Gas

Elements that exist as gases at 250C and 1 atmosphere

5.1

5.1

Ciri-ciri fisik Gas:

Gas mengikuti bentuk dan volume tempatnya..

Gas adalah materi yang dapat dimampatkan.

Gas akan tecampur rata seluruhnya apabila berada

dalam satu ruang yang sama.

Gas memiliki kerapatan yang sangat rendah

dibandingkan dengan cairan dan padatan.

5.1

Tekanan=

Gaya
Luas

(gaya = massa x percepatan)

Satuan Tekanan:
1 pascal (Pa) = 1 N/m2
1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 760 torr
= 101,325 Pa
= 14.7 psi
= 29.92 in. Hg

Barometer

5.2

10 miles

4 miles
Sea level

0.2 atm

0.5 atm
1 atm

5.2

Hukum Boyle

P 1/V

Ini berarti tekanan dan

volume BERBANDING
TERBALIK apabila mil
dan suhu konstan (tidak
berubah). Contohnya, P
naik dan V turun.

P1V1 = P2 V2

Robert Boyle
(1627-1691).
Son of Earl of
Cork, Ireland.

Hukum Charles
Jika tekanan dan mol
konstan,maka V T
V dan T BERBANDING
LURUS.

V1

V2
=

T1

T2

If one temperature goes up, the

volume goes up!

Jacques Charles (17461823). Isolated boron

and studied gases.
Balloonist.

Gay-Lussacs Law
Jika mol dan volume
konstan,maka P T
P dan T
BERBANDING
LURUS.
P1
P2
=

T1

T2

If one temperature goes up,

the pressure goes up!

Joseph Louis GayLussac (1778-1850)

Combined Gas Law

The good news is that you dont
have to remember all three gas
laws! Since they are all related to
each other, we can combine them
into a single equation. BE SURE
YOU KNOW THIS EQUATION!
P1 V1
P2 V2
=
T1
T2
No, its not related to R2D2

And now, we pause for this

commercial message from STP
OK, so its really not THIS kind
of STP
STP in chemistry stands for
Standard Temperature and
Pressure

Standard Pressure =
1 atm (or an
equivalent)
Standard
Temperature = 0 deg
C (273 K)

STP
STP allows
allows us
us to
to
compare
compare amounts
amounts of
of
gases
gases between
between different
different
pressures
pressures and
and
temperatures
temperatures

Hukum Avogadro
V jumlah mol (n)
V = konstan x n

Constant temperature
Constant pressure

V1/n1 = V2/n2

5.3

Persamaan Gas Ideal

1
Boyles law: V (at
constant n and T)
P
Charles law: V T(at constant n and P)
Avogadros law: V n(at constant P and T)
nT
V
P

nT
nT
V = constant x
=R
P
P

R is the gas constant

PV = nRT
5.4

Pada kondisi 0 0C and 1 atm dinamakan standard

temperature and pressure (STP).
Percobaan memperlihatkan bahwa pada STP, 1
mol gas ideal memenuhi 22.414 L.

PV = nRT
(1 atm)(22.414L)
PV
R=
=
nT
(1 mol)(273.15 K)
R = 0.082057 L atm / (mol K)
5.4

Density (d) Calculations

PM
m
d=
=
V
RT

m is the mass of the gas in g

M is the molar mass of the gas

Molar Mass (M ) of a Gaseous Substance

dRT
M=
P

d is the density of the gas in g/L

5.4

A 2.10-L vessel contains 4.65 g of a gas at 1.00 atm

and 27.00C. What is the molar mass of the gas?

dRT
M=
P
2.21

M=

g
L

4.65 g
m
=
= 2.21
d=
V 2.10 L

x 0.0821

Latm
molK

g
L

x 300.15 K

1 atm

M = 54.6 g/mol

5.3

Gas Stoichiometry

What is the volume of CO2 produced at 370 C and 1.00

atm when 5.60 g of glucose are used up in the reaction:
C6H12O6 (s) + 6O2 (g)

6CO2 (g) + 6H2O (l)

g C6H12O6

mol C6H12O6

5.60 g C6H12O6 x

6 mol CO2
1 mol C6H12O6
x
= 0.187 mol CO2
180 g C6H12O6
1 mol C6H12O6

V=

nRT
=
P

mol CO2

V CO2

Latm
x 310.15 K
molK
1.00 atm

0.187 mol x 0.0821

= 4.76 L
5.5

Hukum Dalton mengenai Tekanan Parsial

V and T
are
constant

P1

P2

Ptotal = P1 + P2
5.6

Consider a case in which two gases, A and B, are in a

container of volume V.

nART
PA =
V

nA is the number of moles of A

nBRT
PB =
V

nB is the number of moles of B

PT = PA + PB
PA = XA PT

nA
XA =
nA + nB

nB
XB =
nA + nB

PB = XB PT

Pi = Xi PT

mole fraction (Xi) =

ni
nT
5.6

A sample of natural gas contains 8.24 moles of CH4,

0.421 moles of C2H6, and 0.116 moles of C3H8. If the
total pressure of the gases is 1.37 atm, what is the
partial pressure of propane (C3H8)?

Pi = Xi PT

PT = 1.37 atm

Xpropane =

0.116
8.24 + 0.421 + 0.116

= 0.0132

Ppropane = 0.0132 x 1.37 atm = 0.0181 atm

5.6

Bottle full of oxygen

gas and water vapor

2KClO3 (s)

2KCl (s) + 3O2 (g)

PT = PO2 + PH 2O

5.6

5.6

Chemistry in Action:
Scuba Diving and the Gas Laws

Depth (ft)

Pressure
(atm)

33

66

5.6

Teori Kinetik Molekul Gas

1. Gas terdiri atas molekul-molekul yang
bergerak random.
2. Tidak terdapat tarikan maupun tolakan antar
molekul gas.
3. Tumbukan antar molekul adalah tumbukan
elastik sempurna, yakni tidak ada energi
kinetik yang hilang.
4. Bila dibandingkan dengan volume yang
ditempati gas, volume real molekul gas
dapat diabaikan.
5.7

Penyimpangan Perilaku Ideal

1 mole of ideal gas

PV = nRT
PV = 1.0
n=
RT

Repulsive Forces

Attractive Forces

5.8

Effect of intermolecular forces on the pressure exerted by a gas.

5.8

PersamaanVan der Waals

Gas Nyata
2
an
( P + V2 ) (V nb) = nRT

Tekanan
terkoreksi

volume
terkoreksi

5.8