LI NI U

Vi mc ch truyn thng tin, con ngi ngy cng to ra cc cng ngh tn tin v
mnh m vi cht lng cao. h thng mng khng dy ni chung ,cng ngh truyn thng di
ng ni ring cng c cng mt xu th.trn th gii th h thong tin di ng 3.5G HSPA,
EV_DO, 3,5G+ LTE ang c ph dng rng ri , u c pht trin trn nn 3G WCDMA
UMTS . tnh n nm 2011, ring mng 3G WCDMA UMTS c hn 1,6 t thu bao trn ton th
gii. Vit Nam hin nay, th h 3G vn ang c ng dng v i ln 3.5 G.
ITU a ra n tiu chun ho h thng thng tin di ng th h ba vi tn gi IMT2000 t c cc mc tiu chnh sau y:
-Tc truy nhp cao m bo cc dch v bng rng nh truy nhp internet nhanh
hoc cc ng dng a phng tin, do yu cu ngy cng tng v cc dch v ny.
-Linh hot m bo cc dch v mi nh nh s c nhn ton cu v in thoi v
tinh. Cc tnh nng ny s cho php m rng ng k tm ph ca cc h thng thng tin
di ng.
-Tng thch vi cc h thng thng tin di ng hin c m bo s pht trin lin tc
ca thng tin di ng .
Nhiu tiu chun cho h thng thng tin di ng th h ba IMT-2000 c xut,
trong hai h thng WCDMA UMTS v cdma-2000 c ITU chp thun v c a
vo hot ng. Cc h thng ny u s dng cng ngh CDMA iu ny cho php thc hin
tiu chun ton th gii cho giao din v tuyn ca h thng thng tin ng th h ba.
Vi mc ch nng cao s hiu bit ca bn thn v cc xu hng pht
trin trong ngnh vin thng ni chung v thng tin di ng ni ring em v
cc bn s ni them v cc knh trong WCDMA v chuyn giao trong
WCDMA UMTS c th nm bt r hn v 3G WCDMA UMTS . n oc
chia lm nm chng vi cc ni dung nh sau

Chng I: Tng quan v WCDMA UMTS

Chng II: cc knh trong WCDMA
Chng III: k thut chuyn giao trong WCDMA UMTS
Chng IV: hspa v hspda
Chng V:m phng chuyn giao trn MATLAB
em v cc bn xin chn thnh cm n gim c THng v k s Ti
quan tm v h tr chng em lm ti ny.

CHNG 1:TNG QUAN V MNG 3G WCDMA UMTS

Trong chng ny chng ta tm hiu tng quang v lch s pht trin t
mng 2G ln 3G v phn nhnh 3G wcdma umts qua cc giai on
Release 99, r3,r4,r5,r6. Cng nh cc thng s c bn ca th h ny
v thc ti Vit Nam

1.1 : QU TRNH PHT TRIN

Hai hnh trn hco thy c qu trnh nng cao dn tc mng vi s

bin i qua cc th h
1.2 CC KHI NIM C BN TRONG 3G
1.2.1: CHUYENR MCH KNH(CS) CHUYN MCH GI (PS)

Chuyn mch knh (CS: Circuit Switch) l s chuyn mch trong thit b chuyn mch thc
hin cc cuc truyn tin bng cch thit lp kt ni chim mt ti nguyn mng nht nh trong ton b
cuc truyn tin. Kt ni ny l tm thi, lin tc v dnh ring. Tm thi v n ch c duy tr trong thi
gian cuc gi. Lin tc v n c cung cp lin tc mt ti nguyn nht nh (bng thng hay dung
lng v cng sut) trong sut thi gian cuc gi. Dnh ring v kt ni ny v ti nguyn ch dnh ring
cho cuc gi ny. Thit b chuyn mch s dng cho CS trong cc tng i ca TTD 2G thc hin
chuyn mch knh trn trn c s ghp knh theo thi gian trong mi knh c tc 64 kbps v v th
ph hp cho vic truyn cc ng dng lm vic ti tc c nh 64 kbps (chng hn ting c m ho
PCM).
Chuyn mch gi (PS: Packet Switch) l s chuyn mch thc hin phn chia s liu ca mt
kt ni thnh cc gi c di nht nh v chuyn mch cc gi ny theo thng tin v ni nhn c gn
vi tng gi v PS ti nguyn mng ch b chim dng khi c gi cn truyn. Chuyn mch gi cho
php nhm tt c cc s liu ca nhiu kt ni khc nhau ph thuc vo ni dung, kiu hay cu trc s
liu thnh cc gi c kch thc ph hp v truyn chng trn mt knh chia s. Vic nhm cc s liu
cn truyn c thc hin bng ghp knh thng k vi n nh ti nguyn ng. Cc cng ngh s dng
cho chuyn mch gi c th l Frame Relay, ATM hoc IP.
Hnh 1.5. cho thy cu trc ca CS v PS.

Hnh 1.5. Chuyn mch knh (CS) v chuyn mch gi (PS).

Dch v chuyn mch knh (CS Service) l dch v trong mi u cui c cp pht mt knh
ring v n ton quyn s dng ti nguyn ca knh ny trong thi gian cuc gi tuy nhin phi tr tin
cho ton b thi gian ny d c truyn tin hay khng. Dch v chuyn mch knh c th c thc hin
trn chuyn mch knh (CS) hoc chuyn mch gi (PS). Thng thng dch v ny c p dng cho
cc dch v thi gian thc (thoi).
Dch v chuyn mch gi (PS Service) l dch v trong nhiu u cui cng chia s mt knh
v mi u cui ch chim dng ti nguyn ca knh ny khi c thng tin cn truyn v n ch phi tr
tin theo lng tin c truyn trn knh. Dch v chuyn mch gi ch c th c thc hin trn
chuyn mch gi (PS). Dch v ny rt rt ph hp cho cc dch v phi thi gian thc (truyn s liu), tuy

nhin nh s pht trin ca cng ngh dch v ny cng c p dng cho cc dch v thi gian thc
(VoIP).
Th h mng th 2 GSM, CDMAone s dng chuyn mch knh v cc dch v chuyn mch
knh l ch yu. nhng vi u im ca chuyn mch gi cng nh cc ng dng hp dn, s pht trin
bng n internet vo nhng nm 1997,1998 yu cu cho vic chuyn mch gi trn mng di ng. t
vic bin i mng(2.5g(GPRS) 2.75G(EDGE) v 3G(UMTS) iu hng n chuyn mch gi hon
ton vi IMS

V vy, s pht trin 3G WCDMA UMTS c chia lm nhiu giai

on nh du s pht trin qua cc chun
1.2.2: THNH PHN CHNH

HNH : cc thnh phn chnh ca WDMA UMTS

a)Thit b ngi s dng (UE): UE (User Equipment: thit b ngi s dng) l u cui mng UMTS
ca ngi s dng. C th ni y l phn h thng c nhiu thit b nht v s pht trin ca n s nh
hng ln ln cc ng dng v cc dch v kh dng. Gi thnh gim nhanh chng s to iu kin cho
ngi s dng mua thit b ca UMTS. iu ny t c nh tiu chun ha giao din v tuyn v ci
t mi tr tu ti cc card thng minh.
b) Cc u cui (TE):
V my u cui by gi khng ch n thun dnh cho in thoi m
cn cung cp cc dch v s liu mi, nn tn ca n c chuyn thnh u cui. Cc nh sn xut chnh
a ra rt nhiu u cui da trn cc khi nim mi, nhng trong thc t ch mt s t l c a
vo sn xut. Mc d cc u cui d kin khc nhau v kch thc v thit k, tt c chng u c mn
hnh ln v t phm hn so vi 2G. L do chnh l tng cng s dng u cui cho nhiu dch v s
liu hn v v th u cui tr thnh t hp ca my thoi di ng, modem v my tnh bn tay.
u cui h tr hai giao din. Giao din Uu nh ngha lin kt v tuyn (giao din WCDMA).
N m nhim ton b kt ni vt l vi mng UMTS. Giao din th hai l giao din Cu gia UMTS IC
card (UICC) v u cui. Giao din ny tun theo tiu chun cho cc card thng minh

c)
UICC :UMTS IC card l mt card thng minh. iu m ta quan tm n n l dung
lng nh v tc b x l do n cung cp. ng dng USIM chy trn UICC.
d) USIM: Trong h thng GSM, SIM card lu gi thng tin c nhn (ng k thu bao) ci cng
trn card. iu ny thay i trong UMTS, Modul nhn dng thu bao UMTS c ci nh mt ng
dng trn UICC

e) . RNC

RNC (Radio Network Controller) chu trch nhim cho mt hay nhiu trm gc v iu
khin cc ti nguyn ca chng. y cng chnh l im truy nhp dch v m UTRAN cung cp cho CN.
N c ni n CN bng hai kt ni, mt cho min chuyn mch gi (n GPRS) v mt n min
chuyn mch knh (MSC).RNC thc cht l BSC trong 2G. RNC c chia lm 3 loi :
SRNC :serving RNC,DRNC(drift RNC),CRNC(control RNC):vic phn chia quyn lc gia c RNC
qun l UE tt hn trong lc chuyn giao(HO)
f) Nt B
Trong UMTS trm gc c gi l nt B v nhim v ca n l thc hin kt ni v
tuyn vt l gia u cui vi n. N nhn tn hiu trn giao din Iub t RNC v chuyn n vo tn hiu
v tuyn trn giao din Uu. N tng ng vi BTS trong 2G,
g) Mng li
Mng li (CN) c chia thnh ba phn, min PS, min CS v HE. Min PS m bo cc
dch v s liu cho ngi s dng bng cc kt ni n Internet v cc mng s liu khc v min CS
m bo cc dch v in thoi n cc mng khc bng cc kt ni TDM.
h) SGS (SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node: nt h tr GPRS phc v) l nt chnh ca min chuyn
mch gi. N ni n UTRAN thng qua giao din IuPS v n GGSN thng quan giao din Gn. SGSN
chu trch nhim cho tt c kt ni PS ca tt c cc thu bao.
i) GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node: Nt h tr GPRS cng) l mt SGSN kt ni vi cc mng s
liu khc. Tt c cc cuc truyn thng s liu t thu bao n cc mng ngoi u qua GGSN
ngoi ra , cc thnh phn chnh trong 2G GSM vn hot ng v phi hp trc tip vi 3G
WCDMA UMTS nh: VRL,HLR,AuC, EIR, BG,MSC, , BSC,BTS
lu :MS trong2G GSM khng dng c 3G WCDMA UMTS do hot ng khc bng tn vi 3G
k) . Cc giao din
Vai tr cc cc nt khc nhau ca mng ch c nh ngha thng qua cc giao
din khc nhau. Cc giao din ny c nh ngha cht ch cc nh sn xut c th kt ni cc phn
cng khc nhau ca h.
-Giao din Cu. Giao din Cu l giao din chun cho cc card thng minh. Trong UE y l ni
kt ni gia USIM v UE
-Giao din Uu. Giao din Uu l giao din v tuyn ca WCDMA trong UMTS. y l giao din
m qua UE truy nhp vo phn c nh ca mng. Giao din ny nm gia nt B v u cui.
- Giao din Iu. Giao din Iu kt ni UTRAN v CN. N gm hai phn, IuPS cho min chuyn
mch gi, IuCS cho min chuyn mch knh. CN c th kt ni n nhiu UTRAN cho c giao
din IuCS v IuPS. Nhng mt UTRAN ch c th kt ni n mt im truy nhp CN.

-Giao din Iur. y l giao din RNC-RNC. Ban u c thit k m bo chuyn giao mm
gia cc RNC, nhng trong qu trnh pht trin nhiu tnh nng mi c b sung. Giao din ny
m bo bn tnh nng ni bt sau:
1. Di ng gia cc RNC
2. Lu thng knh ring
3. Lu thng knh chung
4. Qun l ti nguyn ton cc
Giao din Iub. Giao din Iub ni nt B v RNC. Khc vi GSM y l giao din m.
Lu :s phn chia giao din gp phn chun ha cc kt cu c truyn trn , nhm ng b gia
cc nh sn xut

1.2.3 CC CHUN PHT TRIN THEO THI GIAN

HNH :CC CHUN CA 3GPP

HNH :L TRNH PHT TRIN TC CA 3GPP

a)CHUN 99(RELEASE 99- R99)

HNH :CU TRC MNG UMTS R99(cn gi l r3)

Bt u n lc chuyn dn v chuyn mch gi vi 2 khi SGSN,
GGSN. Cn c bit vi tn gi GPRS,
b)R4

MSC c phn chia lm 2: server MSC v MSC bnh thng, h tr cc

giao thc H.248, MEGACO, Sigtran cho bo hiu qua ip,s chuyn
hng hnh thnh vi h tr ipv6, Ps thi gian thc cho chuyn giao .

c)R5

HNH :CU TRC MNG r5

Bc pht trin tip theo ca UMTS l a ra kin trc mng a phng tin IP .Bc pht trin ny th
hin s thay i ton b m hnh cuc gi. y c ting v s liu c x l ging nhau trn ton b
ng truyn t u cui ca ngi s dng n ni nhn cui cng. C th coi kin trc ny l s hi t
ton din ca ting v s liu. im mi ca R5 (v R6) l n a ra mt min mi c gi l phn h
a phng tin IP (IMS: IP Multimedia Subsystem). y l mt min mng IP c thit k h tr cc
dch v a phng tin thi gian thc IP
Phn h a phng tin IP (IMS) cha cc phn t sau: Chc nng iu khin trng thi kt ni
(CSCF: Connection State Control Function), Chc nng ti nguyn a phng tin (MRF: Multimedia
Resource Function), chc nng iu khin cng cc phng tin (MGCF: Media Gateway Control
Function), Cng bo hiu truyn ti (T-SGW: Transport Signalling Gateway) v Cng bo hiu chuyn
mng (R-SGW: Roaming Signalling Gateway).

Mt nt quan trng ca kin trc ton IP l thit b ca ngi s dng c tng cng rt nhiu. Nhiu
phn mm c ci t UE. Trong thc t, UE h tr giao thc khi u phin (SIP: Session Initiation
Protocol). UE tr thnh mt tc nhn ca ngi s dng SIP. Nh vy, UE c kh nng iu khin cc
dch v ln hn trc rt nhiu
R5, xut hin HSPDA vi tc 10Mbps cho ng xung,CAMEL phase 4 c trin khai
vi nhiu chc nng
R6 , IMS phase 2 c ng dng, hang lot dch v mi c gii thiu nh Push-to-talk, walkitalki,VoIP..ng truyenf xung HSUDP cng c a ra th trng
1.3 CC THNG S C BN CA MNG 3G WCDMA UMTS

a)tn s
dy tn c bn trong WCDMA UMTS:

-1920-1980 and 2110-2170 MHz Frequency Division Duplex

(FDD, W-CDMA) 1 cp tn s ln v xung, rng knh 5 MHz
and raster is 200 kHz. Nh cung cp dch v cn 3 - 4 channels
(2x15 MHz or 2x20 MHz) to mng tc cao, dung lng ln
-1900-1920 and 2010-2025 MHz Time Division Duplex (TDD,
TD/CDMA) khng theo cp, rng knh 5 MHz and raster is 200
kHz.

Tx

and

Rx

khng

chia

tn

-1980-2010 and 2170-2200 MHz cho h thng v tinh ng

xung v ng ln

HNH :BNG TN UTRA FDD

C 3 bng tn chnh 3G l 2100MHz, 1900/1800MHZ v 850MHz,
Vit Nam, 3 nh mng Vina, Mobile v Viettel u dng bng tn
2100MHz , vi 4 knh tn s(theo kho st thng 4-2014)

1.4LCH S PHT TRIN

-thng 12- 1996 The UMTS Forum c thnh lp ti cuc hp
Zurich,t cng ngh wcdma c bit nh Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System (UMTS).

-October 1997 ERC quyt nh UMTS bng li(core bng)

-January 1998 ETSI SMG hp mt ti Paris vi c 2 chun W-CDMA and
TD-CDMA
thng nht v UMTS chun giao din
-Thng 9- 1998 cuc gi u tin dng u cui Nokia WCDMA
DoCoMo's c hon thnh
-1-12- 1998 ETSI SMG, T1P1, ARIB TTC, TTA thnh lp 3GPP in
Copenhagen,
Denmark

-2- 1999 Nokia Oyj ni rng hon thnh mc tiu u tin ca

WCDMA l gi 1 cuc goi cng cng xuyn chu lc vi PSTN
-12- 1999 in Nice ETSI Standardisation hon thnh UMTS Release 1999
Cho c FDD and TDD
-Gia nm 2000 bn thng mi u tin ca mng GPRS c cng
b.
-3- 2001 Palm Springs, 3GPP cng b chun UMTS Release 4
-28-6- 2001 NTT DoCoMo pht hnh cc dch v chun 3G
1-10- 2001 NTT DoCoMo pht hnh phin bn thng mi u
tin ca 3GWCDMA UMTS
-14-3- 2002 (Freeze date) UMTS Release 5 C CNG B
-26-9-2002 Nokia gii thiu mu in thoi [6650] cho WCDMA

[UMTS] and GSM networks".

nhng hng Nortel, Vodafone Omnitel, Qualcomm ,Erricsoncng mua
li nhng chun UMTS vi vic xy dng nn mng 3G WCDMA UMTS
ng thwoif vi cc u cui
-16-12- 2004 (Freeze date) UMTS Release 6 c cng b
-February 14, 2005, Ericsson to ra ng truyn 9 Mbps with
WCDMA, HSDPA phase 2
-2005 (original target) UMTS v cc dch v chnh thc tr thnh ton
cu
1.5 CNG NGH A TRUY NHP WCDMA
1.5.1 TRI PH V CNG

NGH A TRUY NHP PHN CHIA

THEO M(CDMA)
Trong cc h thng thng tin tri ph (vit tt l SS: Spread Spectrum) rng bng tn ca tn hiu
c m rng, thng thng hng trm ln trc khi c pht. Khi ch c mt ngi s dng trong bng
tn SS, s dng bng tn nh vy khng c hiu qu. Tuy nhin mi trng nhiu ngi s dng, cc
ngi s dng ny c th dng chung mt bng tn SS (tri ph) v h thng tr nn s dng bng tn c
hiu sut m vn duy tr c cc u im ca tri ph.
Mt h thng thng tin s c coi l SS nu:
- Tn hiu c pht chim rng bng tn ln hn rng bng tn ti thiu cn thit pht thng
tin.
-Tri ph c thc hin bng mt m c lp vi s liu.
C ba kiu h thng SS c bn: chui trc tip (DSSS: Direct-Sequence Spreading Spectrum),
nhy tn (FHSS: Frequency-Hopping Spreading Spectrum) v nhy thi gian (THSS: Time-Hopping
Spreading Spectrum). Cng c th nhn c cc h thng lai ghp t cc h thng ni trn. WCDMA s
dng DSSS. DSSS t c tri ph bng cch nhn lung s cn truyn vi mt m tri ph c tc
chip (Rc=1/Tc, Tc l thi gian mt chip) cao hn nhiu tc bit (R b=1/Tb, Tb l thi gian mt bit) ca
lung s cn pht. Hnh 2.1 minh ha qu trnh tri ph trong T b=15Tc hay Rc=15Rb. Hnh 2.1a cho
thy s n gin ca b tri ph DSSS trong lung s cn truyn x c tc R b c nhn vi mt
m tri ph c tc Rc c lung u ra y c tc R c ln hn nhiu so vi tc R b ca lung vo.
Cc hnh 2.1b v 2.1b biu th qu trnh tri ph trong min thi gian v min tn s.
Ti pha thu lung y c thc hin gii tri ph khi phc li lung x bng cch nhn lung
ny vi m tri ph c ging nh pha pht: x=yc

x, y v c k hiu tng qut cho tn hiu vo, ra v m tri ph; x(t), y(t) v c(t) k hiu cho cc tn hiu
vo, ra v m tri ph trong min thi gian; X(f), Y(f) v C(f) k hiu cho cc tn hiu vo, ra v m tri
ph trong min tn s; Tb l thi gian mt bit ca lung s cn pht, R b=1/Tb l tc bit ca lung s
cn truyn; Tc l thi gian mt chip ca m tri ph, R c=1/Tc l tc chip ca m tri ph. R c=15Rb v
Tb=15Tc.
Hnh 2.1. Tri ph chui trc tip (DSSS)

HNH : Qu trnh gii tri ph v lc tn hiu ca ngi s dng k t K tn hiu.

T ta cng thy c cng ngh a truy nhp CDMA phi gn lin vi iu khin cng sut khc
phc hiu ng gn xa(nu 1 my qu gn trm, cng sut t ngt tng cao dn n MAI (Multiple
Access Interferrence: nhiu a ngi s dng) tng, s t s tn hiu trn nhiu gim mnh v my thu k
khng th tch ra c tn hiu ca mnh)
iu khin cng sut trong WCDMA c chia thnh:
-iu khin cng sut vng h
-iu khin cng sut vng kn
iu khin cng sut vng h c thc hin t ng ti UE khi n thc hin th tc xin truy
nhp Nt B (da trn cng sut m n thu c t knh hoa tiu pht i t B), khi ny UE cha c kt ni
vi nt ny. Cn iu khin cng sut vng kn c thc hin khi UE kt ni vi nt B. iu khin
cng sut vng h li c chia thnh:
-iu khin cng sut vng trong c thc hin ti nt B. iu khin cng sut vng trong c
thc hin nhanh vi 1500 ln trong mt giy da trn so snh SIR thu vi SIR ch
-iu khin cng sut vng ngoi c thc hin ti RNC thit lp SIR ch cho nt B. iu
khin cng sut ny da trn so snh t l li khi (BLER) thu c vi t l ch.
1.5.2WCDMA TRONG UMTS

HNH :WCDMA TRONG UMTS

Thng s
Bng thng knh truyn:5MHZ
Kiu song cng:FDD v TDD
Cng ngh tri ph:tri ph trc tip
Tc chip:3.84MHz
Chiu di khung:10ms(38400 chip/sec)
iu ch tri:iu ch cn bng QPSK cho ng xung(Downlink) v
song knh QPSK cho ng ln (uplink)
iu ch d liu:QPSK cho Downlink v BPSK cho uplink

M ha knh:m chp , m Turbo, hay khng m ha

H s tri:4-256(uplink) v 4-512(downlink)
Tri(downlink)chui OVSF cho phn knh v chi Gold 2^18-1 cho cell
v thu bao phn knh
Tri(uplink)chui OVSF cho phn knh v chi Gold 2^25 -1 cho cell v
thu bao phn knh

HNH :WCDMA V GSM

HNH :WCDMA V IS-95

Ti liu tham kho

Gio trnh UMTS_ t.s Nguyn Phm Anh Dng

http://www.lib.kmutt.ac.th/
http://www.3gpp.org/
http://www.umtsworld.com/
http://www.worldtimezone.com/4g.html
Wireless Information Transmission System Lab
UMTS signaling: UMTS interfaces, protocol message flow and procedure
analyzed and explained by R.KREHER, T.RDEBUSCH
The UMTS Network and Radio Access Technology by Jonathan P. Castro
UMTS Networks:Architecture, Mobility and Services