2

2.1
(Kanban System)
(Toyota Production System : TPS)
.. 1979
The Machine that Changed the World (Womack, Jones,
Roos, 1991) Lean Thinking (Womack, Jones, 1996)
TPS 14

2.1.1 14
14 2

(Kanban System)
2.1.1.1 2

1.

2.

3.

2.1.1.2 3
1.


(Just-In-Time)
6

2.

3.
2.1.1.3 4 (Heijunka)
1. 1 3

2.
(Stop/Start)
(Batch)
2.1.1.4 5

1. (Value Proposition)

2.
3.

Jidoka ()
(Built-in Quality)
4.

5.

2.1.1.5 6

1. (Stable)

2.

2.1.1.6 7 (Visual Control)

1.

2.

3.

4.
(, 2549, .71-74)
2.1.2 (Kanban System)
(Kanban System)
(Lean Production)

(Overproduction)

(Value Stream)

(Pull System)

2.1

(Large Lot) (Push System)

(Flexibility)

(Overproduction) (Waste)
7 (Zero Kanban)

(Reordering Point Method)
(
)

10

2.1
2.1

1.
2.
3.

4.

()

)
( =
/
/

( =)

(/)

: ,2549, Kanban for the shopfloor, .27.

(Production Work Order)

11

( )





2.1.2.1
1
(Supply) (Withdraw)

-
-

-
-
3 100%

(Built-in Quality)

1

12

4
(Production Leveling) (Load
Smoothing)

5

1

2.1.2.2
1. (Transport Kanbans)


2

13

2.2

: , 2549, Kanban for the

shopfloor, .52.
(Supplier Kanban or Partsordering Kanban)

2.3

: , 2549,
Kanban for the shopfloor, .53.

14

(Withdrawal or Infactory Kanban)

2. 2 (Production Kanban)
2
(Production-ordering Kanban)

(Standard Production Order)

2.4

: , 2549, Kanban for the shopfloor, .55.

15

(Signal Kanban)

(Triangle Kanban)
(, 2549)
2.5

: , 2549, Kanban for the shopfloor, .55

2.1.2.3
1. (Productivity Press Team, 2549)

X =

X
P
L
S
C

P (L + S )
C

16

2. 1 Lot
Lot Lot
Cycle time
Y=

T
R I

Lot
T
(Sec/Lot)
R
(Sec/Pcs)
I
(Pcs/Kanban)
3.
% Utilization

%Utilization =

A
100
D

(m3)
D
(m3)
2.1.3

(Waste)
(Value)


(Waste)

17

2.2

(Defect)
(Waiting)

(Processing)
(Overproduction)
(Movement)
(Inventory)
(Transport)

(Unused Employee Creativity)

(Scrap) (Rework)

(Stock outs)

(Downtime) (Bottleneck)

(WIP)

WIP

: , 2549, Just-in-Time for

Operators, .28.

(Overproduction)
(Excess Inventory)
(Overproduction)
(WIP)

(Excess Inventory)

18

(Large Lots) (Changeover)


(Lead Time)

(Changeover)
(Single Minute Exchange of Die: SMED)
Shigeo Shingo 3 (
, 2549)
2.1.4 (Quick Changeover for Operators: The
SMED System)
Single Minute Exchange of Dies
(SMED)
1
(Internal Setup)
(External
Setup)




30-50%

19

2

2

-
3
(Internal Setup)

- 2

- (Clamp)
- (, 2549)
2.1.5 (Inventory Cost)
(Inventory)

1. (Raw material inventory)

2. (Work-in-process inventory: WIP)

(Cycle time)

20

3. (Maintenance / Repair /
Operating: MROs)

4. (Finished goods inventory)

(Holding costs)
(Ordering costs) (Setup costs)
(Holding costs)

2.3

(Ordering cost)
()

(Setup cost)

21

2.3

()
(
6% (3-10%)
)

3% (1-3.5%)
(
3% (3-5%)
)
( )
11% (6-24%)

3% (2-5%)
26%

= + +
TC = DS + QH + PD

D

S

P

H

(Stock out cost)

22

2.1.6
KPI Key Performance Indicator
KPI

KPI
KPI
1.

2.

3.
KPI
1. (Quantitative)


2. (Quality)

3. (Milestone)
(Benchmark)
(Gap Analysis)

23

4. (Behavior)

KPI
1.
(Business process)
(Stakeholder)

( SWOT Analysis)
(Strategies)
(Tactics) KPI
2. KPI
3. KPI
KPI KPI
KPI
4. KPI
KPI

5.

(, 2550)
2.1.7
(QC Circle: QCC)
.
1950 QCC
QCC
.. 2518
2.1.7.1 QCC

1.

24

2. QCC

3. QCC

4. Basic 7QC New
7QC (VA)
2.1.7.2 QCC
QCC
1.



5 -10 QCC

2.6 QCC

: , 2550,
, .116.

25

2. (First-line)

3.



QCC

4. QCC

2.1.7.3 QCC
1.
QCC

2.
QCC
1

QCC

-
-
-

26

3.

QCC
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4.
QCC

- QCC

- QCC

- QCC
QCC
- QCC

27

2.7 QCC

QCC

(/ QC)

QC

-
-

()

: , 2550,
, .119.

(QCC)

QCC Evolution QCC e-QCC

(Know-How)
e-QCC 3
1.

2. (Know-How)

28

3.
(Competency) (, 2550, .107130).
2.1.8




2.1.8.1

1.

2.


(, 2550, .271-277).
2.8

29

2.1.8.2




1.

2.
4M Man, Machine, Material Method
3.
(, 2550, .304-305).
2.9

2.2
M.C. Jothishankar and H.P. (Ben) Wang (1992)
The just in time (JIT)

30

1.
2.
3. What-If

2.10 M.C. Jothishankar and H.P. (Ben) Wang

31

8

C1 = Demand
C 2 = Time to assemble part A

C 3 = Time to assemble part B

C 4 = Number of parts in cart A

C 5 = Number of parts in cart B

C 6 = Number of parts in cart C
C 7 = Number of cart A
C8 = Number of carts B

MINITAB R = 65%, s = 0.7691
95
(2548)

1.

2.

3.

3

(Mathematical Model)
(Simulation Model)

32

(2546)

6
(Lead time)

23 48 (Lead time) 27 52


(Service level) 99

33

(2547)
(QCC)
QCC
7.8 2547

17
5
1.

2. (Master Plan) QCC

3.

4.QCC
5. QCC
(2544)




315

34

(2549)



317