Cch s dng mt s thit b ng ct in an ton

p ng nhng i hi v an ton ngy cng cao ca con ngi, cc nh sn xut thit b in

cho ra i rt nhiu thit b bo v mng in dn dng nhm m bo s an ton ti a
cho ngi s dng, tiu biu v thng dng nht l MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker) v
MCCB (Molded Case Circuit Breaker), RCD (residual current device), cu ch...
la chn v s dng cc thit b trn, chng ta nn tham kho thng tin ca tng loi sn
phm:
MCB v MCCB:
C nhiu nguyn cu v vic phn bit gia MCB v MCCB. Tuy nhin v kha cnh dn
dng, kinh t ngi ta phn bit hai loi ny da vo cc yu t sau:
- MCB: dng in khng vt qu 100A, in p di 1.000V
- MCCB: dng in c th ln ti 1.000A, in p di 1.000V
+ Cng dng: dng ng ngt mch in khi c s c qu ti, ngn mch, bo v an ton
cho con ngi v cho thit b s dng in.
+ Cch la chn: c nhiu cch la chn MCB, MCCB. Tuy nhin, d cch no th chng
cng phi tha mn iu kin sau:
IB < In < IZ v ISCB > ISC
(Trong : IB l dng in ti ln nht; In l dng in nh mc ca MCB, MCCB; Iz l
dng in cho php ln nht ca dy dn in (c cho bi nh sn xut); ISCB l dng in
ln nht m MCB, MCCB c th ct; Isc l dng in ngn mch).
V d: mt ti mt pha s dng ngun in 220V c dng in ln nht l 13A v dng in
ngn mch tnh ton c l 5KA. Th ta chn MCB v dy dn nh sau: MCB Comet
CM216A c dng nh mc l 16A, cng ct ln nht l 6KA v dy dn Cadivi 2 x
2,5mm2 c dng cho php ln nht l 18A. Chng ta nn chn MCB, MCCB ca cc nh sn
xut c uy tn trn th trng hin nay nh Comet, Clipsal, Hager... v nhng sn phm ny
c sn xut v kim tra di nhng iu kin, tiu chun kht khe theo tiu chun quc t.
i vi trng hp km cht lng th nn thay ci mi, khng nn sa cha.
RCD (residual current device) hoc ELCB (Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker) hoc RCCB
(residual current circuit breaker)
+ Cng dng: Dng ngt mch in mt cch t ng khi c hin tng dng r xy ra
gia dy pha v dy trung tnh hoc dy ni t.
+ Mt s lu khi kim tra v s dng RCD:
* RCD khng bo v qu ti, khng bo v khi c s s ngn mch. RCD l thit b bo v,
bn thn n khng phi l mt thit b ng ct. V vy, RCD phi dng kt hp vi thit b
ng ct h p khc... Nhng c trng hp cc thit b ng ct h p ny bao gm c mt
b RCD ngay trong cu to ca n v c gi chung l RCD hoc RCCB (residual current
circuit breaker).

* Nn kim tra RCD hng thng, cch kim tra RCD l nhn vo nt "Test" hoc l "T"
trn thn RCD, ng tc ny l vic m phng c xut hin dng in r. Nu RCD tc ng
tt, th mch in b ngt. Nu ngc li RCD khng tc ng th chng ta nn thay ci
mi. Vic kim tra phi c lp i lp li nhiu ln m bo RCD hot ng mt cch tt
nht.