts nonnulli miscere ista conati sunt atque confundere, et ex bonis corporis animique et corum quae extra essent ad finem vitae beatie perveniri ‘3 vos suppl. ie D®, port necesacia Cattigloni ats malunt Hé., Wa, 4 uidorue haere ‘Ai hi re Bs haber CD medics A _habet Bu: babent AB 5 iis C: his ABD veidentur BD: uidenar AC allegacos CD Genim Brautam A 7noquiiajeque A (qui tom contextam in marg. pracber), C: atque nequitiaje BD nee del Grom. populi Romani] popall? A: populis BUberatores Aer: liberiores AB 8 uel A philosophia manasse AD: philosophia emanssse C: philosophi iam manasse B_ 9 arqui etiam Seh.:atgui enim (4): atquin Leo tam A incerta Pith. cera AB inter eos comware B: comtare inter eos A sit AD:ors.B 10 pervenisi CD: peruenire AB 5 6 v 296 18 268.1118 61 posse existimaverunt; delectavit quosdam modus omnium. Iam vero quanta circa deos pugna! Quidarn nihil agi sine providentia credunt; ait curam deorum intra sidera continent; quidam in totum deos sustulerunt; quidam, dam hoc erubescunt, cura vacare utique dixerunt. Hii nos ad administrationem rei publicae horcantur; illi nihil periculosius civilibus officiis credunt. Quosdam videas odio pecuniae ferri audos expositosque, veluti ad provocandas calamitatess sunt qui voluptates non animi modo sed etiam corporis inter praecipua ducant bona. Quibus evedam? Quibus accedam? Quidguid probavero, plures negaturi sint. Nec porto quae- cumque praccipiuntur + possunt. Ergo et | non necessariam esse philo- sophiam et difficilem electionem esse diximus; atque inter ipsos etiam plerosque philosophos constat vix posse percipi. Neque ego ignoro esse quosdam qui [quamquam] nomen sapientiae facile arque avide (ut sic dixerim) dederunt; tamen quidam sapientem ex fabulis repetunt, ¢t inter cos qui studuerunt, qui elaboraverunt, nullum adhuc inventum esse confitentur. Verumtamen, ut aliqua etiam de universo loquamur, quis suis ipsorum virorum? Militisene utiles an civilibus afficiis? Quid in his deprehendas pracier fictam frontem et perpetuum otium e: quandam ex adrogantia auctoritatem? Verum sint ista (ut dicitur) magna: ego hace ad formam legemque paterni testamenti voco. Quid civitati prosunt? Amputant vitia? Nimirum nemo [usuriosus est, nemo pecuniae cupidus. “Hac de philosopho dixisse satis est: ranseamus ad oratorem. Quem imtellego fiducia eloguentiae ad hanc descendisse causam, Multum se valere in iudiciis putant; rapiunt malas aliquando causas, Et sane si iustitia valeat, quid est cloquentia? Quid ergo civitati conferunt? Illa enim sane remittamus, omne cirea verba studium et, cum rerum navura beneficio suo ita homines instruxerit ut nulla res non voce explicetur, supervacuum quendam in exornando lalborem, Eodem redeant omaia: quid civitati profuisti? Advocatione tua defensus est aliquis: sed Jaesus qui ex diverso erat. Eripuisti periculo reum: unde scio an nocentem? Innocentia quidem per se valet. Damnatus est aliquis accusante te: unde scio an modus AD: modos B: mors). C —omnium D3, Ba.: hominem ABCD) 11 dun sevipsis cxm AP (quo recepro erabescerent Grom.) wtigue Pith.: wraque ABs iraque ‘Aer. expecies nostri 12 uideas ACD3(9): uideor B: wideos D'(2) 13 infinitum ate passin om. ACD: stare B (probasi pro porro D!) esse (Port necestariam) om, BD plaresque B14 quamguam delevi —sapientem Aer: sapientiam AB re ean praeclare Sch ei. mune AC(D): tei pu, tune Br repererang, receperant D” 15 wiles ed. Leid.: wills AB arcogaoa Br arogentiam A ae (post nimirum) CD: mB I6eest post quid) sit Ro. 17 exormando ed. Leid.:ex(hjorando AB9 23 2 268. 19-23 cloquentiae visium sit? Quid ego de privatis loquor? Civitatium status scimus ab oratoribus esse conversos: sive illam Atheniensium civitatem, ‘quondam late principem, incueri placeat, accisas cius vires animadverve- ‘mus vitio contionantium; sive populi Romani statum excutere volueri= mus, nonne gravissimas seditiones, nonne turbidissimas contiones elo- queatissimus quisque habuit, noane illi Gracchi ad evertendam rem publicam his veluti armis suceincti accesserunt? Quid ego dicam quantum. Civitati profuerit cloquentia? Sibi nocuit. Summos uiriusque partis oratores videamus, Nonne Demosthenen illum oppressum veneno suo scimus, nonne Ciceronem in iis in quibus totiens placuerat rostris ppoena sua expositurn? Hace dixisse satis erat: nam si civitati nihil utilitatis adferunt hi cum quibus contendi, satis erat relicrum esse me solum. Aliqua tamen de ‘medicina dicam, non mchercale iactandi mei causa, sed commendandae arts ipsius, Caius auctores ante omnia accepimus deos, sive (ut maxime reor) ut hac infirmitas hominum haberet adiumenta aliqua atque solacia, sive tantum huic arti erbuere maiores ut eam vix orederent | Jumanis potuisse ingeniis inveniri, sive ipsa medicina per se sacrum est. Contendamus sane apud securos: si quem (quod absit omnibus) subita deprehenderit valetudo, oratoremne consulet? Quid nunc ego enumerem, contra quot fortunae injurias medicina advocetur? ~ illam valetudinem qua spiritus frangitur, an illam qua visus periclitatur, an illam qua vulners curanda sunt, an illam qua debilitaxi occurrivur, Removeam medicinam: ra, philosophe, consolaberis? Quod hominum genus est, aqui sexus, quae aetas, quae non utiltatem ex hac petat? Haque, etiamsi medicina vinci fata non potuerunt, productus est tamen usque ad Feamf pater noster, qui tres liberos habebat. 19 ego AC: ergo Bi go (ie. ergo) D—ciuitstum fP adcisas ADs abscisas Ct om B statumP:statim A vertendamA — 20pards]gentiszompr. Ro, demost(bje- emAB — 2Lh(ecdivisse (disse A") A*CDs oceidisse B nami ciutai(itati A) AD: rnune si ciutad Bs reliccam esse nam si cuitei Chi BD: hie A ii C satis ers] sequitur vel constee Hi: sats pater Wa. earn CD: eum AB inueniri Bs venti (ex venir) A pte Bripsw A 22 persitaae C; perilitantar ABD 23 consolaberis “Aer. :consilaberis ABC:consulsaberisD bac Aer:bocAs —patuerunt (exputuerunt) A evom A eamACD: eB ps8 pe 269.14 B 269 Dives sub tyranno auctionatus Deposirt srr actio. Pauper et dives amici erant, pauperi duo filii adulescentes. Cum tyrannus esse coepisset in civitate, dives facta auctione discessit. Rumor erat pecuniam apud pauperem esse depositam. Tyrannus accersit pauperem; torsit ipsum, torsit et filios eius. Cum ille pernegaret penes se esse, dimissus est. Postea tyrannus occisus est. Redit dives, Petit pecuniam, quam se deposuisse apud paulperem dicit, et duos servos, quos solos exilii comites habuerat, in quaestionem pollicetur DECLAMATIO Depositum peto. Scio hunc esse ordinem probationis, ut primum ostendam habuisse pecuniam quam deponerem. De hoc nemo dubitat: dives fui. Exiamsi me cupiditas amici ad duos servos redegit, aliquando tamen numerabar inter principes huius civitatis. Et ut sciatis pecuniam non satis esse, patrimonium meum detinet, si domum, si mancipia, si vendita esse omnia, si in pecuniam redacta constabit. Superest ut deponendae pecumiae habucrim causam. Fuisse me in metu fortunae hhuius quam patior manifestum est; nihil minus fuisse rationis quam ut ‘mecum pecuniam ferrem liquere omnibus credo. Nec ilud tantummodo dico, ne persequeretur tyrannus: ne quid itineris casus auferret, ne fugientem onus ipsum gravaret. Potestis aliquid etiam ex ipso fugee comitamu colligere: ne servos quidem amplius quam duos duxi. De- ponendi fuit ratio. Proximum est ut quaeramus: apud quem deponen- dum fuit? Apud aliquem in civitate. Quis amicior mihi? In quo plus esse fidei existimayi? Hoc probandum diutius foret nisi sciretis; constiti inter ‘omnes. Dicat iste quam multa voler adversus famam, dum tamen constet nihil aliud esse istam quam consensum civitatis, Si ab universis tamen ad singulos vocamur, et tyrannum restem dabo. Illum quidem | neque ego laudo; sed ipsa vitia eius, ipsa scelera facient huic rei auctoritatem: ubi pecuniam credidit esse qui quaerebat, (qui adeo) non dubitavit ut torto 1ibi et perneganti non crederet, ut quaestionem usque in liberos mitteret? 269 Titus tyranne (ex rys-) A Thema sccerit i accertie excorr — sedeposuisse Bide se posuise A dicit Ri: ditit AB 1 duos A#C*D* nos A® aos BC! (quid Ds, incertum) — 2 quid CD: quit A: quit B 4 consensum Ris secmom AB gat ako apie (adeo am Ro.) dubs CD: dubinbit demissus A, partie358 ‘Commentary crimina colligi, and typical of the word’s fluctuation betwee charge and matter worthy of a charge. manifesta: one might expect manifesto (so ‘Aerodius: ef. Cic. Cluent. 43), but ef, 254.22 clara perspiceres and see TLL s.v. manifestus 311,13 seq. 9 hominem: 316.8 (also 377.9). The word is used Gupeeruxdis (Q. 8.3. 36; Problems, 169), a man with all his human troubles. Cf. also Sen. HLF. 463. inde has inimicitias: hae inimicitiae B. And the accusative is certainly unusual: see TLL s.v. inde 116,15. 10 Istius ... adfectus: grief. cuius . . .: ‘of which it is a despairing ‘The phrase is compressed, but there is no need to tamper (csius (causa) Leo). For desperatio thus ef. Q, 1 pr. 20. 11 hoe est quod that...” inelegantly put: ‘if what tortures me is the fact, 12. Bodem: 2. For this kind of ring composition cf, 279.17, 339.15 fidemn: for this topic see 343.12. 13. sialiquem . . .: hardly ‘wenn einen irgend ein Irrtum oder Schick- sal des Staates’ (Wablén, 129 n. 1), if only because of the position of rei ipublicae, and Ritter’s (in) re publica seems flat. The best sense is given by Ritter’s other suggestion, (in oppressionem) rei p.; on the same lines in rem publicam (Schultingh), which hardly demands his (and Grono- vis’) imamiserit. The sense of mittere in will, of course, be to cause to attack (contrast 345.8), pethaps with the connotation ‘project’, like a missile (e.g. Caes. b.c. 1.45.6). quem: oddly corresponding to aliquer. meliores . .. cives: 2 solecistic plural. 268 TThe theme is known from elsewhere, though in rather different forms. Jn Fortunatianus, 10 illustrate the genss comparatioum rationale as applied to persons, we have: qui plus rei publicae praestterit, petat pracminm; contendunt medicus et orator (RLM 87,24; ef. 97,7). Nearer fis a theme in Walz 8.412,21 karohindv tic S60 viows, tov Uev pdSooGoV, TOV d GriroQA, EyoupeY Ev Tals GradriKaus: “WH Bediciove ral oogurtégg Keraetae Tay obatav wou", Kal SuedtovraL. Q. 7.1.38 also offers us the will, but its provisions are different: qui tis liberos habébat, orazorem philosophum medicum, testamenio quattuor partes {fecit et singulas singulis dedit, unam eins esse voluit qui esset milissimus ‘ivitati. contendunt. CE. 7.4.39 dignissimo ex filis, 1Lis odd that in our declamation 2—3 the declaimer seems to speak of the Quintilianic theme 267.9-268.4 359 rather than his own (see Ritter, Declamationen, 220 n. 2), Common, of Course, 1 all these themes is the comparison of different professions (for these three see G. W. Bowersock, Greek Sophists in the Roman Empire (Oxford, 1969), 66), something that bad its roots in the progymnasmata, both those involving comparisons and those involving praise and blame (also the 8éae.¢ listed in Bonner, 4). For comparison, see Q. 2.4.24 Sirs persian miliaris viri lens maior (ef. Libanivs 8.354,18 and 356,14: edticism of rhetorie in a comparison of town and country). For encomia, of which cilitas was naturally a prominent head (e.g. RLM 587,13), see Q.2.4.20 (praise of clari viris much wider elsewhere: note in Libanius $.266,16 depreciation of rhetoric in a praise of agriculture). All this affected controversiae (Walz 8.58,22 praise of medicine; 8.349,15 life of athlete praised, other Biot downgraded; and see 8.249,20 for a remark on the transfer of t6n01 from progymnasina to declamation) and then litera- ture generally: Q. 24.24 gives the parallel from the pro Murena, the comparison of poet and orator in Tacitus’ Dialogus is in the same tra dition, and note also Q. 6 (attacks and defences in connection with thetoric). For an Egyptian example see M. L. West, Hesiod Works and Days (Oxford, 1978), 10. Tn 7.1.39 Q. remarks that quis primus dicas incertum est, propasitio tamen certa: ab eo enim ciins persona utemur (reminding us that this is fn ethopoeia, like so many declamations: ef. Walz 8.2869) incipiendum anit. And here the doctor does first state the case for medicine (33) before attacking the claims of philosophy (4~15) and oratory (16~20). ‘At the end he recurs to an encomium of his own art (21~3). 1 praescriptum: not, apparently, a t.t., though one can speak of prae~ seripoum legis, but a made up variant for formula. iactent: sc. the brothers, especially the other two. Cf. Lact, inst. 5.4.8 ingenia sua dimgue dicendi. . iactare. Also Q. 3.1.3 iatandi ingenii gratia, and 21 below. ex animo suo . . . referant: a problematic phrase. Ifthe image is from bookkeeping, the sense might be: ‘make so large a draft on their minds.” But I have no parallel, If one deleted ex, it might mean: ‘set down so much 10 their minds.’ Hkanson suggests ex aniimo so traction prac se ferant, Watt (independently) ex a. s. (Se) efferant ‘praise them- selves in accordance merely with their own opinion’). 3. proprie: ‘for himself.’ Defended against propriam (Acrodius) and proprit (Rohde) by 349.3. See also Cie. leg. agr- 2.85; Q. 4.2.63 hue uni J roprie dedit, 5.12.18. ferre: ‘take’: tt. of wills (TLL s.v. fero $5539). vest profess (1) is too far away to be understood with comfort 4 Nihil. . «tcf, exg. Cic. Tuse. 2.11 (philosophia) cupiditatibus liberat.360 Commentary 5 soleant: a gloss follows in B: sed persona fraivis mei impedie me ut ego nom dicam quae possent contra philosophum. This only spells out ‘what the received text clearly implies, and it is unwise to consider wans~ position (Ritter). vanos . . . et otiosos: Cic. Tuse. 2.12 videre lcet alios (philosophos} tanta levitate et iactatione ut iis fuerit non didicisse melins, alios pecuniae cupidos, gloriae nonnullos, multos libidinwin servos « «+ Lact. inst, 5.2.3 (also 3.15.8, 3.16.3). Q. regarded at least some con- temporary philosophers with a jaundiced eye {see Austin on 12.3.12, adding Apul. flor. p. 9,6 seq. Helm). ozizom (ef, also 15) was a general charge against the Greeks (Cic. de orat. 3.57 etc.) in ambitum . ..alli- gatos: so 333.12; Just. 24.1.2 (TLL s.v. alligo 1686,24). Normally wich aad (as 309.1, 311.11). But itis rash to change to illigatos (Schultingh). 6 nasci: ‘come about géoel’, The point is sufficiently clear without emendation ((nobiscum) nasci Rohde, ex propria. . . virtute Becher). Icis only superficially inconsistent with boni mores constant voluntate below: for one’s will is conditioned by one’s nature. The speaker puts one side of the eternal argument about the teachability of vireue (ef. Cie. Arch. 15), Q. 12.2.1 seq, puts another (though note vir, etiam si (quosdam: impetus ex natura sumit, ...), atacking the heresy of those who matura constare mores. . . putant, and imagine that we have virtu- tem... obviam inlaboratam tantum quia nati simus. 7. studiosos sapientiae: ie. qudGaogot (Cic. Tuse. 5.9); cf. Q. pr. 14 ‘The declaimer does not name examples on this side. On the other, the Fabricii and Curii are familiar (joined in Cie. Cael. 39, and often else- where: Oxto, 102 and 129). For the Decii see e.g, Sen. C. 9.2.9. The plurals are rhetorical (causing strain at liberatores): men like C, Fabricius Lascinus, M’, Curius Dentatus, P, Decius Mus (though his son is also relevant), L. Junius Brutus, M. Furlus Camillus, ‘Three of these nares, together with tlt, may have been suggested by Hor. od. 1.12.40—42: cf. also Q. 12.2.30. monumenta: sound more like history than philo- sophy, though horum must be philosophers. Contrast other uses of ‘vetera monumenta at TLL s.x. monumentum 1464,62, and indeed of monumenta generally. simulatio: a touch characteristic of Q.: sce on 5, and ef. 15 fictam frontem (Q. 12.3.12 fronte conficta). 8. fonte: Q. 1.10.13 fons (sc. philosophorwm) ipse Socrates, itself draw ing on Cie. de ovat. 1.42 (cf. Vell. Pat. 1.16.4); see generally de orat. 3.61: Socrates as head of all schools. tyrannos: perhaps with reference to Dionysius II, unsuccessfully practised upon by Plato. hostess Aleibi- ades? 9 discenda: does not seem impossible (adsciscenda Rohde). If one can discere philosophiam (TLL s.v. disco 1332,69), one may perhaps learn a 268,514 361 branch of it, and the phrase goes asa typical doublet with quibus. «sit. Pugnant: Q. 5.8.35 in quo inter Stoicos et Epicuri sectam secutos pugna perpetua est, regatume providentia mundus (cf. below, 11); also, on gods, Cie, md. 1.2 10 Alfis . . .: this sketch of different views on téhm is reminiscent of Cic. Cael. 41, acid. 2129-31, Tuse. 5.85, Lact. inst. 3.7.7 seq. The declaimer alludes successively to the Epicureans (cf, Sen. C. 2.6.2 quidam summum bonsm diserunt voluptatem et omnia ad corpus retie erunt), the Stoics (Lucan 9.5945 successu nud remoto inspicitur virtus), the Peripateties (Cic. Tusc. 5.85 tria genera bonorwn, maxima animi, secunda corporis, externa tertia, ut Peripatetici, nec multo veieres Aca~ demici secus) and again, primarily, the Peripatetics (modus). 11 circa deos pugna: ef. Q. 5.8.35, cited on 9. A sketch in Cie. nd. 1.18 seq.;ef. also Sen. ep. 16.5—6;79,16L. The allusionsare to the Stoics, Plato and Aristotle (so it would seem: ef. Cic. n.d, 1.30 and 33), atheists, Epicureans. dum; for dum causal see TLL s.v. 211,82 (citing Q. 8 pr. 24; perhaps add 272.7, 321.11 below) and esp. L-H-Sz 614, citing Lact. ira 7.1 id enim solet his evenire quod viatori viam nescienti et non fatenti se ignorare, ut vagetur, dum percontari obvios erubesit. 12 Hi... ili: favourite dispute (e.g. Q. 3.5.6). For the nuances of the Stoic position see M. T. Griffin, Seneca (Oxford, 1976), 315-66. But hi may well mean the Seoies (note the connection with belief in pro- vidence in Q. 5.10.14, 12.2.21). illi are certainly Epicureans (hiBe caus); periculosius is chosen with care — it was the dangers of polities that frightened the seekers after éragcS(a. Quosdam: apparently Cynics, contrasted again with Epicureans (swnt qui). For their hatred of money ef. 283.5 n.s as to nudos, they at least went barefoot (Diog. L. 6.34 Diogenes). ferris ‘carzied away’ (Nep. Ast. 10.4). expositosque: ‘unprotected.’ 13. sint: 311.6 n, possunt: an infinitive (perhaps more) has dropped out. B supplied stare, perhaps rightly. vix posse percipi: with special reference to the Stoie view, given in the next §, that the sapiens rarely appears (e.g. Sen. ep. 42.1 tamguam phoenix). But neque ego... may suggest that 15 makes a new point, and Shackleton Bailey is perhaps right 10 add verum belore vi. 14 quamquam: tamguam Rohde, anticipating wt sic dixerim. The word is best deleted; the two groups can hardly be the same (hence the difficulty of Gronovius’ quamquam . . . tamen idem), indeed the poi lies in the contrast between them, and they are best separated into dif- ferent sentences (for tamen thus, e.g. Cie. Marc. 4). But Leo could be362 Commensary right that ewo versions are present here in imperfect coalescence. ut sic dixerim: because greed is normally shown in getting things for oneself (note the conscious paradox in Plin. ep. 2.13.8 avidissime contuli). 1 do not know who is alluded to. ex fabulis: Hercules and Ulysses Sen. const 2.1). For repetere thus ef. Cie, inv. 1.1 15. sintista. . . magna: these attributes, however remarkable (sareasm, like nimirum . . . below), are irrelevant to the will, which gives the lex contentionis (1). The parallel suggested to Ranconetus and Aerodius the change to formielam, but see TLL s.v. forma 1080,61 seq. (I doubt if Q 3.6.87 is relevant, but perhaps ef. 331.15). Amputant: glances at the speaker's own profession, as TLL s.v. amputo 2022,31 remarks, 16 rapiunt: a casual change to the plural (so too conferunt below). For the word ef. 252.24 n.: ‘snatch out of the fire’. CF. Q. 2.16.2 eloguentiam esse quae poenis eripiat (cf. 18) scelestos. Et sane. «: the discussion in Q. 2.16.1 seq. is only one episode in a long discussion that went back to Aristotle (rhet. 135521) and beyond it was caitvassed in Tacitus’ Dia- Togus (5.5 seq., 40.2 seq.)s compare also Her. 2.44, Val. Max. 8.9, RLM 396,39, Lact, inst. 5.1.19. 17 remittamus: a practeritio. Q. puts the case on the other side in 12 10.40 seq., esp. 41 quid enim, inguiunt, attinet cireumitu res ostendere et iralationibus, id est aut pluribus aut alienis verbis, cum sua cuique sint adsignata nomina?: a Stoic position, kvguokoyta. (ef. eg. Cic. fam 9.22.15 also Q, 10.1.6 si rebus singulis essent singula (verba), .. ..cuncta ese... offerrent). 18 nocentem: innocentem D, non nocentem Rohde, But, as below, unde scio an almost = ‘perhaps’, like positive haud scio an. Innocentia: ef. 305.5, 328.3, 335.11 and Tac. dial. 14 statum cuiusque ac securita- tera melins innocentia tuetur quam eloquentia (Deratani, 109 n. 1). More cynically, Nep. Arist. 1.1. 19. Civitatium. . .: cf. Q. 2.16.4 enumerant gui perniciosa non singulis tantum sed rebus etiam publicis usi eloquentia turbaverint civitatium status vel everterint, with the same unusual plural of status (contrast below and Val. Max. 6.3.14) and the same contrast of individuals and states, and proceeding with the same example of Athens (recisam orandi potestatem finds an odd echo in accisas here). habuit: more navural ‘with contiones (TLL s.v. contio 731,7) than with seditiones. Burman’s aluit is better with seditiones (Tac. ann, 16.30) than with contiones, Gracchi: they appear in Q. 2.16.5. armis: though the image is very common (e.g. Tac. dial. 5.7 eloquentiam . . . qua accinctus .. . elusit 268, 363 sword: play), wemay note esp, Q.2.16,10 arma facundiae (cf.G. Assfahl, Vergleich wnd Metapher bei Quintlian (Stutegart, 1932), 84). 20 profuerit: not wo be emended (obfuerit Schultingh) or explained by making quantum = ‘how little’ (Wahlén, 175), but to be taken as ironi cally alluding to the formula on which the declaimer so insists (Becher). Ritter’s nocuerit would make a good point; but then so does profuerit Demosthenen: for his death see Pluc. Dem. 29-30. The point is that it swas his eloquence, in che Philippics, that brought bim to this end, Cice- ronem: cf. Cornelius Severus ap. Sen. S. 6.26 orague magnanimum spirantia paene virorum in rostris iacuere suis (also 19 Cordus); Florus 2.16 ills suis rostis, Behind at least the Cordus passage lies de orat. 3.10 in eis ipsisrostris. .. positurm caput illud fuit a quo erant multorum capita servata. See generally Mayor on Juv. 10.120 1. poena sua: poenae suce edd. since Pithoeus, unaware of the unanimity of the manuscripts: ‘as a result of the penalty imposed on him.” 21 deos: cf. Q. 3.7.8 (Apollo); Plat. symp. 186e 6 twséteQ0s mesyovos, "Aokiani6s, ds gaow olde of xoujtal . .., ovvéomoev Tiy Hueréouy xéqmv (Bryximachus speaks); Cels, pr. 2. This'is a topic of encomium, (RLM 587,11 quis sit inventor). 22 Contendamus sane: contendimus Rohde. For concessive sane in Q. see Lexicon, s.v. sane a; in our collection e.g. 247.9, 270.2 (also 257. 10 n.), securos: apparently “untroubled by the prospect of illness.” om- nibus: orsinis (Francius) and omen (Gronovius) have attractions, but seem not to be antique phrases (I'LL s.v. omen 575,47). For quod absit, Apul. met. 5.16. oratoremne consulet: cf. the argument at Tac. dial. sus: eye-diseases were especially prevalent in antiquity (and still are in the Bast): e.g. Q. 1.10.6 oculis aut oulseribus medenvar (reminis- cent of Cic. de orst. 3.132 morbis.. . vulneribus.. . oculis mederentur)s lau. Mil. 1318 (cf. 1108), Rud. 632; Nep. Hann. 4.3; Sen. ep. 64.8, 94.19~20.illam qua vulnera... .: carried away by anaphora, the speaker now seems to regard the reference of illam as to medicina. 23 consolaberis: a sly allusion to consolationes of philosophy. con- suleris (Ranconetus) or consultaberis would only repeat the point of 22 consulet, vinci: cf. Verg. Aen. 11.160. productus est . . .: the point, neatly rounding off the piece by a recurn to the father, is clearly that the father only lived long enough (for produco see 260.16 n.) to have three sons because of the help of medicine: expansion of the theme. ea(m) should cover something like eam actatem (Schultingh) or senectutem, but one still misses.a mention of the part played by medicine: hence usque eo ame (Ritter after Francius, Rohde), prorogatusque (cf. 260.16)364 Commentary arte mea (Pleiter), ad eam (quam vidistis senectutem per medicum fili- wn) (Leo}: all giving an odd order of words. 269 A conjectural ease allowing discussion of the locus de tormentis and offering close parallels with another depositum declamation, 312. Theme fill: ili rant C. But see 271 th., Wablén, 55-6, accersit: the form arcessa is found at 388.8 and favoured by manuscripts of the inst, (though note 7.3.33 accerserit A). For the form of the perfect, ef. Q. 7.2. 25, Sen. C. 9.4 th, torsit ipsum: the torture of free men started as carly as Ti (Bonner, 112; Garnsey (249.9 n.), 143 seq., 213 seq.), but tyrants might in any case be supposed to make their own rules (as did declaimers: 133,13L LIBERUM HOMINEM TORQUERI NE Ll- CEAT in an age that would not have known such a rule). Note, however, the implications of 7 below, 312.9, 338.31. Redit: the manuscripts vary (cf. on petit 245 th.) between redie: 333 th. (rediit B), 373 th. (cf. also 298.6) and rediit: 377 th. (twice). Elsewhere, for the short form, see e.g. Sen. C. 1.6 th., 3.3 th., 7.7.12 (all o be added to N-W 3.447). In what follows, petit will be present, and dixit would be out of line. 1. habuisse: cf. 312.4 (where rationes then corresponds to out 2 causa (also 353.3), and ubi credibilins . . . (5) to our 3). Cf. also Q. 7.2.50 an Juerit quod deponeretur ... an ullum deposuisse apud bunc vel buic credidisse credibile sit. ostendam habuisse: cf. 256.4 n. cupiditas: an obvious motive for withholding a depositum: 245.4 n. patrimonium: in-withholding the money, the poor man is withholding the estate, which had been turned into money. The remark helps the blackening of the poor man rather than proving further the point at issue. 2 ne quid . . .: for the declamatory omission of sed etiam here see Wahlén, 81. Por itineris of. 312.4, 3 fuit: fuerit Schultingh. But in view of the following ‘dialogue’ ‘Wahlén, 158 n. 2 scems right to defend the direct question. Nore also quem. (si) dep. fuit a. a. in civitate, quis Gronovius. Rohde, with the same worry, added a second in civitate with quis amicior (see Wablén, 38). One also feels a need of a hoc after quis. 4 consensum: of, 252.16 n. neque ego: one expects mec where, as here, the sense is me . . . quidem: see L-FI-Sz 450; s0 too, maybe, in 5. qui quaerebat: Rohde's quam leaves the sentence flat. With quis ‘where did 269.1-11 365 he believe the money to be, the man who put (the poor man) to the torture’ (for guaero thus, cf. 14). 5 propter llos: to their financial advantage. a fide: seems unparalleled (TLL s.v. fides 691,62), and Aerodius’ bona fide (cf. 296.11) is atractive. 2s ingenious avide gives the wrong sense. utsic dixerim: Iam not sure why this apology is added. male docuit is not without parallel (TLL sw. male 242,70). Pethaps the point is that patientia is normally a virwe. 6 pecuniam . . «: the declaimer recapitulates the arguments of 1~4, though sciunt seroi mei is new. The following sentence is problematic. Itcan hardly give one of the items summarised by illa, because that list is conditioned by si tortus non esses, while standing by itself ic interrupts the argument (si zamen answers si). have double-bracketed accordingly. ‘The words seem in place in the context of 5 (a variant, perhaps, for sed... patientia), 7 iam dices mihi: cf. 14: the poor man will stress the contrast of the two examinations. propter hoc .. 1 ic. I have not yet manumiteed them for their services in my exile just so that they may be tortured to give evidence for me. hoc nomine: that of slave (see 302.3 n.). 8 Facilius est . . .: you can bear our present straits more easily than I. For the comforting doctrine, see Eur. /.T. 1118-9 (and Plamnauer’s n., adding Hel. 417-9); Sen. C, 1.6.5, 2.1.18; Sen. trang. 8.2; Libanius 7.573,2. The same idea lies behind 260.21—2, 276.10. et omnino . . transition to 910: it is not only the money that is at stake. 10 dico: this, as much as mentior, is a question: surely I am not so foolish as to make an allegation that, if false, would not result ia my becoming rich again, The argument is no more than a variation on 9, qualis in . . .; as he did have the slaves then, this must refer to cum duobus servis. Shackleton Bailey suggests deletion of si manus, soli (or transposition to follow viverem). 411. simile: in the sense that motive, discussed in 9-10 on the side of the rich man, is now discussed for the poor man. quem . .. dicet: an astonishing construction, with no precise parallel in the cases cited at L-H-Sz 539-49 — though see D. Norberg, Syntakeische Forschungen (Uppsala, 1943), 258 —, but the result, I judge, of carelessness rather than late date, Hakanson suggests deletion of dicet; for the resulting construction see K-S 2.5378, The sense is not so much “what use would it be? as ‘what use could T make of it in the circumstances?” (cf. secreta). tamen secreta: even though kept hidden, as it would have to be, For this use of tamen see K-S 2.98.