.

.
2.0

, 2013. .


I.

............................................................................................................................................... 5
1.

........................................................................................................................................... 5

2.

, , .................................................................................................. 6

3.

, ................................................................................................. 7

II. T GSM900/DCS1800
........................................................................................................................................ 13
1.

......................................................................................................................................... 13

2.

GSM900/DCS1800: ............................................................................... 13

3.

................................................................................................ 15

4.

........................................................................................ 15

5.

( )..................................................... 16

6.

................................................................................................................. 18
6.1.

..................................................................................... 19

6.2.

..................................................................................... 22

6.3.

..................................................................... 24

6.4.

............................................................................................. 27

6.5. -
-............................................................ 30
6.6.

...................................................................................................... 32

6.7.

............................................ 33

6.8.

...................................................................................... 34

6.9.

.................................................................................................................. 35

6.10.
7.

() ...................................................................................... 36

..................................................................................................... 37
7.1.

.............................................................................................. 37

7.2.

............................................................................................ 38

7.3.

................................................................................. 38

7.4.

................................................................ 38

7.5.

- ...................................................... 39

7.6.

............................................................................................. 39

III.

7.7.

............................................................................................... 39

7.8.

.................................................................. 39

7.9.

....................................................................... 39

7.10.

........................................................................................... 39

7.11.

............................................ 40

7.12.

................................................................................. 40

7.13.

....................................................................................... 40

UMTS ...... 41
1.

UMTS: ................................................................................................... 41

2.

................................................................................................ 42

3.

........................................................................................ 42

4.

( )..................................................... 43

5.

................................................................................................................. 44
5.1. .......................................................................................... 44
5.2. .......................................................................................... 45
5.3. .......................................................................... 48
5.4. .................................................................................................. 50
5.5. ........................................................................................................... 52
5.6. ................................................. 52
5.7. ........................................................................................... 52
5.8. ....................................................................................................................... 52
5.9. () ............................................................................................... 52

6.
IV.

V.

..................................................................................................... 52
.................................. 53

1.

.................................................................................................... 53

2.

.............................................................................................. 54

3.

.............................................................................. 54

4.

ee e e .................................................................................... 54

5.

............... 55
, ............................................ 56

1 ............................................................................................................................................... 58

I.

1.
,

( ).

.
-,
.
:

()/ ,

2. , ,
3GPP

(3rd Generation Partnership Project)

8-PSK

(8-Phase Shift Keying)

Abis

(GSM Interface BTS-BSC)

ar

ee eee e dB

ARFCN

(Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number)

BCH

(Broadcast Channel)

B(T)S

(Base (Transceiver) Station)

BW
(Bandwidth)
CDMA
(Code Division Multiple Access)
CPICH
(Common Pilot Channel)
CW
K (Continuous Wave)
(Digital Cellular Service)
DCS1800
DL
- (Downlink)
EDGE
(Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution)
E-GSM900 GSM (Extended GSM)
EIRP

ENB
IF (RBW) (quivalent
Noise Bandwidth)
ERP
(Effective Radiated Power)
ETSI
(European Telecommunications Standards Institute)
FDMA
(Frequency Division Multiple Access)
FDD
(Frequency Division Duplex)
FM
(Frequency Modulation)
FH
(Frequency Hopping)
G
(Gain)
GMSK
(Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying)
GPS
(Global Positioning System)
GSM
-
, .
(Global System for Mobile Communications)
GSM1800 DCS1800
HDSL
(High bit rate Digital Subscriber Line)
HSDPA
(High Speed Downlink Packet Access)
IM
( ) (Intermodulation)

(Lambda)
LAC
(Location Area Code)
MNC
(Mobile Network Code)
MCC
(Mobile Country Code)
OBW
(Occupied Bandwidth)
OVSF
(Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor)
P
(Power)
PDH
(Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy)

PDN
(Packet Data Networks)
P-GSM900 GSM (Primary GSM)
QPSK
(Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying)
RAN
(Radio Access Network)
RBW
(Resolution
Bandwidth)
RF
(Radio Frequency)
RMS
a (Root Mean Square)
r

ee eee
S
ee e
(spreading factor )
SF
S/N
O / (Signal-to-noise)
TCH
(Traffic Channel)
TDMA
(Time Division Multiple Access)
TMA
(Tower Mounted Amlifier)
TMB
(Tower Mounted Booster)
S
(Time slot)
UARFCN
(UTRA Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number)
UHF
(Ultra High Frequency)
UL
- (Uplink)
UMTS
(Universal Mobile Telecommunications System)
UTRAN
(UMTS terrestrial radio access network)
VBW

VHF
(Very High Frequency)
VSWR
(Voltage Standing Wave Ratio)
WCDMA
(Wideband Code Division Multiple Access)
WGS84

6 356 752,3142 6 378 137,0

3. ,
,

,
.
, P(i)[dBm], i=1,2N, N
() . N
1001 501. SPAN
SPAN=(FSTOP-FSTART). ENB (equivalent noise bandwidth)
IF (RBW) .
IF , ENB/RBW(-3dB) :
IF
4-
5-
FFT

(FFT)

NB/RBW(-3dB)
1.128 (0.52dB)
1.111 (0.46dB)
1.056 (0.24dB)

 PTOT[mW] :



1



  

 10  






1


   10 log !

 10  "





)*

PCH[mW], BWCH , :


1
#$

 10  

#$  

 %& ' %  ( 1
)+

)*


1
#$
#$   10 log ,

 10  
 %& ' %  ( 1
)+

X1 X2 BWCH=(X2-X1)*SPAN/(N-1).
99% , BW99%
Y2 Y1 :


+
/
10  



 

 10



/* 10  

 

 10

 0.005
 0.005



 ' 1
, fC , iC,
:
BW99% :
22%  4& ' 4 

5#  6789 :



*
//
10   5
+


*
 
//
10
+

round(x) x.
, fC , :


<#  =>?@ ( 5# ' 1
 ' 1
8

 .
e e e e e e ee e -,
e e e e ee.
- ,
.
e e e ee
e ee .

,
.
ee e ee e e.

,
,
,
GSM900/DCS1800 . , ,
,
, ETSI , ,
.
VSWR :




AB  C1 ( D EG
H / C1 ' D EG
H
F
F

Pr Pd [W].
,
, , ,
, .
e e e ee e e,
e, ee e e e, e e
e e e e e. e
e e 0 e, 180
e e , e .
e e e e
e. e e e 0 e, 90 ee
, e ee e .
.
ee e e ee WGS84 e
e e. e e
, e, e e. e e
e e e ee e : e
() e () e.

.
() ee e e e .
e eee e e e e e
eee .
, ,
,

, ,
. ,
. .
:
) (Gi),
;
) (Gd),
, ;
-
.
Ee ee e e
.
Ee e, ee e e ee
ee e e e .
() (ERP)

.
e e e e e ee e e

ee e e ee, e e
ee e e e e
e e ee.
.
V/m.
e e e ee e .
-
.
.
.
e e e e ee e
ee e e.
eee e e e e e e e e e .
ee e ee ee .
GSM900/DCS1800
ARFCN, I.3-1, gde je
n- ARFCN , a fd- ARFCN-a , a fu ARFCN- , MHz.

I.3-1:

P-GSM900
E-GSM900
DCS1800

[MHz]
Downlink: 935.0-960.0
Uplink: 890.0-915.0
Downlink: 925.0-960.0
Uplink: 880.0-915.0
Downlink: 1805.0-1880.0
Uplink: 1710.0-1785.0

ARFCN
fd=935+0.2*n
fu=890+0.2*n
fd=935+0.2*n
fu=880+0.2*n
fd=1805.2+0.2*(n-512)
fu=1710.2+0.2*(n-512)

1n124
0n124
975n1023
512n885

10

 UMTS
UARFCN. UARFCN ,
UL DL , :
1
JK: N  5
 R=NS ' =NS_UUVWX Y
OPQ
1
aK: b  5
 R=bS ' =bS_UUVWX Y
MHz

=NS_Z[\ ] =NS ] =NS_^_^ ,

=bS_Z[\ ] =bS ] =bS_^_^ ,

NU, ND- UARFCN UL DL , FDL-

UARFCN-a , a FUL- UARFCN-a
, MHz. FUL_Offset, FUL_low , FUL_high, FDL_Offset, FDL_low FDL_high
I.3-2.

I.3-2

I
UARFCN

UL
UE , Node B
FUL_Offset

[MHz]
, FUL
[MHz]
FUL_low
FUL_high
0
1922.4
1977.6
UL: 9612-9888

DL
UE , Node B
FDL_Offset

[MHz]
, FDL
[MHz]
FDL_low
FDL_high
0
2112.4
2167.6
DL: 10562-10838

ee e e ee,
e ee e e ee .
-
/ ,
. :
RF
,
.
/ ,
.
-, RF
/
.
.
-
, ,
.
ee e -e e e -e
ee .
ee eee e e :
ar = 10 log10 r2 = 20 log10r= log

e e:
ar - ee eee e dB,
11

fg
,
fh

r - ee eee,
S - ee e .
e ee e e e .
e ee :
ee ee e e e +150C +350C,
e e 20% 75%,
e e 860mbar (hPa) 1060mbar (hPa).
-e e ee e 230V/400V
+10%/-15% eee 50Hz, 2%.
e eee ee e
e 3dB .
()
.
ee e e e e
.

:
<ij  2 <i ' <# ,
<ij&  2 <# ' <i ,
fC fI .
,
,
/2 .
ITU-R , /2
0.5%.

12

II. T
GSM900/DCS1800
1.
,
,
.

, , ,
, .

.
,
, ,
.

.

.
,
,
-,
.

2. GSM900/DCS1800:
- GSM ,
.
GSM900/DCS1800 :

13

,
;

FDMA TDMA -
, FDD.

GSM900/DCS1800 GMSK (BT=0.3) 200kHz.

,
. 1 6,
3.
/
, , ( 1
4) , .
,
.
P-GSM900, E-GSM900 900 MHz
25 MHz, 35 MHz ,
45 MHz. 890 (880 E-GSM900) 915 MHz
- (UL), 935 (925
E-GSM900) 960 MHz - (DL).
DCS1800 1800 MHz
75 MHz, 95 MHz. 1710-1785
MHz - (UL),
1805-1880 MHz - ( DL).
(-)
200 kHz. - P-GSM900 je 124, E-GSM900 174,
DCS1800 374.
,
. GSM 8.
- TDMA 8 ,
577s 156.25 . TDMA 4.615ms (577s x 8 = 4.615 ms)
271kb/s.
GSM EDGE (2G) GSM
GSM , TDMA

IP .
EDGE 8-PSK ,
( 384kb/s , 48kb/s
). GMSK
3 .

14

EDGE 3, GSM
4.615-ms , 8 270.833
kHz, GSM 200kHz, GSM
EDGE GSM
.

3.
GSM ,
:

, (ARFCN);

-
-

,

.

, -, :

() .

, .

4.
GSM ,
:

15

- ;

PDH ;

;
.

.
, -

, -
, .

5. ( )
:
RF (channel power);
(OBW-occupied bandwidth);
;
,

, ,
.
:
0,01-3GHz;
. 80dB;
. -110dBm;
RBW ( ) 100Hz-3MHz;
2.5x10-6;
1,5dB ,
1 10dB o;
50.
:
800MHz-4.2GHz;
: -30dB, -50dB;

16

 : 0.5dB;
: 20dB;
: 20dB;
: 100W;
50.
:
0,01-3GHz;
50;
: 30dB;
: 0.5W.
/:
0,01-3GHz;
50;
: 30dB;
: 100W;
: 30dB.
- e ,
;
GPS e:
4 GPS ;
10 ,
.
-:
15 ;
5 ;
3 .
e e
;
50.
:
20-60dB;
50.
:
200 , 0,3 ;
, 0,3.
:
: 1 dB;
: 100W;
: 20dB.
925-960MHz:
: 30dB;
(880-915MHz): 6dB;
(100kHz-3GHz): 3dB;
: 20dB.
1805-1880MHz:
17

 : 30dB;
(1710-1785MHz): 6dB;
(100kHz-3GHz): 3dB;
: 20dB.
GSM900/DCS1800/UMTS :
:
: Cell ID, MNC (Mobile Network Code), MCC (Mobile Country Code), LAC
(Location Area Code).
, ,
/ ,

,

/ 0.25dB.

6.

II.6-1:

II.6-1

, .

. ,
,
.
18

;
(2) (1)
() (1)
;
(2) ()
;
(3) ,
(), (1);
(4)
().
,
, .

6.1.

II.6-1.
;
:

START FREK= I.3-1;

STOP FREK= I.3-1;

RBW=100kHz;

VBW=100kHz;

TRIGGER=FREE RUN;

SWEEP TIME=AUTO;

REF LEVEL=20dBm;

AMP SCALE=log: 10db/div;

DETEKTOR MODE=Peak;

TRACE=Max hold.
ARFCN
;
,
, ARFCN
;
ARFCN .

, ,
ARFCN .

15 ,
TCH kanala, , a,
__h__min __h__min
.
19


.

:

GSM900/DCS1800 EDGE ,
:

FC=f ( ARFCN-a, BCH TCH );

SPAN=360kHz;

RBW=30kHz;

VBW=30kHz;

TRIGGER=FREE RUN;

TRACE=Max hold;

MEASUREMENT MODE= OCCUPIED BANDWIDTH;

PERCENT OF POWER =99%.

.

GSM900/DCS1800
EDGE , :

FC=f ( ARFCN-a, BCH TCH );

SPAN=500kHz;

RBW=10kHz;

VBW=10kHz;

SWEEP TIME=Auto;

TRIGGER=FREE RUN;

TRACE=Max hold.
;

,
.

, ,
____.___ [MHz], , e .
BCH .
ARFCN
10kHz.

20

 TCH
.

.

,
, fLM 200kHz
, fHM 200kHz
ARFCN


FSTART=fLM;

FSTOP=fHM;

RBW=10kHz;

VBW=10kHz;

TRIGGER=FREE RUN;

TRACE=Max hold;

MEASUREMENT MODE= OCCUPIED BANDWIDTH;

PERCENT OF POWER =99%.
, OBW, , fC ,
.

21

,
, fLM 200kHz
, fHM 200kHz
ARFCN


FSTART=fLM;

FSTOP=fHM;

RBW=10kHz;

VBW=10kHz;

TRIGGER=FREE RUN;

TRACE=Max hold;
;
, OBW, , fC ,
,
.

 , fL , , fH , ,
:
<S  <# '

<$  <# (

l
2

l
2

,
, fL fH e ____.___ [MHz],
.

6.2.

II.6-1.

.

(OBW-Occupied
bandnwidth), GSM900/DCS1800 EDGE ,
:

FC=f ( ARFCN-a, BCH TCH );

SPAN=360kHz;

RBW=30kHz;

VBW=30kHz;

TRIGGER=FREE RUN;

TRACE=Max hold;

MEASUREMENT MODE= OCCUPIED BANDWIDTH;

PERCENT OF POWER =99%.

.

GSM900/DCS1800
EDGE , :

FC=f ( ARFCN-a, BCH TCH );

SPAN=500kHz;

RBW=10kHz;

VBW=10kHz;
22

SWEEP TIME=Auto;

TRIGGER=FREE RUN;

TRACE=Max hold.
;

, .

, -
, ___ [ kHz].
BCH .
271kHz.

,
. II.6-1,
, ,
.
:
:
FC=f f (f- ARFCN, f-
II.6-1);

SPAN=0 Hz (zero-span);

RBW=30kHz;

VBW=100kHz;

TRIGGER=VIDEO;

SWEEP TIME=1ms;

AMP SCALE=log: 10db/div;

DETEKTOR MODE=RMS;

TRACE=Max hold.
;
, FC , II.6-1,
II.6.1;
2 .

II.6-1,
ARFCN (f=0Hz),
II.6-1, 36dBm, .
II.6-1

23


f
GSM900
GSM900 EDGE
DCS1800
DCS1800 EDGE

400kHz

600kHz

1200kHz

1800kHz

-57dBc
-52dBc
-50dBc
-50dBc

-67dBc
-62dBc
-58dBc
-58dBc

-74dBc
-74dBc
-66dBc
-66dBc

-74dBc
-74dBc
-66dBc
-66dBc

, ,

271kHz (>271kHz).

6.3.

BCH .
TCH ,
TCH BCH .
,
,
II.6-1.

:

:

FC=f ( ARFCN-a, BCH TCH );

SPAN=0 Hz (zero-span);

RBW=300kHz;

VBW=300kHz;

TRIGGER=VIDEO;

SWEEP TIME=1ms;

REF LEVEL=20dBm;

AMP SCALE=log: 5dB/div;

TRACE=Clear/Write.
REF LEVEL T0,
II.6-2, 10dB REF LEVEL;
TRIGGER-a
BCH TS0.

, PM, dBm,
T0 II.6-2a, TS-a BCH
.
Pd :
Pd=PM+AS+AK1+AK2,
24

 :
PM- , dBm, T0;
AS- , dB, f;
AK1, AK2- f.
PM

a) GSM
dB
+4
+2,4
0
-2
-6
(**)

-20

(147 symbols)
-30
(***)

7056/13 (542,8)s

(*)
10

10

2 2

22

10

10

t (s)

) EDGE
II.6-2 GSM EDGE

, TS-
.
, ,
.
EDGE ,
, TS-

25

a, TS-a. EDGE
II.6-2b.
:

:

FC=f ( ARFCN-a, BCH TCH );

SPAN=0 Hz (zero-span);

RBW=300kHz;

VBW=1MHz;

TRIGGER=VIDEO;

TRACE=Clear/Write;

SWEEP TIME=1ms;

REF LEVEL=20dBm;

AMP SCALE=log: 5db/div;

MEASUREMENT MODE=TDMA POWER;

MEASUREMENT TIME=470 s.
,
(MEASUREMENT TIME) TS-a
470 s.

GSM900/DCS1800 EDGE
.
:

:

FC=f ( ARFCN-a, BCH TCH );

SPAN=300kHz;

RBW=30kHz;

VBW=30kHz;

TRIGGER=FREE RUN;

MEASUREMENT MODE= CHANNEL POWER;

TRACE=Max hold;

CHANNEL WIDTH=270kHz.
.

GSM900/DCS1800
EDGE , :

FC=f ( ARFCN-a, BCH TCH );

SPAN=500kHz;

RBW=10kHz;

26

VBW=10kHz;

SWEEP TIME=Auto;

TRIGGER=FREE RUN;

TRACE=Max hold.
;

, .

II.6-3.

II.6-3

,
Pr. ;
Pd Pr
.

,
" BCH
, [W].

6.4.

,
, ,
, .

27


GSM900 DCS1800,
, GSM900 DCS1800 .

II.6-4.
.
,
;
(U)
;
:

START FR=876MHz GSM900 1710MHz DCS1800;

STOP FR=915Mz GSM900 1785 DCS1800;

RBW=30kHz;

VBW=100kHz;

TRIGGER=FREE RUN;

SWEEP TIME=AUTO;

REF LEVEL=-30dBm;

AMP SCALE=log: 10db/div;

TRACE=Max hold.
PZR(f), dBm, :

m@ < 
>? < ( N <,

PSA(f) , AU(f)
,
/.

28

1
2
3
4
5TMA()

2
5

a1

a2

:
a1,a2/
1

2
1

II.64

II.6-2

II.62

GSM 900
876915 M Hz
-98dBm
-91dBm

DCS1800
17101785 M Hz
-98dBm
-96dBm

II.6-3.
:

29

,

:

START FR= II.6-3

STOP FR= II.6-3

RBW= II.6-3

VBW= II.6-3

TRIGGER=FREE RUN

SWEEP TIM E=AUTO



REF LEVEL=-30dBm
AM P SCALE=log: 10db/div
DETEKTOR M ODE=Peak
TRACE=Max hold

II.63
START FR
100 kHz
50 M Hz
500M
895M
905M
915 M
920 M
962 M
965 M
970 M
980 M
990 M

Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz

500M
1775M
1785M
1795M
1800M
1883M
1885M
1890M
1900M
2000M

Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz
Hz

STOP FR
50 MHz
500 MHz
GSM 900
895MHz
905MHz
915MHz
920 MHz
923 MHz
965 MHz
970 MHz
980 MHz
990 MHz
3GHz
DCS1800
1775MHz
1785MHz
1795MHz
1800MHz
1803MHz
1885MHz
1890MHz
1900MHz
2000MHz
3GHz

RBW
30 kHz
100 kHz

VBW
100 kHz
300 kHz

3 MHz
1 MHz
300 kHz
100 kHz
30 kHz
30 kHz
100 kHz
300 kHz
1 MHz
3 MHz

3 MHz
3 MHz
1 MHz
300 kHz
100 kHz
100 kHz
300 kHz
1 MHz
3 MHz
3 MHz

3 MHz
1 MHz
300 kHz
100 kHz
30 kHz
30 kHz
100 kHz
300 kHz
1 MHz
3 MHz

3 MHz
3 MHz
1 MHz
300 kHz
100 kHz
100 kHz
300 kHz
1 MHz
3 MHz
3 MHz

100kHz-1GHz

-36dBm

1GHz 3GHz

-30dBm

, ,
, [MHz],
, [W] . ,
.

6.5.

-
-

,
- ,
, ,
.
30

 - ,
- II.6-5.

II.6-5

31

,
/
;
:

START FR=100kHz;

STOP FR= 3GHz;

RBW= 300kHz;

VBW= 300kHz;

TRIGGER=FREE RUN;

SWEEP TIME=AUTO;

REF LEVEL=20dBm ;

AMP SCALE=log: 10db/div;

TRACE=Max hold.
fI , ;
30dB Pd
II.6.3.,
;
II.6-1., :

FC=fIM1 i fIM2;

SPAN=0 Hz (zero-span);

RBW=300kHz;

VBW=300kHz;

TRIGGER=VIDEO;

SWEEP TIME=1ms;

REF LEVEL=0dBm;

AMP SCALE=log: 10db/div;

TRACE=Max hold.
(BCH);
REF LEVEL
.

.

fC1 fC2
:
<ij  2 <# ' <#& ,
<ij&  2 <#& ' <# ;

, -
, MHz,
, dBm dBc,
. ,
.
,
.
70dBc
Pd, -36dBm,
.

6.6.

, .

, .
:

,
, .
,
.

.

;

;

32

,
;
9010.

10dB,
, .
.

, - : H
, V , , X- (45), .

6.7.

-
, , GSM ,
.


.
:

,
;

( )
, 2 .

:
 oA/  AE oA ( = WZWpXEp 1/ ( q  . . 5  s, t, Q,

: Vri 50- i,
AFelectric ( ) AK , Ei
, (i=x,y,z).
, , Er :

33

E  D
u& (
v& (
w&
:

FC=fc1 , fc2, fcn

SPAN=0 Hz (zero-span)

RBW=300kHz

VBW=300kHz

TRIGGER=VIDEO

SWEEP TIME=1ms

REF LEVEL=
AMP SCALE=log: 10db/div
TRACE=Max hold
AMPLITUDE=dBV
fc1, fc2 ..fcn
.

,
(, , , ),
-

,
( , , ).

,
,
,
:

x  Dy
E& R<py Y.
,
.
, -
, ,
. V/m.
( ,
, ).
.
-ee E 100V/m,
.
, .

6.8.

- GPS
.
:

, GPS .
GPS WGS-84 . WGS-84 GPS
,
;

34

GPS , 10.

25,
.

, (WGS-84)-
0_ _o_ __ _ (, , )
N4 _o_ __ _ (, , ). WGS-84.

, 100m.

6.9.

:
:

35

( 50m)
( II.6-6);
( a t) , d
;
S ;
dt dd ;
dS ;
Ht = dt sin(t);
Hd = dd sin(d);
HS = dS sin(S);
HC = (Ht + Hd)/2 HS.
HS
, HS
.

 II.6-6 eee e ee e e

:
:

() ,
0.3m.

, - -
, .
e e ee e
e 5m.

6.10. ()
:

e e - e ,
,
;
e ee,
90
( ), e
ee e e e-e e
, 3 m
, e ee;
;
;

36

. ,
, ;
, , ,
G :
z{  zj ' |
- ,
348;
.

, --
(o).
e e e ee ee
e e 10.

7.
7.1.

,
, TMA,
. ,
(,
, TMA),
.
:
(ERP) :

B
 
)  ( }>i>

PTX [dBW] PTX[dBW] = 10 log PTX[W],

GSIST [dBd].
[dBW] [W] :

B
  10. ~@F

,
[W].
+1.5dB.

37

7.2.

,
, (), TMA,
.
:
GSIST[dB] :

}>i>   }X  ' q  ' q  ' j?  ' q 

Gant [dBd],
AK [dB],
ATMA TMA [dB],
A [dB],
AKON [dB].
()
- [dBd].

+1.5dB.

7.3.

, ,
:
, - , 1,
.
,
, dB, 1, .
, -
,
.

7.4.

.
[].
10 ().

38

7.5.

, .
- [dB].
- -5dB.

7.6.

,
.
, - -
(o),
, .
(o), .

(RET-Remote Electrical Tilt). .

7.7.

, - ,
.

7.8.

,
(S/N) ; , ,
BCH .

7.9.

,
.
(BMP, JPEG, TIF).

7.10.

, , , ,
, ,
, ,
.

39

7.11.
,
:
, HDSL ;
;
;
;
.
,
, .

7.12.
-
GSM/UMTS : Cell ID, MNC,
MCC, LAC.

, .

7.13.
H e e
3D .
, -
3D , .
e e e e
e 10m.

40

III.
UMTS
1. UMTS:
UMTS ,
, ,
.
UMTS
2 Mb/s. UMTS GSM , (RAN), UMTS-a UTRAN.
UMTS :

, ;

CDMA
-
FDD.

WCDMA
, OVSF QPSK ,
3.84 Mc/s, WCDMA
5 MHz, . UMTS
5 MHz,
,
. , ,
. 4512 SF.
UMTS , Node B UE (DL)
2110MHz 2170 MHz, UE Node B (UL) 1920MHz 1980 MHz,
190MHz. 5MHz,
200kHz. ,
UARFCN. WCDMA
, 3GPP 2Mb/s,
384 kb/s. UL
DL . WCDMA
666.667 s, 15 WCDMA
10 ms.

41

 3GPP , HSDPA,
3 5
WCDMA , ,
. HSDPA iznosi
13.976 Mb/s. 2 3.6Mb/s.
UMTS
.

2.
UMTS ,
:

, (UARFCN);

,

.

, -, :

() .

, .

3.
UMTS ,
:

42

- ;

PDH ;

;
.

, -

, -
, .

4. ( )
II.5
.
:
RF (channel power);
(OBW-occupied bandwidth);
;
,
,
.
:
0,01-3GHz;
. 80dB;
. -110dBm;
RBW ( ) 0Hz-3MHz;
2.5x10-6;
1,5dB ,
1 10dB o;
50.
2110-2170MHz:
: 30dB;
(1920-1980MHz): 6dB;
(100kHz-3GHz): 3dB;
43

 : 20dB.
, ,
,
,


/ 0.25dB.

5.

II.6 II.6-1.

5.1.
:

II.6-1.
.
:

START FREK=2110MHz ;

STOP FREK=2170MHz ;

RBW=100kHz;

VBW=100kHz;

TRIGGER=FREE RUN;

SWEEP TIME=AUTO;

REF LEVEL=20dBm;

AMP SCALE=log: 10db/div;

DETEKTOR MODE=RMS;

TRACE=Max hold.
UARFCN
;
UARFCN .

, ,
UARFCN .

.

.

:
44

:

FC=f (f- UARFCN 5.1);


SPAN=10 MHz;

RBW=30kHz 1% 4% ;

VBW=300kHz RBW;

TRIGGER=FREE RUN;

SWEEP TIME=AUTO;

REF LEVEL=20dBm;

AMP SCALE=log: 10db/div;

DETEKTOR MODE=RMS;

TRACE=Max hold;


MEASUREMENT MODE= OCCUPIED BW;

% POWER BANDWIDTH=99%.

;

UMTS ,
:

FC=f (f- UARFCN 5.1);

SPAN=10 MHz;

RBW=30kHz 1% 4% ;

VBW=300kHz RBW;

SWEEP TIME=Auto;

TRIGGER=FREE RUN;

TRACE=Max hold.
;

,
.
, , ____.___
MHz, , e .
UARFCN
10kHz.

5.2.
II.6-1.
45

:

FC=f (f- UARFCN 5.1);


SPAN=10 MHz;

RBW=30kHz 1% 4% ;

VBW=300kHz RBW;

TRIGGER=FREE RUN;

SWEEP TIME=AUTO;

REF LEVEL=20dBm;

AMP SCALE=log: 10db/div;

DETEKTOR MODE=RMS;

TRACE=Max hold;


MEASUREMENT MODE= OCCUPIED BW;

% POWER BANDWIDTH=99%.

, OBW;

UMTS ,
:

FC=f (f- UARFCN 5.1);

SPAN=10 MHz;

RBW=30kHz 1% 4% ;

VBW=300kHz RBW;

SWEEP TIME=Auto;

TRIGGER=FREE RUN;

TRACE=Max hold.
;

, .

, -
, _.___ [ Hz].
5Hz.

46


,
. II.6-1,
, ,
.

, f_offset, 2.515MHz f_offsetmax

=12.5MHz UARFCN .
UMTS III.5-1.

III.5-1

P(dBm)

f_offset (MHz)

P 43 dBm

2.515MHz f_offset < 2.715MHz

2.715MHz f_offset < 3.515MHz

3.515MHz f_offset < 4.0MHz

4.0MHz f_offset < f_offsetmax
39 dBm P
< 43 dBm

2.515MHz f_offset < 2.715MHz

2.715MHz f_offset < 3.515MHz

3.515MHz f_offset < 4.0MHz

4.0MHz f_offset < 8.0MHz
8.0MHz f_offset < f_offsetmax
31dBm P
< 39 dBm

2.515MHz f_offset < 2.715MHz

2.715MHz f_offset < 3.515MHz

3.515MHz f_offset < 4.0MHz

4.0MHz f_offset < 8.0MHz
8.0MHz f_offset < f_offsetmax
P < 31 dBm

47

2.515MHz f_offset <

2.715MHz
2.715MHz f_offset <
3.515MHz
3.515MHz f_offset < 4.0MHz
4.0MHz f_offset < 8.0MHz

( )

-14 dBm
'14 ' 15

30 kHz

<_7<<

OPQ
' 2.75 

-26 dBm
-13 dBm
-14 dBm
'14 ' 15

-26 dBm
-13 dBm
P - 56 dB
P - 53 dB

RBW

30 kHz

30 kHz
1 MHz
30 kHz

<_7<<
OPQ

' 2.715 

30 kHz

30 kHz
1 MHz
1 MHz

' 53 ' 15

U_[UUVWX
j$w

2.715dB

'

30 kHz
30 kHz

30 kHz

P - 65 dB
P - 52 dB
P - 56 dB

1 MHz
1 MHz
-22 dBm

'22 ' 15 

<_7<<
' 2.715 
OPQ

30 kHz
30 kHz

-34 dBm

30 kHz

-21 dBm

1 MHz

8.0MHz f_offset < f_offsetmax

1 MHz

-25 dBm

III.5-1 III.5-1.
Frequency separation f from the carrier [MHz]
2.7

3.5

7.5

Power density in 30kHz [dBm]

-15

fmax

-20

PP == 43
43 dBm
dBm
PP == 39
39 dBm
dBm

-25

-5

-10

-30

-15

-35

-20

PP == 31
31 dBm
dBm

-40

Power density in 1 MHz [dBm]

2.5

-25

III.5-1
:

:

START FR= III.5-1;


STOP FR= III.5-1;

RBW= III.5-1;

VBW=300kHz RBW;

TRIGGER=FREE RUN ;

SWEEP TIME=AUTO;

REF LEVEL=20dBm;

AMP SCALE=log: 10db/div;

DETEKTOR MODE=RMS;

TRACE=Average.

III.5-1,

5Hz (>5Hz).

5.3.
UMTS -
.
II.6-1.

48

 UARFCN , ,
,
,
.


:

:

FC=f ( UARFCN ,
III.5.2);

SPAN=10MHz;

RBW=30kHz;

VBW=300kHz;

TRIGGER=FREE RUN;

SWEEP TIME=AUTO;

REF LEVEL=20dBm;

AMP SCALE=log: 10db/div;

TRACE=CLEAR/WRITE;

MEASUREMENT MODE=CHANNEL POWER;

CHANNEL BANDWIDTH=5MHz.
REF LEVEL
10dB REF LEVEL;

UMTS
, :

FC=f ( UARFCN ,
III.5.2);

SPAN=10MHz;

RBW=30kHz;

VBW=300kHz;

SWEEP TIME=Auto;

TRIGGER=FREE RUN;

TRACE=Max hold.
;

, .

Pd :

49

Pd=PM+AS+AK1+AK2,
:
PM- , dBm,
AS- , dB, f,
AK1, AK2- f.
+1.5dB.


II.6-3. ,
Pr.

.
- .
,
" ,
[W].

5.4.
,
, ,
, .
9kHz fc112.5MHz, fc2+12.5MHz 3GHz, fc1 , fc2
, UMTS
.
T III.5-2.

III.5-2

( )

RBW

9 kHz 150 kHz

-36 dBm

1 kHz

150 kHz 30 MHz

30 MHz 1 GHz
1 GHz
(fc1 60) MHz 2100 MHz ( )
(fc1 60) MHz 2100 MHz( )
(fc1 50) MHz 2100 MHz( )
(fc1 50) MHz 2100 MHz( )
(fc2 + 50) MHz 2180 MHz( )

-36 dBm
-36 dBm
-30 dBm

10 kHz
100 kHz
1 MHz

-25 dBm

1 MHz

-15 dBm

1 MHz

50

 (fc2 + 50) MHz 2180 MHz( )

Fc2 + 60 MHz 2180 MHz( )
(fc2 + 60) MHz 2180 MHz
3 GHz

-25 dBm

1 MHz

-30 dBm

1 MHz

UMTS, GSM900/DCS1800
, III.5-3,
.

III.5-3

(MHz)

( )

RBW

879 915
921 960
1710 1785
1805 1880
1920 1980

-98dBm
-57dBm
-98dBm
-47dBm
-96dBm

100kHz
100kHz
100kHz
100kHz
100kHz

BTS GSM900
MS GSM900
BTS DCS1800
MS DCS1800
BS UMTS

II.6-4
:

START FR= 3 4,

STOP FR= 3 4,

RBW= 3 4,

VBW=300kHz RBW,

TRIGGER=FREE RUN,

SWEEP TIME=AUTO,

REF LEVEL=20dBm,

AMP SCALE=log: 10db/div,

DETEKTOR MODE=RMS,

TRACE=Average.
PZR(f), dBm, :

m@ < 
>? < ( N <,

PSA(f) , AU(f)
,
/.
, ,
, MHz,
, dBm,

51

 UMTS , III.5-2 III.5-3.

, .

5.5.
II.6.6 .

5.6.
II.6.7 .

5.7.
II.6.8 .

5.8.
II.6.9 .

5.9. ()
II.6.10 .

6.
UMTS
GSM900/DCS1800 , II.7 ,
.

52

IV.

GSM900/DCS1800/UMTS -
, ,
II-6.1.
-
,
-:

, (ARFCN/UARFCN);
a ;
.

, ,
,
II, III.

1.
RF
,
. , :

;
, () ()
;
, , GT (,)
[dBd];
GR[dBd];
;
, d [km],
;
ARFCN/UARFCN , fc[MHz]

, AS(dB), :
>   32.4 ( 20 7 ( 20 7<p 

.
53

 .
IV.1-1.

IV.1-1

2.
:
II.6.1.
GSM900/DCS1800, III.5.1 UMTS ,
IV.1-1.

.

3.
II.6.2,
GSM900/DCS1800, odnosno III.5.2 UMTS ,
IV.1-1.
-,
, .

4. ee e e
:

54

 IV.1-1.
II.6.3 GSM900/DCS1800,
III.5.3 UMTS .
ee e
, Perp[W], , RF , ,
Pm[dBm], :

WE  
( > ' }@ ( R} 0,0 ' } z, Y

WE  

 F
1
10 
1000

,
.
-
. ,
.

5.

/ - .

, 36dB
.
:

GSM900/PCS1800 UMTS
, IV.2 .

GSM900/PCS1800 UMTS
, IV.4 .
:

GSM900/DCS1800/UMTS II.7.12
.

55

V.

,
.

:
-" ;
" ;
" ,
, ..;
" "
, ...
, :

GSM900/DCS1800/UMTS;
/,
/ , // / . ,

.
.
, ;

56

 V.1

90215

90216

II.6.1, III.5.1, IV.2
90225
(, )
90235

II.6.1, III.5.1, IV.2
90240
-
90244

90301

90307

90321

90325

90326

II.6.8, III.5.7
90341
(m)
II.7.13
90345

II.7.12
90401

II.7.7
90407
,
II.6.2, III.5.2, IV.3
90419

90420

90421

II.6.3, III.5.3, IV.4
90426
(offset)
90507
(m)
II.6.9, III.5.8
90511
(m)
90519

II.7.2, II.7.3
90522

II.6.6, III.5.5
90523

II.7.2, II.7.3, II.7.4
90525

II.6.10, III.5.9
90528

II.7.4
90531
/ (dB)
II.7.2
90533

II.7.6
90536
- (dB)
II.7.5
90541

90547

90701

90827

90835
-
90840
-
90842
-
90845
-, -
II.7.7
90846
-
II.7.8

57

RFS
RFS
RFS
RFS
RFS
Andrew
Andrew
Andrew
Andrew
Draka
Draka
Draka

LCF14-50J
LCF38-50J
LCF12-50J
LCF78-50JA
LCF114-50JA
LDF2-50
LDF4-50A
LDF5-50A
LDF6-50
RFA 1/2-50
RFA 7/8-50
RFA 1 1/4-50

3/8

7/8
1 1/4
3/8

7/8
1 1/4

7/8
1 1/4

925
13.4
10.9
6.9
3.76
2.81
-

[dB/100m]
[MHz]
960
1800
2000
2100
13.6
19.1
20.2
20.8
11.1
15.5
16.5
16.9
7.04
9.9
10.5
10.8
3.84
5.48
5.82
5.99
2.87
4.29
4.42
4.54
11.3
16.0
17.0
17.4
7.12
10.06
10.66
10.96
4.02
5.75
6.11
6.29
2.74
3.96
4.22
4.34
7.1
10.0
10.7
3.68
5.2
5.51
2.8
4.03
4.29
-

2200
21.3
17.3
11.1
6.15
4.68
17.9
11.25
6.46
4.46
11.3
5.81
4.54

o o o oo o

01
02
14
15
20
24
25
31
34
36

o
o o

oo
o
L-
-
o

37
40
55
56
61
71
73
78
79
108

o
o oo

o-o
o
o

o

Cassegrain

: GSM900/DCS1800/UMTS
a ( 61).

58

 -5
( 201212)
, :



(02):

:
________________________________________________________________ _______________________
( )
(M )
:BBBBBBBBBBBBBBB_____________________, __________, ___________
: ________________________________________________________________
: ___________

GSM
DCS
UMTS

1
2
90216

3
4
5
6

90421

,

e

1
2
3
4
5

W
W
W
W
W

1/4
1/4

90407

2

3

4
[MHz], [ kHz]
5
6

90326
90341
90401

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 2 3 4 5 6

Cell ID
LAC
MNC
MCC
o

(WGS-84)
o

MHz
-dBc

MHz
-dBc

1
2

90846

3
4
5
6

2/4

[]
[m] 90525
90507
1
2
3
4
5
6

90519

1
2
3
4
5
6

[dBd]
90531

[]
90528

[dB]
90536

[]
90533
RET
RET
RET
RET
RET
RET

90522

[m]

.
[dB]

V/m

, HDSL

3/4

______________________________________

_______________________________________

4/4