020 WCDMA Interference Problem Analysis

Internal
Interference Problem
Analysis
ISSUE 1.0
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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The interference of WCDMA system

includes to parts, one part is selfinterference of system, the other part is
some abnormal interference. Usually,
abnormal interference can not be
predicted, in some cases, it will cause
some problems. In this slide, we will
learn how to locate the resource of
abnormal interference, and how to solve
abnormal interference problem
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Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

Locate the resource of interference
Learn how to solve abnormal interference
problem
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Chapter 1 Abnormal interference types

Chapter 2 Interference analysis
Chapter 3 Interference location
Chapter 4 Typical cases analysis
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Abnormal interference types

According to interfered objects
Uplink abnormal interference
When uplink interference exist, the RTWP (Received

Total Wideband Power ) NodeB received will be higher,
then the output of UE will be increased, and interfere
adjacent cells
If RTWP is too high, it will cause the quality of uplink
badly, the call maybe dropped
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According to interfered objects
Downlink abnormal interference
When downlink interference exist, the background

noise of UE will rises, BLER also rises, SIR will be
decreased, so the output of NodeB will be increased
If the output of NodeB has been up to maximum, but
Qos is still bad, the call maybe dropped
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According to interference resource
Spurious emission interference come from other system
The frequency band of some system (GSM1800, PHS,

TD-SCDMA, etc.) is close to WCDMA frequency band,
can cause some spurious emission
Spurious emission can cause uplink interference or
downlink interference. Usually uplink spurious emission is
larger
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Spurious emission interference of GSM1800 system to WCDMA
Value
29
Spurious emission
(dBm/3.84MHz)
Allowed sensitivity
reduction of interfered 0.1dB
system (dB)
Allowed interference of
interfered system
-121
(dBm/3.84MHz)
Inter-system isolation
(dB)
description
92
-30dBm/3MHz
(protocol requirement)
0.8dB
<3dB
<6dB
<10dB
-112
-105
-100
-96
83
76
71
67
-105dBm/3.84MHz
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(Noise)
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Spurious
emission interference of GSM1800 system to WCDMA

Value
description
-54dBm/3MHz
Spurious emission
-53
(in fact)
(dBm/3.84MHz)
Allowed sensitivity
reduction of
interfered system (dB)
<0.1dB
<0.8dB
<3dB
<6dB
<10dB
Allowed interference
of interfered system
(dBm/3.84MHz)
-121
-112
-105
-100
-96
Inter-system isolation
(dB)
68
-105dBm/3.84MHz
(Noise)
59
52
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Intermodulation
When several systems are installed in same area,

different frequencies of these systems maybe cause
Intermodulation
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Block
When interference is too high, and out of the

work range of WCDMA receiver, the receiver can
not demodulate the signal normally
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Other interference
Microwave transmitter, lightening, etc. maybe cause some

interference in WCDMA frequency band. Some interference
is instantaneous, unabiding, have no more effect to
WCDMA system; some others are long-playing, continuous,
will affect WCDMA system heavily, so we need to eliminate
them or depress their effect
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2.1 External interference analysis
2.2 Internal interference analysis
2.3 Interaction interference analysis
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External interference analysis

External interference type
First type: these interference come from antenna interaction
Especially, when the antennas belong to different system had

been installed face to face, because isolation is smaller, so
spurious emission will affect the site
When environment is complex, and there are so many metal,
so there are so many interactive result
Second type: these interference come from some microwave
equipment
Some interference is periodical, just appears in special time
Some interference just appears in narrow band
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External interference analysis

External interference solution
Adjust antenna: change the position, the direction of antenna, make
main beam of antenna fall away from interference resource

Use some method to decrease interference, e.g. we can check 2G
antenna has been added filter or not, antenna and feeder system is
OK or not. We also can modify the frequencies
If the interference come from microwave equipment, we should find
the transmitter
We can use Yagi antenna, and observe in which direction the
signal is strongest, then we can find the transmitter
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Internal interference analysis

Internal interference type
Usually, internal interference is because of unreasonable system
design
When WCDMA and 2G system use the same antenna and feeder
system, if rejection filters are not installed, the spurious emission
or intermodulation maybe interfere WCDMA
When we install antenna and feeder system, if the connecter is
loose, or feeder curvature is too large, it will cause some
interference
Of course, if antenna or feeder is damaged, it also cause
interference
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Example: WCDMA and GSM CoCo-Siting
If isolation requirement is not very high (<50dB), we can design antenna
and feeder system like this:
GSM 1800
WCDMA
TMA is optional
TMA
Dup-Filter
Dup-Filter
GSM
1800
WCDMA
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Example: WCDMA and GSM CoCo-Siting
If isolation requirement is very high (>50dB), we can design antenna and
feeder system like this:
GSM 1800 WCDMA
TMA is optional
TMA
Dup-Filter
Dup-Filter
Filter
WCDMA
GSM 1800
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10

Internal interference solution
Check antenna and feeder system

Add rejection filter
Modify frequencies
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Interaction interference analysis

Interaction interference type
When the antennas belong to different operator are
installed in the same platform, they will affect each other,

so intermodulation interference is very easy to happen
When environment is complex, or there are some high
building around the platform, intermodulation interference

maybe happen
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Interaction interference analysis

Interaction interference solution
Modifying frequencies to prevent third order
intermodulation from affecting WCDMA site

Adjust antenna to increase isolation between antennas
Adjust the direction, tilt angle of antenna

If intermodulation interference is caused by some metal
objects, we can try to move these objects; if the objects

can not be moved, we can try to move the antenna
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3.1 Interference location ways
3.2 RTWP test steps
3.3 Uplink interference location steps
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Interference location ways

Uplink interference
We can check RTWP (Received Total Wideband Power ) to
look for interference.

When there is no subscriber, no amplifier, no interference,
RTWP should be about -105dBm; if TMA has been used, it

should be about -106dBm
If RTWP is just higher than normal value about 1~2 dB, it is
because of background noise, and it is no more effect
If RTMP is larger and change very fast, it means abnormal
interference happened
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Interference location ways

Downlink interference
According to drive test data analysis, if the pilot signal
of Best Server is very good, but Ec/Io is very bad, we

can confirm that downlink interference happened
Downlink interference can cause capacity decrease
If downlink interference is higher, call drop is easy to

happen
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3.2 RTWP test steps
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RTWP test steps

Step 1: find the cell we want to test
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RTWP test steps

Step 2: check cell state
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RTWP test steps

Step 3: start RTWP test task
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RTWP test steps

Step 3: start RTWP test task
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RTWP test steps

Step 4: RTWP test data processing
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RTWP test steps

Step 5: RTWP test data analysis
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3.2 RTWP test steps
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Uplink interference location steps

Step 1: get FNE (Fixed Network Element) information
Get the information about antenna and feeder system
Type, position, direction, tilt angle of antenna

Feeder type, coupler, jumper etc.
Check the antennas which belong to other operators near
our antennas: position, direction, frequency configuration

(if possible)
Check around our antenna there are some larger metal
objects or not
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Step 2: test preparation
Prepare test antenna, feeder, connector (male or
female), match head

Get RTWP through NodeB
If need more test, we can use YBT250 or HP 8595E
frequency spectrum analyze

If need to test a small interference, YBT250 should
be connected to LNA (Low Noise Amplifier)
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Step 3: interference type judgment
Put test antenna to the position of every antenna
If possible, during test, we had better shut off WCDMA
site if GSM and WCDMA use same antenna and feeder,

shut off GSM site also
In this condition, if there is some interference, it must
be external interference
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Step 3: interference type judgment
If there is no interference, it maybe internal interference
or interaction interference
if GSM and WCDMA use same antenna and feeder,
open WCDMA site, confirm GSM site is off
If interference appears, it must be internal
interference
If there is no interference yet, it must be
interaction interference
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Step 4: external interference location
External interference usually come from other site of this
operator or other operators

Check in the same platform or nearby platform, there are
some other antennas or not, the distance between these

antennas is too close or not, the direction of these
antennas is straight to test antenna or not
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Step 4: external interference location
Change the direction of test antenna, then observe RTWP result
If RTWP result has a large difference, the interference

probably come from this antenna
We can change the position or direction of this antenna to
try to solve problem; if the problem cannot be solved,
maybe we need to negotiate with other operator about
antenna and feeder system
Some external interference maybe come from some
microwave equipment. We can use Yagi antenna to locate
the direction of interference
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Step 5: internal interference location
Check rejection filter has been added or not, if not, add it

So many internal interference is because of feeder,
jumper, or connector. The common problems are:

Connector loose
Connector badly
Jumper badly
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Step 6: interaction interference location
Check the frequencies of WCDMA and GSM configured, the
probable reason is intermodulation

Modifying frequencies can solve the problem
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4.1 External interference case
4.2 Internal interference case
4.3 Interaction interference case
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Section 1 External interference case

RTWP of Site 701070A
701070A,, cell 0
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FNE of Site 701070A
701070A
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The antenna position of Site 701070A
701070A
2
3
5
Sundays 3G Main
Antenna/ 2G Div
Antenna
Omni Pager
Antenna
Car Park
Sundays 3G Div
Antenna/ 2G Main
Antenna
Platform
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The photo of platform
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The antenna position after adjustment
1
2
Hutchisons GSM
Repeater Antenna
3
Hutchisons GSM
Repeater Antenna
4
5
Sundays 3G Main/Div
Antenna
Omni
Antenna
Car Park
Pager
Sundays 2G Main/Div
Antenna
Platform
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Internal interference case

RTWP of Site 701180,
701180, cell 0
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701180, cell 1
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FNE of Site 701180
701180
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The position of interference
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Solution
The connector of jumper between X2 and

feeder loose
Fasten connector
The connector of jumper in X8 badly
Change connector
The jumper between X4 and feeder badly
Change jumper
The jumper between X4 and X12 badly
Change jumper
The jumper between X5 and X20 (load)

badly
Remove jumper, use a adapter

connect X20 to X5
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701180, cell 0,
0, after adjustment
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701180, cell 1, after adjustment
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Interaction interference case

RTWP of Site 701310
701310,, cell 0
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FNE of Site 701310
701310
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Photo of this site
Near SUNDAYs antennas, there are two antennas belong to CSL (another
operator) straight to SUNDAYs antennas. The distance is about 2m
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Frequency distribution
There are three frequencies used in GSM site:
BCCH: 1871.6MHz (844)

TCH_1(HF): 1865.2~1870.4MHz (812~838)
TCH_2(HF): 1865.2~1870.4MHz (812~838)
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Solution
We can modify the frequencies of GSM site to prevent third
order intermodulation from affecting WCDMA site:

BCCH: 1811.4MHz (543)
TCH_1(HF): 1810.8~1811.4MHz (540~543)
TCH_2(HF): 1810.8~1811.4MHz (540~543)
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RTWP of Site 701310, cell 0, after adjustment
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Summary
Summary
Interference analysis and location
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Thank You
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020 WCDMA Interference Problem Analysis

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Internal

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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The interference of WCDMA system

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Chapter 1 Abnormal interference types

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Abnormal interference types

When uplink interference exist, the RTWP (Received

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Abnormal interference types

When downlink interference exist, the background

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Abnormal interference types

The frequency band of some system (GSM1800, PHS,

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Abnormal interference types

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Abnormal interference types

emission interference of GSM1800 system to WCDMA

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Abnormal interference types

When several systems are installed in same area,

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Abnormal interference types

When interference is too high, and out of the

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Abnormal interference types

Microwave transmitter, lightening, etc. maybe cause some

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Chapter 1 Abnormal interference types

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Chapter 2 Interference analysis

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External interference analysis

Especially, when the antennas belong to different system had

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External interference analysis

main beam of antenna fall away from interference resource

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Chapter 2 Interference analysis

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Internal interference analysis

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Internal interference analysis