Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • AGA Nro.7

    Uploaded by

    Sergio Ciamparella
    4 views19 pages
    Reporte constructivo de puentes de medición de gas a turbina

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    Reporte constructivo de puentes de medición de gas a turbina

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    4 views19 pages

    AGA Nro.7

    Uploaded by

    Sergio Ciamparella
    Reporte constructivo de puentes de medición de gas a turbina

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 19
    Measurement of ~ Natural Gas by oe ' fee AGA Report No. 7 Measurement of Natural Gas by Turbine Meters Revised February 2006 Prepared by Transmission Measurement Committee 4 “American Gas Association Copyright © 2006 American Gas Association 400 North Capitol iret, NW, 4th Floor, Washington, DC 20001, US.A. Phone: (202) 824-7000 + Fax: (202) 824-7082 Web: www ava ore Catalog # XQO601 2. TESTING OUT OF LINE wee REFERENCE LST omm FORM FOR SUGGESTION TO CHANGE IN THE AGA REPORT NO. 7 "8 MEASUREMENT OF NATURAL GAS BY TURBINE METERS Introduction LA Scope ‘These specification apply o aia tebe ow meters for measurement of rata gas, ‘ypialy2-inch and Tae bore diameter, n which the ene gas ream flows thr the meter for, Typical applications incite measuring. singh phase gas Tow found. tr ‘roduton pres, transmission, slorage, and isrbuton and end-use gas measremer systems, Typical use i the measorement of fel grade nau sand associated hydrcarbon tes cther as pure hydrocarbons or a mistie of pore hydrocarbons nd ens Although not within the spe ofthis document, turbine meters are sd o ease ond range of Mis other han rata “This report doesnot addres the characteristics of electronic alse signal genenting devices ‘within or atached to the meter, although It does adress the use of ther outs ‘Also not sessed are he chrsterstie of mechanical or loi instrument tht convert ‘meter opus om ine canons to base contins. However, Append does contain the ‘squats establishing the mathematical basis forthe conversion proces, Although these {squats appear inthis repo, they may be used to convert volume registered by any ie of 12. Principle of Mensurement ‘Tubine meters ae inferential meters tht measur flow by counting the revolutions of = ‘oo, with bade, which tums in proportion tothe gas fw vel. From the geometry and Aimension ofthe rotor bades and Now chanel, ora paral turbine meter si and ‘model, dhe gas volume at Tne condone cane infred from counting the number tot ‘evolutions. The revolutions are arsed ino dig readout o electronic signals by some combination of mechanical getring gneated electronic or opal pulses, or oquncy. The scculited line vlume ean be ever to base volume at sandr or contact coins by accessory devices. Turbine meters can operate over wide range of gas and ambient ‘ondtons. Ther upper flow capacities ae ests nd lite by maxima loa tera |B veloc noise generation, erosion rotor speed, shalt bearing Wear and presse loses, ‘The maximum Tow capaciy'a Tine condone i fited for parla turbine metet regards of the operating pressure and temperature. The maximum bate flow copay increases in socordance with Boyle's and Chare'avs: Minimm flow capacities ar ed by fd and nord drags (ie, windage and mechanical frtion lose, respective) fat suse particular turbine meter design to exceed the desired or peste pformance Timi 2. Terminology For the purposes ofthis report the following definitions apply Change gers aor Manufsturer Maximum peako-peak err Measurement cares {Ase of mating gears in the output gear tein of some turbine "mes that canbe changed during the calbration poses. A ar combination canbe sleted, with the appropriate aio of teeth 0 cect the mechanical cup 1 reduce registration ‘company that designs and constructs metering ais, ‘Thereslt ofa measicrcnt minus he ue vals ofthe ‘messin Noe: Since the tr vale canner be determined, 2 ‘ale determined by means of stable reference meters teed ieemor~ measured value reference val /oerence vale} x 100% [A number developed lth by averaging the sum of the Individual meter Tators ver the rage of the meter” by weighting more heavily towards the meter factors overflow ‘asa which the mets mor likely to be used. The value ed art conection face. Mt ation, multi-ois linearization or polypomia curve iting techniques may be sed ‘A umber by which te meters ouput pls are mulpi © Cetormine the volume trough the meter One or more tos many be aed over a meters operating range as determined by Mow eaibeaton resus ‘Maximum allowable operating pressure. ‘A company that desis, manuactures, sells and delivers ‘orbine flow meters. ‘The difference between the largest andthe smallest eros ‘troxghou the calfated ange of he meter ‘An iteral assembly, removable from some mer, which “includes th measurement components, but excludes the met ty ‘A number by which the result ofa measurement is mulipiod fo compensate Tor systematic err. The nor-dnenioal ‘mulpying valu is determined foreach fw fate at whic ie ‘meter & calibrated, The number is auto by diving the ‘ale ffom the reference meter by the indicate value of the meer under est can be applied to inivdual low rates or !veraped to provide a single Tutor (inl me aco) forthe meter “The range of ambient and flowing em conditions over which ‘he meters designed o operate ‘The permanent ss one posse arose ter The flow rate trough the meter under a specific set of est or ‘operating contin. ‘The maximum gas low rate trough the meter that can be ‘measured within the specified performance roquiremen. ‘The minimum gas low rat trough the meer that can be measured within he specified performance requiem ‘The transition ow rae. The ow rae though the mete at ‘which performance egurements may change ‘Tie rato ofthe maximum 1 minimum flow rates over which the meter meet specified "performance requirements (Gometines called "wumown rao, [A meter or measurement device of proven flow measirement ‘eure ‘Closeness ofthe agreement batween the resus of successive ‘measurements ofthe same measurand eared out une he sme condos of mesure Notes 1. These conditions arecalled repeatability conditions. 2. Repeaility conditions nce +The same measurement proces + Thesame observer ‘These measringisrument used under the sme conditions 1+ The same location Repetition over sort peed of ime 3. Repeatability may be expresso quanavely in tems of ‘he doprsin charters ofthe reals 4-4 valid sutement of repestabiliy require speifatons of the conltions af measurement, suas temper, pee ‘sire and gas compsion ato fate ‘The number of output ples per nit volume for inva sera) ove te er murs fr in 2 pricy slgrthm, Rotor factors are sociated wid "estrone pls opis) fom each rts, ypcally of dual {efor rine mete. “The lndvidul of company that wes the bine meter for ‘messuement pupescs 3. Operating Conditions 34 Gas Qualey ‘The meter should, a6 a minimum requirement operate with any ofthe nora rage tus) {1s composition mixtures specified in Table 1 of AGA Report No, 8, Compvessblty Factors ‘of Natwal Gas and Other Related Hydrocarbon Gases (Reference). ‘The manufacturer shouldbe consulted if any ofthe flowing ae expecta: ‘+ Operation near he hydrocarbon or wet vapor dew point ofthe natural gs mites ‘+ Total sui evel exceeding 20 gies per 100 cubic fet, including mereapions, HS and elemental sulfur compounds, oc exceeding those specified nthe National ‘Assocation of Crrsion Engineers (NACE) guideline for he materials of which the ‘eters manufatred ‘+ Bxposure fo other contaminants that may affect the me's err by reducing the ‘rosssectonl lw area o bling upon oer sensitive features Deposis may ‘lke contaminate beating lutricaton an end oreded service ie 32 Operating Presses ‘The operating presse of the mtr shall be within the range speifed ty the meter smanuftctire. The manufacture tll spc the maximum allowable operating presse for the meter design and conttucion. Turbine meters, in gen donot have a minim ‘operaingpressre imi although ror may be incensed i wed under sonitions fr which the meter hs ot been calibrate, Section 6 proves information cn earn reine, 33, Temperatures, Gas and Ambient “The moter shall be used within he manufacturer's owing ea and ambient ie empire specifiations. Depending upon mitral of construction, turbine mes ean opera ver ‘lowing gas and ambient temperature range of 10°F +165°F (40°C to 78°C), Tis Important tht the flowing gas temperature remain above the hyéresrbon dew pinto the 88 to oid posie meter damage and measurement error, The manuf shall rove {temperate and ambient ar temperature specications forthe mtr, they may ier from the above 34 Effect of Gas Density (as density can have tre prinepal eet the perfomance ofthe as tine mete ‘+ Rangeailty ~The angebiity ofa tubine meter nceass a gs densi increases, ‘+ Pressure Drop ~The pressure las ars frbine mete increases a the ens density ‘+ Bor Operating characterises may change ns as deny changes 35 Gas Flow Rate Considerations “The manufacturer sil ove he operating Now re range at varios presses. The wer Free nip ete war prom san eric The iret fr epson are sated i Seton 5. ofthis document. The [Peursem eas wie quar af low tne, Beng Tico o vil peton frequencies may nea 1 be js in accordance wih fe ‘erating ow rte Fw iting devices may be eed to provide oversange proton forthe meter. Designer and se are cauoned evaluate nse piping sae ad ser inch concems af maximum operingvlcly: Refer Secon of is doce fr tre neon on ntaliaoncorsderatns. ‘36 Upstream Piping and Flow Profiles Reseach was conducted on the ffs of instalation configurton on trie meter erin 2002 and the reste published in Reference 2, Seton 7 provides information om installation requirement Meter Design Requirements 41 Codes and Standards ‘The meter body and all othr parts comping the presse containing srctres shall be signed anf consrcted of materials suitable forthe sevice conditions For wich the mater {tated and in acordance with any applicable codes, regulations and specifications ofthe ‘esgnet The meter body sll operate without leakage or permanent defrmaton ever the ppsced rane of opting press, wing gt tenpersties and envionment 42° Meter Body 42.1 Meter Hoty End Connections ‘Te body end connections shall be deslned in secomdance with spproprie ange or "Aeeaed connestion standards, 422 Corrosion Resistance All weted pars ofthe meer shal be manufactured of meri suitable fr we in their Intended application. A exeral parts ofthe mec shoul be made of coresion ran ‘atrils ov sealed with a corosonresista coals suitable for wen eine ondtons ypically found inthe natural as indus aor ae specitied bythe desine. 423 Meter Lengths and ores ‘Manufactures shall publish thei standard overall fAce-o-ace length of the meer boy far each meter sie and pressure tating. Turbine meters are gensaly fle of minoe dams diffrences, suchas fipe schedule sie chang, However, te designe shall Inake sre that the recommendations of Section 7 we flowed 424 Pressure Tap “The manufacture shal provide at least one pressure tap onthe meter body. The static ‘ressie fom the meter iap provided and ientied bythe manufacturer shall ewe for Pressure comecton of the meter epson volume, 425° Seating ‘The motr may be provided with sealing arrangements fo prevent secs tt itera working pars, ajusments and reprogramming. The sealing srangements sal be such that tey'do nt prevent sce 1 soutne msintenane fetes ofthe meer, soch as Ibcaton pois" Whore measurement caridger ar lferchangeble fe mean of ‘sealing the cartridge shall be designed to. prevent acces io. adjsinent and ‘reprogramming when the caredgef removed frm the meter body, Any means provided {oe the cartridge to the meter body shal be independent of ary other sealing means ‘rovided,Independen sealing shall allow the body-to-cartidge seal to be removed ‘without permiting access othe caridge’s internal working parts rajustnents, 426 Mivcellanoour ‘The constrain shal be mechanically an eetially sound, nd the material, sh, tte, should be sch as fo provide assurance of Tong He and sustainod accuracy. The Ieee may provide one or more outputs (mechanical or eletreal, proportional othe Soume of gas tat bas pase hough 8 expressed at ne coins of pes ud temper ‘The meter shall be designed in sucha way thatthe bey wll not oll when esting on smeoth surface with slope of up to 10 percent. The mcterdsin shal also pent as) fd safe handing othe meter ring tanepottion and nsallition. Thveaded hoes fo ong eyes or tears fring Sap shall be povided. 43 Meter Markings Aum plates) contsinin he folowing nforation shal be fied tthe meter “+ Manufteuer + Mode and size (internal nominal ameter) + Serial umber + Date of manufctr or datecode ‘+ Maximum allowable operating pressure (MAOP) ‘+ Maximum ated cap at Mowing conditions 1+ K-fctor ano rotor fcr), ifapplicble ‘ter markings onthe meter shall nde: “+ nt end or crston of low ‘+ Direction of utpet shat etation, if ppiable + Unis of volume perroveluion af the ouput shaft if applicable + Merial of pressure conning components, (bo, anges, top plat, te.) + Pressure erence tp (e.g. “PRL"“PY" oF “Ps") + Orientation of measarement erridp, if applicable + Seri numberof measurement arti if plicable 44 Documentation ‘The manufacturer shall provide all necessary dt, cerifctes and documentation for comet ‘Sonfgraion, tap and ws ofthe prtialr meter pon requast by te user or ese. The tser or designer muy so request tht copies of Mydrosinic-test of leaktestceifeates, Inne artfcaions ond casting or we aiographs be mpd with delivery ofthe mete ‘The manafacturer shall provi or make wvalable the flowing documents With the mer or when requested alldoctments shal be dae: o » 8 a ‘A dessiption ofthe meter, gving tecnica characteris and pnp of operation A perspective drawing o photograph ofthe meter ‘ist of pats with a deserption oftheir contiuent materials A dimensional dang A deawing showing actions of ele A drawing of the data plate or bade, showing arrangement of sritons| Instruction fer instalation, operation, and pero maintenance A general desrgion of peraton A description of avaiable mechanical opus and electronic opr signal, and any ‘aijstment mechanisms ‘A description of avalable clotonic Interies, wiring poltts and essen! laractesios _Documenttion of emplane with applicable safety cds an regulations Testeepoe of meer efor 5. Performance Requirements SA General Performance Tolerances “The manufacturer shall specify low ae limits for Qui Oy and Qua fr each meter design and size Meter performance at atmospheric presse alle wii the flowing tolerances (Gee als Figure fae ealiaton Repeaabiliy 10.2% from Quin t© Qnae Maximum peak-o-peak enor: 1.0%ahove Qu Maximum ero: 1.0% fom Q;10 Qn and, 11.5% from Qn © Oe “Transom ow re: Qj not gente than 02 Qn Note The tolerances apply after adjustment ofthe change gears (If any) andlor feting of K-fictrs and appliation ofthe final meter Factor Note2._ The tolerances aply afer any corrections performed within the meer ‘self but prior to the appliation of any linearization algritims by equipment sua ote meter, {Note 3. These tolerances are aplesle a atmospheric presi, As opesting ens presre increases, the prfomatce of he turbine meer canbe expected to Improve ‘rst, with smalr values for rpeabity and maximum peak-to-pak ere, ‘rovied the meter scala forthe nended operating conditions, Repeataily 902% el a ‘O30 ty | IE Gm O.502Q, — Flowrate(Q) Percent one 8 igor 1. Turbine Meter Tolraoss a Atmospheric Presare 52 Temperature and Gas Composition Inflences ‘The turbine meer shall meet the shove perfomance sequirements over the fll operating range of temperature and as composition. 53 Presuretnnuences Research on the fists of pressure on ubine meter performance was cond in 2002 and 2103, and theres poblished in Reference 3. To minimize er turbine meters should be rated forthe applicable operating condos. Quianee on calibration rauirenens i Provided in Secon 6, ‘54 Meter Body Inerchangeabiity Meters with inorchangeable measurement caridges ate design so that the measurement ‘arige can be removed from the meter body. without removing the body from the insallaton. "This design fcitates in sit inspection and replacement or upeading of caidae ‘The constuction ofa meter with an inerchangeable measurement carrie shal sich hss the performance characteristics spocfed a Section S. are manana insllation the ‘ata in oer mete Bodies af the same manufacture, size adder afer epee Femoral and installation ef the measuremen caridge in the same tet’ body. However slight difeences in geometry trom the body in which the cartidge was calibrate, body ‘wer, cartridge body misllzament or ter infsones may affect te performance of the arrdgeand result in measurement ro. An independent study (Reference 4) was conducted wo assess mesrement error die 10 ‘arrdgechange-out practices. The stay indicates that operating cartes in «body othe than he one in wich it was calbaed can introduce random measurement eros fom & neligfle amount to as much as £035%. Turbine meter users shoul bear in mind tht ‘ulation of mesurement carries on a san-lone his, while convenient and less ‘expensive than caltrating a earige and body a8 «combination, an ad to mssrenent 7 6 Individual Meter Tests 6A Integrity Test ‘The manufacturer stall es the intesity ofall pressure-conaining components for every turbine moter, The fest shall be conducted in compliance withthe appropriate indy Snr, ANSVASME B16. B165, B16.4 or other a applicable) 62 Leakage Tot Every tubiae meter shal be leak-tested by the manufacturer afer Final assembly and pir to shipment 1 the customer of fow-calbvaion facili. The test shall be conducted in ‘compliance withthe appropriate inst standard. In the absence of specifi tnd), its ‘lstonary for manufictrers to cont theta follows. The tet medi sal be & gst, Such as sitogen or aie The ea-est pressure shal be least 10 times the MAOP spd eld fora minimum of fve minutes. To pas this est the meter must ra have detectable leaks. 63 Calibration In order o establish ainfctory poformance characteris, every trbine meter shoul be Calteated ander conditions acceplable Yo. and agecd pen Between the partis to the traneton. For best peTormance, caliration conditions should match the anticipate t= service conditions inluding considerations such as Tui characteristics, operating Psu, ‘expected ow ats, the use of a dediaed meter bod, inet aout piping harass, te otber factors that can affect meter performance. Howeve, imitations on te eapoiliy td avilabiliyof cliaton fcites and the costs esocated with tanspration and testing may result in deisions to calitrate motors under condtons tha, while niente 0 those expected in serves, provide a ressonble approsimaion thereof. Attention 10 replication of the cal inservice parameters described below wil ersure adequate performance fr tos commercial pplication. 631 Calibration Conditions Research (Reference 3) has shown thatthe performance of turbine meters varies with ‘change in lo rate and operating pres There variation ae related fo changes Reynolds number an, in sme cases desi, and are parity spicata fw and imermediteapersting pressures and flow mes” Atenton fo these sues at theme of Calibration is eral for optimal measurement. The following sections provige further [idence inthis esr 6311 Reynolds Number Reynolds number isa dimensionless ratlo of etl to viscous forces in the flow ‘rough the meter that aes ino acsount he flow rate and physi properties of ‘moving Mid Reynolds number can be wo to carelate the cllvation end operating ‘condions of turbine meter ander various low rates, ressues and i yes, “The basi equation for Repos amber Re= pO) M/u wn Reynolds number may also be aeulaed fom ether of the following ferme; Re= 40) /20)(9 2) Re=4(0) (1/2 D0 63) whee Re = Reynolds number ‘pttho) = Density > Meter diameter v ‘Bulk average) velocity of fowing ad ° Volumetie fw rte (ou) Kinematic viscosity mom) = Absolute viscosity ‘The above quantities mus al be determined a the same conditions of temperature snd pressure ‘The relationship between bulk velocity al flowrate is O=avD6 oy ‘The eaionship between absolute and kinematic viscosity and dens is ‘p 6s) ‘A meter calibration cared ut in atest fcliy vera partclar ange of Reyolds ‘numbers charactezss the mete’ perfomance when wed fo measur ps ovr the ‘ame range of Reynolds numbers when the meter isin service, Therefore, the Ke ‘actors estabited during such 2 caltration, in most instnces, can Be sed 10 compute Now measured By the meterin service 6312 Density Reseach (Reference 3) has shown that the performance of seme meter may also be sensitive to variations in gas density. Vatations ia alban ond to be Lt at lower gas densities, Uses with low-pressure, low-flow applications shuld sonst the meter manafacue fr meter performance characterises and aban alien ‘at tte operating density to ensure tat no significant measurement eos ext ‘Additional infomation on density matching fs provised in Appendix. 6313 Calovation Goes ‘The esearch descibed in Reference 3 was condcted using natural gis and ras est medi. In addon, Reference 6 deorbes research that has been conducted 10 ‘ablish th suitability of other gases for cltbaton of turbine meter, Te da Show tat turbine meters ued in rural ps an be effectively elit infest es, and that satisfactory measurement wil sit provided abrasion ir conduct ‘ver the rngs of Reynolds nombre anor density expeted a operating conditions Further infomation on calibration in ltemaivegass ts provide in Appendix 642 Calibration Guidelines ‘As dacused above the expected operating Reynolds number range alr density fora ‘meter neds to be ae nto sccount when designing callaton program. This requires ‘talishng te expestedvangeof flow tts andthe poperts ofthe gas tobe measured fat the intended meter lean. The gas properties may be determined dirty by ‘measurement rt calculation from empirical equations. “Test pins shouldbe select throughout the range of lw aes over which he meter i to boasted, Itmay be delet concert the majry ofthe et pis in he rane ‘ofthe metas beavis expected Usage, Furr information ad sample calculations appearin Appendix E. 622 Calibration Configuration “To minimize rors, meters should he clad inthe same configuration as intended 10 tbe install in servic. However, most es ulies routinely perfonn calibrations in the recommended configuration described in Seton 72. Reseateh (Reference 2) hes shown that ihe eros of meters alate inthis manner will be acceptable when installed nay ofthe configurations descibed In Section 72. For spplicalione ‘with more severe ‘nsalition configurations, he usee should cont he manufacturer or west fly ‘operator fr experimental dato detemine an adequate alban configuration. 4634 Calibration Facies ‘est fies wed for meter cllraton shall be sble to deneastae tzcaility relevant national primary sandards and provide est results tha are comparable to those fom oer sich elit. 625 Callraton Results During caltatin, the appropriate K-ictor(), meter fects. change gears ais and tote factors wl be estblished. The spcale factors willbe estaished for cach output for meters wth moe than one out. Refer to Appendix D for detail infomation and ‘samples of dtenining and applying these factors 635.1 Change Gears For bine meter wih mechanical oupu), nternal gearing i typically usd to aj the rgitation to produce a (erly) finite inleated Volume (23100 eabie ‘et, 10 cube meters et) foreach revoon ofthe ouput shaft. Diving change {ea rts, comprised af to Teplaceable ming geas incorporated within The gear fain permit ajstmens tobe mado to the overall gar rai. While change ger Ses ‘wih many race are valle tino sways posible Yo iastall gears with the ‘cierto need. Tus there may Be sme resi is inthe meters aban ven arth bes avaiable change gears have tee insted. The change gers are sual fend in nompessrzed region ofthe meter at is acct ding

    You might also like