Ni dung tham kho khi bo v A Nn Mng

Chuyn mc: Nn mng

1. PHN MNG NNG

Ni dung 1: La chn kch thc y mng hp l. Khi p lc di y mng nng c p min < 0 th khi tnh
ton cn lu iu g.
Ni dung 2: Kim tra chiu cao ca mng nng.
Ni dung 3: Tnh ton ct thp chu lc ca mng nng. Cc gi thit tnh ton.
Ni dung 4: Trnh t cc bc tnh ton ln ca mng. Chiu su tt ln.
Ni dung 5: Phm vi p dng gii php m ct gia c, cc ct gia c, mng nng trn nn t nhin. Gii
thch.
Ni dung 6: Gii thch gi thit mng cng khi tnh ton p lc di y mng. Ti sao ta li phi kim tra
ng sut ti y lp m ct khi nn t di y m l t yu.
Ni dung 7: Tnh cht vt l ca lp t sau khi gia c cc ct. S lng cc ct, cch b tr, chiu su
gia c cc ct.
2. PHN MNG CC
Ni dung 1: La chn kch thc cc, chiu su h cc.
Ni dung 2: Xc nh sc chu ti ca cc, s lng cc, b tr.
N dung 3: Kim tra kh nng chu lc ca cc,
Ni dung 4: Tnh ton ct thp cc.
Ni dung 5: Xc nh chiu cao i cc.
Ni dung 6: Tnh ton ct thp chu lc ca i cc, s tnh, gi thit.
Ni dung 7: D bo ln mng cc.

1.Ti sao phi vt mng nng....nu h0= 400 mnh chn on vt c chiu dy
150mm...ti sao li chn nh vy
1. Vt mng nng l tit kim, theo s tnh th mng ca bn c xem l dm
conson ngm tng hoc ct, do vy biu momen ca dm s c gi tr max ngm
v min m dm (mp mng) do vy cng xa chn tng, chn ct th chiu dy mng
cn thit c th b i. Vt mng phi li chiu dy mp mng ti thiu l h =
max(6fi+6; 2/5xh0) vi fi l ct thp ln nht trong mng, c iu kin ny l v m
bo b tng khng b chy v b tr ct thp. p dng vo bi ca bn s ra cu tr
li.
2.Ti sao khong cch cc cc chn t 3d n 6d...nu ti( thy ) chn 2.5D th c
chp nhn c khng?
2. Phi chn khong cch gia cc cc t 3D-6D l v bn thit k mng cc vi gi thit s
lm vic ca cc cc khng nh hng n nhau, tc l xem nh cc n, s lm vic ca
cc n v nhm cc l rt khc nhau (khc th no th bn nn tm hiu ti liu, ni y
s rt di dng). Khi K/C gia cc cc ln cho biu p lc gia cc cc khng chm
nhau th xem nh l cc n v khi y SCT ca mng s bng tng SCT ca tng cc (A
bn lm th ng khng?). Qua nghin cu th ngi ta thy khi K/C gi cc cc >6D th
cc cc lm vic nh cc n, khi K/C <3D th cc cc s nh hng rt ln n nhau, khi
K/C t 3D-6D th nh hng gi cc cc ko nhiu v c th b qua. Do vy m bo
ng GI THIT tnh ton v K KINH T th chn K/C gi cc cc t 3D-6D l hp l nht.
nu thy ch 2.5D th khng nh l khng c v nh vy ton b tnh ton ca em s
khng lm nh th ny, ban u em gi thit khc m.
3.v saon phi tnh ct thp dc
3. Ct thp dc ca cc tnh ton chu lc trong qu trnh vn chuyn v th cng, c th
l chu m men do ti trng bn thn khi cu lp v khi dng cc ln ng (v s tnh
v v biu m men ra). thc ra n cn cng vi b tng chu ti trng (chu nn) khi
ng v khi a v s dng nhng mnh khng tnh (trong SCT ca cc theo VL c nhc n
n ng khng?)
4. tnh h0 da theo iu kin no ...mt s b tr li lm theo cng thc nhu trong
thuyt minh nhng thy lc u
4. Tnh ho theo iu kin mng b chc thng do ng sut ko chnh. ch cn ni vy thi
(thy lc u l v thy cn th khc t bn ch khng cn cng thc, thy cn nguyn l v
cng thc bn khng th nh dc, nguyn l suy ra cng thc ch khng th c iu ngc
li)
5.ti sao h mng > hmin
5. chn hm>hmin v trong tnh ton gi thit ti trng ngang hon ton l do t t y i
tr ln tip nhn. Do vy chiu su chn i phi t nht ln hn chiu su hmin, chiu sau
hmin tnh cng thc ca theo p lc t b ng bn c t, bn xem li cng thc s thy
chnh l n.
6. ti sao chn ct thp dc ca cc
6. Ct thp dc chn nh th l n cng vi b tng lm vic chu nn theo trng thi
do, ct thp v b tng cng b ph hoi (hm lng ct thp hp l, xem thm phn cu
kin chu nn - sch b tng 1). Ci ny trong n khng tnh m ngi ta chn theo kinh
nghim. ngoi ra ct thp dc cn phi m bo chu lc nh tr li cu 3.
7. ti sao gc m thng l 45

7. Gc m thng l gc 45 v l phng ca ng sut ko chnh trong b tng. y

ang tnh ton m thng do ng sut ko chnh m, phi khng?
8. ti sao mng bng tnh cho 1 m chiu di
8. Mng bng tnh cho 1m di v theo phng dc mng cng chng un rt ln, do vy
theo phng ny ta khng cn tnh ton m ch t thp theo cu to, vy ti sao khng ct
ra 1m m tnh cho d
9. ti sao ngm mc vo b tng on 10 mm
10. ti sao ct thp phi tnh theo momen
10. Bn tnh ton ct thp mng vi s mng lm vic nh 1 dm nh vy dm s chu
un, ct do phn lc t vi mng nng v phn lc u cc vi mng cc. Mng s chu
ko bin di v nn bin trn, nn th b tng chu, cn ko th ta phi dng n thp,
do vy cn tnh ton thp chu c m men ny.
...................updating.............
Theo mnh l th ny:
2. Khong cch cc cc 3d-6d trnh hin tng nh hng do nhm cc, cn "nh hng
nhm cc" th no th bn c sch
3.Ct thp dc ca ci g?Tnh Ct thp ca cc m bo sc chu ti ca cc theo vt
liu, chu momen trong qu trnh thi cng (cu lp)
4. h0 ca ci g?
5. Chiu su chn mng hm > hmin m bo iu kin chu lc ngang ca i
6. ct thp ca cc th chn trc, xong ri kim tra theo iu kin sc chu ti ca cc theo
vt liu, cu lp trong thi cng tha mn l c, nhng m phi chn ng knh thp
tng ng vi tit din cc tham kho trong sch y
7. gc m thng ko phi chnh xc 45 u, khi tnh ton th chn gc 45 , cn ti sao
li m thng theo 1 gc xin th lin quan n kin thc sc bn v BTBT nn ko nh
na
8. Mng bng lm vic theo phng b rng mng nn trong tnh ton chn 1 n v di
l 1 m cho d, cc cng trnh khc cng th v d: n BTCT khi tnh ton bn lm vic
theo phng cnh ngn th ta tnh ton cho di bn rng 1m, ri bn mt cu cng th, tnh
ton kt cu v hm cng cng chn t hm di 1m
9.ko hiu cu hi
10. ct thp mng nng tnh theo m men v mc chu p lc t v ti trng cng tnh gy
ra mmen ln nht ti mp ct, ta phi tnh ct thp chu momen ny, cn lc ct v lc
dc th b tng chu ri

1. V sao anh li t mng trn nn t nhin?

2. V sao anh chn kch thc mng bng nh th ny ?
3. Mc ch ca p v u cc lm g ?
4. V sao 4 thanh thp ch u mi ct di khng bng nhau?
5. V sao phi un thanh thp trong ct 1 on 200mm ?
6. Chng minh 1 vi cng thc (mnh ko nh r cng thc no na) ?
7 . V sao cc ct nh ln mt dt 0.3m hay 0.5m ?
1. Gi s khi thi cng , cng nhn o nhm khong cch t u cc ti ti CT mc cu,
trong bi Vd anh tnh = 1700, cng nhn o nhm 2 u su vo 300mm, anh l gsct ->

anh c cho cu cc ln xe , hay h coc ng ko?

V sao?
Tra li: V b momen cho cc...so snh vi thp
--------2. Gii thch cng thc Fk' = Fk/2 vi nhng ai hc thy Bi Thun
v Fk' = Fk/4 vi nhng ai hc thy Ph, thy Hng ..?
--------3. Gi s thit b c cc ch c th a cc n su = 2/3 su m e vit trong thuyt
minh cng nh bn v ny , th lc y em s a ra sut g, ti sao?
1.Em tnh chiu cao mng nh th no ?
2.V thp m thng ?
3.Ct thp ny tnh th no ? v hnh biu din
4.Ti sao em li lm mng vt 2 bn m khng lm hnh ch nht ?
5.Tnh li ng sut bn thn ti im ... ?
6.Ch vo khong cch t u cc n mc cu v hi l kch thc g ? tnh th no ?
7.Trong nh xng cng nhn t sai kich thc th c cho cu ,mc ln khng ?
8.Tnh thp mc cu nh th no ?
9.Thp 1,2 trong i tnh nh th no ? v hnh
10.Thp 3,4 ti sao li ly nh th ?
11.Sao li c thp gi s 5 (4thanh/1m2,nh trong hnh n ca mnh).
12.Nu khng chia thnh 2 cc nh hnh v th trong thit k thay i nhng g ?
13.Tnh ln mng cc nh th no ? v hnh ? nu cc i lng trong cng thc ?
14.Tnh chiu cao i nh th no ?
15.V thp m thng ?
16.Khi em thay i chiu di cc th nhng g thay i ? lm th c c khng ?
17.Ch vo phn m ct : ti sao li l 30*
18.Xc nh kch thc m nh th no ?
19.Yu cu sau khi thi cng m ct ?
1.Cho 3 cc trong mng hnh tam gic ,tnh ln ?
2.Cch tnh sc chu ti khi nh cc ln ?
V sao 4 thanh thp ch u mi ct di khng bng nhau?
Theo tiu chun xy dng 356-2005, th ti mt mt ct bt k s thanh thp khng c
chnh lch qu 50%. V d, trong n bn ang lm th ct c 4 thanh thp, nh vy ti 1
mt ct khng phi l v tr ni s c 4 thanh. nu nh 4 thanh thp ch ti u ct m
bng nhau th khi ni thp ct, ti v tr ni s c 8 thanh thp (tc l chnh so vi
mt ct ti v tr khc l 8-4 =4 thanh) nh vy s chnh lch l 4/4 x100% =100% >50%
=> nh vy l khng c, cn thp ch di khng bng nhau th ti mt ct ni s c 6
thanh (chnh 6-4=2 thanh) nh vy chnh 2/4 x100% = 50% => tho mn tiu chun.
Cn c 1 cch gii thch khc nu khng bit tiu chun, ci ny ti quyn mt. Hnh nh l
ti v tr ni th ng sut tp trung phc tp. bn xem li cun Kt cu b tng ct thp ca
thy Cng hnh nh c.
My thy tr hay xon v phn thi cng , anh em kha trc ai c kinh nghim j khi dnh
nhng cu hi kiu ny: (su tm hm 53cd6 bo v):
Cu hi xon phn mng cc i thp:
1. Gi s khi thi cng , cng nhn o nhm khong cch t u cc ti ti CT mc

cu, trong bi Vd anh tnh = 1700, cng nhn o nhm 2 u su vo 300mm, anh
l gsct -> anh c cho cu cc ln xe , hay h coc ng ko?
V sao?
Tra li: V b momen cho cc...so snh vi thp
--------2. Gii thch cng thc Fk' = Fk/2 vi nhng ai hc thy Bi Thun
v Fk' = Fk/4 vi nhng ai hc thy Ph, thy Hng ..?
--------3. Gi s thit b c cc ch c th a cc n su = 2/3 su m e vit
trong thuyt minh cng nh bn v ny , th lc y em s a ra sut g, ti
sao?
Phn mng nng ti nay tng hp ln anh em tham kho ca 4 thy : Thun , Ph , 1 thy
tr coi thi nn mng 53cd7 sng nay v 1 thy tr na ko bit tn
Cu 1: pmax 1.2 [p] nh vy ti v tr pmax c b ph hy khng?
[p] = pgh/Fs vi Fs thng ly gi tr 2.0 3.0 do vi pmax = 1.2[p] ta c h s an ton
thc s Fs* = pgh/1.2[p] = Fs/1.2 c ngha l pmax 1.2[p] tng ng vi h s an
ton Fs* (2.0 3.0)/1.2 > 1.0 nn khng c s ph hy xy ra vi nn!
Nu hiu iu kin khng ch (gii hn) y l pmax k.[p] vi k l h s tn dng iu
kin lm vic ca t nn trn mt phm vi hn ch nhm mc ch tit kim . Theo TCXD
45-1978 hin vn p dng th k c th p dng n 1.5 cho trng hp lch tm hai
phng!
Cu 2: Trong tnh ton sc chu ti ca nn c bao gi tnh n trng hp ma l
hay nc ngm dng t ngt khng?
Vic phn tich c bao gm c tnh hung nc dng c t ra khi c l do chng t
nguy c xut hin, chng hn thit k tha mn tn sut ma/l no theo yu cu
cho cng trnh c th. Vic tnh ton ny thng lm tng kch thc/ su t mng v s
xut hin p lc nc l rng khng mng mun do nc dng lm gim cng ca t
nn.
Cu 3: Thy cho em bit c s tnh ton cng thc E0ch = (1 f)E0 + f.Ectrong cc
ct.
y l cng thc gn ng xy dng trn c s trung bnh c trng s trong trng s
chnh l t din tch ca cc ct trong mt n nguyn x l (xem Chng 3 Gio trnh Nn
v mng)
Cu 4: Trong tnh ton kim tra mng khi qui c ca mng cc i thp khi tnh
jtb c cng thc ... nhng khi tnh thng b qua nhng lp t yu th jtb= ? .
Nu ta coi tt c cc lp t l nh nhau v tnh ton jtb cho c lp t yu c c
khng lm nh th c an ton hn khng?

Mng cc c coi nh mt khi khng bin dng (cn gi l mng khi qui c) vi kch
thc xc nh da vo gc huy ng t xung quanh tham gia vo s lm vic ca h
thng cc v t gia v xung quanh cc cc. Phm vi huy ng c th xc nh theo nhiu
ngh khc nhau. Hin c hai cch thng dng l xc nh theo a = jtb/4 bt u t mp
ngoi ca cc bin k t su y i v a = 30 k t 1/3 di cng ca cc. Khi xy
dng theo cch u th jtb l gc ma st trong trung bnh ca t trong phm vi t mi cc
n y i, k c lp t yu c ji = 0 (ng nhin tch li.ji= li.0 = 0 nn nhm tng l
khng k n s c mt ca t yu! nhng di mu s vn c thnh phn li = 0). Theo
cch th hai (cc nc Phng Ty thng p dng) nu cc i qua mt s lp t yu
trn th gc a = 30 c p dng t su 1/3 di cng ca phn cc trong t khng
yu. Trong trng hp sau cng ny, nu k c lp t yu na th thin v khng an ton
(v y mng m rng trong khi ti trng khng i ko theo ln d bo nh i!)
Cu 5: Khi ni suy e01, e02 t ng cong e-p m pi nh hn 100 th chnh xc
khng cao do e01, e02 qu b. C cch no ni suy chnh xc nht khng?
c th ni suy chnh xc hn trn th ng cong nn nn biu din quan h e lg(s)
v khi trn trc honh on c gi tr snh s c dn rng ra. (lg(10) = 1; lg(100) = 2
ta c Dlgs = 1; lg(100) = 2; lg(200) ta c Dlgs = 0.3... hay khong t lg(10) n lg(100)
trn trc honh rng hn khong t lg(100) n lg(200) n 3 ln trong khi trn th e
s on sau c Ds = (100 200) = 100 di hn on trc Ds = 90.
Cu 6: S nh trong n c khe nhit (hai ct st vo nhau). Khi tnh ct thep
mng chn vt ny phi tnh nh th no? C cn kim tra li kch thc y mng
(theo cng - bin dng) khng?
Vic kim tra kch thc y mong vn tin hnh bnh thng nhng cn lu l ti trng
(N0, M0) dng xc nh ptx phi di v trng tm y mng theo nguyn tc ca sc
bn vt liu.
Ct thp c tnh trn c s m men un do phn lc t ln y mng gy ra nh nhng
trng hp khc.
Cu 7: Khi d bo sc chu ti ca cc theo th nghim SPT th Ni ly theo N hay
N60v nn t c c t dnh v t ri.
V nguyn tc, tt c cc gi tr ca N phi chuyn i v N60 trc khi p dng vo phn
tch, tnh ton. Tuy vy, nu cng thc p dng c vit cho N th khng phi chuyn i.
C th ni cc phng tin (cng thc) p dng hai gi tr k trn hin nhiu tng ng
nhau do ngi ta pht hin ra s cn thit phi qui i v N60 hi mun nhng v lu di c
l n s chim u th. Mt khi c kinh nghim p dng N60 cho mi phn tch th gi
tr ban u N s tr thnh im xut pht theo ng ngha ca n.
Cu 8: Tnh thc t v kh nng p dng ca n vo thc t?

Ni dung ca n v cc tnh hung thit k u c th p dng vo thc t v bn thn

n c ly t cc cng trnh thc sau khi gin lc bt iu kin a cht phng n
nn v mng tr nn r rng hn m thi. n l mt c hi tp dt thit k trong
ngoi yu cu tp hp cc kin thc lin quan c trong sch v t nhiu mn hc khc nhau
l kh nng t chc cng vic, kh nng trnh by vn v bo v quan im ca mnh.
Tt c cc ni dung/yu cu u xut pht t thc t v cho thc t sau ny.
Cu 9: Khi so snh p [p] v pmax 1.2 [p] kim tra kch thc y mng vi
sai s >10% c c khng? bao nhiu l tha mn.
Kch thc y mng c xc nh/la chn theo nhiu yu cu khc nhau ca cc trng
thi gii hn v hiu qu kinh t. Cc ni dung lin quan n p v pmax ch l mt phn
nh; sai s 5 hay 10% ch c tnh cht c nh v bn thn bi ton hiu qu kinh t cn
lin quan n nhiu yu t khc, chng hn kh nng thi cng; kh nng tn dng thi
tit...V k thut, sai s cn hn ch trc ht th hin t tng tit kim ngay t thit
k v trong s nhiu yu t nh hng (c th gi l mt bi ton hm nhiu bin) th
vic la chn yu t u tin l khu quan trng nht, cc yu t khc khng cn m cng
khng th qu ngt ngho.
Trong n mn hc, thng nht hn ch di 10% .
Cu 10: Khi tnh ton 2 mng n ca mt cng trnh, ln ca 2 mng lch nhau
> 3cm c c khng?
c hay khng ph thuc chnh vo khong cch gia hai mng v s chnh lch c
gy ra ng sut ph thm cho kt cu hay khng; ng sut l bao nhiu v c nguy
him cho cng trnh hay khng; c lm thay i ct cng trnh ti cc v tr lin quan hay
khng v s thay i c nh hng n s dng cng trnh hay khng...mi l vn
cn quan tm. Tm li l ln/chnh lch ln gy ra hu qu g? c chu ng c khng?
c c php nh vy khng? mi l vn .
Cu 11: Vai tr ca ging mng? Khi no th cn c ging mng v cu to c th
ca ging mng.
Ging mng l mt kt cu c dng lin kt cc mng/kt cu trn mng li nhm
tng cng cng ca ton h. Ngoi ra ging c th s dng nh dm d phn tng
bn trn. Ty thit k ca K s m cn phi c mng/nn gia cng di ging hoc
khng. Ngoi tr trng hp trn ging c tng bt buc phi tnh ton cn thn, ging
mng c th t theo cu to hoc tnh ton s lm vic ca n trong tng th h kt cu.
Ni chung c th la chn kch thc tit din ging theo nhim v ca n v cc yu cu
cu to sau kim tra li nh cc cu kin BTCT bnh thng khc (chng hn, chiu cao
chn theo chiu di nhp; b rng chn theo chiu cao hoc b rng tng bn trn...)
Cu 12: Em thy trong ti liu Nn mng do Thy vit c s chnh lch gia pxt v
[p] l tng i ln. L do ti sao chp nhn c iu ? iu c tnh n vn
kinh t khng?

Trong trng hp ti trng lch tm ln th nn cn c vo pmax tm kim thit k kch

thc y hp l. Lu rng ngay c nh vy (hn ch 5/10%..) cng ch l bc la chn
ban u m thi. Thit k l mt qu trnh gn ng dn c v k thut ln kinh t. Qu
trnh ny i hi ngoi kin thc l thi gian v trch nhim. Phn ln cc v d trong sch
mang tnh minh ha cc bc thc hin mt lung t duy xc lp trc l ch yu,
cc khng ch c v k thut, c v kinh t khng th theo st hon ton: mt phn Thy
khng cho n mang nhiu ngha lm; phn khc, quan trng hn, cc yu cu c th c
nu ra trong cc Nhim v thit k thng c thay i theo thi gian xy dng cng trnh
tuyg thuc vo Tiu chun lc / mun ch quan ca Ch u t/ trnh cng ngh ...
Cu 13: Nu tha mn yu cu kinh t (<10%) nh Thy ni th mng s lm l
n cm (v d 1.36m). Nh vy c c khng?
V mt nguyn tc th hon ton c v chng ta ang bn v mng BTCT. Tuy vy, ngi
ta khng lm th. Mt phn, thm bt vi cm khng ng bao nhiu m i khi li gy kh
cho thi cng li bt cp hi; phn quan trng, con s 10% ch l c nh ch quan cho
la chn ban u ch khng phi qui nh ca php lut. Ngoi ra, trong xy dng thng
c 10% kinh ph d phng! Lm rung th ra, lm nh th tn!
Cu 14: Xin Thy cho bit cch chn kch thc mng (b x l) m phi tha mn cc
iu kin ptx [p]; pmax 1.2[p] v {1.2[p] pmax}/pmax 5%. Bn thn em
thy rt kh. Thy ch r cch lm nhanh tha mn cc iu kin trn.
Khng c cch no lm nhanh c v chng ta khng xi mn m n lin! c th tha
mn cc iu kin trn c th dng phng php th l nhanh hn c: u tin tm b
tha mn k 1 (xem th minh ha trang 50 sch Gio trinh); tng t cho cc iu kin
sau.
Cu 15: Ti sao khi tnh ln theo tng lp phn t phi chn hi b/4?
Khng ai bt buc nh th c, ch l li khuyn nhm gim bt khi lng cng vic tnh
ton m thi v trc y ton tnh th cng thi. By gi ch vi my bm tay cng khng
ngi g khi lng!
Cu 16: Trong mng nng phi t thp Fmin = ? v khong cch amin = ?
Xem yu cu cu to mng, trang 43 Gio trnh. Thng chn Fmin = 10; amin= 250/300
Cu 17: Nguyn l tnh ton ging mng? C th tnh theo s khng gian c
khng?
Xem Cu 11 trn. Ni r thm tnh ton ging hon ton c thc hin theo thit k
ca K s. C th khai bo ging nh l mt cu kin bnh thng trong h kt cu tng th
ca cng trnh phn tch.

Cu 18: Em t mng su 0.4m trn nn ct nh (dy 2m), bn di l t

yu (bn st). Vic lm ny c hp l khng? Trng hp no khng c?
Vic ny ch hp l khi ti trng cng trnh b khng gy ra mt n nh cho lp t yu.
C th coi y l trng hp ring ca thit k m ct trong chiu dy m b hn
ch.
su t mng 0.4m ni chung l tng i b do phi cn c vo ct 0.00 trong thit
k kin trc, ct nn xung quanh cng trnh mi quyt nh c 0.4m hay nh hn na c
chp nhn c khng.
Cu 19: Khi no s dng ti trng tnh ton v ti trng tiu chun trong tnh ton
mng nng?
Trong phn tch thit k nn mng ni chung, ch c gi tr tnh ton (nu ta mun gi nh
vy) ca ti trng c s dng cho tnh ton vi mi trng thi. Nn s dng thut ng
Ti trng danh ngha thay cho Ti trng tiu chun . Gi tr tnh ton ca ti trng c
xc nh t gi tr danh ngha sao cho m bo an ton cho cng trnh bng cch tc dng
vo gi tr dnah ngha yu t an ton m ta thng gi l h s vt ti. Lu , ngay c khi
h s bng 1 th ngha ca hai gi tr vn phi c hiu khc nhau (c li cc trang 25
28 ca Gio trnh).
Cu 20: Thit k mng cc th iu kin kinh t nh th no?
Ci gi l iu kin tit kim y c rt rt nhiu yu t tc ng vo. Ni ring v vic
la chn kch thc cc (Lc, Dc) c th tm nu mt tiu ch l khi lng b tng cc/1 tn
ti trng hoc ngc li ti trng (tn)/1 m3 b tng cc so snh.
Cu 21: Ti sao [P]vl> [P]n? Chn [P]vl tng ng [P]n c khng?
t nn l th tri cho, vt liu l th ta lm ra do nn u tin khai thc ht nhng g
tri cho trc. Chn tng ng l tt nht hiu theo ngha kinh t gin n tuy vy iu
ny t khi t c.
Cu 22: Ging mng t chn ct v y mng khc nhau nh th no?
t u cng c, ty thch ca K s thit k l chnh. Tuy vy, v phng din kt
cu, t y mng lm cho nhp ging ngn li, cng cao hn nu c cng tit din.
Nu su t mng ln,vic t ct 0.0 s lm tng cng chng un ca ct, c li
co ct hn. c bit khi c gim lch tm cho mng th nn t 0.00.
Cu 23: Khi di mng nng c pmin < 0 th tnh ct thp nh th no?
Cn phi tnh li s phn b phn lc t ln y mng vi quan nim phn p < 0 ly p = 0
do t khng c kh nng chu ko. Vi phn lc mi, vic tnh m men un bn mng
nh thng thng.

Cu 24: Nn t trong n ca em khng c th nghim nn e p, em tnh ln

theo cng thc l thuyt n hi th c cn tnh v v biu ng sut tnh
chiu su nh hng khng? Em ly chiu su nh hng Hn = (2 3)b c c
khng? c cn k n nh hng cutra mng gn nhau khng?
Nn xy dng cc biu xc nh chiu dy chu nn mt cch tin cy hn. Lu
khi p dng Hn = (2 3)b th b hoc l b rng mng hoc l b rng nh/cng trnh ty
theo khong cch gia cc mng.
Cu 25: Vic cu to v tnh ton cho 2 mng n st nhau khe ln nh th no?
Hin nhin l phi cu to 2 mng lch v hai pha. y mng lch tm v hnh thc ch
cha chc lch tm v truyn ti do nh hng ca thnh phn m men chn ct t ti
trng cng trnh thng lm gim lch tm ca tng ti trng.
Cu 26: S khc nhau c bn gia mng bng di ct v mng bng di tng?
Ti trng ln mng bng di tng ch yu do tng gy ra do n xut hin trn mng
khi c thc hin lm cho cng chung ca h mng tng tng i ln, mng c
coi l mng cng; mng bng di ct chu ti trng tp trung chn ct l ch yu; ti
trng ny xut hin khi cng ca mng khng thay i v tng i b (do chiu di
mng ln) nn phi coi l mng c cng hu hn (mng mm). S lm vic ca hai loi
mng ny khc hn nhau.
Cu 27: Ti trng khong bao nhiu th s dng cc khoan nhi? n ca em c
ti trng chn ct N = 500T, su 26m mi c lp si sn, cc lp trn u xu,
em dng cc khoan nhi c c khng?
Ti trng no cng c th lm cc nhi cng nh ti trng no cung c th dng cc c
sn. Tuy vy, do bn cht ca cc nhi l kh/khng th kim sot cht lng nn chi dng
n khi khng cn cch no khc, chng hn ti trng qu ln khng th c ch b tr
cc c sn. Vi ti trng 500T hon ton khng cn thit phi dng cc nhi. Mt mt. y
cha phi l gi tr qu ln; mt khc n khng hn ch mt bng. Ngoi ra, c th
m bo c cht lng cc nhi, nn chn kch thc khng di 800 v do la chn 2
cc nhi tr nn qu t .
Cu 28: Lm r hn v gii php gia c cc ct cho mng bng di tng!
Cc ct c dng trong gia c nn trc ht l nn cht t. Biu hin ca n l h s
rng ban u ca t gim lm cho t c cht hn, ln ca nn khi chu ti trng
cng trnh s gim xung. Ngoi ra, s c mt ca ct trong t yu lm tng gc ma st
chung ca t lm cho cng ca t nn cng c ci thin. Mt s tin ch khc xy
ra trong t thng c tc dng tt, chng hn tng tc c kt.
Thit k cc ct ch yu da vo hiu qu gim h s rng, cc ct cho mng bng cng

khng ngoi l. Do trc ht phi m bo lm gim h s rng nh mong mun bng

cch b tr cch u cc cc. Ni chung khng nn b tr di 3 hng v trc dc mng
trng vi trc dc ca mt bng cc.
Cu 29: Th no l nn ng nht? khi no th xem nn l ng nht?
Nn ni chung khng ng nht, ngay c khi ch c mt loi t v thng ch c th tng
i ng nht v bn cht vt l cn tnh cht c hc lun thay i theo su do nh
hng ca ng sut ban u. Trng hp trong phm vi nh hng ca cng trnh (chng
hn trong phm vi chu ln) nn ch c mt loi t v s thay i tnh cht c hc l khng
ng k th c th xem nn l ng nht. Trong trng hp ny ta gi l ng nht theo
ngha k thut. Hai bi ton c bn lin quan n s lm vic ca nn di cng trnh l
bin dng v cng do cng c hai khi nim ng nht lin quan n chng. Nu
c hai u c th xem l ng nht th ta c nn dng nht.Ngc li ta ni nn ng nht
v bin dng/v cng .
Cu 30: Trong lm nh c th ging di ri mi xy bng gch hoc c
khng?
C th c v thng gp khi ging t cao trnh y mng. Mt loi cu to khc cng
c gi l ging thng t ct 0.00 c nhim v chng thm ln tng th ng nhin
phi t sau.
Cu 31: Kim tra chc thng mng vi gc 450 ly c s u? sao khng ly nh
hn hay ln hn?
Gc 45 l gc xut hin ng sut ko ln nht (ng sut ko chnh) trong cu kin chu
p mt cc b (xem Sc bn vt liu) do l ni nguy him nht i vi cc loi vt liu
c kh nng chu nn tt hn chu ko rt nhiu nh b tng. m bo kh nng an ton
di tc dng ca ng sut ko ln nht cng c ngha l m bo c an ton ca mng
do tnh ton phi thc hin trn tit din . Nu khng th m bo c ch nh vo
b tng ngi ta phi b tr thm thp xin chu ko vung gc vi tit din .
Cu 32: Lp t lp dy 1.6m th t y i su 1.6m c chu c ti trng
ngang hay khng?
t lp l thut ng dng ch loi t c ngun gc nhn to khng theo mt qui tc no
khi xut hin do tnh cht rt bt thng, tin cy khi s dng km. Tuy vy khng c
ngha l loi t yu, ch n gin l ta kh c c thng tin v n m thi. Ngoi ra, ngay
c t yu cng c th tip nhn c phn no ti trng nn khng c l g t lp khng
tip nhn c ti trng. m bo kt qu phn tch c th tin cy c, trong trng
hp ny ta nn s dng t mi lp mng vi cc ch tiu c l c la chn mt cch
thch hp l c.
Cu 33: Trong thit k cc nhi, ng vch h n su bao nhiu? Dung dch st
c tc dng g? c lm gim ma st gia cc v t khng?

C hai loi ng vch khc nhau v chiu di: sut chiu di cc hoc ch mt on trn.
Trng hp ch s dng ng vch cho on trn vi chiu di hn ch th phi cn c vo
iu kin t nn m la chn sao cho khi thi cng s hot ng ca thit b khng gy ra
st l thnh h o, khng tn tht dung dch khoan lm nh hng n cht lng cc.
Chiu di thng p dng theo kinh nghim thi cng ti tng khu vc c th, chng hn,
khu vc H ni, chiu di 5 7 m c la chn.
Dung dch khoan ni chung c tc dng to p lc ngc t h khoan ln thnh gy ra dng
thm dung dch vo t, hn ch t trn thnh l vo h. Do dung dch c nht cao,
dng thm dung dch vo t li trn thnh mt mng mng c tc dng tng cng s
n nh tm thi ca t trn thnh do to c hi nng cao cht lng cc.
Lp mng li trn thnh h t nh hng n ma st ca cc vi t xung quanh: mt
mt, khi b tng dng ln,ma st gia b tng vi thnh h rt ln s c bc g lp mng
ny ra, trn ln vi phn b tng xu trn cng; mt khc trong qu trnh tn ti, s thay
i p lc nc l rng trong t s c phn t ny tr li bnh thng. Ni chung
dy ca lp ny rt nh, khng nh hng ng k n ma st t cc, s gim, nu c,
khng ng c xt n mt cch chi tit trong tnh ton (v c vo h s trit gim
theo phng php thi cng)
Cu 34: Em thy mng c nhiu loi, mi loi c cch tnh ring liu c phn mm
no cho tng loi mng khng?
Tnh ton mng thng rt n gin do khng cn phi c phn mm ring, cc K s
thng da vo Excel lp cc bng tnh cho mnh. Ring phn tch mng mm (mng
bng, mng b) c th s dng cc phn mm kt cu thng dng hin nay cng c.
Trong s cc phn mm c th dng phn tch mng, SAFE l mt phn mm d s
dng. B mn, c nhiu sinh vin tin hc thc hin cc phn mm theo yu cu nhng
phn ln ch dng li v khng c trin vng thng mi.
Cu 35: Trong mng cc hqu l on no? t mt t n y di hay n mi cc?
hqu c tnh t mt t n mi cc.

cu hi bo v N NN MNG

Cu hi Bo v n Nn mng thng gp, < tng hi- khng bit gi c cn hi li

khng na!>

1, Th no l mng nng, th no l mng cc?

Mng nng l mng c tc dng truyn ti trng t cng trnh xung nn t
thng qua tip xc gia y mng v t nn

Mng cc truyn ti trng t cng trnh xung nn t thng qua lc ma st

thnh cc v lc khng mi cc
2, Phn bit mng cc i thp & mng cc i cao?
Mng cc i thp l mng cc c su mng >hmin nn b qua ti trng
ngang khi tnh ton
Mng cc i cao c su chn mng <hmin nn trong tnh ton phi tnh
n ti trng ngag
3, Cc BTCT trong mng cc i thp c tnh ct thp khng? Tnh nh th
no?
c phi tnh ct thp cc m bo sc chu ti ca cc theo vt liu,
cu lp trong thi cng
4, Trong mng cc i thp, ti sao phi b tr khong cch cc cc t 3d6d?
m bo cc cc lm vic nh cc n, ko chu nh hng ca cc bn
cnh to thnh cc nhm cc
5, Cc i thp c chu un khng? gii thch?
6, Sc chu ti theo t nn ca cc ph thuc vo nhng yu t no? Gii
thch?
Pdn= (Qc + Qs)/Fs0
Qc : lc khng mi cc = anpha2.R.F
Qs: lc ma st thnh cc = anpha1* UiTi.hi
7,ti sao tnh ln cho ctrnh li dng ti trng tiu chun trong khi kim tra
kh nng chu lc ca nn v mng li dng ti trng tnh ton
Tt tnh ton s dng tnh ton n nhng s sai khc trong qu trnh thi
cng, ch to lm thay i ti trng theo hng nguy him
Khi ktra kh nng lm vic th dng ti trng tiu chun
8, bn cht ca phng php cng ln cc lp phn t l j
Chia nh ra trn c s th tch ht t khng thay i ko lm nh hng n
h s rng
9, th no l p lc hiu dng ca t nn tc dng ln y mng....
10,nu phi ni hai cc li vi nhau (1 cc 8m v mt cc 5m) th nn b tr
nh th no, on no trc.
11, Gii thch cc h s trong biu thc tnh ton p lc tiu chun ca t
nn (45-78. v 45-70) ti Rtc (Rii) li ph thuc vo b.
12, Ti sao khi xc nh sc chu ti ca t nn hay trong tnh ln ngi ta
thng chia nh lp t thnh cc lp nh.
Chia nh ra trn c s th tch ht t khng thay i ko lm nh hng n
h s rng
13,Ti sao lp nc b tng l 3 cm khi kh, 7 cm khi t.
14, cao mp mng n , mng bng tnh trn c s no
Trn c s v iu kin chng m thng
Pdt= (Pdt-).Ldt.b
Pcdt= anpha.Rk.ho.btb
15, cao mng bng ti v tr mp dm bng tnh trn c s no
16, vi mng bng: ti ct bin trng hp mng kt thc ti mp ct v

ko di thm ra ngoi ct ging v khc nhau g v s lm vic v tnh

ton.
17,Vi mng bng, cng nh mng t hp 2 ct ( mng i) th kim tra
ct theo chc thng hay ct nh dm thng thng, ti sao.
18, v sao chc thng kim tra theo 45 , c trng hp c bit khc
khng?
Theo hng ng sut ko chnh
19, V sao chc thnh kim tra theo ho m khng KT theo h ( chiu cao
mng)
V trong mng, thp l thnh phn chu ng sut ko, nn khi kim tra m
thng kim tra theo ho
20, Vi ging b tr 1 lp st: v tr lp st nm pha trn, gia, di ca
Tit din ging. ti sao.
21,Nu gia hai ct c tng xy th l ging tng hai ging mng. S
ging v khc nhau v bn cht ca hai loi ging ny.
Ging tng. ging mng tng cng ca ton h. ging tng phn b ti
trng t tng xung nn
22,Ti sao tng chiu su chn mng th ln gim?
23, Khng cn lm lp m mng c hay khng?
24, Khi o h mng c din tch ln m ngi cng nhn l tay dng my
o su hn mt phng y mng 1 h to Su.rng.cao (cm) = 30.60.80 th
ta x l sai st ny nh th no.??
25, khi ng ct m n v thi cng ng cc khng ng , v d thit k
ng cc vung gc vi mt t m l ng nghing 30 so vi phng
thng ng th lm sao?
Rt cc ln v lm li. kim tra kh nng chu ko ca cc. v thay i
phng n thit k rt mt thi gian
26,Cch tnh Momen I-I v II-II ?
27,Tnh li thp b mng nh th no?
28,Tnh ton theo t nn hay theo vt liu ?ti sao?cch tra bng ( v d
tra Ri,tra A,B,....)
29, v sao em chn cch ny m khng chn cch khc?!
NN V MNG
1,x l nn t yu nh th no?
2,c my loi mng nng , hy gii thch?
3,lng th chc thng , iu kin?
4,phng php xc nh ct thp trong mng nng? Mng cc?
5,Tnh chiu su chn mng da trn c s no?
6,v sao tng su chn mng?
7, mng nng hin tng nt l do ci g,?
8,nn cng ,yu phn tn ng sut ln?
9,cng tc h mng?

10,cng thc tnh hmin gii thch tng i lng?

11, chi gi l g, cach khc phc chi gi? chi cch xc nh ngoi thc
t?
12 bin php thi cng mng n khi gp nc ngm
13,da trn c s no tnh theo mng cc i thp
14, tI sao khi nh c tng hm khng nn dung mng cc?
15,xc nh ho thc t
16, phng php h cc?
17,Tnh ton mng cng mng mm?
18,tnh chu vi chc thng?
20,cch tnh thp theo phng ngang
21,xt chiu cao mng theo 3 dang pha hoi?
22,s lm vic ca cc v nhm cc ?
23,,chiu su chn mng?
24, h s ? v sao?h s iu kin lm vic?
25,tc dng lp b tng lot?
26,phn b ng sut ca y mng?
27, chi tht chi gi?
28,v sao kim tra ng sut trung bnh ln hn cng I tiu chun?
29,gii thch tham s c
30 ?30, v sao mi cc c thep
31chiu su nh hng ca y mng?
32, ng sut min nh hn 0 th phI lm th no?
33,tI sao tnh ton tiu chun, v tinh ton ?
34,kt cu gia mp i v mp cc ln nh hng g n s l vic c y mng?
35,tI sao phI lm khe ln?
36,v biu ng sut dI y mng?
38,Pn =? gi thch I lng ph thuc g?
39,v sao phI b tr cc trong y cc?
41,mng nng ,nu s lm vic ca n?
43,v sao m rng mI cc th gim ln?
44,v sao tng su chn mng th gim ln?

48,phng php thc t thi cng ct xon?

49,v sao chn mng nng l >1,5 m?
51,ch tnh phn lc nn ? v s tnh?
53, u im cu cc ct ?
54,tt v c tnh tt anh hng n chiu su chn mng,?
55,tI sao tinh ho ?
56,gi thch h s c tnh tI tt
57,tinh ct thp,?
59,chiu su i?
60,chu mmen tinh ct thp tI tit din?
61,Cc gi thit khi tnh ton mng cc
1,Xc nh ho thc t
2,Phng php h cc
3,Tnh ton mng cng , mng mm.
4,Tnh chu vi chc thng.
5,Phng php h cc trn nn t yu.
6,Cc gi thit khi tnh mng cc.
7,Cch xc ng thp theo phng ngang.
8,Xc nh chiu cao mng theo 3 dng ph hoi.
9,S lm vic ca cc n v nhm cc.
10,Chiu cao chn mng.
11,H s ? Ti sao ? . H s iu kin lm vic.
12,Tc dng ca lp b tng gch v . n nh + thm
13,Phn b ng sut di y mng
14,V sao kim tra Rtc = ? , gii thch cc tham s
15, chi ? cch xc nh ngoi thc t
16,Chiu su .ca y mng
17,Khi < 0 th x l nh th no?
18,Ti sao tnh ton dng ti trng tiu chun, ti trng tnh ton
19,Khong cch gia mp i v mp cc n s lm vic ca mng
20,Ti sao phi tnh khe ln
21,V biu ng sut di y mng
22,V biu M , Q ca cc

23,Cch thi cng ngoi thc t ca ct xon

24,Pth ? ph thuc ?
25,V sao phi b tr cc ? cch b tr trn nn t yu
26,Mng nng ? gii thch mng nng v s lm vic ca n
27,Phng php xc nh ct thp trong mng nng , mng cc
28,Tnh chiu su chn mng da vo u ?
29,V sao m rng m cc lm gim ln ?
30,V sao tng su chn mng th ln gim ?
31,Bin php thi cng mng n khi c nc ngm
32,Cng thc tnh ton hmin ? gii thch cc i lng
33,Phng php lm cht t bng cc ct ?
34,Cc bin php x l nn mng
35,Tnh ln nn theo TTGH 1, theo TTGH 2 ?
36,Xc nh sc chu ti mnh cc theo quy phm
37,Chiu su chn mng
38,Phn bit x l nn , x l mng , x l cng trnh ?
39,hmin = 0,85 m v sao chn h = 1 m ?
40,V sao b tr khong cch gia cc cc v bin cc theo cu to nh vy

1. Ti sao tng chiu su chn mng th ln gim?

2. Khng cn lm lp m mng c hay khng?
3. Khi o h mng c din tch ln m ngi cng nhn l tay dng my
o su hn mt phng y mng 1 h to Su.rng.cao (cm) = 30.60.80 th
ta x l sai st ny nh th no.??
4. khi ng ct m n v thi cng ng cc khng ng , v d thit k ng
cc vung gc vi mt t m l ng nghing 30 so vi phng thng
ng th lm sao?
5. V sao trong thit k ngi ta hay ly HSAT bng 2 cho st v bng 3 cho
ct?
6. Khong cch gia cc cc c sn thng l 3D, vy khong cch gia
cc c khoan nhi l bao nhiu ?V sao li chn nh th ? c trng hp no
chon 3D khng?
Cu tr li :

1, do khi tnh ton lc th ta tnh ti gii hn nn vi iu kin sicma gy

ln<0,2.sicma gay ln bn thn) th lc ng sut gy ln coi nh tt.
tng chiu su chn mng l mt cch gim ln cho cng trnh.
2, lp m lt mng c cc cng dng sau:
+ to mt bng thi cng mng.
+ trnh khng cho t lm bn ct thp(lm gim chiu dy lp bo v ct
thp)
+ ngn khng cho va xi mng thm xung nn
3. V k thut thi cng th h mng ch c o bng my n cch y
mng >20cm, sau cng nhn s lm phn cn li. Nu nh my o
su hn th ton b t c ht ln, v sinh sch s, khi BT m cn
tnh ton thm vo lp lun my ch ny.
4. ng cc m sai s ln hn sai s cho php th c th: b lun, hoc rt
ln ng li. (Thc t thi cng cc ng bn ng c ngh n vic tnh ton
li, v ngh thay i thit k kh khn lm)
5. Do cc mu th nghim ct do khng ly c nguyn trng nn chnh
xc ca kt qu ca th nghim b gim i, cn vi st th do mu t th
nghim c th c ly nguyn dng nn chnh xc ca KQ TN cao hn
i vi ct, V vy thng th vi st ly Fs=2, vi ct Fs=3
6. Theo TCVN cc khoan nhi (cc chng khng c y m rng) th ly
L>2d
Vi cc c y m rng ly l>1.5D hoc D+1 (Vi cc D>2m) (D l ng
knh phn m rng)
Khong cch gia cc cc m bo cho nh hng ca hiu ng nhm cc l
nh v c th tnh ton ln .etc, ca nhm nh vi cc n
Ngi ta thng ly khong cch gia cc cc l 3D.