Tp ch Nghin cu Khoa hc 2005:3 138-147

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CHI PH MARKETING V H THNG PHN PHI LA GO

NG BNG SNG CU LONG
Lu Thanh c Hi 1

ABSTRACT
This study examined the current rice marketing system and the channels of rice distribution in the
Mekong River Delta. In the domestic rice market, private rice traders have an important role in
distributing the product to regional and inter-regional consumers. Large millers/polishers control
the export channels. Domestic channels of rice distribution are organized quite effectively to
provide the convenient form and quality of the product to final consumers. The rice assemblers
and retailers may be considered as most efficient in trading. In contrast, the rice millers/polishers
seem to be inefficient owing to their relatively higher percentage shares of marketing cost to
gross marketing margins. The open market orientation in Vietnam has created a favorable
environment for private rice traders. The national trade flows are completely liberalized offering
a good opportunity for increasing the efficiency of the marketing systems.
Keywords: Rice Distribution System, Marketing Costs, Marketing margin
Title: The Analysis of Rice Marketing Costs and Rice Distribution System in The Mekong River Delta

TM TT
Bi vit ny nhm kho st h thng marketing v knh phn phi la go ng bng sng Cu
long. th trng ni a, thng li go t nhn gi vai tr quan trng trong vic cung cp go
cho ngi tiu dng trong vng v cc vng ln cn. Nh my xay xt v lau bng c quy m ln
th kim sot hu ht knh xut khu go. Knh phn phi ni a c t chc kh hiu qu,
cung cp ng loi, phm cp go p ng nhu cu ngi tiu dng. Thng li v h bn l go
c kt qu kinh doanh hiu qu nht. Ngc li, nh my xay xt v lau bng go th kinh doanh
km hiu qu hn v h phi gnh chu chi ph marketing kh cao so vi tng bin t marketing.
Xu hng t do ha th trng Vit nam to ra mi trng kinh doanh thun li cho thng
li go t nhn. H thng thng mi quc gia c t do ha hon ton to ra c hi tt
nng cao hiu qu h thng marketing.
T kha: h thng phn phi, chi ph marketing, knh tiu th, bin t marketing

1 GII THIU
Vic chuyn i t kinh t tp trung sang c ch th trng gp phn thc y i a
s nng dn sn xut ra nhiu lng thc hng ha bng vic thm canh v p dng cc
bin php k thut cao trong canh tc. Kt qu l sn lng lng thc tng nhanh trong
thi gian qua. Chng ta v ang c nhiu thun li c bn y nhanh sn xut la
go mt hng nng sn quan trng v chin lc ca quc gia.
Tuy nhin nu nh gi chi tit v thc trng sn xut kinh doanh la go hin nay v
phn tch trin vng trong tng lai th h thng tiu th la go hin cn nhiu bt cp.
Chng ta sn xut ra c nhiu la go, nhng khu marketing tiu th la go th
cha hon chnh v hiu qu (Monot and Goletti, 2000). Nhng vn bt cp l:
- H thng knh phn phi hnh thnh mt cch t pht, cha c t chc cht che.
- Thiu s lin kt, phi hp gia cc t chc, thnh vin trung gian tham gia phn phi
la go. Vn cnh tranh khng thch hp trong hot ng mua bn la go.

Khoa Kinh t v Qun tr kinh doanh.

137

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- C ch iu hnh kinh doanh la go trong nc v xut khu cha tht ch ng

trong vic tm th trng u ra nn l thuc rt ln vo th trng th gii.
- Vn t chc thu mua, tn tr, ch bin, phn loi la go cha ng b v khoa
hc, to ra nhiu k h, im yu cn khc phc.
Mc tiu nghin cu
- Chuyn ny nhm phn tch mt cch h thng v y cu trc th trng la
go, phn tch h thng knh phn phi tiu th la go trong nc v xut khu.
- c lng v phn tch hiu qu v mt chi ph marketing ca cc trung gian tham
gia phn phi la go ng bng sng Cu long.
- xut gii php ti u cho u ra ca ht go gp phn nng cao thu nhp ca nng
dn, tng hiu qu kinh doanh ca cc thng nhn, cc t chc kinh doanh la go
v nht l lm cho ht go Vit nam cnh tranh lnh mnh v hiu qu trn th trng
th gii, mang li ngun thu ngoi t n nh cho quc gia.
2 PHN TCH CU TRC TH TRNG GO NG BNG SNG CU LONG
2.1 Mc tp trung ca nh sn xut v kinh doanh la go
Mc tp trung ca nh sn xut v kinh doanh la go c xc nh da trn s
lng sn xut v kinh doanh la go kim sot hay s hu th phn trn th trng. Mc
ny c nh gi bng vic s dng ch tiu t l tp trung ca 4 doanh nghip hng
u (CR4).
Bng 1: T l tp trung ca 4 doanh nghip hng u

T l tp trung
1 DN hng u
4 DN hng u
8 DN hng u
12 DN hng u

Nh my xay/
lau bng go (%)
1,14
3,54
5,67
7,00

Thng li/
bun s (%)
2,87
6,38
7,23
7,65

Ngun: S liu s cp t phng vn trc tip cc i tng mua bn (Lu Thanh c Hi, 2004)

Qua bng s liu cho thy 4 doanh nghip bun s hng u kim sot hn 6% th trng
bn s la go, trong khi i vi nh my xay xt v lau bng th t l ny thp hn
(3,54%) iu ny cho thy mc tp trung ca th trng la go mc thp, th
hin p lc cnh tranh ln nhau gia cc nh bun s v nh my xay xt/lau bng kh r
rt. Lng la go xay xt, mua bn khng tp trung nhiu cho mt vi nh my xay xt
v bun s m phn tn u cho cc doanh nghip khc nhau. Th trng mua bn la go
thuc nhm th trng cnh tranh mc cao. Doanh nghip kinh doanh la go rt t
c kh nng kim sot th trng.
2.2 Mc khc bit ca cc loi go trn th trng
Mc khc bit ny th hin s phn loi sn phm trn th trng hay cho bit c cu
sn phm go ch yu trn th trng. Kt qu th hin Bng 2 v Bng 3 nh sau:
Bng 2: T trng cc loi la khc nhau mua bn ti nng h ng bng sng Cu long

a bn
Tin Giang
An Giang
Vnh Long
Cn Th
Sc Trng

Loi la di (%)
54,3
62,9
58,5
60,9
56,7

Ngun: S liu iu tra thc t (Lu Thanh c Hi,2004)

138

Loi la trn (%)

45,7
37,1
41,5
39,1
43,3

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Trng i hc Cn Th

Bng 3: T trng cc loi go mua bn ti th trng bn l ng bng sng Cu long

a bn

Loi go c sn (%)

Loi go thng (%)

Tin Giang
An Giang
Vnh Long
Cn Th
Sc Trng

43,5
48,2
38,4
46,8
36,7

56,5
51,8
61,6
53,2
63,3

Ngun: S liu iu tra thc t (Lu Thanh c Hi, 2004)

Kt qu 2 bng trn cho thy, th trng la go go BSCL c phn bit kh chi

tit. th trng nng h t trng la di cht lng cao c c cung ng nhiu trn
th trng. Ti th trng bn l th t trng go c sn c bn ra thp hn go thng.
L do ch yu l c s u tin cho nhm go c sn, cht lng cao xut khu, cn
li go c cht lng trung bnh, gi trung bnh se thch hp bn th trng ni a.
Bng 4 di y cn cho thy c 4 nhm sn phm khc nhau trn th trng t 5% n
35% tm. Trong loi go 5% n 15% tm tr li th a s c nm gi bi cc cng
ty lng thc nh nc xut khu, cn li cc chng loi go t 20% tm tr ln
thng do thng li t nhn nm gi tiu th ni a. Kt qu ny cho thy c s
phn chia th trng mc tiu c th cho u ra ca la go.
Bng 4: Cc chng loi go phn theo i tng mua bn trn th trng

Cc i tng mua bn
Bun s t nhn
Thng li ng di
Xay xt t nhn
Cng ty lng thc
Mua bn l
Loi khc
Tng cng

Chng loi go theo t l phn trm (%)

5%
10%-15% 20%-25% 35%
0,0
8,6
18,2
19,6
14,2
18,1
24,6
31,4
10,3
16,0
12,9
20,4
70,8
47,0
32,5
21,2
0,0
4,1
5,1
5,4
4,7
6,2
6,7
2,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0

Tng
16,6
24,2
16,9
32,6
4,9
4,8
100,0

Ngun: S liu iu tra thc t(Lu Thanh c Hi, 2004)

2.3 Cc ro cn, gii hn khi gia nhp v rt khi th trng kinh doanh la go
Bng 5: Cc ro cn nh hng n vic gia nhp th trng ca thng li mua bn s

Cc ro cn ch yu
1. Thiu vn kinh doanh
2. Thiu ngun cung la go
3. TT u ra khng n nh
4. Thu cao
5. Kh xin giy php KD
6. p lc cnh tranh
7. Yu t khc

S tr li theo cc mc nh gi (n=67)
Khng tr t quan
Quan trng Rt quan
ngi
trng
trng
6
18
17
26
58
8
1
0
44
3
13
7
63
0
4
0
67
0
0
0
38
6
15
8
62
1
2
2

im TB
(*)
1,94
0,15
0,75
0,12
0,00
0,90
0,16

Ngun: S liu phng vn trc tip 67 thng li bun s (Lu Thanh c Hi, 2004)
(*)
im trung bnh c tnh theo cch tnh bnh qun gia quyn vi thang im: 0 im khng tr ngi, 1 im t quan trng, 2
im quan trng, 3 im rt quan trng. Cch tnh ny c p dng cho c Bng 6 v Bng 7.

Kt qu Bng 5, Bng 6 v Bng 7 cho thy vic tham gia th trng kinh doanh la go
khng b ngn tr nhiu, c th xem l kh d dng. i vi hot ng mua bn s la
go, vn thiu vn kinh doanh l ro cn ch yu (1,94 im xem Bng 5). i vi
cc doanh nghip xay xt, lau bng go th ngoi yu t vn kinh doanh vn l ro cn
quan trng (1,34 im) th c 3 ro cn quan trng khc l hn ch v k thut ch bin,
139

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th trng u ra khng n nh, v p lc cnh tranh trn th trng rt gay gt (Bng 6).
i vi th trng bn l th cc thng nhn bn l phi ng u vi 2 loi ro cn
ch yu khi tham gia kinh doanh l thiu vn v b p lc cnh tranh rt ln t pha
i th cng cp (Bng 7).
Bng 6: Cc ro cn nh hng n vic gia nhp th trng ca thng li, doanh nghip xay xt

S tr li theo cc mc nh gi (n=53)
Cc ro cn ch yu
Khng tr t quan trng Quan trng Rt quan
ngi
trng
1. Thiu vn kinh doanh
16
12
16
9
2. Ro cn v k thut
26
3
9
15
3. Thiu ngun cung la go 48
1
3
1
4. TT u ra khng n nh 29
4
8
12
5. Thu cao
42
5
4
2
6. Kh xin giy php KD
52
0
1
0
7. p lc cnh tranh
21
2
13
17
8. Yu t khc
50
0
1
2

im TB
1,34
1,25
0,19
1,06
0,36
0,04
1,49
0,15

Ngun: S liu phng vn trc tip 53 nh my (Lu Thanh c Hi, 2004)

Bng 7: Cc ro cn nh hng n vic gia nhp th trng ca cc doanh nghip mua bn l

S tr li theo cc mc nh gi (n=30)
Khng tr
t quan trng Quan trng Rt quan
ngi
trng
1. Thiu vn kinh doanh
12
4
7
7
2. Thiu ngun cung la go 29
1
0
0
3. TT u ra khng n nh 18
1
7
4
4. Thu cao
21
1
6
2
5. Kh xin giy php KD
30
0
0
0
6. p lc cnh tranh
9
2
7
12
7. Yu t khc
29
0
1
0
Cc ro cn ch yu

im TB
1,30
0,03
0,90
0,63
0,00
1,73
0,07

Ngun: S liu phng vn trc tip 30 nh bun l (Lu Thanh c Hi, 2004)

2.4 iu kin nm bt thng tin th trng

Kt qu Bng 8 cho thy trn 80% cc i tng tham gia kinh doanh la go u cho
rng vic nm bt thng tin v gi c, cht lng, th hiu tiu dng la go trn th
trng rt d dng, khng c g cn tr ln. C rt nhiu ngun cung cp thng tin v th
trng, trong ch yu qua thng tin truyn ming t thng li, nh trung gian, nh
my khc v t cc cng ty lng thc nh nc (Bng 9).
Bng 8: iu kin nm bt thng tin th trng

Cc i tng kinh doanh

Nng dn
(n=62)
Bun s/thng li
(n=67)
Nh my xay/lau bng (n=53)
Bun l
(n=30)

T l tr li theo cc mc khc nhau (%)

D dng
Hi kh
Rt kh
88,70
9,67
1,63
79,10
19,40
1,50
81,10
17,00
1,90
80,00
20,00
0,00

Ngun: S liu iu tra thc t (Lu Thanh c Hi, 2004)

Tm li, qua kho st cu trc th trng go cc tnh ng bng sng Cu long ta c th

kt lun rng th trng go BSCL thuc nhm th trng cnh tranh vi th phn ca
12 doanh nghip ch vo khong 7% - 8%, th phn ca 4 doanh nghip hng u ch
mc 4% - 6% (Bng 1). Sn phm go trn th trng c phn bit kh r t go 5%
tm n 30 -35% tm, trong th trng ni a ph bin nht l mt hng go 25%
(Bng 4). Vic tham gia v rt khi th trng go mc d dng, khng b rng buc
140

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Trng i hc Cn Th

ln ch yu l yu t vn kinh doanh v kinh nghim trn th trng. Ngun thng tin

trn th rt rng v d dng nm bt.
Bng 9: Ngun cung cp thng tin t th trng

T l tr li ca cc i tng (%)
Nng dn Bun s
Nh my xay
1. Bo ch, pht thanh, truyn hnh 29,0
7,8
24,3
2. Cc cng ty lng thc nh nc 2,6
25,5
32,7
3. Nh my, thng li trung gian 20,5
54,0
30,3
4. Ngi trong gia nh hng xm 43,5
4,0
9,2
5. Ngun khc
4,4
8,7
3,5
Tng cng
100,0
100,0
100,0
Ngun thng tin

Bun l
4,0
20,8
58,4
10,4
6,4
100,0

Ngun: S liu iu tra thc t (Lu Thanh c Hi, 2004)

3 H THNG KNH PHN PHI, TIU TH LA GO NG BNG SNG CU LONG

3.1 Cc thnh vin tham gia vo mng li knh phn phi la go
Qua iu tra kho st tnh hnh vn chuyn, ch bin v tiu th la go cc tnh
BSCL, cc thnh vin tham gia mng li phn phi gm: nng dn, ngi thu gom,
hng xo, nh my xay xt, lau bng t nhn, thng li, va, bun s, bun l a
phng, h thng thu mua ch bin v cung ng xut khu ca cc Cng ty lng thc.
3.2 Knh phn phi la ca nng dn

83,1 %

Nng dn
(100 %)

3,1 %
13,8 %

Thu gom
(83,1 %)

74,4 %

Xay xt
t nhn
(88,2%)

Cng ty LT
(11,8 %)

8,7 %
S 1: Knh phn phi la ca nng dn ng bng sng cu long

S 1 v S 2 cho thy h thng knh phn phi la go BSCL c rt nhiu thnh

vin trung gian tham gia, ng i ca sn phm t ni sn xut n ni tiu th rt chi
tit v phc tp. Mt cch i in, c 8 knh phn phi la go khc nhau, trong c 5
knh ch yu, ng vai tr quan trng v n chuyn ti c nhiu s lng la go v l
ng huyt mch ca c h thng tiu th trong tnh, ngoi tnh v xut khu. Cc knh
c th l:
(1) Nng dn H thng thu mua, CB - cung ng XK ca Cty LT Nh nhp khu
(2) Nng dn Cng ty lng thc Ngi tiu dng trong ngoi tnh
(3) Nng dn Thu gom Cng ty lng thc Nh nhp khu
(4) Nng dn Thu gom Nh my t nhn Cng ty lng thc Nh nhp khu
(5) Nng dn Thu gom Nh my t nhn Thng li Cty lng thc Nh NK
(6) Nng dn Thu gom Nh my t nhn Thng li Bun l TD trong tnh
(7) Nng dn Nh my t nhn Thng li Bun l TD trong tnh
(8) Nng dn Thu gom NM t nhn Thng li ng di Bun l TD ngoi
tnh

141

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3.3 Knh phn phi go trn th trng ng bng sng Cu long

Nh my xay xt t nhn (100%)
32,6 %

45,6 %
16,9 %
Nh my
lau bng
(27,2 %)

10,3 %

27,2 %

Cng ty lng
thc nh nc
(70,9 %)

11,1 %
Thng li
ngoi tnh
(13,9 %)

Bn s
t nhn
(45,6 %)

56,7 %

13,9 %
13,9 %

10,0 %
4,9 %

Cng ty
nhp khu
(56,7 %)

Bn l t nhn (28,8 %)

0,3%
Ngi
tiu dng
(43,3 %)

28,8 %

14,2%

S 2: H thng knh phn phi go trn th trng ng bng sng Cu long

Cc knh 1, 3 v 5 c nh gi l rt quan trng cho cung ng xut khu, n chuyn ti

trn 70% lng go xut khu ca vng BSCL. Knh 6 v 8 th c trng cho mng
li tiu th trong v ngoi tnh. Cc knh cn li cng khng km phn quan trng, n
lm cho h thng phn phi thm a dng, chi tit nhm p ng y nhu cu tiu
dng ca khch hng trong v ngoi nc. Qua phn tch tng hp knh phn phi chng
ta nhn thy rng thng li t nhn ng vai tr rt quan trng trong h thng phn phi.
4 PHN TCH CHI PH CH BIN V CHI PH MARKETING
4.1 Chi ph ch bin, xay xt go
Bng 10: Chi ph xay xt v lau bng go ca nh my t nhn

Cc khon chi ph
1. Lao ng
2. Nhin liu, in
3. Vt liu
4. Khu hao my mc
5. Bo tr sa cha
6. Thu, giy php kinh doanh
7. Chi khc
Tng cng

Xay xt
Chi ph
(ng/tn)
17.600
28.400
5.070
7.580
5.650
4.200
6.500
75.000

Ngun: S liu iu tra thc t (Lu Thanh c Hi,2004)

142

T trng cc
khon mc (%)
23,47
37,87
6,76
10,11
7,53
5,60
8,67
100,00

Lau bng
Chi ph
(ng/tn)
17.950
18.700
15.650
5.100
2.720
4.080
4.760
68.000

T trng cc
khon mc (%)
25,00
27,50
23,00
7,50
4,00
6,00
7,00
100,00

Tp ch Nghin cu Khoa hc 2005:3 138-147

Trng i hc Cn Th

Chi ph ch bin i vi cc nh my xay xt v lau bng thng l cc khon: Nhin

liu, lao ng, khu hao, bo tr sa cha, vn chuyn, bc xp tn tr... T s liu thu
thp trong qu trnh nghin cu chng ta tnh ra chi ph bnh qun xay xt v lau bng
go cc nh my nh Bng 10.
Kt qu Bng 10 cho thy cc nh my xay xt phi tiu hao chi ph ch bin cho 1 tn
go thnh phm bnh qun vo khong 75.000 ng/tn cn lau bng vo khong 68.000
ng/tn trong khong 30% n 37% l chi ph nhin liu, in, khong 25% chi ph
tr cng lao ng, cc khon sa cha bo tr t 4% n 7%.
4.2 Phn tch chi ph marketing v li nhun ca hot ng kinh doanh la go
Bng 11: Chi ph marketing v li nhun ca cc thng nhn kinh doanh la go

Ch tiu

Chi ph v gi
mua bn
(ng/tn)

Nng dn
Chi ph sn xut cho 1 tn la
1.328.000
Gi bn la bnh qun 1 tn la 1.854.000
II. Thng li
Gi mua la bnh qun
1.854.000
Chi ph Marketing
50.500
Tng chi ph mua (3 = 1 + 2)
1.904.500
Gi bn la bnh qun
2.040.000
III. Nh my
Gi mua la bnh qun
2.040.000
Tng chi ph ch bin
1.203.000
Phi sy
55.000
Tn tr
38.000
Xay xt
75.000
T l chuyn i thnh go (30%) 1.035.000
Tng chi ph (3 = 1 + 2)
3.005.000
Gi bn go bnh qun
3.450.000
IV. Bun s
Gi mua bnh qun
3.450.000
Chi ph Marketing
125.000
Tng chi ph (3 = 1 + 2)
3.575.000
Gi bn go bnh qun
3.750.000
Bun l
Gi mua bnh qun
3.750.000
Chi ph Marketing
83.500
Tng chi ph (3 = 1 + 2)
3.833.500
Gi bn go bnh qun
4.010.000

Tng bin t
marketing
(1)

Tng CP
Marketing
(2)

Li nhun
(3) = (1) (2)

186.000

50.500

135.500

1.410.000

1.203.000

207.000

300.000

125.000

175.000

260.000

83.500

176.500

Ngun: Trng hp la thng v loi go 25% tm (Lu Thanh c Hi, 2004)

Kt qu Bng 11 cho thy nh my nhn c tng bin t marketing cao nht:

1.410.000 ng/tn, khi cc thng li t nhn nhn thp nht: 186.000 ng/tn. Tuy
nhin nu nh gi y hn th mc d nh my xay xt nhn c phn bin t
marketing cao nhng h phi gnh vc rt nhiu chi ph marketing trong hot ng kinh
doanh (1.203.000 ng/tn). Trong s cc trung gian phn phi th thng li v nh bun
l gnh vc chi ph marketing thp nht (50.500 ng/tn v 83.500 ng/tn).

143

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Trng i hc Cn Th

Bng 12: So snh chi ph marketing v li nhun ca cc thng nhn kinh doanh la go
VT: Nghn ng/tn

Thng nhn Gi mua Gi bn Bin t Chi ph

bnh qun bnh qun Mar. Mar
1. Thng li 1.854
[0,148 ]
2. Nh my
2.040
[0,058 ]
3. Bun s
3.450
[0,068]
4. Bun l
3.750
[0,105]
C h thng -

2.040
[0,058 ]
3.450
[0,068]
3.750
[0,105]
4.010
[0,088]
-

186,0 50,5

Li nhun % CPh
% Li
n v
Mar/bin t nhun/
Mar. (%) bin t
Mar. (%)
135,5
27,2
72,8

% Li
nhun
trn vn
KD (%)
1.23

1.410,0 1.203,0

207,0

85,3

14,7

1.48

300,0 125,0

175,0

41,7

58,3

1.54

260,0 83,5

176,5

32,1

67,9

0.86

2.156,0 1.462,0

694,0

67,8

32,2

Ngun: S liu trong [] l H s bin ng (Lu Thanh c Hi, 2004)

Qua s liu Bng 12 cho thy thng li l nh trung gian chu ri ro trong kinh doanh
thp nht bi v h chu chi ph Marketing thp (50.500 ng/tn), vn b ra t, chu k
kinh doanh ngn nn t b nh hng ca bin ng gi c ln xung nn h thu c
mc li nhun trn bin t Marketing rt cao (72,8%). T l li nhun trn vn kinh doanh
xp x 1,2% th hin hiu qu kinh doanh tt.
i vi nh my xay v lau bng, t l li nhun trn vn kinh doanh ca h c nh
gi l kh cao 1,48%. Tuy nhin h phi gnh chu chi ph marketing cao nht trong s
cc nh trung gian khc, ng thi chu k kinh doanh ca h cng kh di, thng t 1
n 3 thng c khi ln n 5, 6 thng. Do vy h lun phi ng u vi ri ro do gi c
bin ng v hao ht tht thot.
i tng kinh doanh tip theo l nh bun s c t l li nhun vn kinh doanh l cao
nht (1,54%), c xem l i tng tham gia kinh doanh hiu qu nht. H cung cp
hu ht cc dch v quan trng thng qua qu trnh thu mua, vn chuyn, tn tr v phn
phi la go n tay ngi tiu dng. Chng ta cn quan tm nhiu n i tng ny v
nu ci tin tt kh nng phn phi ca b phn ny se gp phn tit kim chi ph
marketing, y nhanh tc lu chuyn, cung cp y v kp thi lng la go trn
th trng mt cch hiu qu.
Cui cng i vi nh bun l, kt qu Bng 12 cho thy li nhun t b phn ny
khng cao. T l li nhun trn vn kinh doanh l thp nht (0,86%). Vn ny pht
sinh l do chi ph marketing chim s lng kh cao trong qu trnh kinh doanh mua bn
83.500 ng/tn (cao hn c ca thng li l 50.500 ng/tn). y l vn cn quan
tm c bin php gim chi ph nhm tng cng hiu qu mua bn.
5 KT LUN
Trong nhng nm gn y nh vo tin b k thut trong nng nghip v nht l vic y
mnh c gii ha trong sn xut to nn tin thun li cho vic nng cao nng sut
la BSCL. Nhn chung, tuy thi tit trong nhng nm qua c bt li nhng sn lng
la qua cc nm vn tng u, nhu cu tiu th go trn th gii tip tc gia tng nn m
ra trin vng xut khu go rt ln. Bn cnh vic tng ln v sn lng, cht lng la
go cng c tng ln theo yu cu ca th trng trong nc v xut khu cc loi go
c cht lng, go c sn ang c khuyn khch pht trin gp phn a dng ha
chng loi go p ng mi nhu cu th trng th gii.

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Tp ch Nghin cu Khoa hc 2005:3 138-147

Trng i hc Cn Th

Nhng tn hiu vui ca nng dn v nh xut khu go Vit nam lin tc c bo ch

nhc n. Tuy nhin chng ta vn cn ni lo v u ra cho ht go. Bi v tuy chng ta c
nhiu go nhng gi c go trn th trng go th gii bin ng thng xuyn. C mt
nghch l xy ra l khi gi go th gii tng, c nhiu n t hng th chng ta li khng
c s lng theo yu cu xut. Ngc li lc ta c ngun go di do th li khng
c n t hng. Vn then cht cn gii quyt y l khu tip th u ra hin cn
gp t nhiu kh khn, m vn ch yu l mng li phn phi la go cha tht s
hp l v hiu qu.
V c ch iu hnh hot ng kinh doanh la go cn nhiu hn ch: la t nng dn
phi mua bn lng vng qua nhiu khu trung gian th mi ti tay u mi xut khu go.
Chnh hn ch ny dn n tnh trng thng li trung gian p gi nng dn. Mua bn
lng vng lm tng chi ph marketing y gi u ra tng cao gy nh hng khng tt
cho vic cnh tranh gi bn trn th trng th gii.
Ring tnh hnh sn xut v th trng la go BSCL trong thi gian qua cn gp nhiu
tr ngi ng k. Vn thiu vn cho sn xut xy ra kh ph bin. Th trng ngun
vt t phn bn u vo cng l mi lo cho cc nh sn xut. Hn na th trng tiu th
go vn hnh trong iu kin bt li, thng li chi phi gi c mua vo v bn ra, gy tc
ng tm l khng tt i vi nng dn. a phn cc nh my, thng li trung gian c
vn ling ln v kinh doanh lu nm th hot ng c hiu qu hn.
Trong tng lai, khai thc tim nng sn xut v xut khu go c nc ni chung v
cc tnh ng bng sng Cu long ni ring, thit ngh cn c mt s bin php c th
nh sau:
- H tr vn cho nng dn v cc nh trung gian phn phi lm n hiu qu
- Lin kt vi Hip hi xut khu go tm th trng xut khu n nh
- C bin php tch cc nhm n nh ngun nguyn liu vt t phn bn, h tr sn
xut
- Phi c chnh sch bo h mnh me trong khu thu mua la ca nng dn nhm hn
ch s bin ng gi theo thi v gip nng dn yn tm canh tc.
- iu chnh cc knh phn phi ph hp, hn ch vic mua bn lng vng, km hiu
qu, gim cc chc nng tha trong h thng phn phi.
- Lu mng li phn phi go trong nc, pha Bc v Min Trung, m bo tnh
cht iu phi lng thc chung cho c nc.
TI LIU THAM KHO
Irvin, G., 1995. Vietnam: Assessing the Achievements of Doi Moi. The Journal of Development
Studies, Vol. 31, No. 5, pp. 725-750.
Lu Thanh c Hi, Phc Minh Hip, 1999. Xc nh h thng Marketing - phn phi la go v
nhng bin php nng cao hiu qu trong kinh doanh lng thc Tnh Cn Th. Tuyn tp Cng
trnh nghin cu khoa hc. Trng i Hc Cn Th, 1999.
Lu Thanh c Hi, 2003. The Organization of the liberalized Rice Market in Vietnam. Ph.D. Thesis,
University of Groningen, The Netherlands, 236 p.
Lu Thanh c Hi, 2003. Rice Market in The Mekong River Delta, Vietnam: A Market Integration
Analysis. Discussion Paper No. 40, Centre for ASEAN Studies - CAS, Belgium, 20 p.
Kuiper, W. E., C. Lutz and A. van Tilburg, 1999. Testing for the law of one price and identifying priceleading markets: an application to corn markets in Benin. Regional Science, Vol. 39, No 4. pp.
713-738.
Minot, N.and F. Goletti, 2000. Rice Market Liberalization and Poverty in Vietnam. IFPRI Research
Report 114, 113 p.

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Trng i hc Cn Th

Pohl-Nielsen, C., 2002. Vietnam in the International Rice Market. Fodevareokonomisk Institute, Report
132, Kobenhavn.
Nguyn Trung Vn, 1998. Lng Thc Vit Nam Thi i Mi Hng Xut Khu. Nh xut bn
Chnh tr Quc gia, 319 trang, Vit nam.
VFA, the Vietnamese Food Association: Report 2004.

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