[oes aie aaa > anaorniog ciianree 23° MonihiyTasks 24 Quarterly Tasks 25 HallYoary Tasks 26 Yeorly Tacks 27 2¥ealy Tasks 28 SYeatly Tasks 29 SOSTasks 2.10. TransformerPainting 3, Switchgear 31 General 32 Monthy Tasks 33 Quattery Tasks a WalWoady Tasks 3 YeriyTacks 36 25 Yemty Tasks $08 Taso(Operating Mechanisms Isotatar & Earth Switch Tasks General ‘Current Transformer~ Tasks with periodicity Inductive /Capactive Voltage Transformer Coupling Capacitor- Tasks with periodicity Daily Tasks Monthly Tasks ‘Yealy Tasks Wave rap Station Transformer ‘Control Room Panels Protection System AieConaitioning Pan Fre Exinguishor Fie Protection System for Transtormers Diesel Generator Set Filler Machine Hydraulic Jack & Compressor Earns Painting Works ‘SmitenvardPea nad EXPANSION Assistant General Manager ‘Annual Maintenance Contact Break Down Voltage Capactive Voltage Transformer Dietetic Absorption ‘p¢Distibution Board iesel Generator pissolved Gas Analysis pisturbance Recorder Equipment & Meter olay Event Logger General Manager High Tension Insulation Resistance Junior Manager Line Signature Analysis Low Tension OnLoad Tap Changer it Temperatur ncicator Shutdown Sub-divigional Officer SulphurHexaFiuoride1.1 GENERAL Ground patrols are essential to determine the condition of tower lines including conductors, tower structures and foundations. They are also used to ensure that safety clearances are maintained and the results of the patrols will help to formulate a maintenance programme Tower Lines should normally. be patrolled during daylight hours when visibility is satisfactory, However in exceptional circumstances such as fault conditions, night patrols may be required. Concentration and observation are essential on line patois ‘andall observations shail be recorded inthe linesman's patrol log book. IY work is to be catfied out on fatmiand, then eare should be taken not to damage ences, hedges, crops, drains or gales. Any damage must be reported to the Junior Manager Asst. Manager \Where patrols or works are to be carried out in areas where restrictions are imposed byotherauthonties, then those restrictions must be sinctiy adheredtto Whattolook tor on patrol: The following details shall be noted in the linesman’s patroliog book + Tower Number + Tower Type. ie. StraightLine, Angle, Tee Of, Terminal + Location of Tower + Towers on special foundations + Sections through jungle areas + Sections with road crossings + Sectionswith Rail crossings + Sections withriverornalla crossings + SectionscrossingHTor LT tines + Sections crossing Telecom lines. + Anylocation requiring specialattention ‘The linesmen should identify and log areas where there is a possible sk of danger to the general public. However they are expected to se juedement and jnitiative to identity all possible risk situations.and report accordingly. Possible situations are where there is evidence of unauthorised climbing of the tower. Linesmen should look for signs of anti-climbing guards being interfered with, signs of access above the anti-climbing guard, signs of frequent access around the base of the tower or aids to climbing in close proximity tothe base ofthe tower. Linesmen should also identity possible risks caused by reduced conductor clearances, both vertical and horizontal, record the location in his patrol log baok andl{inion the Jumioy Manager that turner assessmemn ws requires, onus ¥ may occur are where lines cross over farms, boatyard, building and construction sites, work yards, storage or loading areas, fishing areas, jungle, forests orwoodlands, ‘oads, major highways, railways. and rivers. ‘There may be other types af location not listed here for which the linesmen should use theirexperience and judgementto record and reportto the Junior Manager, 4.2 TOWER LINE - WEEKLY TASKS Lineman) Ensure thal foundations are sound:and that nn JM/SO_— WS/D. Potrolinan subsidence has occurred. Report abnormatives to Junior Manager | Asst. Manager Further Investigations tobe carried out Lineman) Examine condition of eancrete muffs and check Jt/S80 — WS/D Payrolman for cracking. Inform Juniot Manager | Asst ‘Manager itrermedial work required Lineman/ Examine ground earth connection for corrosion, JM/SDO_— WS/D Patrolman lease bolts-or damage. Report on condition and repair required Lineman Listen for Tower vibration; which may indicate JM/SDO — WS/D Patrolman _Joosebracing. Informany abnormalities to Junior “Manager Asst. Manager. Linoman/ Examine Tower forsighs otrust.thett of racings; JM/SDO SID Patrolman 10088 bolls or damage caused by collision of vehicles oF other objects. Report defects to Junior Manager Asst. Managet. Lineman’ Ensure Danger, number and infarmation plates. JM/SDO WS/D anciman _ axeundamaged and can be-learly read, Lineman Vibration dampers. Note their position andrepot JM/SD0 WSID Pavolman missing of misplaced dampers to Junior Manager! Asst: Manager. Lineman) Ensure anticlimbing devices are in good JM/SDO WS/D Patrolman condition, Check for broken ar rusting strands of bared wite and repair: Lineman) Report tras or bushes growing inside tower, JM/SDO WS/D Patrolman _afoundclimbing leg orneer to. condictors.Uneman/ Report any buildings being constructed under. Patroiman’ neath the conductors or around any tower structure. Lineman) Look for damaged or chipped insuiatars in JM/SDO Patioiman insulator strings. Report damage 10 Junior Manager/ Asst. Manager Lineman Cheek or missing araing hors ancreport J/s00 Patrolman Lineman) Checkthataltconductorsin eachspanandiumpers JM/SDO Patrolman at section polnis appear to be undamaged. Look forandieportsigns of bulging orloose strands, Lineman/ Visually napect that conductors are evenly sagged Jks/SDO Patrolman and appear to be at correct tension. Report _abnormaties to Junior Manager / Asst. Manager Lineman) Visually check that conductors. give regulation JM/SDO SID Patrolman found clearance. fin doubt, reportin patrol book bbut do not altemp! to measure ground clearance vathout authonty. Linernan/ Look for windblown material on conductors and JM/SDO — WS/D Patrolman check for birds’ nests on towers. Report any material 1 be removed. Arange emergency outage; itrequired, 4.3 TOWER LINE - HALF YEARLY SURVEY S00/JM Carryout survey oftowerlinesusing Thermovision AGM —— WSI/D Camera. SDO/JN _Analyseresultsofsurveyandiileinsubstation AGM WS/D. Soolam Arange for vorcugent remedial work to be AGM = WS/D_ inchidedin next pre-arranged outage. SDO/uM Arrange cireuitoutage ts carryout urgentremedial AGM = SID work $00/Jm Report details of work carried out infeederiogbook AGM ‘and also enter itin the Ling Register maintained in the Lines Sub-division ofice.1.4 TOWER LINE- YEARLY MAINTENANCE g00)um inspect tower at ground level a detailed 9 ‘Weekly Tasks Schedule 1,2. ye ‘sp0/aM Gain access to tower Ensure accoss gate, itary. aga Check stepbolisaresecure, 260 SS eT See caciigiact ire Check securty pins for rust or cracking, AGM Gheck conductor clamp nuts are secure and GM alrinjum iners are undamaged. Check for condhictor damage orloose strands AGM spo/um Shook dampers are secure and in correct AGM ‘position arid that weights appearbaianced, Figs, sea saan oaaana = CCheckjumper connectionsand clearances "Check earthwire fitings. AGM SDO/IM Check tower brecings, nuts and bos forsecurty AGM = WSID whilstolimbing up anc down the tower. "Foc arkcriedoutnmelegbook et AGM 1.5 TOWERLINE- YEARLY EARTH RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT Disconnect gtound earth connection and AGM measure resistance at 10% sample of towers on the fine. Compare actual value with design value resistance value ig correct, ensure earth terminal = AGM = WSID isclean and fee ofeorrosionandreconnect, it resistance value is incomect, check for AGM — WSID ‘serrasionton sarin teminalsandcean,SDO/JM —Retestandifsatistactory, reconnect earth installation SDO/JM Record readings and action taken ir the line logbook’ ragisier. 1.6 TOWER LINE—PAINTING spo Identfytowerstotheagency. ‘Agency _Paintthe towersas per OPTCL spexitcation. 800 _ Record. all works caied out by the Agency in the line logbook /reaister. 1,7 TOWER LINE - EMERGENCY PATROLS Emergeney patrols to find out the cause of the fault and the following points should be looked for: 'SDO/JM —Brokenordamaget conductors. SD0/JM —Theftotconductors AGM AGM SDO/IM —_Brokenordamagedinsuiators. SD0/JM Tower Collapse. SDO/JM —_ Damageto tower structure and cross arms, S00/JM —Brokenor unstablejumpers, ‘3D0/JM Damage caused by others (construction cranes, tree branchesnearlive conductors), S00/ JM Winbown material '$00/JM Animals, birds et. on conductors or invicinty of ine. sp0 AGM spo soo16 4.8 TOWER LINE - SOS TASKS SD0/JM s00/M SB0/JM SD0/JM. sp0/JM s00/JM sp0/JM Contact Resistance Measurement af Conductor joints. IR Measurement of Insulators in situ, Insulators ‘ath lesa than 5OMohm 1B value should be replaced. Live Line Punctured Insulator Detection, Hot Line maintenance for ines where shut down is notavailabie. Measurement of Salt Deposit Density of Insulators Coronoaraphy of Transmission Line through Corona Detection Camara Line Signature Analysis of Transmission Line through LSA Unit acm SID. AGM SID acm = WS/D. AGM = WSiD acu SID Aem —WSID acm SID2.1 GENERAL ‘Thetoutine maintenance ol ransformers and associated equipment will normally comprise of regular tasks to inspect the unit, supplemented at more extended intervals with a programmed maintenance involving a transtormer outage. ‘The ingpections should ensure that no Visible signs of damage or distress are apparent during the course of normal operations. ‘The planned maintenance enables the replacement or treatment of those items, which require attention. It also allows for the lubrication and adjustment of mechanisms together with more deiaited inspection and testing of insulation tobe carried out. Diagnostic Testing Diagnostic testing of the transformer wil give an indication of the concition of the equipment: and by comparison with previous results of similar tests, will provide a guide to possible deterioration. The maintenance of adequate records of such tests '6 theretore extremely important ‘The following diagnostic techniques are applicable totranstormers: + Dissolved gas inoilanalysis + Acidity test + Moisture comtenttest + Breakdown voltage test Tastson Insulating Olt Interfacial tension test Resistivity test Fiashpointtest + Sludgetest + Insulation resistance + Winding resistance + Tandelta Measurement + Frequency Response Analysis + Detection of Moisture Content of Winding The frequency of these tests may be adjusted depending on the operational and ‘environmental conditions under which the transformers working. ‘Maintenance Operations: “The requirements with rogard to the treatment at insulating oll during maintenance are detailed in Section 7 - Storage, Handling and Tasting of Insulating Oil. Care should be taken, toremove any external dit prior tony dismantling o avoid drt entering the internal portion(Gare SoU wise OF tanUN W prevent Use pares, KOI, TELA MTS UN transtormertank. “The condition of the paintwork should be thoroughly inspected duting the maintenance of ‘the'equipment and any damaged area should be repaired to prevent extensive corrosion and deterioration fram occurring, A complete repainting should be done with an interval of 2-5years, wane une The miost wilnerable part of a transformer with regard to deterioration of the protective suriace is the costing tubes. I corrosion occurs in these areas, access to carry out remedial Work is extremely limited. in addition, particular attention must be paid 10 areas where moisture and dintend te accumulate Gaskets and Valves [All gaskets and valves should be inspected to ensure that joints are oll tight and that valves operate eely. Some trarisformer gaskets consist of material, which does not permit reuse, Under these concitions the gaskets should beroplacediinecessary. ‘Tank Lowering Device [Any tank- lowering device should be carefully examined prior to use for wear and freedom of movement and particular attention should be paid to any wire ropes incorporated in the snechanism, Main Tank and Conservator ‘An oil sample should be taken from top and bottom of the main tank and also the conservator They should! then be subjected to the tests detailed in Section 7 - Insulating Ol Basing on the periodic test results action need to be taken to carry out the filtration / replacement toil with vacuum pulling. ‘The oil level should be checked to ensure that itis at the prescribed level allowing for the ‘ambient temperature and in accordance with the manufacturer's specification. Explosion vents should be checked to ensure that the vent is sound and provides an _adioquate weather seal between atmosphereand the insulating ol, Insulators and bushings should be cleaned and inspected. They shoul ie inspected for ‘cracks and other detects with minordamage repaired during the outage. The security ofthe bushing clamp arrangements shouldalso be checked. Oilfifed bushings should be checked for leaks.and the oil {evel inspected and topped up if necessary. An oll sample should be takenifthere is provision. ‘The dimensions of arc gaps and the secure fixing of arcing horns should also be checked, ‘and should be as specified for the voltages of the transformer.External Connections ‘Allexternal connections should be inspected to ensure that they are secure and there is no ‘evidence of overheating Selector Tank ‘Anoil sample should be taken and subjected to the tests desoribed in Section 7 — insulating oi, ‘The selector mechanism should be ispected in accordance with the manufacturers instructions and remedial work carried outas required. Where appropriate, oll tight barriers between the transformer and selector and diverter tanks should be examined together with any associated bushings. (ii compartments should be flushed with clean tested oil prior to filing and the oil level filed tothe carrecttevel Diverter Switch Tank ‘Anollsample should be taken and subjected to the tests detailed in Section 7 -Insulating Oil, The diverter mechanism and rasistors should be inspected in accordance with the ‘manufacturers specification and remedial work carried out as required. The overhauling of the Diverter Switch should be carried out alter 6000/7000 operations or as recommended bythe manufacturer. ‘Tap Change Driving Mechanism The tap change driving mechanism should be cleaned and examined with renewal of any worn out parts, Motors, contactors, sequential switches, drives, inkages. secondary wiring, ‘and fuses should be inspected and maintained in accordance with the manufacturers specttications. ‘On completion of the maintenance, the tap changer should be operated over its ull ange to cenisure'ts correct operation, Dehydrating Breathers: Where silica get crystals are used to absorb moisture from the breather system of the ‘transformer, the crystals should be regularly inspected and replaced or dried out when necessary. The oit level in the oll seal should be replaced each time the unit is opened and ‘ensure that itis topped up to the level indicated, ‘Operation / Control / Protective Devices The gas, oil actuated relays (Buchhol), temperature indication and all relays associated with the on load tap changer should be maintained in accordance with the manufacturers specication.Forced Cooling Equipment ‘The correct operation of the fans and pumps should le checked by the operation of the associated automatic temperature control devices. Inspect for correct rotation of pumps ‘andi fans and condition of fan blades and guards. Correct lubrication should be carried out Motor contactors should be inspected for correct operation and damaged contacts: repaired or renewed as required, Earth Connections Eanhing and bonding connections should be checked to ensure their secury, and that there are no signs of deterioration, Remake orrenewasnecessary 2.2 TRANSFORMER - WEEKLY TASKS ‘Maint. Engineer Check relief vant diaphragm. It cracked or broken, ‘arrange replacement at nextoulage. Main Engineer Check conservator oll level against traistormer S00 WS/D temp, If fow, examine transtoymer for leaks and range oulageto top upoil Main. Engineer Check OLTC conservator oil level and arrange SD0_— WS/D ‘outage to top up, ifrequired. Maint Engineer Check oll Jevel in bushings. It low, inspect for S00 WSID leaks and arrange to top up at next outage. 2.3 TRANSFORMER - MONTHLY TASKS MaintEngineer Check colour of slica gelin breather. If crystals are pink place reuetvatas crystals, Check of levelinolcup, opupifrequired, aint Engineer ecko ekage and arange ounge toes # spo WSiD required. Maint Engineer Luba pump and fan motor bearings. Check S00 WS/D Gperation bt pumps and fans. Leave en auto after testing Maint Engineer Chackodevelin Buchhalzselay.Checktorgasinol. SPO WS'D Naassuspected, take maintank ollsample for GA.Maint Engineer ‘Maint. Engineer Maint. Engineer ‘Take Main Tank & Selector Tank Gil samples. Test {or dielectric strength anc moisture content. If Oil test fails, atrange for ather oil tests. Inspect ground level -earth connections on transformer and transfonmier lightning, arrester. lean cotrosion as required, Electrical checking of Buchholz Relay, Oli Surge olay anid Pressure Release Device 2.5 TRANSFORMER-HALF YEARLY TASKS Maint, Engineer Maint. Engineer ‘Take Main tank & Selector tank oil samples. Carry out DGA tests in association vaih EAMR team. Record results Inspect marshalling kiosks, including heaters, connections, lights, cantactors. gaskets and paintwork, 2.6 TRANSFORMER - YEARLY TASKS: Maint, Engineer Maint. Engineer ‘Maint. Engineer Maint, Enginesr Maint. Engineer Maint. Engineer Maint Froiner External cleaning of Transformer and radiators. Inspection external paintwork on coolers for leaks and damage Pepa as required Jnspedt, clean ang check bushings lor damage Flepair as required. Neutral - Earth Pit Resistance Measurement in summer Carry out LR. measuremeriton auxiliary wiring. Inspect and clean OLTC driving mechanism Adjust 1 required in accordance with ‘manufacturer's specification, Inspect OLTC automatic control. Check output at each tap position in accordance with ‘manufacturers specification Insnect all casket taints for leaks Tiahien as ‘SDO/AGM SDO/AGM WSIDpamie EMQG GHIECK wert Gs lati ex un SENNA wy ser muiNT we Sesociation with ERMA. Maint. Engineer Inspect remote indications from OI, WTI & Tap SDO/AGM — S/D Changer for correct operation, Adjust required inassociation with E&MRteam, Maint. Engineer Check Ol Levelin WTI& OTI pockets. Main Engineer Inspect and check contacts & operation of SDO/AGM sD Buchholz relay and test by ir injection / ol drain. I faulty, inform EMR, Maint, Engineer, inapectalarmns, relays, contacts & fuses and verity SDO/AGM — S/D ‘operation and accuracy. EBM Team — Thermo-vision scanning of Transformer SDO/AGM WSI/D ALY TASKS 2.7 TRANSFORMER ~2YEAI EAMPTeam Tan Delta Tast of Bushings, Winding Insulation & AGM/GM oi, 2.8 TRANSFORMERS YEARLY TASKS. E&MATeam Inspect selector and diverter switch and maintain AGN/GM jn accordance wih manulacturer's specification ith assistance of Service Engineer EAMRTeam Measurement of Winding Resistance at all tap AGM/GM — SID positions. ESMRTeam — MeasurementotWinding Turns Ratio AGM/GM SD 9 TRANSFORMER - SOS TASKS Maint.Engineer/ * Cary out IR measurement of windings S00/AGM 800 (Polarisation Index & OA ratio) and record results ESMATeam Jof Short Cirouitimpedan AGM/GM — S/D E&MA Team Frequency Response Analysisinassociation with AGM/GM SD ‘outsourced agency.FAMATeam — Magnetic BaiancerTest AGM/GM ‘Maint Engineer/ Fitratonotoivacuurisation transformer, AGM/GM 800 ERMA Team Online Moisture Measurement in association with AGM/GM ulsourced agency E&MRTeam —Delactionot moisture content ofwinding, AGM/GM — S/D + Thepresent practice of annual IR measurement of windings will Continue tilull fledged DGA Is adopted by OPTCL 2.10 TRANSFORMER PAINTING - SOS (Normally on Record all works carried out by the agency Inthe AGM sub station logbook / register3.1 GENERAL “Tho routine maintenance of switchgear and associated equipment will normally comprise of regular tasks to inspect the unit supplemented at mofe extended intervals with programmed maintenance involving acircult outage, “The inspections shoul ensure that no visible signs of damage or distress are apparent duting the course of normal operations. ‘The planned maintenance enables the replacement or treatment of those items, which require attention. Italso allows forthe lubrication and adjustment of mechanisms together swith more uetailed inspectian and testing of insulation tobe carried oul, Maintenance Operations ‘The requirements with regard 10 the treatment of insulating ol during maintenance are ‘detailed in Section 7 - Storage Handling and Testing of Insulating Oil. Care should be taken to remove any external dir prior to any dismantling to avoid dirt entering the internal partion, ofthe switchgear. Care stiould also be taken to prevent loose parts, tools, metal fings or dirt failing into the: witehgear tank; “The condition of the paintwork should be thoroughly inspected during the maintenance of the equipment and any clamaged area should be repaired to prevent extensive corrosion and deterioration Irom occurring, Diagnostic Testing Diagnostic testing of switchgear will give an indication of the condition of the equipment ‘and by comparison with previous results of similar tests, will provide a guide to possible oletioration, The maintenance of adequate records of such tests is therefore extremely Important “The ollowing diagnostic techniques are applicableto switengear + Dynamicresistance test + Insulation resistance test + AC Dielectric Loss & Power Factor test + Break down voltage testand moisture testofinsulating oll + Thermovision surveys + Pneumatic pressure drop tests + Timing / Speedcurve tests + Resistance test between the terminals ofeach phase + Dawpointtests on compressed air “The frequency ofthese tests will normally be the same as the routine maintenance, however these may be adjusted depending on the operational and environmental concitions under ‘which the switengearis working{rip-close-tip, and fockout atthe stipulated low pressure: It also preves tho integrity ofthe pneumatic system, by the amount of airthat is cuimped from the system after an operation, Timing { Speed curve tests are undertaken an switchgear belore and after maintenanee to ‘ensure that tip / close speeds, travel and velocity are within the manufacturer's recommended limits. Dewpoint testing of air is to ensue that the ai is of sulficient dryness ‘s0 that na moisture can be cartied into the insulation. ‘Thermovision surveys are used to detect high resistance joints in open busbar substations by monitoring infiared emissions, ‘Maintenance Operations When carrying out maintenance it will be necessary to consider the consition of the equipmentwith regard tothe following: + Contamination of external insulation + Condition internal insulation including oilwhere appropriate: + Condition of contacts and interrupting devices + Condition of operating andisolating mechanism and theirlubrication. + Condition of weather seats, gaskets and protective finishes. Insulation Insulators and bushinge should be cleaned and inspected. They should be inspacted for cracks and other detects wit minor damage repaired during the outage. The secury ofthe ‘bushing clamp arrangements should also be checked Cilfiled bushings should be checked for leaks and the cil level inspected and topped up if necessary. An oll sampleshouldbe taken itthereis provision. “The cotrect dimensians of are gaps and the secure fixing of arcing horns should alse he checked. Where possible, the condition of the internal insulation should be checked for signs of tracking, treeing, blistering ordelamination. \Where applicable, insulating ol should be inspectediand tested in accordance with Section 7 Storage, Handling and Testing of Insulating Oil ‘Main /Arcing Contacts Contacts should be inspected for excessive lauming and other damage and recondition ot renew as necessary, It should be verified that contact backing springs are exerting the correct force and that contacts ae secure, in correct alignment and thatthe arcing tips are protecting the main contacts. Discoloration, burring, or beads of fused metal should only be removed wit a fine fle oF glass paper. Emery paper should net le used and only the tninimum amount of material should be removed from the contact surface. After dressing thecontacs they should be washed in clean oll before they are reassembled. Silver plated contacts should only be cleaned where absolutely necessary using the correct siverpolsh tang careto see thatthe sllversnot removed.Weather Seals and Protective rimisnes ‘The condition of the paintwork and weather seals should be inspected during the maintenance of the equipment and any damaged areas should be repaired to prevent extensive corrosion and deterioration from occurring. A complete repainting wil only be tequired.when an inspection'shaws ito thenecessary Particular attention must be given to suffaces where moisture and dirt tend to accumulate, ‘especially horizontal covers, which may sulfer severe corrosion, ifpaintwork deteriorates: “The doors of metal enclosed circult breakers should be checked to ensure that they are sealed to preventthe ingress of dust, dirt and vermin, External Connections ‘Alexteral connections should'be inspected to ensure that they are secure and there is no evidence of overheating Dehydirating Breathers Equipment-ftted with silica gel breathers shail have an oll sample taken end tested in ‘accordance with Section 7 - Insulating Olt. If the oil fails the test, it shall be replaced with ‘lean oil Silica gel breathers should be checked regularly and renewed or re-activated as necessary. Should the slica gel be fully saturated, then the oil n the chamber should be changed. Earth Connections Eamthing and bonding connections should be checked to ensure their security andl that there arenossigns of deterioration. Remake ar renew as necessary. Vacuum Breakers: Vacuum circuit breakers are designed to have a greatly enhanced performance duty when compared with of circuit breakers. Most are equipped with contact wear indicators, which ‘should be checked during the maintenance to ensure that contact wear is not exceeded. If the circuit breaker would be expected to perform an excessive amount of operations between maintenances then intermediate checks on the wear indicator may be required. Inspections of the oparating mechanism should be in accordance with the manufacturer's specification. SF6 Circuit Breakers SF-6 circuit breakers ar also high performance units and it would not be expected to carry ut contact maintenance oF reniewal during theliftime ofthe switchgear. Diagnostic testing should be carried out to ensure that the circuit breaker is operating, within the manufacturer's recommended tims, Accumulator pressure gauges should be inspected regulary i ited, to ensure that SF gas is not leaking, Where leaks Uo occur and repressutisation is required, reference shouki be made totheswichgear manutacturs‘AirBreak isolators / Earth Switches 3.2 CIRCUIT BREAKER -MONTHLY TASKS ‘Maint. Engineer Inspect insulators for signs of damage. Reportand arrange for remedial work to be cared out th = eve __ ———— Maint Engineer Inspect earth connections on the breaker mechanism and control cabmet, Clean corrosion asrequres. Maint. Engineer Inspect mech, box and control cabinet seals to ‘ensure thal they are vermer prot, Repair or renew seais.as necessary. Maint. Engineer Check correct operation of heaters and illumination lamps. i_mech. box and control feabinet, Repair or renew as necessary, 3.3 CIRCUIT BREAKER - QUARTERLY TASKS IMaint.Engineer Clean insulators and, check for eracks, chips or evidence ol tracking, Repair as required. the meohanism as speciied in the manufacturers specication. 4 CIRCUIT BREAKER - HALF YEARLY TASKS ‘Maint. Engineer Measure and record inp col resistance. Compare ‘vith manutacturer’s specification. Take action if requited Maint. Engineer Measure and record closing coil resistance. ‘Compare with manufactorer’s specification. Take action trequired, Maint Engineer With the circuit breaker in the open position, WihESMA Team measure and record the insulation value of each fxed and. maving contact to earth and the resistance value of each fixed to moving contact Using @ 2500V. meager. Compare with Manufacturer's specification, Take action if Maint. Engineer Clean the mech. box and camry out lubjication of | S60 spo 300 “S00 Bus sectionisolators, busbar isolators, feeder isolators and earth switches shall be operated at regular intervals to detect any excessive friction, verify contact aignement, operation of the ‘mechanism arid correct operation ofindicating devices. The operational check will b= camed outatthe same times the maintenance ofthe associated circuit breaker. sD sD si@ and record tho nsulaion “resistance value belween each phase using « 2500V meager. ‘Also measure and record tho continuity. valve between fred -andmoving coniacts. Compare with manufacturer's specification, Take action if Fequired with assistance rom ERMA. inspect and clean auxiliary switch contacts. SDO SD meee ‘with EMR Team Inspect the contra! cabinet and mech. box ying. Check for loose connections and damaged Insulation. ‘Maint. Engineer Check interiock mechanism for correct operation. SPO SiD wih E&MRTeam Repairiinecessary Maint. Engineer Operation Gounter Healthiness Check soo SD 3.5 CIRCUIT BREAKER - YEARLY TASKS EAMA Cay out piotection testing of all associated AGM/GM — S/D relays, record results and compare with manutacturers specification. Carry out adjustments ifnecessaryretestand record, ERMA Minimum Tria CoilVottage Check AGM/GM EMR Carry out timing and speed curve tests and AGM/GM compare witht manufacturer's specification Record resultsand carry out adjustments, if results are outside specified limits. Confirm correct ‘operation after adjustments, E&MA Thermo Vision Scanning of Breaker Clamps AGM/GM WS/D ape ‘sD 3.6 CIRCUIT BREAKER - 2-5 YEARLY TASKS SMA —-Measuroment of Statle Contact 2Yearly AGM(E8MA) SID "ERMA Measurement of Dynamic Contact 2¥early AGM(E&MA) S/D Resistance, Contact Travel, Contact Speed, Contact wipe, Arcing GontactLenath, Mojnt.Enginger Capacitance & Tan delta 2Yearly AGM(EAMR) SID with E&MRTeam measurementot grading capacitor - Maint. Engineer Carry out ful maintenance of circuit SYearly AGM(ESMA) S/O WihESMATeam breaker In accordance with manufacturer's specication and Company guidelines in association with Serviee Engineer.3.7 CIRCUIT BREAKER -SOS TASKS SF6 Gas Leakage Test AGM/GM ERMA Dew Point Measurement of SF6 Breaker in AGM sD association with outsourced agency. ~ ERMA Checking Vacutim of interrupter by application of AGM = SID High Voltage by disengaging with operating mechanism and feplacement, if necessary in association with outsourced agency. FEMA Checking erosion of contacts by erosion markon AGM SID. ‘operating rod or measurement of gap specified in closed position af contacts wtierever provided, in GBs inassociation with outsourced agency, 3.8 CIRCUIT BREAKER - OPERATING MECHANSIMS PNEUMATIC OPERATING MECHANISM ‘Maint. Engineer Water Maint Engineer ‘Daily SDO_ WS “soo WSiD- WS Hailveary 310 ‘OperationLockoutchieck&Pressure Yearly sD Switch Setting Check ‘SPRING OPERATING MECHANISM Maint.Engineer Clean, lubricate and inspect Quarterly SDO_S/D wi EMA Team operating mechanism of rouit breaker Inuluding chain, gears of spring charge mechanism in accordance with manulacturer’s speciteation ‘Maint. €ngineer Checking nealthiness and cleaning Quartoly SOO SB \WithE&MA Tear of Rolets, Springs & Application of ___ Grease Maint. Engineer Checking of Operation of Spring Quarterly S00 S/D ‘Charged Motor HYDRAULIC OPERATING MECHANISM (400KY SFSEREAKERS)_ Maint-Engineer Checking Oil AGM/DGM WSID feplenishiient { topping, up, it f oe eenera __ Fee —— Maint Engineer GreskingofOjiLeaks Monthly AGM/OGW W/O E&MA Checking of Oil Pressure Drop Yearly AGM/OGM S/O during duty cyele operation checkFan eaMR Maint. Engineer Maint. Engmeer Maint. Engineer ___ EaMAL ‘Maint Engineer Maint. Engineer Maint. Engineer aint. Engineer Maint. Engineer Maint Engineor ERMA BIO Puini, Pressure Swiiel Seltig) ate Checking of Healthiness of Acournulaior by checking the pre: charging pressure when building uppressuretromzara, ‘Checking of peration of Sat Valve Visual Inspection (Hot Spots, Contacts, Decolouration of Insulators) Checking of healthiness of Gaskets inMarshaliing Box Checking ot Space Heaters and ‘Mlumination ir Marshalling Box ‘Thermo vision Scanning, Examine contacts for pitting. corrosion and alignment. Cean, lubricate or replace contacts as raquired. Realign contacts it required. Ensure that earth switch ‘does not close when isolator is in closedposttion. Clean and hubricate operating rods and drive shat assembly. Inspect and clean insulators. Replace ifrequired. ‘Check tightness of all nuts, bolts, clamps, connections and drive pins. Cigan auniliary contacts. Check Limit Switch & Interlock Check electrical connections and ensure remote indication is ‘operating. Measurement of Contact Resistance Yearly Yearly ‘Weekly Quarterly Quarterly Quarterly Yoarly Yearly Nearly Yearly Yearly 2yearly AGM/DGM SID AGM/OGM ‘$00 spo 'sD0 AGM/GM spo bo sD0 sd sbo AGM/GM sD 3.9 ISOLATOR AND EARTH SWITCH- TASKS WITH PERIODICITY wsio ws wsiD wsio si 3D sp sip4.4 GENERAL “Thomajorty of currentand voltage transformers are normally associated with measurement or protection devices and their maintenance wilbe carried outa the same timeas the switchgear theyareassociated with. ‘Alvextemal insulation should be cleaned and checked for damage such as cracks, tracking ‘marks andany signs of deterioration. High voltage fuses associated with the current orvoltage translormer should be checked for any signs of damage or overheating and general condition, Where the equipmentis ited with an oll seal chamber itshouid have a sample of olltaken rom the chamber and tested for moisture during the maintenance of the associated switchgear. thetestdoes prove unsatistactory, then thealinihe il sealchamber should be changed. Equipment ted with silica gel breathers shall have an oilsample taken and tested for electrical strength, moisture and aciity in accordancewith Section 7- Insulating Olt tthe ol asthe test, then it should be replaced with clean oil. Silica gel breathers should be checked anct th crystals renewed or re-activated as necessary. Should the silica gel be fully saturated, then ‘illinthechamber should berepiaced 4.2 CURRENT TRANSFORMER - TASKS WITH PERIODICITY ‘Maint. Engineer Visual Check (Porcelain, Unusual Monthly — SDO WS/D = _ NOR ae a SIE Maint. Engineer Bellow expansion { Oil Level & ‘Leakage Chack. Arrange shutciown fortop up, freauited. 7 ‘Check Space heater and lighting in Quarterly — SDO WS/D. consolebox, Thermovieionseanning ofCTstuds. Quarterly AGM/GM WS/D Maint Engineer CheckingotheathinessolCTgaskets Yearly = SOO SID Maint. Engineer CT Secondary Terminal Box -O) Yearly S00. S/O Leakage Check, Cleaning & - Tightering of Terminal Connections Maint. Engineer Tightening of Terminals & Cleaning Yearly SDO = RS a = = Inspect and clean insulators. Gheck Yearly S00 © fordamageandreplace required. 3 Maint Engineer Check tightness of all nuts, bolts, Yearly © S00 SID "____Glampsanci earth connections. _ “Maint. Engineer Take oil sample andiest fordiclectric Yearly SDO/AGM = S/D. strength & moisture content ol ‘aisany ofthetests, replace ol. - E&MR Check nitrogen pressure, ifnitrogen Yearly AGM/GM_—S/D “Monthly — SD0.WSID filed. a a SMR Measurement of Tan Delta & Yearly AGM/GM — S/D. Capacitance of Winding & Oi Maint Engineer Neutral - Earth Resistance Check in Yearly SDO/AGM “S/D Console Box Maint Engineer Ghack ennditina of aviernal Vealy = Sha SifySecondary resistance. Zan waonattg ShenctarpicaToat_—_ 608___NawiGw 5 Haru Engines * Rave Messurarent sos spo/acm 5/0 EAN DissoNeoGecAnaysicof colected SOS AGM/GM WSID ollsample + The present practice of annual IR Value Measurement will continue ti {ulttedged GA is adopted by OPTGL. 4.3 INDUCTIVE / CAPACITIVE VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER & COUPLING CAPACITOR - TASKS WITH PERIODICITY Main. Enginear Visual Check (Porcelain, Unusual Mtly 00 WSiD , Decolouration of terminals Leg Want Engineer OlLevel@ Leskage Check Monty 600 —WSID Maint. Engineer Check Space heater and lighting in Quarterly SDO- wsiD- consolabox Es ~Thermovision scanning ofCVTand — Guarery AGM/GM WSID terminal connectors. Maint Engineer Checking of healihiness of CVT Yearly SO gaskets “Maint Engineer CVT Secondary Terminal Box - Oil Yearly enkage Sheek cats A jhtening of Terminal Connections “Want Engineer Tera a Tomiie § Coming — Vent 600 WaT of Console Box - - - ‘Maint Engineer Inspectand clean insulators. Check Yearly = SDO. SID fordamageand replace trequired. “Maint. Engineer Check tightness of all nuts, bolts, Yearly ‘soo SID clamps andeartn connections. Maint. Engineer Take al sample anditestfordicactic Yearly SDO/AGM SID strength & moisture content Ito fas any ofthe tests, replace ol. EaMA Measurement of Tan Delta & Yearly AGM/GM SID Capacitance 01 011& Winding. Maint. Engineer Neutral-Earth Resisiance Check in Yearly SDO/AGM SID ‘Console Box Maint.Engineer Check condition of ‘external Yearly $00, s/D paintworkand repair as necessary. ws «0S AGM/GM = S/D. “Maint. Engineer * ~ 808 SDO/AGM SID ERMA Dissolved Gas Analysis ofcallacted SOS «AGM/GM wsiD ilsample +The present pxactioe oh Value Measurement wil continua il ulledged GAs adopted by oProt.Maint. Enginoor ‘Maint. Engineer Marni. Engineer Maint. Engineer Maint, Engineer ‘Maint, Engineer Maint. Engineer Maint Engineer amin caMA Maint, Engineer Visual Check (Decolauration of Monthly Insulatarsetc.) Read and record surge counter Monthly indication itfited. greater than 100, ‘arrange for replacement. Read and record leakage current Monthy ‘neato, It inicator shows in red Section, inspect and arrange for replacement. Checking of Earth Connection & Earth Resistance Measurement Checking of Leakage Current (Thi Harmonie Resistive Curent) Tasting of Counters: Cleaning & Checking of Cracks in Insulators Replace trequires Check tightness of all nuts, bolts, clamps andearth connections Thermo Vision Scanning of Surge Yearly ‘Arrester Clamps Messurement of Capacitance & Tan 2Yearly Delta of each Stack ‘Measurement of [A value of each — SOS Stack and compare with ‘manulacturer s specification.6.1 GENERAL This section details Company practice for the maintenance of battery installations used for the operation of switchgear, communication equipmentand emergency lighting. ‘Testing ofa battery and installation gives an indication of the condition ofthe equipmentand ‘comparison with previous similar tests provides a guide to possible deterioration. Tests ‘shallbe used during the maintenance ofthe equipmentto ‘+ Establish the state of discharge or charge at any time. + Detect possible deterioration in performance ofthe battery asitages. + Determine the condition ofthe battery witing installation. [Much of the value of testing ‘stems {rom the comparisons and estimation of trends, the retention of adequate records of such tests is essential. Following testing recorded values must be scrutinised and comparisons. mace, any abnormal values should prompt immediate action to be taken to correct that abnormality. ‘The records for battery installations shall be entered in the Battery Log book, which will be ‘opt atthe substation. This book also contains instructions relating to the different baltery ‘charging rates, the specific gravity of battery calls and maintenance equipment required. 6.2 BATTERY INSTALLATION & DC SYSTEM - DAILY TASKS Operator/ Check total battery voltage in charger OFF condition, the ‘ShiftEngineer i/o! ceil voltage, the pilot cell specific gravity and the temperature of the electiolyi. Select one cell out of every twenty as piiot cals, subject to & minimum of two cells, for voltage and specific gravity tests. Selection of ccelis must be such that al cells are eventually selected Le. ifeolls 1,21, 44 etc. are selected inthe first day, colts 2,22, 42010. shouldbe selected thenextdayand soon, 63 | BATTERY INSTALLATION ‘&DC' SYSTEM - MONTHLY TASKS leanbattery terminals and apply petroleumjety or Vaseline, Maint. Engineer Check electrolyte fevel in cells and top up with distilled S00 ‘water as requiredand record quantity added to each col. Maint. Engineer Maini.Engineer Check operation of Automatic changeoverto emergency S00 lighting" “Maint Enginoor — Chack condlton of all battery connections and tighten if $D0main ergeer Liga UF ereLILG eUNMeLAION Un CHa ratio ou DCDB Panel for Tightness and Cleanliness. Remove dust from panel andwiring wit vacuum cleaner Waint Engineer Check condlon of earth connection and tghion of S00 remake necessary, Maint. Engineer’ Checking of any Earth Leakage (if Earth Fauilt Relay not 'sD0 provided) Maint. Engineer Check condition of vermin proat arrangements and repair $00 ‘orraplace necessary. 6.4 BATTERY INSTALLATION & OC SYSTEM. YEARLY TASKS ‘Maint. Engineer Check condition and clean 220V battery cabinet, Wain Enginger Cheek, lean and lubricate colact o AC and DC control sb0 switches, Maint Engineer Paint wooden racks and battery room with one coat of SD0 anti-acie paint Maint/Engineer _Inspectand clean arymoving partsintne bakery charger, EAM —_Testaltrelaysand meters Maint:Engineer Carry out Conditioning charge on battery ater discharge 800 at10-hourrate.} di ' | NSULATING OIL aMonitoring and maintaining oil quality is essential in ensuring the reliable operation of of filled electrical equipment. This section of the manual will outine the correct procedures to beadopied when using insulating oilto ensure that acceptable standards are maintained. From the time insulating oil is supplied, itis subject fo deterioration oF contamination in storage, inthe course ot handling orin service. Testing ofthe ols essentialto determine its ‘suitability for service and oil, which is found to be unfit, should be reprocessed to an acceptable standard. DEFINITIONS New oil New olis unused ollas supplied and willbe tothe equvalent standard of $336. Theil wil have no measurable PB (Polychlorinated Bipheny/) content. Reclaimed Oil Reclaimed oli usedt oil which has been processed.to eliminate all contaminates; insoluble ‘and dissolved, to obtain atthe end of the process an oil with similar characteristics to those fnew oil Maximum allowable PCB contents 10;ppm. This process willbe carried out by anoilmanufacturerinancilrefinery. Reconditioned Olt ‘Reconditioried of is used oll, which has been processed to elirinate, by physical means only, sold particles ‘rom the oi! and to decrease water content to an acceptable level Dissolved gas may also beremoved. Inthisdocumentallofthe ots defined above arotermec'clean oll. Dirty oil's used ol, which has failed to reach an acceptable condition. The preferred methods of supplying olto site willbe: + To locations where adequate tank storage facilities are available, bull deliveries willbe made as and when requited. + Tolocations where no adequate tank storage facilities are available, collections or deliveries willbe made in drums on aregular basis. + Tosites where large quantifies (> 2000litres) of oil are required at onetime for dispensing into individual items of plant, bulk deliveries will be made as and ‘when required OIL DETERIORATION ‘Switchgear Deterioration of oil in switchgear is normally attributed to carbonisation or moisture and depends mainly on the operational duty, the etficiency of the are contre) device, and the ‘environmental situation, The degree of deterioration permissible depends on the construction of the switchgear and type of iisuation used. In general the design makes someallowance for the contamination ofthe cil, The lin outdoor switchgear may become contaminated with moisture by internal condensation. Moisture by itself or in the presencesurncrus tray roenesslrennni 1 Sai eH oe enum ct wy nse ere sources, or from the surface of paper based insulation may, in the presence of moisture, Jead to electrical failure of the ol ‘Transformers ‘Transformer oil tends to deteriorate in service due fo the presence of moisture and the formation of acid products, The general cause of the formation of acid products is: oxidisation due to the exposure of the oll to air under conditions of prolonged high temperature operation (above 752 C) in the presence of metals such as copper and iron, ‘which are the catalysts of cil oxidisation. This process is assisted by the contamination of the oll with water. vanish and foreign bodies which also lower the electrical strength of the ol The acid in turn atacks the cellulase insulation and sometimes metal above the oil surface producing a cumulative oxidisation effect. The rate of deterioration is therefore affected by transformer design and operating conditions, particularly the load cycle and ambient temperature. On transformers with on load tap changing switches considerations, similar to those for oll in circuit breakers, mustbe given to the effects on the oitattributed to tap change operations. OIL INUSE AS AN INSULANT AND AN ARC EXTINGUISHING MEDIUM Duiring maintenance of tap changer diverters, oil must be removed from the equipmentand replaced with tested oll, During maintenance of switchgear a visual inspection ofthe ol wil bbe carried outas detailed and oll which does not appearto be clean, must be removed from, the equipment and replaced with tested oil, Should the oll volume warrant itering then the cll ay be filtered. Oso fitered must be subject to an electrical strength and moisture test before replacementin the equipment ii, which appears to be clean in switchgear whereit is not necessary to remove the ol from the equipment for maintenanee purposes, must passa moisture and electrical strength test Inmany cases, itwill be possible o carry outa moisture test and electric strengthitest onsite. ‘Alternatively the oil sample canbe returned to a workshop for electric strength and moisture, testing, Where a site crackle test has been carried out, afurther sample must be returned to ‘the workshop for testing with an approved moisture meter, Where itis necessary to remove oil rom the equipment for maintenance purposes then the oll must be replaced with clean ol. OILIN USE AS AN INSULANT AND FOR HEAT EXCHANGE Such oil is subject to the possibilty of increased acidity and where: this is suspected an acidity test mustbe carried out. Oil, whichis tobe retained after the acidity test, mustpassa moisture test on site and an electrical strength test. Oil with acidity of 0.5mg KOH/g or below which fails the electrical strength test may be filtered. Oil, which is so fitered, must pass anelectrical strength and moisture test before itis replaced inthe equipment.OILINUSE AS AN INSULANT ONLY During maintenance of bushings, tap changer selectors, switchgear bus barchambersetc,, ‘visual inspection of the oil will be carried out, Oil, which does not appear clean, must be removed from the equipment and replaced with clean oil. Where itis necessary to remove the clean oll from the equipment for maintenance purposes then the oil must be replaced ‘with clean oi Where it is not necessary to remove the oil from the equipment for ‘maintenance purposes, the oil must pass a moisture testand an electrical strenath test. OIL REMOVED FROM EQUIPMENT FOR RE-USE il, which has been removed trom equipment during maintenance, may be retuned as iny oil or fitered if the volume of oil warrants this. il so fitered must pass an electrical ‘strength and! moisture test before replacement in the equipment. Oil removed trom transformer tap changer diverter tanks may be retumed as dirty oll or be pumped into a ‘suitable container and continuously fitered whilst in the container during the tap changer maintenance, The oll may be pumped directly into the equipment alter a satisfactory moistureandelectricstrenathiest STORAGE Gil in storage cannot be expected to retain the electrical properties it had immediately after ‘realment, as deterioration is progressive for any insulating ol in storage. By correct storage and handling, this deterioration canbe controlled. ‘Where oil is stored in bulk tanks, they must be sealed and fitted with silica get breathers. Separate tanks, clearly labelled, must be provided for clean and dirty oll. The pipe work, valves, fitings and pumping equipment associated with each tank must be kept separate ‘wth nominterchangeable pipe filings used so that diy oll pipe work can not be accidentally connected to the clean oll container. Before being used to dispense clean oil the pipework and pumps should be fished with clean oilto remove any contamination, Glean oil tanks should be periodically lushed out to ensure that no sludging or other ‘contamination builds up inside the tank. ‘Where oll is stored in sealed 210 It. drums, the oll should be used in rotation fo limit the storage time and betore allocation for service the drum seal shoul be checked to ensureit isintact, At storage facilities, drums of new oil should be kept under coverin a separate area ‘where he temperature is maintained to the correst level specified by the supper. Diny oilin drums should he stored in a diferent area to ensure that t does not get mixed up with the clean oil and the drums should be suitably marked to indicate that they contain dirty cil, The storage of drummed clean oll outdoors must be avoided i possible, but where this isunavoidable it should not be stared for more than 24 hrs. The oil drums should be raised from the ground by standing then on wooden battens and arranged so that each cap is below the ail level atall times. ‘Additional wooden battens should be placed on top ofthe drums in such a way that they ‘can bo covered with awater proof sheet suthal the druinssare surrounded bv a.HANDLING Boiore oil is used in electrical equipment a sample must be taken trom all containers supplying the oil and tested in accordance with the company procedures and rules in force atthetime. When transferring oll to and from electrical equipment, itis essential that wator or other contamination is not intraduced. This requires the correct handling of the olf and filing lequipmentin accordance with the company rules and procedures in force atthe time. \When changing olin electrical equipment ulzing 210 tr olf drums, an oll pump and two separate piping systems should be used, one for clean oil and one for the dirty oil. These ‘wopiing systems must be sultably labelled and the clean oll pipe system used exclusively for pumping clean oil When changing oil in electrical equipment utilizing bulk oll from storage tanks or oi! tankers. the same discipline should be adopted to ensure that clean and diny systems are keptseparate. Betore delivery into the equipment, an oil sample must be taken and tested for electric strength and moisture. ll reconditioning can be undertaken on site using a streamline fiter system. This type ot filtration unit removes moisture and physical particies from the ollby passing the oil through ‘a heater and vacuum chamber, which removes the moisture and then through a tier ‘systom to remave the physical particles, This type of fiter plant will not remove acidity er other chemicals from oil and therefore transformer oil, which is most likely to contain these felements, should not be reused in any other type of plant after reconditioning, Dirty ol, Which is not being reconditioned, and is being returned to the supplier for refining, must be labelled to identiy tas such and must notbe re-used without refining, PCB Contamination of oil (Polychlorinated bipheny!) PCB's ate a compound found in insulating ollthat has been issued in equipment containing ‘certain insulation materials manufactured prior to the 1980's. They cannot be removed by fitration and in concentrations over 50 ppm, the oll must be treated as a toxic substance ‘and disposed of in accordance with current legislation. By the end of the 1960s it was realized that the materat is dificult to biodegrade and because it wil bio-accumulate is an ecological risk. Cross contamination of insulating oll may have occurred during the oil manufacturing ‘process or in the filing process at plant manufacturers premises. Filtration units, pipes, pumps and other oi! hanaling equipment used in the Transmission system may have sutfered contamination and a programme of testing for POB content in insulating oils is Fequired. Transformer oil forms the largest proportion of the total amount of insulating olin the system and should be priority tested for PCB content to determine the extent of the ‘contamination Depending on the level of PCB in the ol, compared with acceptable statutory levels, the oi may be re-used, returned to the supplier for refining or disposed of as a toxic waste. Contaminated oil, which is to be returned to the supplier, should be isolated from otherSupplies and the containers labelled to identify them as cantaining oil contaminated with, PCB, TESTING ‘A visual inspection of the oi! sample before testing can give a good indication of the condition of the oll. The sample should be inspected by placing it ina transparent glass, ‘container and holding the container filed with oil up to the light. The oil should have a clear bright appearance with a blue tint, Any free water or other impurities can be seen inthe sample. Clousiness in the oil may be due to suspended moisture or suspended solid matter. ifthe ojlis dark brown, the presence of dissolved chemicals may be suspected, {fhe colour is ‘green, the presence of copper salts is indicated and ik may be expected that further doterioration ofthe cilwillbe rapid. Anacrid smell is an indication of the présence of volatile acids, which can cause corrosion. A petrotlike or acetylene odour may indicate alow flash point due toa fault or some other cause. The following tests should be applied to insulating oilsamples at penods in accordance with individual piant maintenance specifications ELECTRICAL STRENGTH TEST ‘The electrical strength test of insulating oil is designed fo determine i's withstanding voltage. Thisis he voltage at which the oilbreaks down whilstin a standaré test cell ‘The electrical strength test must be Carried out by @ person who has been trained anc is competentto usethetestset, “The test must be cartied out with @ semi automatic test set equipped to enable the test ‘voltage to be increased smoothly fromzerotothe required level atarate of 2kVisecond, ‘A ypical test procedure would be to subject the oi! to a steadily increasing voltage until breakdown occurs with anelectrode gapot2.5mm. Thetestis repeated a further fivetimes: on the-same cell filing and the electric strength of the oil is the average of the six results obtained, Before ahy ol is transferred to the electrical equipment for service on the system, it must have been tested tor electrical strength within the previous 18 hours, either onsite orat the workshop. The tes! willbe carried out using approved testing equipment. MOISTURE TEST ‘Asimple testknown asia Crackle Test should be carried out te detormineifthere is morsture ‘ontentin the ol. Cleantinessis asalways very important. Theoilsampleisplacedin atest tube (1/4 full) and Yapioly heated ina stent ttame-untilahe ollbbegins to bolt. Any orackting, indicates the presence of Water. The sound is quite distinctive and'is similar to the noise heard witen twealing cooking fat-or cooking oll: Mo; sophisticated electronic équipment the Kl Fighehor Tira uote acourale measurements of water Conair r Jon measthe pe sting such getisavaliablThis test gives an indication of the extent of oxidisation. A specific quantity of oil is poured into’ graduated measuring cylinder and.an acicity testing solution is added gradually, This testing solution is generally an alkali containing an indicator. When the alkali has neutralized the acidin the ollthe indicator changes colour. The total amount of iquid in the ‘graduated cylinder gives an indication aste the acidity, An acidity igure higherthan 0.7 mg, KOH/g isunacceptable and indicates that reatmentof the ollis required. DISSOLVED GAS ANALYSIS ‘The presence of gases such as hydrogen, acetylene and other volatile gases can indicate that electrical break down is taking place in the equipment, The technique of analysing gas, present in the oil is now available although careful laboratory techniques are required to determine the relative levels of gas in the oil. Annual tests of transformer main tank oll should be carried out using DGA techniques to determine the possible trend of gas level rises. lf these trends are identified then the item of plant can be taken out of service and Inspected belorea catastrophic fault orfailure occurs. Evaluation of gas analysis is founded upon the types and relative quantities of gases generated by the decomposition of oil under various fault conditions, The most significant gases generated by decomposition of oil are hydrogen, methane, ethane, ethylene, and acetylene. In addition to these hydrocarbons, both carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide: are produced as a result of normal ageing of the dielectric although experience to date has ‘shown that a satisfactory diagnosis can be made without taking account of these gases. ‘The relative quantities of the above gases vary in ways characteristic of how the eneray available to decompose the ollis released at the fault and hence in way characteristic of he fault. The basis for fault diagnosis may be summarized as follows: + Normal concentrations for healthy equipment. + Thepresence of characteristicor key components. + Thesatio between the concentrations of individual gases. ‘The rate of gas production, The normal concentrations for various types of equipment vary widely according to design, ‘age and operational conditions. In order to build up reliable data for normal concentrations: itis essential that the results of dissolved gas analysis and subsequent investigations are recordedin detall.8.1 WAVETRAP Maint Engineer) hocking of tightness and Yee" aeery ona ie ‘Maint, Engineer/ General Inspection | Cleaning of Yearly SD0 siD ‘SMCelecom) Tuning Unit 8,2 STATION TRANSFORMER: Main-Engineer Adjustment & Greasing of AB switch blades. raw Cleaning otBushings,Ineuitors __Yenrty_ SPO sp Yealy -SD0 SID Yeary «S00 WSO Yearly AGM(E8MA) SID Maint. Engin Maint. Engineer |,R.ValueMeasurement Maint. Engineer Testing of BDV E&MR Testing of Buchholz - EaMR —_Testingof Tap Changer Yearly AGM(E&MR) S/O 8.3CONTROL ROOM PANELS Mart Engineer Cleaning of Panels, bus bar & HalfYeary S00 wsid control switches eto, Man Engineer Checking ot al indeatng temps / HelfYeary SPO meters wsio Mant Engneer Tightness of all etocirical Yeary SPO sip ‘connections EaUA Calibration of Panol Motors “early AGM(E&MA) si (indicating / recording instruments) r ‘along with transducers 8.4 PROTECTION SYSTEM (NUMERIC, L for Time Quarterly AGM(E8MR) WSID Testing of OR / EI Synetwronisation. - Ear ‘Checking of DC Logie Circuits for Tip & Annunciations including timers by simulation, > r cepa tin Yoav AGMIEKMA) WS/D Yearly AGM(E&MR) S/DESMR Reach Check forall 4Zones Yearly AGM(E&MA) WS/D “ESM Timemeasurement Yearly AGM(ERMA) WS/D EBMR Power swinglblocking check “Yearly AGM(EAMR) WSID eam SOTF “Eatin VFFuceFaiireGreck ~aMR Polarisation Check aM Opto-coupirinpusCeck EMR DG Supply Monitoring Checks Yearly AGM(E8MA) WSIt _ ERMA Seliciagnostiesignatscheok Yearly AGM(EMR) WS/D AMA Phase Sequence Chock ~ Yearly AGM(E&MA) WSID ERMA Neutral Current Relay Check —EBMA ——StabiltyChook Yearly AGM(EAMA) WSID “EaMR __ FaultLocatoriniiaionCheck __early_AGM(E8MA)_SID_ BUS BAR PROTECTION RELAYS ic ae EAMR Measurement Check Yeatly AGM(ESMA) SID E&MR Operational Check with Bias Yearly AGM(ERMA) SID Setting (Min. Operating Curent) “ERMA StabiityTest Yearly AGM (GAMA) SID AMA Anyotherfeature ast available “Yearly AGM(ESMR) SID intherelay — sav Oupu oui Goings) Cheek Woy AGMCERAY SD DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTIONRELAYS TEAMR—_ Measutement Check ~Yeaiy AGMIEEMA) SID ean PekupTen ss ‘eat AGMERMA) SID E&MR Bias Test _____ Yearly. AGM(E&MR) _ S) ER Sittyohex SS Yoty AGES) SD EaMR HarmonicRestanTest—————Yewly_ AGM\ESMF) ~eawn—_SiopeChecking ‘Yeary AGM(ERMR) SD E&MA ‘Output (Visual & Contacts) neck ‘Yearly AGM (E&MR) sid. BACKUP RELAYS: = 7 EaMR ——PickupTest - Yearly AGM(ESMA) SID E&MR _CharecterisicsCheck(IOMTOMTeta) Yeady AGM(EAMA) _ S/D_ AMA —HighsetChock(Stps.Stepi) Yay AGMIEAMA) SO. EMR Directional Check Yearly AGM(ERMA) SD EAM Output (Visual Conlacts) Check Yearly AGM(EANR) SID OVER FLUXINGRELAYS oe EAN ViCharactristos Check wih Yearly AGM(ESMA) SID Alarm & Trip — — ~~ E&MA __ ThermalGurve Check Yearly AGM(E&MA) SID ~ Output (visual& Contacts) Check Yearly AGM(EAMR)_S'O8,5 BUSBAR, JUMPERS, CONNECTORS, CLMAPS E&MR Thermo Vision Scanning of all Quarterly Conductor Joints, Stud Connectors & Clamps. Maint Engineer Checking of bus-bar insuiators for Yeatly cracks & Cleaning Maint: Engineer RemovalotHotSpats sos 6.6 AIR CONDITIONING PLANT Maint. Enoineer Maintenance of Central, Split & ‘Asper scope Window type AC plants through ofeontract ‘Raiai Maintenance Contract B.7FIRE EXTINGUISHER ‘Maint Engineer Checking of Gas Pressure Monthly spo Refiling / Replacement of Fire Extinguisher by SOS contractor 1.8 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR TRANSFORMERS: Maint. Engineer Fire Alarm Checking from Control Room Monthy Maint Engineer Checking of Operation of Hydrant, Sump & — Menthly Jockey Pumps ‘Maint. Engineer Maint. Engineer Maint Engineer Checking of Alignment & Overhauling t Pumps in accordance wth manufacturer's guidelines 8.9 DIESEL GENERATOR SET Maint. Engineer Checking of Petrol & Diesel LevelS.yOFILTER MACHINE Maint. Engineer Check Startof iter machine Monthly SO Maint. Engineer Check of Control Gircult Yearly S00 Maint. Engineer Change offilter Element sos $00 8.11 HYDRAULIC JACK & COMPRESSOR. MMsint.Enginger Check of Operation of Hydraulic Jack & Yearly SDO Compressor Mant Enaneer Overhauling! Hydraulic Jack & Gampressor sos $00 SAZEARTNPOTS — Maint, Engineer Watering ofEarth Pits through hydrants Daily S00 §DO MeasureroniofEarthResistancectindhicualPits Yearly AGM 50 Measurement of Combined Earth Resistance ot Yearly AGM allihepits 18.19 PAINTING WORKS ‘$00 _-PaintingofTransformers S08 AGM 500 _PaimingotLines (MS Towers) sos AGM SPO _—PainingofSub-ataion Equipments 30s AGM 00 Painting ofSub-sation Structures sos AGM ia Maint Engineer Checking of healthiness of Light Monthly $00 WSIP Fitingsand Lighting Panels Maint.Engineer Tightening of Lighting Tertrinals Moninty S00 WSID Maint Engineer CleaningoFCables&Cabletenches. Yearly __ SO0__WSP_ 30 Switchyard Cleaning through AMG = AGM WSIO outside agency $00 Spreading of gravels in switchyard «= SOS AGM WSID through outside agency. S00 Provision of gand buckets and. te hydrantsinswitehyard,