LI NI U

Vi mc ch truyn thng tin, con ngi ngy cng to ra cc cng ngh tn tin
v mnh m vi cht lng cao. H thng mng khng dy ni chung ,cng ngh truyn
thng di ng ni ring cng c cng mt xu th. Trn th gii th h thng tin di ng
3.5G HSPA, EV_DO, 3,5G+ LTE ang c ph dng rng ri. Tnh n nm 2011,
ring mng 3G WCDMA UMTS c hn 1,6 t thu bao trn ton th gii. Vit Nam
hin nay, th h 3G ang c trin khai cc ng dng v i ln 3.5 G.
ITU a ra n tiu chun ho h thng thng tin di ng th h ba vi tn
gi IMT-2000 t c cc mc tiu chnh sau y:
- Tc truy nhp cao m bo cc dch v bng rng nh truy nhp internet
nhanh hoc cc ng dng a phng tin, do yu cu ngy cng tng v cc dch
v ny.
- Linh hot m bo cc dch v mi nh nh s c nhn ton cu v in
thoi v tinh. Cc tnh nng ny s cho php m rng ng k tm ph ca cc h
thng thng tin di ng.
- Tng thch vi cc h thng thng tin di ng hin c m bo s pht trin
lin tc ca thng tin di ng .
Nhiu tiu chun cho h thng thng tin di ng th h ba IMT-2000 c
xut, trong hai h thng WCDMA UMTS v cdma-2000 c ITU chp thun v
c a vo hot ng. Cc h thng ny u s dng cng ngh CDMA iu ny
cho php thc hin tiu chun ton th gii cho giao din v tuyn ca h thng thng tin
ng th h ba.
Vi mc ch nng cao s hiu bit ca bn thn v cc xu hng pht trin trong
ngnh vin thng ni chung v thng tin di ng ni ring em v cc bn s ni them v
cc knh trong WCDMA v chuyn giao trong WCDMA UMTS c th nm bt r
hn v3G WCDMA UMTS . n oc chia lm nm chng vi cc ni dung nh sau
Chng I: Tng quan v WCDMA UMTS
Chng II: Cc knh trong WCDMA
Chng III: K thut chuyn giao trong WCDMA UMTS
Chng IV: HSPA v HSDPA
Chng V:M phng chuyn giao trn MATLAB
Em v cc bn xin chn thnh cm n gim c Thng v k s Ti quan tm v
h tr chng em lm ti ny.

SVTH: L Tn Thnh Ng Vn Thnh

CHNG 1:TNG QUAN V MNG 3G WCDMA UMTS

Trong chng ny chng ta tm hiu tng quan v lch s pht trin t mng 2G ln 3G
v phn nhnh 3G WCDMA UMTS qua cc giai on Release 99, R3, R4, R5, R6 cng
nh cc thng s c bn ca th h ny v thc ti Vit Nam
1.1 QU TRNH PHT TRIN

SVTH: L Tn Thnh Ng Vn Thnh

Hai hnh trn cho thy c qu trnh nng cao dn tc mng vi s bin i qua cc
th h
1.2 CC KHI NIM C BN TRONG 3G
1.2.1 Chuyn mch knh ( CS: Circuit Switch) v chuyn mch gi ( PS: Packet Switch )
SVTH: L Tn Thnh Ng Vn Thnh

Chuyn mch knh (CS: Circuit Switch) l phng thc chuyn mch trong thit
b chuyn mch thc hin cc cuc truyn tin bng cch thit lp kt ni chim mt ti
nguyn mng nht nh trong ton b cuc truyn tin. Kt ni ny l tm thi, lin tc v
dnh ring. Tm thi v n ch c duy tr trong thi gian cuc gi. Lin tc v n c
cung cp lin tc mt ti nguyn nht nh (bng thng hay dung lng v cng sut)
trong sut thi gian cuc gi. Dnh ring v kt ni ny v ti nguyn ch dnh ring cho
cuc gi ny. Thit b chuyn mch s dng cho CS trong cc tng i ca TTD 2G
thc hin chuyn mch knh trn trn c s ghp knh theo thi gian trong mi knh
c tc 64 kbps v v th ph hp cho vic truyn cc ng dng lm vic ti tc c
nh 64 kbps ( chng hn ting c m ho PCM ).
Chuyn mch gi (PS: Packet Switch) l phng thc chuyn mch thc hin
phn chia s liu ca mt kt ni thnh cc gi c di nht nh v chuyn mch cc
gi ny theo thng tin v ni nhn c gn vi tng gi v PS ti nguyn mng ch b
chim dng khi c gi cn truyn. Chuyn mch gi cho php nhm tt c cc s liu ca
nhiu kt ni khc nhau ph thuc vo ni dung, kiu hay cu trc s liu thnh cc gi
c kch thc ph hp v truyn chng trn mt knh chia s. Vic nhm cc s liu cn
truyn c thc hin bng ghp knh thng k vi n nh ti nguyn ng.Cc cng
ngh s dng cho chuyn mch gi c th l Frame Relay, ATM hoc IP.
Hnh 1.2.cho thy cu trc ca CS v PS.

Hnh 1.2.Chuyn mch knh (CS) v chuyn mch gi (PS).

Dch v chuyn mch knh (CS Service) l dch v trong mi u cui c cp
pht mt knh ring v n ton quyn s dng ti nguyn ca knh ny trong thi gian
cuc gi tuy nhin phi tr tin cho ton b thi gian ny d c truyn tin hay
khng.Dch v chuyn mch knh c th c thc hin trn chuyn mch knh (CS)

SVTH: L Tn Thnh Ng Vn Thnh

hoc chuyn mch gi (PS).Thng thng dch v ny c p dng cho cc dch v thi
gian thc (thoi).
Dch v chuyn mch gi (PS Service) l dch v trong nhiu u cui cng
chia s mt knh v mi u cui ch chim dng ti nguyn ca knh ny khi c thng
tin cn truyn v n ch phi tr tin theo lng tin c truyn trn knh. Dch v
chuyn mch gi ch c th c thc hin trn chuyn mch gi (PS).Dch v ny rt rt
ph hp cho cc dch v phi thi gian thc (truyn s liu), tuy nhin nh s pht trin
ca cng ngh dch v ny cng c p dng cho cc dch v thi gian thc (VoIP).
Th h mng th 2 GSM, CDMAone s dng chuyn mch knh v cc dch v chuyn
mch knh l ch yu. nhng vi u im ca chuyn mch gi cng nh cc ng dng
hp dn, s pht trin bng n internet vo nhng nm 1997,1998 yu cu cho vic
chuyn mch gi trn mng di ng. t vic bin i mng(2.5g(GPRS)
2.75G(EDGE) v 3G(UMTS) iu hng n chuyn mch gi hon ton vi IMS
V vy, s pht trin 3G WCDMA UMTS c chia lm nhiu giai on nh du
s pht trin qua cc chun
1.2.2 Cc thnh phn trong mng 3G

Hnh 1.3: cc thnh phn chnh ca WDMA UMTS

a. Thit b ngi s dng ( UE: User Equipment ):
UE (User Equipment: thit b ngi s dng) l u cui mng UMTS ca ngi s
dng. C th ni y l phn h thng c nhiu thit b nht v s pht trin ca n s
nh hng ln ln cc ng dng v cc dch v kh dng. Gi thnh gim nhanh chng s
to iu kin cho ngi s dng mua thit b ca UMTS. iu ny t c nh tiu
chun ha giao din v tuyn v ci t mi tr tu ti cc card thng minh.
b.

Cc u cui (TE: Terminal Equipment):

SVTH: L Tn Thnh Ng Vn Thnh

V my u cui by gi khng ch n thun dnh cho in thoi m cn cung cp

cc dch v s liu mi, nn tn ca n c chuyn thnh u cui. Cc nh sn xut
chnh a ra rt nhiu u cui da trn cc khi nim mi, nhng trong thc t ch
mt s t l c a vo sn xut.Mc d cc u cui d kin khc nhau v kch thc
v thit k, tt c chng u c mn hnh ln v t phm hn so vi 2G. L do chnh l
tng cng s dng u cui cho nhiu dch v s liu hn v v th u cui tr thnh t
hp ca my thoi di ng, modem v my tnh bn tay.
u cui h tr hai giao din.Giao din Uu nh ngha lin kt v tuyn (giao din
WCDMA).N m nhim ton b kt ni vt l vi mng UMTS.Giao din th hai l
giao din Cu gia UMTS IC card (UICC) v u cui. Giao din ny tun theo tiu chun
cho cc card thng minh
c. UICC
UMTS IC card l mt card thng minh. iu m ta quan tm n n l dung lng
nh v tc b x l do n cung cp. ng dng USIM chy trn UICC.
d. USIM:
Trong h thng GSM, SIM card lu gi thng tin c nhn (ng k thu bao) ci
cng trn card. iu ny thay i trong UMTS, Modul nhn dng thu bao UMTS
c ci nh mt ng dng trn UICC
e. RNC
RNC (Radio Network Controller) chu trch nhim cho mt hay nhiu trm gc v
iu khin cc ti nguyn ca chng. y cng chnh l im truy nhp dch v m
UTRAN cung cp cho CN.N c ni n CN bng hai kt ni, mt cho min chuyn
mch gi (n GPRS) v mt n min chuyn mch knh (MSC).RNC thc cht l BSC
trong 2G. RNC c chia lm 3 loi: SRNC ( serving RNC ), DRNC ( Drift RNC ),
CRNC ( Control RNC ). Vic phn chia quyn lc gia c RNC qun l UE tt hn
trong lc chuyn giao(HO)
f. Nt B
Trong UMTS trm gc c gi l nt B v nhim v ca n l thc hin kt ni v
tuyn vt l gia u cui vi n. N nhn tn hiu trn giao din Iub t RNC v chuyn
n vo tn hiu v tuyn trn giao din Uu. N tng ng vi BTS trong 2G,
g. Mng li
Mng li (CN) c chia thnh ba phn, min PS, min CS v HE. Min PS m
bo cc dch v s liu cho ngi s dng bng cc kt ni n Internet v cc mng s
liu khc v min CS m bo cc dch v in thoi n cc mng khc bng cc kt ni
TDM.
h. SGSN ( Serving GPRS Support Node: nt h tr GPRS phc v)
SVTH: L Tn Thnh Ng Vn Thnh

L nt chnh ca min chuyn mch gi. N ni n UTRAN thng qua giao din
IuPS v n GGSN thng quan giao din Gn. SGSN chu trch nhim cho tt c kt ni
PS ca tt c cc thu bao.
i. GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node: Nt h tr GPRS cng)
L mt SGSN kt ni vi cc mng s liu khc. Tt c cc cuc truyn thng s
liu t thu bao n cc mng ngoi u qua GGSN
Ngoi ra , cc thnh phn chnh trong 2G GSM vn hot ng v phi hp trc tip vi
3G WCDMA UMTS nh: VRL, HLR, AuC, EIR, BG, MSC, BSC, BTS.
Lu : MS trong2G GSM khng dng c 3G WCDMA UMTS do hot ng khc
bng tn vi 3G.
j. Cc giao din
Vai tr cc cc nt khc nhau ca mng ch c nh ngha thng qua cc giao din
khc nhau.Cc giao din ny c nh ngha cht ch cc nh sn xut c th kt ni
cc phn cng khc nhau ca h.
- Giao din Cu. Giao din Cu l giao din chun cho cc card thng minh. Trong
UE y l ni kt ni gia USIM v UE
- Giao din Uu. Giao din Uu l giao din v tuyn ca WCDMA trong
UMTS.y l giao din m qua UE truy nhp vo phn c nh ca mng.Giao
din ny nm gia nt B v u cui.
- Giao din Iu. Giao din Iu kt ni UTRAN v CN. N gm hai phn, IuPS cho
min chuyn mch gi, IuCS cho min chuyn mch knh.CN c th kt ni n
nhiu UTRAN cho c giao din IuCS v IuPS.Nhng mt UTRAN ch c th kt
ni n mt im truy nhp CN.
- Giao din Iur. y l giao din RNC-RNC. Ban u c thit k m bo
chuyn giao mm gia cc RNC, nhng trong qu trnh pht trin nhiu tnh nng
mi c b sung. Giao din ny m bo bn tnh nng ni bt sau:
1. Di ng gia cc RNC
2. Lu thng knh ring
3. Lu thng knh chung
4. Qun l ti nguyn ton cc
- Giao din Iub: Giao din Iub ni nt B v RNC.Khc vi GSM y l giao din
m.
Lu : S phn chia giao din gp phn chun ha cc kt cu c truyn trn , nhm
ng b gia cc nh sn xut

SVTH: L Tn Thnh Ng Vn Thnh

1.2.3 Cc chun pht trin theo thi gian

Hnh 1.5 : Cc chun trong 3GPP

Hnh 1.6 :L trnh pht trin tc ca 3GPP

a. CHUN 99 ( RELEASE 99- R99 )

SVTH: L Tn Thnh Ng Vn Thnh

Hnh: Cu trc mng UMTS R99 ( Cn gi l R3)

Bt u n lc chuyn dn v chuyn mch gi vi 2 khi SGSN, GGSN. Cn c bit
vi tn gi GPRS,
b. R4

SVTH: L Tn Thnh Ng Vn Thnh

Hnh 1.7: Cu trc mng R4

MSC c phn chia lm 2: server MSC v MSC bnh thng, h tr cc giao thc
H.248, MEGACO, Sigtran cho bo hiu qua ip,s chuyn hng hnh thnh
vi h tr ipv6, Ps thi gian thc cho chuyn giao.
c. R5

SVTH: L Tn Thnh Ng Vn Thnh

Hinh 1.8: Cu trc mng R5

Bc pht trin tip theo ca UMTS l a ra kin trc mng a phng tin IP .Bc
pht trin ny th hin s thay i ton b m hnh cuc gi. y c ting v s liu
c x l ging nhau trn ton b ng truyn t u cui ca ngi s dng n ni
nhn cui cng.C th coi kin trc ny l s hi t ton din ca ting v s liu.im
mi ca R5 (v R6) l n a ra mt min mi c gi l phn h a phng tin IP
(IMS: IP Multimedia Subsystem). y l mt min mng IP c thit k h tr cc
dch v a phng tin thi gian thc IP
Phn h a phng tin IP (IMS) cha cc phn t sau: Chc nng iu khin trng
thi kt ni (CSCF: Connection State Control Function), Chc nng ti nguyn a
phng tin (MRF: Multimedia Resource Function), chc nng iu khin cng cc
phng tin (MGCF: Media Gateway Control Function), Cng bo hiu truyn ti (TSGW: Transport Signalling Gateway) v Cng bo hiu chuyn mng (R-SGW: Roaming
Signalling Gateway).
Mt nt quan trng ca kin trc ton IP l thit b ca ngi s dng c tng cng
rt nhiu. Nhiu phn mm c ci t UE. Trong thc t, UE h tr giao thc khi
u phin (SIP: Session Initiation Protocol). UE tr thnh mt tc nhn ca ngi s
dng SIP. Nh vy, UE c kh nng iu khin cc dch v ln hn trc rt nhiu
R5, xut hin HSPDA vi tc 10Mbps cho ng xung,CAMEL phase 4
c trin khai vi nhiu chc nng
R6 , IMS phase 2 c ng dng, hang lot dch v mi c gii thiu nh Push-totalk, walki-talki,VoIP..ng truyenf xung HSUDP cng c a ra th trng
1.3 CC THNG S C BN CA MNG 3G WCDMA UMTS
a)tn s
dy tn c bn trong WCDMA UMTS:
-1920-1980 and 2110-2170 MHz Frequency Division Duplex (FDD, W-CDMA) 1 cp
tn s ln v xung, rng knh 5 MHz and raster is 200 kHz. Nh cung cp dch v
cn 3 - 4 channels (2x15 MHz or 2x20 MHz) to mng tc cao, dung lng ln
-1900-1920 and 2010-2025 MHz Time Division Duplex (TDD, TD/CDMA) khng
theo cp, rng knh 5 MHz and raster is 200 kHz. Tx and Rx khng chia tn s
-1980-2010 and 2170-2200 MHz cho h thng v tinh ng xung v ng ln

SVTH: L Tn Thnh Ng Vn Thnh

Bng 1.1: Bng tn UTRA FDD

C 3 bng tn chnh 3G l 2100MHz, 1900/1800MHZ v 850MHz, Vit Nam, 3 nh
mng Vina, Mobile v Viettel u dng bng tn 2100MHz , vi 4 knh tn s(theo kho
st thng 4-2014)
1.4 LCH S PHT TRIN
- Thng 12/1996 The UMTS Forum c thnh lp ti cuc hp Zurich,t cng
ngh wcdma c bit nh Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS).

- Thng 10/1997 ERC quyt nh UMTS bng li(core bng)

-Thng 1/1998 ETSI SMG hp mt ti Paris vi c 2 chun W-CDMA and TD-CDMA
thng nht v UMTS chun giao din
- Thng 9/1998 cuc gi u tin dng u cui Nokia WCDMA DoCoMo's c
hon thnh.
- Ngy 1-12- 1998 ETSI SMG, T1P1, ARIB TTC, TTA thnh lp 3GPP in Copenhagen,
Denmark
- Thng 2/1999 Nokia Oyj ni rng hon thnh mc tiu u tin ca WCDMA l gi
1 cuc goi cng cng xuyn chu lc thng qua PSTN.
- Thng 12/1999 in Nice ETSI Standardisation hon thnh UMTS Release 1999 Cho c
FDD and TDD
- Gia nm 2000 bn thng mi u tin ca mng GPRS c cng b.
- Thng 3/2001 Palm Springs, 3GPP cng b chun UMTS Release 4

SVTH: L Tn Thnh Ng Vn Thnh

- Ngy 28/6/2001 NTT DoCoMo pht hnh cc dch v chun 3G

- Ngy 1/10/2001 NTT DoCoMo pht hnh phin bn thng mi u tin ca
3GWCDMA UMTS
- Ngy 14/3/2002 (Freeze date) UMTS Release 5 C CNG B
- Ngy 26/9/2002 Nokia gii thiu mu in thoi [6650] cho WCDMA [UMTS] and
GSM networks". Nhng hng Nortel,Vodafone Omnitel,Qualcomm ,Erricsoncng mua
li nhng chun UMTS vi vic xy dng nn mng 3G WCDMA UMTS ng thivi
cc u cui.
- Ngy 16/12/2004 ( Freeze date ) UMTS Release 6 c cng b
- Ngy 14/2/2005 Ericsson to ra ng truyn 9 Mbps with WCDMA, HSDPA phase 2
-2005 ( original target ) UMTS v cc dch v chnh thc tr thnh ton cu
1.5 CNG NGH A TRUY NHP WCDMA
1.5.1 TRI PH V CNG NGH A TRUY NHP PHN CHIA THEO M
( CDMA )
Trong cc h thng thng tin tri ph (vit tt l SS: Spread Spectrum) rng bng
tn ca tn hiu c m rng, thng thng hng trm ln trc khi c pht. Khi ch
c mt ngi s dng trong bng tn SS, s dng bng tn nh vy khng c hiu qu.
Tuy nhin mi trng nhiu ngi s dng, cc ngi s dng ny c th dng chung
mt bng tn SS (tri ph) v h thng tr nn s dng bng tn c hiu sut m vn duy
tr c cc u im ca tri ph.
Mt h thng thng tin s c coi l SS nu:
- Tn hiu c pht chim rng bng tn ln hn rng bng tn ti thiu cn
thit pht thng tin.
-Tri ph c thc hin bng mt m c lp vi s liu.
C ba kiu h thng tri ph c bn: chui trc tip ( DSSS: Direct-Sequence
Spreading Spectrum), nhy tn (FHSS: Frequency-Hopping Spreading Spectrum) v
nhy thi gian (THSS: Time-Hopping Spreading Spectrum). Cng c th thit lp cc h
thng lai ghp t cc h thng ni trn.WCDMA s dng DSSS. DSSS t c tri ph
bng cch nhn lung s cn truyn vi mt m tri ph c tc chip (R c=1/Tc, Tc l
thi gian mt chip) cao hn nhiu tc bit (R b=1/Tb, Tb l thi gian mt bit) ca lung
s cn pht. Hnh 2.1 minh ha qu trnh tri ph trong T b=15Tc hay Rc=15Rb. Hnh
2.1a cho thy s n gin ca b tri ph DSSS trong lung s cn truyn x c tc
Rb c nhn vi mt m tri ph c tc Rc c lung u ra y c tc Rc ln

SVTH: L Tn Thnh Ng Vn Thnh

hn nhiu so vi tc Rb ca lung vo. Cc hnh 2.1b v 2.1b biu th qu trnh tri

ph trong min thi gian v min tn s.
Ti pha thu lung y c thc hin gii tri ph khi phc li lung x bng
cch nhn lung ny vi m tri ph c ging nh pha pht: x=yc

Hnh 1.9. Tri ph chui trc tip (DSSS)

x, y v c k hiu tng qut cho tn hiu vo, ra v m tri ph; x(t), y(t) v c(t) k hiu
cho cc tn hiu vo, ra v m tri ph trong min thi gian; X(f), Y(f) v C(f) k hiu
cho cc tn hiu vo, ra v m tri ph trong min tn s; T b l thi gian mt bit ca lung
s cn pht, Rb=1/Tb l tc bit ca lung s cn truyn; Tc l thi gian mt chip ca m
tri ph, Rc=1/Tc l tc chip ca m tri ph. Rc=15Rb v Tb=15Tc.

SVTH: L Tn Thnh Ng Vn Thnh

Hnh 1.10: Qu trnh gii tri ph v lc tn hiu ca ngi s dng k t K tn hiu.

T ta cng thy c cng ngh a truy nhp CDMA phi gn lin vi iu khin
cng sut khc phc hiu ng gn xa(nu 1 my qu gn trm, cng sut t ngt tng
cao dn n MAI (Multiple Access Interferrence: nhiu a ngi s dng) tng, st s
tn hiu trn nhiu gim mnh v my thu k khng th tch ra c tn hiu ca mnh)
iu khin cng sut trong WCDMA c chia thnh:
- iu khin cng sut vng h
- iu khin cng sut vng kn
iu khin cng sut vng h c thc hin t ng ti UE khi n thc hin th
tc xin truy nhp Nt B (da trn cng sut m n thu c t knh hoa tiu pht i t
B), khi ny UE cha c kt ni vi nt ny. Cn iu khin cng sut vng kn c thc
hin khi UE kt ni vi nt B. iu khin cng sut vng h li c chia thnh:
- iu khin cng sut vng trong c thc hin ti nt B. iu khin cng sut
vng trong c thc hin nhanh vi 1500 ln trong mt giy da trn so snh SIR
thu vi SIR ch
- iu khin cng sut vng ngoi c thc hin ti RNC thit lp SIR ch cho
nt B. iu khin cng sut ny da trn so snh t l li khi (BLER) thu c vi
t l ch.
1.5.2 WCDMA TRONG UMTS
WCDMA (wideband CDMA) l k thut m tri ph bng rng 5MHz

SVTH: L Tn Thnh Ng Vn Thnh

Hnh 1.11: WCDMA trong UMTS

Thng s
Bng thng knh truyn:5MHZ
Kiu song cng: FDD v TDD
Cng ngh tri ph:tri ph trc tip
Tc chip:3.84MHz
Chiu di khung:10ms(38400 chip/sec)
iu ch tri:iu ch cn bng QPSK cho ng xung(Downlink) v song knh QPSK
cho ng ln (uplink)
iu ch d liu:QPSK cho Downlink v BPSK cho uplink
M ha knh:m chp , m Turbo, hay khng m ha
H s tri:4-256(uplink) v 4-512(downlink)
Tri ( downlink )chui OVSF cho phn knh v chi Gold 2^18-1 cho cell v thu bao
phn knh
Tri ( uplink )chui OVSF cho phn knh v chi Gold 2^25 -1 cho cell v thu bao phn
knh

SVTH: L Tn Thnh Ng Vn Thnh

Bng 1.2: So snh WCDMA v GSM

Bng 1.3: So snh WCDMA v IS-95

SVTH: L Tn Thnh Ng Vn Thnh

CHNG 2: CC KNH TRONG WCDMA

2.1 Kin trc giao thc v tuyn

Hnh 2.1: Kin trc giao thc v tuyn cho UTRA FDD
Cc giao thc ca giao din v tuyn c chia thnh 3 nhm:
- Lp mng ( L3 ): c t nh a ch v nh tuyn.
- Lp lin kt ni s liu ( L2 ): lp khun s liu vo cc khi s liu v m bo
truyn dn tin cy gia cc nt ln cn hay cc thc th ng cp.
- Lp vt l ( L1 ): c t cc vn lin quan n giao din v tuyn nh iu
ch v m ha tri ph
Giao thc RRC iu khin v lp cu hnh cc lp di.
Lp 2 c chia thnh cc lp con: MAC ( Medium Access Control: iu khin
truy nhp mi trng ) v RLC ( Radio Link Control: iu khin lin kt ), PDCP
( Packet Data Convergence Protocol: Giao thc hi t s liu gi ) v BMC
( Broadcast/Multicast Control: iu khin qung b/ a phng ).
Lp 1 ( lp vt l ) l lp thp nht giao din v tuyn. Lp vt l c s dng
truyn dn giao din v tuyn. C hai kiu knh vt l trong lp 1 nm hai ch
l FDD v TDD. Mi knh vt l ch FDD c xc nh bng mt t hp tn s,
m ngu nhin ha ( m nh knh) v pha ( ch cho hng ln ).Mi knh vt l ch
TDD c phn bit bi c tnh khe thi gian.

SVTH: L Tn Thnh Ng Vn Thnh

2.2 Knh truyn trong WCDMA

Trong h thng WCDMA c ba loi knh truyn:

-

Knh logic: c xc nh bi kiu thng tin m n truyn. y khng phi l

mt knh truyn thc s, m c hiu nh l cc nhim v khc nhau m
mng hoc thit b u cui cn thc hin ti mi thi im.
Knh truyn ti: miu t cch m knh logic c truyn.
Knh vt l: knh mang s liu trn giao din v tuyn. Mi knh vt l c
phn bit vi nhau thng qua m tri ph.

Hnh 2.2: Knh logic, knh truyn ti, knh vt l trong WCDMA
Trong GSM, BSC nhn dng c cu trc ca cc knh vt l. Trong khi , trong
h thng WCDMA, RNC khng cn quan tm n iu ny, thay vo , n nhn dng
c cc knh truyn ti. Cc knh truyn ti s mang cc thng tn khc nhau vo
giao din v tuyn Uu v trm gc BS s nh x cc thng tin ny vo cc knh vt l.
2.2.1Knh logic
Knh logic trong WCDMA c chia thnh hai nhm: nhm knh iu khin
( CCH: Control Channel ) v nhm knh lu lng ( TCH: Traffic Channel ).
Nhm knh

Tn knh

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ng dng

CCH ( Control BCCH ( Broadcast Control Channel: Knh hng xung. Mang
Channel: Knh Knh qung b ).
thng tin v cell bao gm:
iu khin )
cc m tri ph c dng
trong cell, thng tin v cell
lng ging, mc cng sut
cho php
PCCH ( Paging Control Channel: Knh hng xung. c
Knh tm gi ).
BS pht tm thu bao b
gi
CCCH ( Common Control Channel: Knh hai chiu. Mang thng
Knh diu khin chung ).
tin iu khin gia mng v
cc UE trong cung cell.
c dng khi UE v mng
cha thit lp kt ni.
DCCH ( Dedicated Control Channel: Knh hai chiu. Mang thng
Knh iu khin ring ).
tin iu khin gia mng v
mt UE xc nh. c
dng khi UE kt ni vi
mng.
TCH ( Traffic DTCH ( Dedicated Traffic Channel: Knh hai chiu. c mng
Channel: Knh Knh lu lng dnh ring ).
v UE dng truyn thng
lu lng )
tin vi nhau.
CTCH ( Common Traffic Channel: Knh mt chiu hng
Knh lu lng dng chung ).
xung. c dng truyn
thng tin n mt hoc mt
nhm cc UE.
2.2.2Knh truyn ti
Cc knh logic c lp MAC chuyn i thnh cc knh truyn ti.
C hai loi knh truyn ti: knh truyn ti chung v knh truyn ti ring.
Trong WCDMA, ch c mt knh truyn ti ring duy nht l knh DCH ( Dedicate
Channel ).
Tn knh
c im Chc nng
DCH ( Dedicated Channel: Knh Knh hai chiu. c n nh cho mt UE
ring )
ring bit. Mang thng tin iu khin v lu

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BCH ( Broadcast Channel: Knh

qung b ).
PCH ( Paging Channel: Knh tm
gi ).
FACH ( Forward Access Channel:
Knh truy nhp ng xung ).
RACH ( Random Access Channel:
Knh truy xut ngu nhin ).
CPCH ( Common Packet Channel:
Knh gi chung ).
DSCH ( Dowlink Shared Channel:
Knh chia s hng xung).

lng trao i gia mng v UE ( mang

knh DCCH, DTCH ).
Ch : Mt knh DCH c th mang mt hoc
nhiu knh DTCH cng lc.
Knh chung hng xung pht cc thng
tin qung b ( mang cc knh BCCH ).
Knh mt chiu hng xung. Mang cc bn
tin tm gi ( mang knh logic PCCH ).
Knh mt chiu hng xung. Mang cc thng
tin iu khin n UE. Tt c cc UE trong cell
u nhn c bn tin ny.
Knh mt chiu hng ln. Mang cc thng tin
iu khin t UE n mng. Ngoi ra, n cn
c th truyn cc gi d liu vi tc thp.
Knh mt chiu hng ln pht d liu
ngi dng. y l loi m rng ca RACH.
Knh mt chiu hng xung pht s liu
gi. Chia s cho nhiu UE. S dng truyn
s liu tc cao.

2.2.3Knh vt l
Knh vt l c dng gia cc u cui v cc tram gc BS.
Cc knh vt l c coi l mt t hp ca tn s, m ngu nhin v c pha tng
i ( i vi hng ln ).
Knh vt l bao gm: knh vt l dng chung ( CPCH: Common Physical Channel )
v knh vt l dnh ring ( DPCH: Dedicated Physical Channel ).
Nhm knh
Tn knh
c im Chc nng
DPCH ( Dedicated DPDCH ( Dedicated Knh hai chiu. c n nh cho
Physical
Channel: Physical Data Channel: ring mt UE, mang lu lng ca
knh vt l ring ).
knh vt l s liu ring ). user. N c th mang mt vi cuc
gi ng thi.
DPCCH ( Dedicated Knh hai chiu. c n nh cho
Physical Control Channel: ring mt UE, mang cc thng tin
knh vt l iu khin iu khin: iu khin cng sut
ring ).
( hng xung )
CPCH ( Common P-CCPCH ( Primary Knh hng xung. Mi cell c mt
Physical
Channel: Common
Control knh truyn BCH. V cc UE u
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knh vt l chung ).

Physical Channel: knh

vt l iu khin chung s
cp ).
S-CCPCH ( Secondary
Common
Control
Physical Channel: knh
vt l iu khin chung
th cp ).

nhn v gii tri ph c knh ny

nn knh P-CCPCH c mt m tri
ph c nh.
Knh hng xung. c dng
truyn PCH v FACH. Cc knh
PCH v FACH c th c truyn
chung trn mt knh S-CCPCH
hoc hai knh S-CCPCH khc nhau.
Do , trn mt cell c th c mt
hoc nhiu knh S-CCPCH.
PRACH
(
Physical Knh hng ln. Mang knh truyn
Random Access Channel: ti RACH
knh vt l truy nhp
ngu nhin ).
PCPCH
(
Physical Knh hng ln. Mang knh CPCH.
Common Packet Channel:
Knh vt l gi chung ).
CPICH ( Common Pilot Knh hng hng xung. c
Channel: Knh hoa tiu dng cho vic nh gi cc knh
chung ).
truyn. Tn hiu hoa tiu ging vi
chui hng dn trong GSM. C hai
loi knh: P-CPICH v S-CPICH.
P-CPICH c dng trong ton b
cell. S-CPICH c dng trong mt
phn ca cell.
SCH ( Synchronisation Knh hng xung. Gm hai loi:
Channel: Knh ng b ). P-SCH v S-SCH. P-SCH s dng
m knh c nh, m ny ging nhau
trong h thng. Khi UE gii iu ch
c knh P-SCH th n c th ng
b c khung v ng b c khe
cng nh bit c m xo trn.
PDSCH
(Physical Knh hng xung. Mi cell c th
Downlink
Shared c nhiu PDSCH c dng
Channel: knh vt l chia mang knh truyn ti DSCH.
s ng xung).
AICH
(
Acquisition Knh hng xung, i cp vi

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Indication Channel: Knh

ch th bt ).
PICH ( Page Indication
Channel: Knh ch th tm
gi ).

PRACH. c dng iu khin

truy cp ngu nhin ca PRACH.
Knh hng xung, i cp vi SCCPCH (khi knh ny mang PCH )
pht thng tin kt cui cuc gi
cho tng nhm cuc gi kt cui.
Khi nhn c , thng bo ny, UE
thuc nhm kt cui cuc gi th n
s thu c khung v tuyn trn SCCPCH.
AP-AICH
(
Access Knh hng xung i cp vi
Preamble
Acquisition PCPCH iu khin truy nhp
Indicator Channel: Knh ngu nhin cho PCPCH.
ch th bt tin t truy
nhp ).
CD/CA-ICH ( CPCH Knh hng xung, i cp vi
Collision
Detection/ PCPCH. c dng iu khin
Channel
Assignment va chm PCPCH.
Indicator Channel: knh
ch th pht hin va chm
CPCH/ n nh knh ).
CSICH ( CPCH Status Knh hng xung lin kt vi APIndicator Channel: knh AICH pht thng tin v trng thi
ch th trng thi CPCH ). kt ni PCPCH.
Lu : Cc mode FDD v TDD ch khc nhau cc knh truy nhp d liu. Trong
mode TDD, c cc knh PUSCH v knh PDSCH. Do s khc bit v tc truyn d
liu gia pico cell ( mode TDD ) v micro cell, macro cell ( mode FDD ).
2.2.4 Vic nh x cc knh

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Hnh 2.4: Vic nh x cc knh logic ln cc knh truyn ti, cc knh truyn ti ln
knh vt l.
Ti liu tham kho
Gio trnh UMTS_ t.s Nguyn Phm Anh Dng
http://www.lib.kmutt.ac.th/
http://www.3gpp.org/
http://www.umtsworld.com/
http://www.worldtimezone.com/4g.html
Wireless Information Transmission System Lab
UMTS signaling: UMTS interfaces, protocol message flow and procedure analyzed and
explained by R.KREHER, T.RDEBUSCH
The UMTS Network and Radio Access Technologyby Jonathan P. Castro

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UMTS Networks:Architecture, Mobility and Services

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