Do An TN Nghien Cuu He Thong Truyen Dan Alcatel Lucent STM-16 Cua VNPT ThuaThienHue

Li ni u
Cng ngh SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierachy) ra i nh du mt

bc pht trin mi trong lnh vc truyn dn ca cc mng Vin thng trn th
gii. SDH v ang mang li cho cc nh khai thc mng mt gii php mng
tng lai vi nhng u th trong vic ghp knh n gin, bng tn truyn dn
rng, tng thch vi cc giao din PDH hin cto ra kh nng qun l mng
mt cch tp trung.
Trn c s k tha nhng c im ca SDH, cng ngh NG-SDH (Next
Generation - SDH) ra i khc phc c nhng hn ch ca mng truyn
dn SDH. p ng nhu cu s dng ngy cng cao ca khch hng, cc hng
cung cp thit b Vin thng, cc nh khai thc Vin thng cng v ang xy
dng mng li truyn dn ca mnh da trn cng ngh NG-SDH.
Xut pht t nhng l do trn, chng ti chn ti cho n tt nghip
ca mnh l: Nghin cu h thng truyn dn SDH Alcatel Lucent STM-16
VNPT Tha Thin Hu c mt ci nhn tng qut nht v cng ngh NGSDH c trin khai v khai thc VNTP Tha Thin Hu.
ti gm c hai phn chnh:
-
Phn I: Nghin cu cu trc ca h thng truyn dn quang, cng

ngh SDH v NG-SDH (Next Generation - SDH).
Phn II: Tm hiu thit b OMSN (Optinex Multi Service Node) da

trn cng ngh NG-SDH ca Alcatel Lucent ang c s dng trn
mng Vin thng ca VNPT Tha Thin Hu, nghin cu su vo thit
b 1660SM vi dung lng STM-16.
Do thi gian v trnh cn hn ch nn n khng th trnh khi

nhng thiu st. Knh mong s ch dn v gp ca tt c cc thy c v qu
bn c.
CC THUT NG VIT TT
ADM
Add/Drop Multiplexer
ATM
Asychronous Transfer Mode
AU
Administrative Unit
AUG
Administrative Unit Group
COADM
Coarse Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer
CONGI
Control & General Interface
CWDM
Coarse WDM
DCC
Data Communication Channel
DCN
Data Communication Network
ECC
Embeded Control Chanel
ECT
Equipment Craft Terminal
EML
Element Management Layer
EOW
Engineering Order Wire Extension
ESCON
Enterprise Systems CONnection
FADs
Functional Access Domains
FDDI
Fiber Distributed Data Interface
FDM
Frequency Division Multiplexing
FEC
Forwarding Equivalent Class
FICON
Fiber CONnectivity
GFP
Generic Framing Procedure
HDLC
High-level Data Link Control
HOCC
Higher Order Cross Connections
ISA
Integrated Service Adapter
ISA PR
Packet Ring card
ISA PR-EA Packet Ring Edge Aggregator card

ISDN
Intergrated Services Digital Network
LAPS
Link Access Protocol SDH
LCAS
Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme
LER
Label Edge Router
LOCC
Lower Order Cross Connections
LSP
Label Switch Path
LSR
Label Switching Router
MPLS
Multi Protocol Label Switching
NADs
Network Access Domains
NE
Network Element
NES
Network Element Synthesis
NML
Network Management Layer
NMS
Network Management System
OMSN
Optinex Multi Service Node
PCM
Pulse Code Modulation
PDH
Plesiochronous Digital Hierachy
PRC
Primary Reference Clock
QoS
Quality of Service
REG
Regeneration
SDH
Synchronous Digital Hierachy
NG SDH Next Generation SDH

SEC
Synchronous Equipment Clock
SERGI
Service General Interface
SETG
Synchronous Equipment Timing Generation
SETS
Synchronous Equipment Timing Source
SLAs
Service Level Agreements
SNCP
SubNetwork Connection Protection
SONET
Synchronous Optical Network
SPF
Small Form Pluggable
SSU
Synchronization Supply Unit
TDM
Time Division Multiplexing
TMN
Telecommunication Management Network
TU
Tributary Unit
TUG
Tributary Unit Group
VC
Virtual Container
VCATVirtual Concatenation
WDM
Wavelength Division Multiplexing
MC LC
Li ni u
CHNG 1. TNG QUAN V H THNG THNG TIN SI QUANG
1.1. Gii thiu v thng tin quang.........................................................................1
1.1.1. Khi qut chung...................................................................................1
1.1.2. Cu trc v cc thnh phn chnh trong tuyn truyn dn quang.........2
1.2. K thut ghp bc sng quang (WDM)....................................................3
1.2.1. Nguyn l c bn ca ghp bc sng quang (WDM)........................3
1.2.2. u im ca cng ngh WDM.............................................................4
1.3. Cc cu trc mng quang............................................................................4
1.3.1. Cu hnh im ni im.......................................................................4
1.3.2. Cu hnh a im..................................................................................5
1.3.3. Cu hnh r nhnh................................................................................5
1.3.4. Cu hnh vng......................................................................................5
1.3.5. Cu hnh a vng..................................................................................6
Chng 2. CNG NGH SDH
2.1. Lch s pht trin ca cc h thng truyn dn...........................................8
2.2. K thut phn cp s cn ng b PDH.....................................................9
2.2.1. Nguyn tc c bn ca PDH................................................................9
2.2.2. Hn ch ca phn cp s cn ng b................................................10
2.3. Cng ngh SDH........................................................................................11
2.3.1. Cc khi nim v SDH.......................................................................11
2.3.2. Cc c im ca SDH.......................................................................12
2.3.3. Phn cp h thng SDH......................................................................14
2.3.4. Cu trc ghp knh SDH....................................................................14
2.3.5. Cc khi chc nng ca b ghp knh SDH......................................15
2.3.6. Cu trc khung STM-1.......................................................................18
2.3.7. Cu trc khung STM-N (N = 4, 16)...................................................20
2.4. Cng ngh NG - SDH...............................................................................21

2.4.1. Hn ch ca cng ngh truyn dn SDH truyn thng.......................21
2.4.2. u im ca SDH th h mi NG-SDH............................................23
2.4.3. Cc cng ngh ca mng NG-SDH....................................................25
2.4.4. Mt s hn ch ca cng ngh NG-SDH........................................31
Chng 3. TNG QUAN V THIT B OMSN
3.1. Gii thiu chung.......................................................................................34
3.2. Cc chc nng ca thit b OMSN............................................................38
3.3. Cc ng dng dch v trn thit b OMSN...............................................39
3.3.1. Dch v Ethernet.................................................................................39
3.3.2. Dch v truyn d liu........................................................................41
3.3.3. Dch v ATM......................................................................................42
3.3.4. Dch v MPLS....................................................................................42
3.3.5. Dch v CWDM.................................................................................44
3.4. H thng qun l trong mng s dng OMSN.........................................45
3.4.1. Cu trc ca h thng qun l............................................................46
3.4.2. Phn mm khai bo u cui 1320CT................................................48
3.4.3. H iu hnh......................................................................................51
Chng 4. CU TRC PHN CNG V NGUYN L HOT NG
CA THIT B 1660SM STM 16
4.1. Cu trc chc nng ca thit b 1660SM STM-16...................................57
4.1.1. Common Card....................................................................................59
4.1.2. Cc Card LS v HS............................................................................61
4.1.3. Cc b khuch i quang....................................................................65
4.1.4. Card ISA.............................................................................................67
4.1.5 Card CWDM.......................................................................................71
4.2. Cc c ch bo v ca thit b 1660SM....................................................73
4.2.1. EPS (Equipment Protection Switching).............................................73
4.2.2 MSP (Multiplexer Section Protection)................................................74
4.2.3 SNCP (Subnet connection Protection)................................................75

4.3. ng b trong thit b 1660SM................................................................76
Chng 5: H THNG TRUYN DN SDH ALCATEL LUCENT STM
16 CA VIN THNG THA THIN HU
5.1. Gii thiu chung.......................................................................................81
5.2. Cu trc mng truyn dn SDH ALCATEL ca Vin thng Tha Thin
Hu................................................................................................................... 82
5.3. Cu trc cc Ring STM-16 v dung lng ca cc ADM........................84
KT LUN V KIN NGH.............................................................................86
CHNG I : TNG QUAN V H THNG THNG TIN
SI QUANG
1.1. Gii thiu v thng tin quang
1.1.1. Khi qut chung
Lu lng thng tin trn Internet ang tng trng vi tc nhanh
chng, cc loi hnh dch v ngy cng a dng, c yu cu tc cao, bng
thng rng. Cc k thut truyn dn bng cp ng v viba s khng th p ng
tt cc yu cu ny.
S ra i ca ca cng ngh truyn dn quang c th xem nh mt bc
ngoc trong vic gii quyt cc yu cu v tc v bng thng cho cc dch v
truyn thng a phng tin. Si quang c bng thng rng, ln ti hng Tbps
nn c th thit lp h thng truyn dn s tc cao, suy hao tn hiu khng
ng k (trung bnh khong 0,2dB/km). Cp si quang hon ton cch in,
khng chu nh hng ca sm st, khng b can nhiu bi trng in t, xuyn
m gia cc si quang khng ng k. Vt liu ch to l SiO 2 sn c trong t
nhin nn gi thnh thp. Vi cc u im vt tri ny, si quang ang c
chn lm phng tin truyn dn hng u trong cc mng ng trc, mng
thnh ph, mng vng v mng truy nhp.
Cng vi si quang, cng ngh ch to cc ngun pht quang v thu
quang to ra h thng thng tin quang vi nhng u im vt tri hn hn so
vi cc h thng thng tin khc, l :
-
Suy hao truyn dn nh.
Bng tn truyn dn ln.
Khng b nh hng ca nhiu in t.
C tnh bo mt thng tin cao.
Kch thc v trng lng nh.
tin cy cao v linh hot.
1.1.2. Cu trc v cc thnh phn chnh trong tuyn truyn dn quang

Trong h thng thng tin quang, tn hiu in t cc thit b u cui khc
nhau c chuyn thnh tn hiu quang thng qua b chuyn i in quang
(E/O). Cc tn hiu quang ny c khuch i vi cng sut ln a vo
mi trng truyn dn l cp si quang. Vi khong cch truyn dn ln, cng
sut ca tn hiu c th suy gim trn ng truyn. Trong trng hp ny cn
phi dng thm cc trm lp b li cng sut b suy gim. u thu, qu
trnh thc hin ngc li so vi u pht, ngha l tn hiu thu c l tn hiu
quang c a qua b chuyn i quang in (O/E) khi phc li nguyn
dng tn hiu in ban u, a n thit b u cui ca bn nhn. Hnh 1.1
di y m t cu trc tng qut ca mt h thng thng tin quang.
thoi
B chuyn i
in quang
d liu
B lp ng dy
O/E
E/O
Fax
Si quang
B chuyn i
quang in
E/O
O/E
Si quang
hnh nh
Hnh 1.1. Minh ha cu trc h thng thng tin quang
Mt c im quan trng ca si quang l rng bng tn, cp si
quang c th truyn tn hiu vi tn s cao hn rt nhiu so vi cp kim loi v
cp ng trc. c im ny cho php cc nh khai thc thc hin cc dch v
truyn thng bng rng hin ang c nhu cu pht trin ln. c bit, vi cng
ngh ghp knh phn chia theo bc sng quang (WDM), nhiu knh tn hiu c
bc sng khc nhau c th truyn dn ng thi trn mt si quang. Cng ngh
WDM cho php khai thc n mc ti a rng bng tn ca si quang, lm
cho dung lng truyn dn trn mi si quang tr nn rt ln.
1.2. K thut ghp bc sng quang (WDM)

1.2.1. Nguyn l c bn ca ghp bc sng quang (WDM)
Trong cc tuyn thng tin quang im ni im thng thng, mi mt si
quang s c mt ngun pht quang pha pht v mt tch sng quang pha
thu. Cc ngun pht quang khc nhau s cho ra cc lung nh sng mang cc tn
hiu khc nhau v pht vo si dn quang xc nh ring bit, b tch sng
quang tng ng s nhn tn hiu t si ny. Nh vy mun tng dung lng h
thng th phi s dng thm si quang. K thut ghp bc sng quang s cho
php ta tng dung lng knh m khng cn tng tc bit ng truyn v
cng khng cn dng thm si dn quang, n thc hin truyn cc lung nh
sng vi cc bc nh sng khc nhau trn cng mt si. u thu c th thc
hin thu cc tn hiu quang ring bit nh qu trnh lc cc bc sng khc nhau
ny.
Hnh 1.2. H thng ghp knh quang WDM

Hnh 1.2 minh ha nguyn l chung ca mt h thng thng tin quang
WDM. Cc ngun tn hiu in ban u S1, S2, , Sn sau khi qua b chuyn i
in/quang c chuyn thnh cc lung tn hiu quang c bc sng khc nhau
(1, 2, , n). Cc tn hiu quang ny c ghp li to thnh mt lung quang
a bc sng nh thit b ghp knh quang (MUX) truyn trn mt si quang.
10
u thu, lung quang a bc sng c a qua b tch knh (DEMUX)

tch thnh cc tn hiu quang vi bc sng khc nhau ban u. Cc tn hiu
quang ny c a qua b chuyn i quang/in khi phc li tn hiu gc
ban u, a n thit b u cui.
1.2.2. u im ca cng ngh WDM
So vi cng ngh truyn dn n knh truyn thng, cng ngh WDM c
u im ni tri nht l tng dung lng truyn dn trn mi si quang ln rt
ln nh tng s knh bc sng trn mi si quang. Hin nay, mng ng trc
ca Vit Nam do Cng ty Vin thng lin tnh ch tr s dng 8 knh bc
sng, dung lng ca mi knh l 10Gbps, nh vy tng dung lng l 80Gbps.
Tuy nhin, h thng ny cho php s dng ti a 32 knh bc sng v tc
ca mi knh c th ln hn. Ngoi ra, vi cc h thng khc, s knh bc
sng c th s dng l 64, 128 hoc ln hn. Cng ngh WDM cng c th trin
khai hoc nng cp h thng trn c s mng quang hin c, gim chi ph u t.
1.3. Cc cu trc mng quang
1.3.1. Cu hnh im ni im
Hnh 1.3. Cu hnh mng im ni im

Cu hnh im ni im bao gm hai thit b ghp u cui (TRM) c
kt ni trc tip hoc qua cc thit b lp hay cn gi l ti sinh (REG) bng mt
cp si quang. V dc theo h thng khng c cc nt trung gian, ch c hai nt
u cui nn dung lng tng thp. Hn na, khi cp b t th thng tin b gin
on.
1.3.2. Cu hnh a im
11
Trong cu hnh ny, ngoi hai nt u cui cn c cc nt ADM nh hnh

1.4
Hnh 1.4. Cu hnh mng a im

Cu hnh a im thch hp cho cc h thng ko di qua cc im dn c
tp trung, ti mt thu bao cao. Cu hnh ny khng nhng c s dng
trn mng quc gia, m c trn mng quc t
1.3.3. Cu hnh r nhnh
Cu hnh r nhnh cng l cu hnh a im. Ch khc cu hnh a im
ch c thm t nht mt nt r nhnh nh hnh 1.5.
Hnh 1.5. Cu hnh mng r nhnh

Ti im r nhnh, tn hiu STM-(m< N) c kt ni sang mt hng khc
to thnh mt nhnh ca h thng chnh.
1.3.4. Cu hnh vng
Cu hnh vng (ring) bao gm ti thiu ba nt ADM kt ni vi nhau bi
mt cp si quang to thnh mt vng kn nh hnh 1.6. V vy cu hnh ny cn
gi l cu hnh kn phn bit vi cu hnh h trnh by trn y.
12
Hnh 1.6. Cu hnh mng Ring

Cu hnh vng (Ring) c kt ni vi nhau qua 2 si hoc 4 si quang.
Cu hnh vng c kh nng duy tr mng (hay cn gi l t phc hi) khi t cp
ti mt im bt k hoc hng mt ADM bt k bng cch chuyn mch bo v.
1.3.5. Cu hnh a vng
C th kt ni nhiu vng vi nhau qua cc ADM hoc qua nt ni cho
s to thnh mng a vng (hnh 1.7). Cu hnh ny c s dng nhiu trong
thc t, bi v p ng c nhu cu pht trin cc dch v vin thng trn mt
vng a l rng ln khng ch bao gm mt quc gia m nhiu quc gia.
Hnh 1.7. Cu hnh mng a vng
13
Mng a vng c kh nng t phc hi trong trng hp trn mi vng

cp b t ti mt im bt k hoc hng mt nt, tr nt kt ni hai vng.
14
CHNG 2: CNG NGH SDH

2.1. Lch s pht trin ca cc h thng truyn dn
Nh bit, mng in thoi ngy nay pht trin da trn c ch truyn
ting ni gia cc my in thoi, bng vic truyn tn hiu tng t trong cc
cp ng xon i v ghp knh phn chia tn s FDM; dng trong cc tuyn
ng di kt hp truyn nhiu knh thoi trong mt cp ng trc.
Vo u nhng nm 1970, cc h thng truyn dn s bt u xut hin s
dng phng thc iu ch xung m PCM. PCM cho php truyn tn hiu tng
t dng nh phn. S dng phng thc ny, tn hiu thoi tng t chun 4
kHz c th truyn di dng lung tn hiu s 64 kbit/s.
Cc nh k thut nhn thy kh nng h gi thnh sn xut cc h thng
truyn dn bng cch kt hp mt s knh PCM v truyn chng trong mt i
cp ng xon m trc y ch dng truyn mt tn hiu tng t duy nht.
Phng thc ghp nhiu knh 64 kbit/s thnh mt lung bit tc cao duy
nht cn c gi l ghp knh phn chia thi gian TDM. Mt cch n gin,
mi byte ca mi knh u vo theo th t c a xung knh tc cao
u ra. Qu trnh x l ny cn c gi l chn byte tun t.
chu u v sau l rt nhiu ni trn th gii, s TDM chun c
s dng ghp 30 knh 64 kbit/s, cng vi 2 knh iu khin kt hp to thnh
mt knh c tc 2,048 Mbit/s. Do nhu cu s dng in thoi tng ln, knh
chun tc 2 Mbit/s khng cho lu lng ti trn mng trung k. trnh
khng phi s dng qu nhiu kt ni 2 Mbit/s th cn to ra mt mc ghp knh
cao hn. Chu u a ra chun ghp 4 knh 2 Mbit/s thnh mt knh 8 Mbit/s.
Tip do nhu cu s dng ngy cng tng, cc mc ghp knh cao hn na
c xy dng thnh chun, to ra mt phn cp y cc tc bit l 34
Mbit/s, 140 Mbit/s v 565 Mbit/s.
15
Cng vi pht trin phn cp truyn dn s chu u, khu vc Bc M

cng pht trin phn cp ring ca mnh. S dng nguyn tc chung nh nhau,
nhng phn cp Bc M khc phn cp chu u ch tc bit ca n thp
hn, l 1,5 Mbit/s, 6 Mbit/s v 45 Mbit/s. Tuy nhin, khc bit ny lm cho
lin kt hot ng gia 2 phn cp tr nn phc tp v tn km.
2.2 K thut phn cp s cn ng b PDH
2.2.1 Nguyn tc c bn ca PDH
Khi ghp cc knh 2 Mbit/s, tn hiu cc knh c pht ra t cc thit b
khc nhau, tc bit khng hon ton nh nhau. Do vy, trc khi ghp knh,
tc ca chng c a v mt tc bit duy nht bng cch b sung thm
cc bit thng tin gi l cc bit chn. Khi tch knh, cc bit chn c nhn
dng v loi b ch cn li tn hiu ban u. Qu trnh x l ny gi l thao tc
cn ng b.
Hnh 2.1. Nguyn tc ghp knh PDH

Qu trnh ghp knh t tc thp ln tc cao nh m t trn xy ra
mi mc phn cp ghp knh, cc bit b sung c b sung tng mc mt.
Vic p dng c ch cn ng b trn ton b phn cp hnh thnh thut ng
phn cp s cn ng b, vit tt l PDH.
16
V tiu chun tc bit PDH, hin nay trn th gii c 3 tiu chun: chu
u, Bc M v Nht Bn. Cc tiu chun ny c trnh by di dng phn cp
s cn ng b nh hnh 2.2.
Chu u
Hnh 2.2. Cc mc truyn dn ca PDH

2.2.2 Hn ch ca phn cp s cn ng b
Mng PDH ch yu p ng cc dch v in thoi, i vi cc dch v mi
nh: mng ISDN, truyn d liu, dch v in thoi truyn hnh th mng
PDH kh c th p ng c.
Mng PDH khng linh hot trong vic kt ni cc lung lin tc. Khi c nhu
cu rt lung t mt lung c dung lng ln th phi qua cc cp trung
gian h tc t cao xung thp tng ng, cng nh vic ghp lung
cng phi tri qua y cc cp t tc thp ln tc cao. iu ny r
rng l khng mm do, khng thun tin cho vic kt ni, cn phi c cc
cp thit b gii ghp lung do khng tit kim v kh thc hin, ng
thi i hi nhiu thit b phc tp.
Cc thng tin v bo tr khng c lin kt trn ton tuyn thng tin m ch
i vi tng on truyn dn ring l. Th tc bo tr cho ton tuyn phc
tp.
17
Cha c tiu chun chung cho thit b ng dy, cc nh sn xut mi ch c

tiu chun c trng cho ring thit b ca h.
H thng PDH thiu cc phng tin gim st, o th t xa m ch tin hnh
ngay ti ch.
2.3 Cng ngh SDH
2.3.1 Cc khi nim v SDH
Song song bn cnh cc dch v v thoi, ngy nay ngi ta pht trin
thm nhiu loi hnh dch v mi quan trng nh l telefax, truyn dn data,
truyn dn video trong cht lng v kh nng p ng cc yu cu v
bng tn hoc cc giao tip tng thch lun lun ng mt vai tr quan trng
hng u.
tho mn cc yu cu trn, ngnh vin thng cn phi c cc thay i
cn thit p ng kp thi.
-
Thi gian thit lp lung truyn dn ngn, dung lng tho mn theo
mi yu cu.
Tng cng kh nng sn sng phc v cc mng vin thng.
Gi thnh thit lp mng phi thp, chi ph dnh cho cc khong khai
thc, bo dng phi gim.
C kh nng quc t ho dch v.
Cc h thng PDH pht trin khng p ng c cc nhu cu trn do

phi c mt th h truyn dn mi trn th gii. K thut SDH ra i to mt
cuc cch mng trong ngnh vin thng, th hin mt k thut tin tin c th
p ng rng ri cc yu cu ca cc thu bao, ngi khai thc cng nh cc nh
sn xut tho mn cc yu cu i hi t ra cho ngnh vin thng, khc phc
cc nhc im ca th h PDH m chng ta ang s dng hin nay.
18
Trong tng lai h thng ng b SDH s ngy cng pht trin mnh nh
cc u im vt tri so vi PDH v mt im quan trng l SDH c kh nng
kt hp vi PDH trong mng li hin ti, n cho php thc hin vic hin i
ho dn dn theo tng giai on pht trin.
Thng 11 nm 1988, trn c s tiu chun ca SONET v xt n cc tiu
chun khc Chu u, Bc M v Nht Bn, ITU-T a ra tiu chun quc
t v cng ngh truyn dn theo phn cp s ng b SDH dng cho truyn dn
cp quang v vi ba. Cc tiu chun ca SDH c ITU-T ban hnh trong cc
khuyn ngh sau y.
G.702 - S lng mc trong phn cp s ng b.
G.707 - Cc tc bit ca SDH.
G.708 - Giao din nt mng SDH.
G.709 - Cu trc ghp ng b.
G.773 - Giao thc ph hp vi giao din Q.
G.774 - M hnh thng tin qun l SDH.
G.782 - Cc kiu v cc c tnh ch yu ca thit b ghp SDH.
G.784 - Qun l SDH.
G.803 - Cu trc mng truyn dn SDH.
G.825 - iu khin rung pha v tri pha trong mng thng tin SDH.
G.957 - Cc giao din quang ca cc thit b v h thng lin quan n
SDH.
G.958 - H thng truyn dn SDH s dng cho cp si quang.
2.3.2 Cc c im ca SDH
So vi PDH th SDH c cc u im c bn sau y.
- Trong PDH vic ghp knh c tin hnh ti mi cp, qu trnh ghp
phi ln lt qua cc mc trung gian t 2 n 140 Mbit/s. Vic truy cp trc tip
n mt lung 2 Mbit/s trong mt lung 140 Mbit/s l khng th thc hin c.
19
i vi SDH th u im ni bt hn l n gin ho mng li, linh hot trong

s dng khai thc. Khc vi PDH, trong mng SDH qu trnh ghp knh ch
thc hin qua mt giai on, do vic tch mt knh 2 Mbit/s trong mt lung
tc cao l n gin. Hn na vic s dng phn mm trong qun l bo
dng lm cho vic vn hnh v qun l mng li n gin hn nhiu.
- Trong SDH tc bit ln hn 140 Mbit/s ln u tin c tiu chun
ho trn phm vi ton th gii.
- Chun ho: Vi cc chun SDH, thit b truyn dn ca cc nh sn xut
khc nhau c th hot ng trn cng mt tuyn. Vic chun ho cc thit b v
giao din SDH cho php cc nh khai thc mng t do la chn thit b ca cc
hng sn xut khc nhau m vn m bo l chng s cng hot ng tt. Cc
chun SDH cng to ra kh nng hot ng qua li gia cc phn cp truyn dn
chu u v Bc M.
- Tc bit v cu trc khung ca cp cao hn c to thnh t tc
bit v cu trc khung ca lung c bn cp thp hn do vic tch ghp lung
thng tin d dng.
- C cc knh ring cho gim st, qun l, o th hoc iu khin trong
phn mng qun l.
- Tt c cc tn hiu SDH c tc thp hn 140 Mbit/s u c th ghp
c vo cp SDH thp nht l STM-1 c tc l 155 Mbit/s.
Bn cnh , h thng SDH cng c nhng nhc im sau:
-
K thut phc tp hn.
ng h phi cung cp t ngoi.
Truyn d tha v thiu mc 8 Mbit/s.
2.3.3 Phn cp h thng SDH

Cc cp
Tc
Cc lung PDH to thnh
20
Truyn dn
STM-1
Truyn dn
155.520 Mbit/s
63 Lung 2 Mbit/s; 3 lung 34 Mbit/s

STM-4
622.080 Mbit/s

STM-16
2.488.320 Mbit/s

STM-64
9.853.280 Mbit/s

2.3.4 Cu trc ghp knh SDH
Hnh 2.3. Cu trc ghp knh SDH

2.3.5 Cc khi chc nng ca b ghp knh SDH
Cc ngn cha (Container) C-n:
21
L n v nh nht trong khung truyn dn, cha cc lung tn hiu truyn

dn cp thp nh l cc lung PDH, lung s liu C cc loi Container khc
nhau c s dng tng thch vi cc tc truyn dn khc nhau.
K hiu
Tc truyn dn
Container
(Mbit/s)
C11
1.544
C12
2.048
C2
6.312
C3
44.736 & 34.368
C4
139.264
Bng 2.1. Cc loi Container
D liu c ghp vo Container theo nguyn l xen bit hoc xen byte. Cc
Container gm c:
-
Cc byte thng tin.
Cc bit hoc byte nhi c nh trong khung khng mang ni dung

thng tin m ch s dng tng thch tc bit ca tn hiu PDH
c ghp vi tc bit Container cp cao hn.
Ngoi ra cn c cc byte nhi khng c nh t c s ng

chnh mt cch chnh xc. Khi cn thit cc byte ny c th s dng
cho cc byte d liu. Trong trng hp ny trong khung cn c cc bit
nhi thng bo cho u thu bit cc byte ny c th l byte d liu
hoc cc byte nhi.
Cc gi o VC-n:
Mi gi o l mt cu trc dng trao i thng tin mc truyn dn
trong SDH. Mt VC l s kt hp ca Container C vi POH (VC = C + POH)
to thnh mt khung hon chnh truyn n u thu. Chc nng ca POH l
22
mang thng tin b tr, gim st v bo tr ng truyn ng thi thng bo v tr

m Container s truyn n.
C 2 loi gi o VC c nh ngha nh sau:
-
Gi o cp thp: Tt c cc Container khi c ghp vo Container ln

hn th c gi l Container cp thp tng ng vi gi o cp thp,
l VC-11, VC-12, VC-2 v VC-3.
Gi o cp cao: Tt c cc Container c truyn trc tip trong khung

STM-1 th c gi l Container cp cao tng ng vi gi o cp cao,
l VC-4 v trong trng hp VC-3 c truyn trc tip vo khung
STM-1.
K hiu
Kch thc
cc VC
Tn hiu PDH
VC-11
25 byte d liu cng vi 1 byte POH
1,5 Mbit/s
VC-12
2 Mbit/s
VC-2
6,312 Mbit/s
34,368 Mbit/s
VC-3
VC-4
44,768 Mbit/s
139,264 Mbit/s
Bng 2.2. Cc loi VC

n v lung TU-n:
TU = VC + PTR (Pointer)
Trc khi sp xp vo khung STM-1, cc VC cp thp s c ghp vo
mt VC cp cao hn. to ra cc pha ca cc VC, ngi ta dng PTR ghp
theo vo VC ti mt v tr c nh trong VC v thng bo s bt u ca VC
.
Cu trc ca cc TU:
23
TU-11 = VC-11 + PTR

TU-12 = VC-12 + PTR
TU-2 = VC-2 + PTR
TU-3 = VC-3 + 3 byte PTR
Nhm n v lung TUG:
TUG l nhm cc TU c ghp li theo phng thc ghp xen byte
to thnh cc tn hiu s c tc cao hn, chuyn n cc VC bc cao hn. C
hai loi TUG: l TUG-2 v TUG-3 vi cc thng s nh sau:
Cc loi TUG TUG-2
Kch thc
Tc
TUG-3
108 Byte
774 byte
6,912 Mbit/s
45,536 Mbit/s
Bng 2.3. Cc loi TUG

Cc n v qun l AU-n:
Cc AU bao gm cc gi o VC cp cao cng vi PTR
AU = VC cp cao + PTR
Trong trng hp ny, cc gi tr ca con tr AU (AU-PTR) c gn
trong khung STM-1 ghi nhn mi quan h v pha gia khung truyn dn v
cc VC tng ng. Cc byte AU-PTR c gn khng c nh vo trong 9 byte
u tin ca hng th t trong khung STM-1 c chc nng nh du cc AU.
Tuy nhin cn phi lu rng, cc AU-PTR ca AU-3 v AU-4 l khc nhau.
Nhm n v qun l AUG:
Nhiu AU c ghp vi nhau theo phng thc ghp xen byte to thnh
mt AUG. Cu trc AUG gm 9 x 261 + 9 byte, ging nh cu trc khung STM1 khi cha c SOH.
2.3.6. Cu trc khung STM-1
24
STM-1 = AUG + SOH

Khung STM-1 c cu trc nh hnh 2.4
Hnh 2.4. Cu trc khung STM-1

Khung STM-1 gm 9 hng x 270 ct (9 x 270 byte) v c truyn theo
nguyn tc t tri sang phi, t trn xung di. Cu trc khung STM-1 gm 3
phn chnh:
Phn mo u SOH: c chia lm 2 phn l phn mo u on lp
RSOH chim 3 hng 9 ct v phn mo u on ghp MSOH chim 5
hng 9 ct.
Con tr AU-4 PTR ghp vo hng 4, ct 1 n ct 9.
Trng tin (Payload): c 9 hng v 261 ct dng truyn tin SDH.
Tng s byte trong khung STM-1: 270 9 = 2430 byte
Khung STM-1 c truyn dn 8000 ln/s l tc bit s dng cho tn hiu
PCM. Chiu di mi khung l 125s do c tc bit l:
8000 Khung /s 2340 byte/khung 8 bit/byte = 155,520 Mbit/s.
y chnh l tc bit mc 1 ca SDH.
Mun to thnh khung STM-1 c th s dng mt trong s cc phng php sau
y:
25
(1) Ghp 1 lung nhnh 139,264 Mbit/s.

(4) Ghp 1 lung nhnh 34,368 Mbit/s v 42 lung nhnh 2,048 Mbit/s.
(5) Ghp 2 lung nhnh 34,368 Mbit/s v 21 lung nhnh 2,048 Mbit/s.
2.3.6.1. Sp xp cc lung nhnh 140 Mbit/s vo khung STM-1
Qu trnh sp xp lung tn hiu PDH 140 Mbit/s vo khung STM-1 c
cho hnh 2.5.
Hnh 2.5. Sp xp lung nhnh 139,264 Mbit/s vo khung STM-1

2.3.6.2. Sp xp lung nhnh 34 Mbit/s vo khung STM-1
cho hnh 2.6.
Hnh 2.6. Sp xp lung nhnh 34,368 Mbit/s vo khung STM-1

2.3.6.3. Sp xp 63 lung nhnh 2,048 Mbit/s vo khung STM-1
26

cho hnh 2.7.
Hnh 2.7. Qu trnh ghp 63 lung 2,048 Mbit/s vo STM-1

2.3.7 Cu trc khung STM-N (N = 4, 16)
Cu trc khung STM-N (vi N = 4 hoc N = 16) ging nh cu trc khung
STM-1, l mc truyn dn cp cao ca SDH, t c bng cch ghp STM-1
theo nguyn l ghp xen byte to thnh cc mc sau:
- STM-4 c tc truyn dn l 155,520 4 = 622,08 Mbit/s.
- STM-16 c tc truyn dn l 155,520 16 = 2.448,32 Mbit/s.
To khung STM-16 t STM-1
Hnh 2.8. To khung STM-16 t 16 STM-1.

Ngoi ra c c STM-16 ta cng c th ghp 4 STM-4 vi nhau theo
phng thc ghp tng byte mt.(hnh 2.9)
27
Hnh 2.9. To khung STM-16 t STM-4.
2.4. Cng ngh NG-SDH

2.4.1. Hn ch ca cng ngh truyn dn SDH truyn thng
SDH truyn thng l cng ngh TDM c ti u ho truyn ti cc
lu lng dch v thoi. Khi truyn ti cc lu lng da trn nn IP, cc mng
s dng cng ngh SDH truyn thng gp phi mt s hn ch sau:
- Lin kt cng: Do cc tuyn kt ni gia hai im kt ni c xc lp
c nh, c bng tn khng i, thm ch khng c lu lng i qua hai im ny
th bng thng ny cng khng th c ti s dng truyn ti lu lng ca
kt ni khc dn ti khng s dng hiu qu bng thng ca mng. Cch xc lp
kt ni cng nh vy lm gii hn bng thng ti a khi truyn d liu i qua hai
im kt ni, y l mt hn ch c bn ca mng SDH truyn thng khi truyn
28
ti dch v IP, do cc dch v ny c c im thng c s bng n v nhu cu

lu lng mt cch ngu nhin.
- Lng ph bng thng khi s dng cu hnh Mesh (mt li): Khi mng
SDH thit lp cc lin kt logic to ra cu trc mesh, bng thng ca vng
(ring) buc phi chia cho cc lin kt logic. Vic nh tuyn phn chia lu lng
nh vy khng nhng rt phc tp m cn lm lng ph rt ln bng thng ca
mng. Khi nhu cu lu lng truyn trong ni b mng MAN tng ln, vic thit
lp thm cc node, duy tr v nng cp mng tr nn ht sc phc tp.
- Cc lu lng truyn d liu qung b: Trong cc Ring SDH, vic truyn
ti cc d liu qung b ch c th thc hin c khi pha pht v tt c cc
im thu u c xc lp kt ni logic. Cc gi tin qung b c sao chp
li thnh nhiu bn v gi n tng im ch dn ti vic phi truyn nhiu ln
cng mt gi tin trn vng ring. iu ny gy lng ph ln i vi bng thng
ca mng.
- Lng ph bng thng cho vic bo v mng: Thng thng i vi cc
mng SDH, 50% bng thng ca mng c dnh cho vic d phng cho mng.
Mc d vic d phng ny l ht sc cn thit nhng cc cng ngh SDH truyn
thng khng cung cp kh nng cho php nh cung cp dch v la chn bng
thng s dng cho vic d phng cc s c.
Ngoi ra, khi s dng mng SDH truyn thng truyn cc lu lng
Ethernet, ngoi cc hn ch trn th cn mt yu t na l tc ca Ethernet
khng tng ng vi SDH. iu ny dn n phi thit lp cc tuyn kt ni
ca mng SDH c tc cao hn so vi ca dch v Ethernet, iu ny li l
nguyn nhn lm gim hiu qu s dng bng thng ca mng li. Bng 2.4 m
t hiu sut s dng bng thng khi truyn dch v Ethernet qua mng.
Bng 2.4. Hiu sut s dng bng thng khi truyn dch v Ethernet qua mng
29
SONET
SDH
Tc
truyn
Hiu sut s dng

bng thng
10 Mbps
STS-1
VC-3
48,4 Mbps
21%
100Mbps
STS-3c
VC-4
150 Mbps
67%
1 Gbps
STS-28c
VC-4 - 16C
2,4 Gbps
42%
Ethernet
2.4.2. SDH th h mi: NG-SDH

SDH th h mi l thut ng m t tnh k tha v pht trin da trn
nhng tiu chun hnh thnh t mng SDH sn c, c cc nh cung cp dch
v ng di s dng u tin nh mt cch h tr cc dch v mi nh
Ethernet, Fibre Channel, ESCON v DVB (Bng 2.5), SDH th h mi cho php
truyn d liu bng thng rng vi tc cao hn trong iu kin ti chnh gii
hn.
Bng 2.5. Bng so snh gia GE v FC

Gigabit Ethernet
Fiber Channel
ng dng
Mng s liu
SAN, Audio/Video, s liu
Tc truyn
1.25Gbit/s
1.06Git/s, 2.12Gbit/s, 10Gbit/s
Kch thc khung
Thay i, 0 1.5kB
Thay i, 1 2 kB
Cc kt ni nh hng
Khng
S bng n ca Ethernet trong cc mng LAN do tnh n gin v hiu

qu ca n. Cc tc truyn Ethernet chun nh 10/100/1000 Mbit/s v
30
10Gbit/s hin din trong mng MAN. Do Ethernet hot ng da trn nguyn
tc ti u, d gy ra vic truyn ti s liu khng c m bo, nn to ra lo
lng rng Ethernet khng p ng y cc yu cu v cht lng dch v, tnh
bo mt, tnh d tha v kh nng khi phc cho c lu lng thoi v s liu.
Mc d Ethernet Gigabit cung cp mt khung chun chung t ngi dng
ti ng trc, nhng cng cn c thm mt cng ngh thc hin chc nng nh
mt dch v truyn dn lu tr, truyn ti dch v d liu th, m thanh, hnh
nh c lp v giao thc. Fiber Channel c thit k loi b nhiu tr ngi
v hot ng trc y tn ti trong cc mng LAN truyn thng. Cc knh
ang cung cp ph hp vi cng ngh Gigabit cho iu khin, t qun l v tin
cy ti khong cch ln ti 10km.
Hnh 2.10. S truyn dn lu lng Ethernet qua mng SDH

Tuy nhin, khi Fiber Channel ri b mng SAN v tng tc vi SDH,
vic mt gi v cc li s xy ra. Mc d c ch TCP h tr sa cc li ny,
nhng s tr v gim bng thng li gy ra cc vn v hiu nng.
Mng SDH th h mi nng cao tnh hu dng trong mng SDH hin c
bi vic tn dng c ch mng lp 1 hin c cng vi vic b sung cc cng
ngh nh: kt chui o VC (Virtual Concatenation), th tc to khung chung
GFP (Generic Framing Procedure) v s iu chnh dung lng lin kt
31
LCAS (Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme). M hnh cu trc SDH th h mi

nh m t trn hnh 2.11.
Hnh 2.11. Khi qut v m hnh cu trc SONET/SDH

2.4.3. Cc cng ngh ca mng NG-SDH
2.4.3.1. Kt chui o VCAT
Phng php ghp ni truyn thng c nh ngha trong G.707 l thut
ng k nhau (contiguous). Ngha l cc container k cn c kt hp li v
truyn qua mng SDH nh l mt container tng. Hn ch ca ghp ni k nhau
l tt c cc node mng l thnh phn ca ng truyn phi c kh nng nhn ra
v x l container c ghp ni v thiu tnh mm do ca vic s dng bng
thng lm cho truyn d liu khng c hiu qu.
VCAT sp xp cc container c lp vo trong mt lin kt ghp ni o.
Bt k cc s container c th nhm li c vi nhau cung cp linh hot
ca bng thng tt hn so vi cch ghp ni truyn thng. Hn na VCAT cn
cho php cc nh khai thc mng iu chnh c dung lng truyn theo dch
v ca khch hng yu cu t c hiu qu s dng tt hn. Bi v cc
node mng trung gian x l mi container trong tuyn bng mt chun container dng ghp ni, do vy ch cn cc thit b ti im gc v kt cui
ca ng dn nhn ra v x l cc cc cu trc tn hiu VCAT. iu ny c
ngha l mi tuyn c th thc hin ng dn ring ca n qua mng do s
dn n s khc nhau v pha gia cc container n ti thit b kt cui ca
ng dn nn yu cu thit b c b m cho tr.
Ngy nay cc ti trng truyn dn i vi SDH l STM-0/1/4/16 v STM64. V d dch v 1 Gbit/s hin thi c truyn dn qua knh STM-16. Trong
trng hp ny, hiu qu ca dung lng ng truyn l 42%. Bng 2.6 a ra
so snh hiu qu s dng cc dch v khi c v khng dng VCAT. Nhm VC-4-
32
7v l mt nhm ghp ni o VCATG (VCAT Group), trong VC-4 l c

nh ngha trong SDH v 7v l s phn t trong nhm, s tng ln hiu qu s
dng bng thng l 85%.
Dch v
Hiu qu s dng
Hiu qu s dng
Ethernet (10 Mbit)
VC-3 --> 20%
VC-12-5v --> 92%
Fast Ethernet (100 Mbit)
VC-4 --> 67%
VC-12-47v --> 100%
ESCON (200 MByte)
VC-4-4c --> 33%
VC-3-4v --> 100%
Fibre Channel (1 Gbit)
VC-4-16c --> 33%
VC-4-6v --> 89%
Gigabit Ethernet (1Gbit)
VC-4-16c --> 42%
VC-4-7v --> 85%
Bng 2.6. So snh hiu qu s dng cc dch v khi c v khng dng VCAT
Cc tham s yu cu i vi VCAT l b ch th a khung MFI (MultiFrame Indicator) v s th t SQ (Sequence Number). Bi v cc phn t ca
VCATG c th i qua mng vi nhiu ng dn khc nhau, chng khng n
cng ch cng mt lc nn gy ra tr gia cc container. loi b tr khc
nhau ny v m bo vic tch hp cc container trong nhm, s th t SQ c
gn vi mi phn t. MFI c th pht hin cc tr khc nhau gia cc phn t
ca VCATG.
u im khi s dng VCAT:
- Hiu qu: Cc knh VCAT c nh tuyn c lp thng qua mng
SDH v sau c nhm li ti node ch, do vy loi tr c vic tc nghn
v s dng hiu qu bng thng.
- C kh nng m rng: Phng php ghp ni lin k truyn thng theo
cc bc c nh, trong khi VCAT cho php bng thng thay i ph hp vi s
tng gim nh ca nhu cu. Da trn tc d liu mong mun, cc knh VCAT
33
c th thay i ph hp vi bng thng s dng v trnh c s lng ph

bng thng.
- Tnh tng tch: Ch c cc node ngun v ch cn nhn ra VCAT, cc
node cn li ca mng SDH trong mng khng cn bit v cc nhm ghp ni o
ny. Do VCAT c truyn thng trong mng SDH v lm vic trn cc mng
c sn.
- Duy tr dch v: Trong cc nhm VCAT, mi knh c th c nh
tuyn khc nhau trn mng, nu mt knh c s c, cc knh khc vn lm vic
bnh thng. Do nu mt lin kt b s c th ch c mt knh nhnh trong
nhm VCAT b mt nhng lin kt d liu vn tip tc cung cp dch v vi bng
thng b gim xung
2.4.3.2 Th tc to khung chung GFP
Th tc to khung chung (GFP) l mt c ch to khung cc tn hiu client
v sp xp cc tn hiu dng khung ny vo trong mt lung s ca mng
truyn dn SDH. GFP l mt giao thc thch ng cung cp mt c ch sp xp
cc kiu lung bit khc nhau mt cch linh hot vo trong knh SDH. C ch
thch ng da trn vic to khung v cho php a phn on ca knh vt l
vo trong cc khung c kch thc c nh hoc thay i c. Cc tn hiu ca
client c th l theo kiu gi (nh l IP/PPP hoc Ethernet) hoc theo kiu cc
khi m ho (nh l FC).
K thut ng gi nh GFP phi c s dng tng thch vi d liu
khng ng b, thay i nhanh v kch thc cc khung thay i trc khi lu
lng d liu nh IP/PPP, Ethernet MAC, FC, ESCON v FICON c truyn i
qua cc mng SDH. GFP lm thch ng mt lung d liu trn nn mt khung
n lung d liu nh hng byte bng cch sp xp cc dch v khc nhau vo
mt khung mc ch chung sau khung ny c sp xp vo trong cc khung
SDH bit. Cu trc khung ny c u im hn vic pht hin v sa li v
34
cung cp hiu qu s dng bng thng ln hn so vi cc th tc ng gi truyn

thng.
Hnh 2.12. Cu trc khung GFP

Bn thnh phn trong khung GFP l: mo u (core header), mo u ti
tin (payload header), thng tin ca ti tin (payload information) v trng tu
chn pht hin li (FCS).
- Core header nh ngha chiu di khung v pht hin li CRC.
- Payload header nh ngha kiu thng tin c truyn, cc khung qun
l hoc cc khung khch hng cng nh ni dung ti tin.
- Client payload information nh ngha ti tin thc t c chuyn i.
- Tu chn FCS pht hin li.
Hin nay c hai kiu tng thch client c nh ngha i vi GFP:
- GFP c ng khung (framed) GFP-F: mt khung d liu c c
thu v sp xp vo trong mt khung GFP m khng c overhead kt
hp.
- GFP trong sut (transparent) GFP-T: Cc m khi tn hiu d liu c
sp xp vo trong cc khung tun hon c chiu di c xc nh
trc v c pht tc thi m khng i ton b khung d liu.
35
Bng 2.6 a ra so snh GFP-F v GFP-T.

Kiu giao
thc
M t
ng dng
Dch v c sp xp theo kiu khung Fast

khung vo trong khung GFP.
GFP-F
Ethernet,
Giga
Ethernet, IP
Mo u ti thiu.
Chiu di khung GFP thay i.
Dch v c sp xp theo kiu bye FC,FICON,
byte vo trong khung GFP
GFP-T
ESCON,
Ethernet
Ti u ho tr truyn dn.
Chiu di khung khng i.
Bng 2.7. So snh GFP-F v GFP-T
Tu vo dch v c truyn i th s s dng theo kiu GFP no, tuy

nhin ngy nay Ehernet l tn hiu c nh ngha trong GFP-F. GFP-T sp xp
bt k d liu no bao gm Ethernet, FC v ESCON. Cc dch v c sp xp
qua GFP-F dng s lng overhead t nht m bo hiu qu s dng bng
thng tt nht, trong khi u tin ca cc dch v ny c sp xp qua
GFP-T l nhanh, truyn ti hiu qu d liu.
Hn na GFP l mt c ch thch ng, cn c cc phng php khc:
Giao thc truy cp lin kt LAPS (the Link Access Protocol) v iu khin lin
kt d liu mc cao HDLC (High-level Data Link Control) l hai c ch to
khung c u th hn. Tuy nhin GFP h tr a dch v v c tnh mm do v
vy n c th dng trong vic t hp vi u cui mng truyn dn quang.
36
2.4.3.3. S iu chnh dung lng lin kt LCAS

Gn y ngi ta a ra s iu chnh dung lng lin kt LCAS (Link
Capacity Adjustment Scheme) dng gia hai phn t mng c kt ni n giao
din khch hng n mng SDH truyn thng. LCAS l mt phn m rng ca
VCAT nh c nh ngha trong chun G.704/Y.1305 ca ITU, LCAS cho php
thay i ng cc knh trong s cc knh ca SDH trong mt nhm VCAT. Mi
byte H4/K4 truyn i mt gi iu khin bao gm thng tin lin quan n VCAT
v cc tham s ca giao thc LCAS.
Bng vic xc nh thnh phn no ca mt VCATG c kch hot v
chng c s dng nh th no, LCAS cho php thit b pha xut pht thay i
linh hot s cc container trong mt nhm c ghp ni p ng vi s thay
i thi gian thc trong yu cu s dng bng thng. S tng gim bng thng
truyn c th t c m khng nh hng n dch v. Cc bn tin bo hiu
ca LCAS c trao i gia cc node u cui thng qua overhead ca SDH
thay i s cc lung nhnh hoc cc cc phn t ca mt nhm VCAT. S cc
phn t ca mt nhm VCAT c th c tng ln v gim xung m khng b
mt khung. Khi mt s c c pht hin mt knh thnh phn, thng lng s
thp hn m khng xy ra vic mt hon ton lu lng. iu ny t c bng
cch m bo rng cc knh b s c ca mt nhm VCAT b loi b trong khi
cc knh ca nhm VCAT cn li tip tc mang lu lng. Do vy cc knh
c pht hin v loi b t ng t nhm VCAT.
Cc tham s sau trong gi iu khin c lin quan i vi giao thc
LCAS:
-
Lnh iu khin CTRL (Control) ng b ngun v ch v cc thng

tin truyn ti lu n trng thi ca cc thnh phn c lp trong mt
VCATG.
37
Nhn dng ngun GID (Source Identifier) bo cho u thu VCATG no

c phn t thc t no thuc v n.
Nhn bit s sp xp li RS-Ack (Resequence Acknowledgement)

thng bo cho pha ngun bit u thu nhn s thay i bt u.
Trng thi thnh vin MST (Member Status) chuyn i trng thi ca
lin kt t thit b nhn n ngun i vi mi thnh phn c lp ca
VCATG (OK=0, FAIL=1).
Bo v li CRC pht hin li v b cc gi iu khin b li i vi

mi thnh phn ca VCATG.
Hnh 2.13. Khun dng trng iu khin LCAS/VCAT

2.4.4. Mt s hn ch ca cng ngh NG-SDH
2.4.4.1. Hn ch ca VCAT
V mt l thuyt, c hai hn ch: th nht l c s gii hn s ti a ca
cc knh thnh phn trong mt nhm VCAT c xc nh bi SQ nm trong
byte H4 ca POH ca SDH. i vi ng dn bc cao (VC-3, VC-4) SQ c 8
bit xc nh c ti a l 256 phn t ca mt nhm VCAT, i vi ng dn
bc thp (VC-12) SQ c 6 bit xc nh c ti a 64 phn t trong mt nhm
VCAT. Vn th hai l gii hn ca tr do ng dn khc nhau cc i do
MFI xc nh cng nm trong byte a khung H4 ca POH cho c hai ng dn
38
bc cao v ng dn bc thp cho php tr khc nhau ti a ca cc phn t ca

mt nhm VCAT l 256ms.
Hn ch v mt thc t: Do kh khn k thut ca vic tch hp nhiu b
m trn mt vi mch VCAT, tr ng dn khc nhau cung cp bi vi mch ny
l rt nh, in hnh khong 25ms hoc nh hn . Do cc nh cung cp thit
b phi dng b nh ngoi v tc truyn ca b nh ngoi nhanh ch c
th s dng SRAM. So snh vi vi DRAM v SDRAM, SRAM c dung lng
t hn v t hn, do gi thnh thit b do s cao.
2.4.4.2. Hn ch ca GFP
Trong khung GFP, c tu chn header m rng l trng 1byte gi l
nhn dng knh CID (Channel Indentifier), node mng pha thu c th dng CID
nhn dng giao din Ethernet ch, do vy c th nhiu giao din Ethernet ti
node pha ngun chia s cng mt knh VCAT.
Ghp knh GFP c hn ch: Lu lng t cc giao din ti node ngun
m chia s cng mt knh VCAT phi n chung mt node pha thu. Ngha l ch
khi nhiu khch hng cng mt ni v lu lng ca h n cng mt ch th
vic s dng GFP mi c hiu qu.
Hin nay trn th gii cng ngh NG-SDH v ang c trin khai, cho
php cc nh khai thc cung cp nhiu hn na cc dch v truyn ti v ng
thi tng hiu sut ca h tng mng SDH c. u im ca NG-SDH l
khng cn phi lp t mt mng truyn dn mi hay thay i tt c cc thit b
nt mng hay cc tuyn cp quang, nh vy s gim c chi ph v thu ht c
cc khch hng mi trong khi vn duy tr c cc dch v c. NG-SDH to
ra phng thc truyn ti cc dch v khch hng c tc c nh (nh PDH)
v cc dch v c tc bin i nh Ethernet, VPN, DVB, SAN... qua cc thit
b v mng SDH hin c bng cch b sung mt s thit b phn cng v cc th
tc cng nh giao thc mi. Cc th tc v giao thc ny c phn thnh cc
39
lp l: th tc nh dng khung GFP, kt ni o VCAT v giao thc iu chnh

dung lng tuyn LCAS...
40
Chng 3: TNG QUAN V THIT B OMSN

3.1. Gii thiu chung
Trc y, cng ngh SDH c thit k ti u cho mc ch truyn ti
cc tn hiu ghp knh phn chia theo thi gian (TDM). Tuy nhin hin nay yu
cu t ra i vi mng hon ton thay i khi cc dch v truyn ti d liu
ngy cng tng. iu c ngha l trong tng lai, h thng SDH truyn thng
khng th p ng c nhu cu gia tng ca cc dch v s liu na. SDH th
h tip theo (NG-SDH) l mt c ch truyn ti cho php tn ti ng thi cc
dch v truyn thng v cc dch v mi trn cng mt mng m khng lm nh
hng ln nhau.
Cng vi s pht trin ca mng NG SDH, cc thit b SDH cng pht
trin theo p ng c nhu cu ca nh cung cp dch v. Cc thit b
OMSN ca Alcatel Lucent cung cp cc nn tng a dch v trn nn quang
xy dng cc mng truyn ti NG SDH a dch v. Cc thit b OMSN ny tch
hp cc chc nng truyn dn tt nht trong mt lp (bestinclass), cc chc
nng tch ghp CWDM, kt ni cho SDH cng vi lp truyn thng (carrier
class) v cc chc nng chuyn mch gi/t bo lp 2 bao gm: Ethernet, chuyn
mch nhn a giao thc MPLS v ATM. Chia s cc c tnh v cc module
chung, cc thit b Alcatel Lucent OMSN m bo trin khai linh hot v h tr
cc c tnh cho mng NG SDH.
Ngy nay, cc hng truyn thng v cc nh cung cp dch v i hi cc
gii php trn nn quang cho cc mng vng v mng metro m c kh nng
cung cp dung lng cao, c tin cy, tnh linh hot v tnh kh chuyn
hng n cc dng thc truyn thng mi c hiu qu. Cng vi cc chc nng
da trn TDM truyn thng, cng ngh truyn dn h tr nhng ngun li
nhun ng k cho cc hng truyn thng, cc dch v mi cho cc ng dng
bng rng trn nn gi (basedpacket) ang c m rng v cn s phn phi
hiu qu trn mt c s h tng tp hp bng rng mang li hiu qu li
41
nhun cho cc hng truyn thng. Cc thit b OMSN tch hp cc cng ngh
truyn dn v chuyn mch gi, chuyn giao cc gii php mng metro h tr
phn phi dch v bng rng mi. Vi kh nng ny, cc thit b OMSN hng
n cc ng dng mng vng v metro, cung cp mt nn tng truyn dn a
dch v mang li li nhun t nhiu dch v bng rng nh: tripleplay (d
liu, thoi, hnh nh), cc dch v Ethernet
Cc c tnh ca OMSN
Truyn dn v qun l hiu qu cc ng dng d liu trn nn gi vi c s h
tng quang c.
Tng cng kt ni trong cc Topo mng: ring, hnh sao, mt li (mesh).
tin cy cao cho cc chc nng truyn dn v mc ch xy dng mng.
Theo di, x l s c, cung cp dch v.
H tr cc dch v tc cao, trong di t 2 Mbit/s v Ethernet ln n Gigabit
Ethernet GE v 10 Gbit/s.
Tin ti hp nht cc dch v Internet, thoi v video trong cng mt mi
trng ng nht.
Qun l cht lng dch v v hiu nng h tr cc yu cu SLA (Service
Level Agrement) kh khn nht.
Cc u im ca OMSN
Cc thit b OMSN da trn mt cu trc truyn dn SDH cng, cha linh
hot, mang li cho cc nh cung cp dch v mt vi li ch sau:
Mang li tnh sn sng ti a cho dch v, h tr cc dch v tim nng t vic
truy nhp n mng ng trc vi bt k lung lu lng no.
Hp l ha cc thao tc v ci thin mt cch ng k vn xy dng c bn v
chi ph kinh doanh m khng nh hng n cc dch v hin c.
42
To ra nhng li nhun mi t cc dch v hin ti v cc dch v cnh tranh

trong tng lai.
Ci thin bng thng s dng, cung cp khng gian cho cc dch v mi pht
sinh li nhun nhiu hn.
Cc thit b OMSN ca Alcatel Lucent
Cc thit b OMSN ca Alcatel Lucent gm c: 1642EMC, 1640FOX,
1642EMUX, 1650SM-C, 1662SM-C, 1660SM v 1670SM.
1642EMC, 1640FOX, 1642EMUX, 1650SM-C, 1662SM-C v 1660SM
c d nh cho cc ng dng mng metro, trong khi , 1670SM l OMSN
cho mng truyn dn li.
1640FOX, 1650SM-C, 1662SM-C, 1660SM, v 1670SM chia s nhiu
thit b c xc nh bi lu lng c h tr (PDH, SDH, ATM,
Ethernet). Hu ht cc cng lu lng c b x l khng nm trn bn mch
v c th c ti s dng t mt OMSN n mt OMSN khc hoc c khi
phc t nhng kho d tr m khng phi lo lng v cc phin bn phn mm
SW.
1660SM v 1662SMC tch hp cc c tnh CWDM m rng dung
lng truyn dn ca mng bi vic ngh cc nh cung cp dch v vin
thng:
Tng bng thng cho cc ng dng mng vng v mng metro.
Pht trin cc dch v t bc sng n n nhiu bc sng trong cng mt
node.
Gii php CWDM hiu qu cho c s h tng mng quang th.
Chuyn mch gi
Cc thit b OMSN chia s b chuyn i dch v tch hp ISA (Integrated
Service Adapter) chung, cung cp cc chc nng chuyn mch gi lp 2, thch
43
nghi vi c s h tng truyn dn SDH yu cu cho cc dch v bng rng trn

nn gi ngy cng tng:
Cung cp cc chc nng chuyn mch MPLS, Ethernet v kh nng chuyn
mch ATM, vi cc giao din ESCON, FICON, FC ci thin s kt ni cc
lung d liu v phn phi cc dch v bng rng mi trn nn IP nh l cc
mng ring o Ethernet, mng lu tr v tp hp di ng 3G.
Qun l c hiu qu v truyn dn cc ng dng d liu trn nn gi trong gii
hn c s h tng quang c, trnh s chng cho cc mng d liu tp
hp mng metro bng rng.
To ra cc li nhun mi t cc dch v hin ti v tng lai bng vic bt
buc v xc nhn s tha thun mc dch v SLA da vo cht lng dch v
QoS c h tr.
Hnh 3.1. Cc dch v bng rng c cung cp bi OMSN

Nhng kh nng ny lm cho cc thit b OMSN tr thnh cc node a
cng ngh hiu qu hng n cc mng metro quang m dung lng, gi
44
thnh, c s h tng, tin cy v cc dch v trn nn gi ng vai tr cha

kha trong mt kin trc bng rng hng n ngi dng.
Cc ng dng a dch v
Ngy nay, tnh linh hot cng c ngha l c kh nng h tr cc dch v
d liu bng rng v cc ng dng a phng tin trong mng. Cc thit b
OMSN mang li cho cc nh cung cp dch v kh nng phn phi mt vi loi
dch v a giao thc khc nhau mang li s cn bng tt nht gia cc dch v
d liu bng rng mi v cc dch v cho thu ng dy v dch v thoi truyn
thng. Cc thit b OMSN c trang b cc khe cm ISA thc hin cc chc
nng chuyn mch Ethernet, ATM hoc video, cho php cc ng dng mi. Phm
vi rng ln ca k thut ISA trn nn gi cho php cc nh iu hnh v cc nh
cung cp dch v i ph vi lu lng bng rng hin ti v tng lai cn
truyn qua mng bng cch cho php quy t nhiu lp trong mt node n.
3.2. Cc chc nng ca thit b OMSN
Node a dch v trn nn quang OMSN tng thch vi nhng h thng
PDH c cng nh nhng mng SDH c lp t, do thit b OMSN
cung cp cc chc nng c mng SDH v b sung thm mt s cc chc
nng mi cho cc ng dng mi. Cc chc nng l:
OMSN c th c cu hnh nh l mt b ghp u cui a ng (Multi
Line Terminal Multiplexer) hoc l mt b tch ghp a knh (Multi
Add/Drop Multiplexer) hoc l mt b ni cho (Cross Connect).
OMSN tch hp kh nng chuyn mch ATM, c th s dng c trong mt
card chuyn mch ty chn.
OMSN c th c trang b vi nhng thit b Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit
Ethernet cho php kt ni LAN to LAN v chuyn mch Ethernet.
45
OMSN c th s dng cho chuyn mch nhn a giao thc (MPLS), ngha l
n thc hin phn loi, nh tuyn, tp hp cc gi d liu theo k thut
MPLS.
OMSN c th truy nhp v truyn cc loi lu lng n FICON
(1.0625Gbit/s), knh
quang (1.0625Gbit/s), Digital Video (270Mbit/s),
ESCON(200Mbit/s), FDDI(125Mbit/s), OC-3 (155Mbit/s.

OMSN h tr nhng tnh nng ca CWDM (Coarse WDM) c cung cp bi
b tch sng, b gii ghp knh (Multiplexer/Demultiplexer) v nhng thit
b COADM (Coarse Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer).
3.3. Cc ng dng dch v trn thit b OMSN
3.3.1. Dch v Ethernet
p ng cc dch v bng thng rng ca khch hng, cc nh cung
cp dch v pht trin dch v Ethernet trong cc mng LAN. Dch v
Ethernet mang li mt s li ch nh: tnh d s dng, hiu qu v chi ph, tnh
linh hot.
Tnh d s dng.
Dch v Ethernet da trn mt giao din Ethernet (Ethernet interface)
chun, ph bin, c s dng rng ri trong cc h thng mng cc b (LAN).
Hu nh tt c cc thit b v my ch trong LAN u kt ni dng Ethernet, v
vy vic s dng Ethernet kt ni vi nhau s n gin ha qu trnh hot
ng v cc chc nng qun tr, qun l v cung cp (OAM&P).
Hiu qu v chi ph
Dch v Ethernet lm gim chi ph u t v chi ph vn hnh. Mt l, do
s ph bin ca Ethernet trong hu ht tt c cc sn phm mng nn giao din
Ethernet khng c chi ph lp t. Hai l, gi thnh thit b thp, chi ph vn hnh
v qun tr thp hn. Ba l, nhiu nh cung cp dch v Ethernet cho php nhng
46
thu bao tng thm bng thng mt cch kh mm do. iu ny cho php thu
bao thm bng thng khi cn thit v h ch tr cho nhng g h cn.
Tnh linh hot
Dch v Ethernet cho php nhng thu bao thit lp mng ca h theo
nhng cch hoc l phc tp hn hoc l khng th thc hin vi cc dch v
truyn thng khc. Vi dch v Ethenet, cc thu bao cng c th thm vo hoc
thay i bng thng trong vi pht thay v trong vi ngy ngy hoc thm ch vi
tun khi s dng nhng dch v mng truy nhp khc (Frame relay, ATM,).
Ngoi ra, nhng thay i ny khng i hi thu bao phi mua thit b mi hay
nh cung cp dch v c cn b k thut n kim tra, h tr ti ch.
Cc thit b OMSN c trang b cc card Ethernet cho php kt ni LAN
to LAN gia hai b nh tuyn hoc chuyn mch qua mt mng SDH. Cc card
Ethernet c th qun l c 3 loi lu lng Ethernet l: Ethernet (10 Mbit/s),
Fast Ethernet (100 Mbit/s) v Gigabit Ethernet (1 Gbit/s). Cc khung Ethernet s
c sp xp trong SDH VC s dng th tc ng khung chung GFP v c
truyn trn mng SDH.
Cc module Ethernet c cm vo thit b OMSN s cung cp cc dch
v Ethernet. i vi thit b 1660SM, c cc module: ISA-ETH module v ISAGBE module. Module ISA-ETH cung cp cc giao din 10/100 baseT, Module
ISA-GBE cung cp cc giao din 1000BaseSX/1000BaseLX cho php s kt ni
ca 2 mng LAN trong mt cu hnh point to point. Cc card ny ng vai tr
nh l mt gateway i vi mng SDH. Cc module ny cho php thit b
OMSN cung cp mt s dch v nh: ng dy ring (Private Line), ng dy
ring o (Virtual Private Line), mng LAN ring (Private LAN), mng LAN
ring o (Virtual Private LAN), tp hp (Aggregation), tp hp o (Virtual
Aggregation).
47
Hnh 3.2. Cc dch v Ethernet trn OMSN

3.3.2. Dch v truyn d liu
Mt s dch v d liu c th c sp xp thnh nhng tn hiu STM-N
nh card SDH matrix c cm vo thit b OMSN. Card 4ANY cung cp 4
truy nhp vt l v kt chui o cho tn hiu d liu. Thng lng ca n bng
16 VC-4.
Hnh 3.3. ng dng dch v d liu
48
Bng 3.1 cho thy cc dch v d liu c cung cp bi OMSN.

Tn hiu d liu
Tc bit
S lng VC-4
Gigabit Ethernet
1,25 Gbit/s
FICON
1,0625 Gbit/s
Fiber Channel
1,0625 Gbit/s
Digital Video
270 Mbit/s
ESCON
200 Mbit/s
Fast Ethernet
125 Mbit/s
FDDI
125 Mbit/s
Bng 3.1. Cc loi dch v d liu c cung cp bi OMSN

3.3.3. Dch v ATM
Metro OMSN c tch hp kh nng chuyn mch knh o VC v ng
dn o VP ATM nh card chuyn mch ty chn cha ma trn ATM. cung
cp dch v ATM, card ISA-ATM c cm vo thit b 1660SM l gii php ti
u truyn dn v tp hp lu lng ATM. V mt chc nng, ATM c bit
hu ch trong truy nhp cu hnh Ring cc b v metro hp nht lu lng d
liu t nhng ngi s dng khc nhau ln trn cng SDH VC, do ti u
bng thng truyn.
3.3.4. Dch v MPLS
MPLS l c ch truyn ti d liu dng chuyn gi (packet-switched).
Trong m hnh OSI, MPLS c th xem nh nm gia lp 2 v lp 3V vy
MPLS c th c xem nh l giao thc thuc lp 2.5. MPLS c thit k
thng nht cc loi dch v truyn ti d liu cho c mng chuyn gi v chuyn
mch, h tr c IP, ATM, SONET, EthernetDo s dng MPLS s tit kim
c chi ph rt nhiu. MPLS cho php xy dng mt h thng mng s dng
mt loi c s h tng c th qun l c d liu, m thanh thoi, video
conference
49
u vo, b nh tuyn bin nhn LER (Label Edge Router) s kim tra
gi tin c a ti v quyt nh c nh nhn gi tin hay khng.Vic nh
nhn s da vo mt c s d liu c bit c lu trong LER. Sau , mt
header MPLS s c chn vo. Gi d liu c chuyn i. Gi d liu truyn
i s ln lt i qua cc LSR (Label Switching Router), cc LSR s khng thm
vo hay bt i nhn no, n ch thay i cc nhn v chuyn gi tin n LSR tip
theo, cc LSR xc nh vic i nhn hay LSR tip theo da vo mt bng d
liu trong router. Nu d liu khng cha nhn no, n s hot ng nh mt
router bnh thng. Do vy, cc ng dn s c thit lp gia cc LER v
LSR. Nhng ng dn ny c gi l Label switch paths (LSPs). u ra,
LER s tch header MPLS ra v gi d liu s c truyn i mt cch bnh
thng. Ngoi ra MPLS cho php xc nh ch u tin cho d liu, thut ng
mng l FEC (Forward Equivalence Class - Lp chuyn tip tng ng). Thc
cht, vic xc nh mc u tin cho d liu l rt quan trng. Do c nhng d
liu quan trng cn cht lng mng cao hn. MPLS cho php chn mc u
tin cung cp cht lng mng hp l cho cc loi d liu ny. Sau , da
vo mc FEC ca gi thng tin c nh nhn m cc loi ng truyn
khc nhau c th c thc hin. C th l gi tin s c truyn qua ATM,
frame-relay. Nu gi tin khng c nhn, n s c coi c mc u tin thp nht
v c truyn i nh mt gi tin IP bnh thng.
K thut MPLS c s dng trong nhng h thng truyn ti Alcatel
phn phi v nh tuyn cc gi d liu c to ra bi dch v gi ha bt k
(packetized service) ang hot ng ti lp mng v c ng gi thnh khung
Ethernet. Mt hoc nhiu nhn c gn vo mi gi Ethernet v c s dng
chuyn gi. S phn loi cc gi d liu n ch c thc hin mt ln ti
cnh ca mng MPLS, nhng b nh tuyn MPLS bn trong ch phi chn bc
truyn k tip bng cch tm v hon i nhn trn cng. Nhng gi Ethernet
cng ch v cng cht lng dch v c gn n cng mt FEC ngay c khi
50
chng thuc mt lung khc. Theo cch ny, nhng lung gi ring bit c tp
hp n mt ng dn chung.
Hnh 3.4. ng dng dch v MPLS

thit b OMSN, cc card ISA PR-EA v ISA PR s qun l giao thc
MPLS.
Card ISA PR-EA c s dng tp hp nhng lung lu lng Ethernet
khc nhau, c bo m bng cht lng dch v lung QoS.
ISA PR l mt h thng con Ethernet ADM v cung cp mt lp sng mang
c chia s trong Ethernet Packet Ring.
3.3.5. Dch v CWDM
CWDM l mt nhnh chi ph thp ca cc cng ngh DWDM (dense
WDM) hiu sut cao phc v cho nghnh cng nghip mng truyn ti xa.
S tch hp cng ngh SDH v WDM trong 1660SM to ra c hi tng
thm dung lng mng m khng nh hng ln phng tin vt l ban u (v
51
d nh si quang). S hin din ca mt li bc sng cho php ngi dng s

dng nhiu dung lng vi gi thnh gii hn. Nhng thit b quang CWDM c
th ln n 8 knh truyn lu lng theo nh khuyn ngh ITUT G694.2, li
bc sng l: 1470-1490-1510-1530-1550-1570-1590-1610 nm. H tr c ng
dng tuyn tnh v vng. nhng node u cui, n c th tch ghp ln n 8
knh. nhng node tc thi, n c th xen r 1 hoc 2 knh v truyn qua 7
hoc 6 knh khc.
Hnh 3.5. ng dng CWDM

3.4. H thng qun l trong mng s dng OMSN
Cc dch v c tho lun trn c lp mt mc no v phi
c qun l bi mt h thng qun l mng NMS (Network Management
System) m bo chng c th c trin khai v qun l ch ng trong thi
gian thc. Nu khng c chin lc NMS r rng, cc dch v v cng ngh ni
trn rt kh hay thm ch l khng th p dng c.
3.4.1. Cu trc ca h thng qun l
52
Hnh 3.6. Cu trc ca h thng qun l mng

S qun l cc thnh phn mng NE c thc hin bi:
Phn mm khai bo u cui 132CT.
H iu hnh OS (1353NM v 1354RM) ca mt hoc nhiu trm lm vic c
chc nng qun l mng. Hn na, OS cho php kt ni n cc mng qun
l vin thng TMN.
Giao din CT l mt loi EIARS232. CT thc hin mt s chc nng sau:
nh v, kt ni CT vi thit b OMSN qua giao din F.
Qun l t xa, t mt thit b SDH hoc SDH gateway khc ca mng, ,
mt CT c kt ni (qua giao din F), nh a ch thc ca thit b. Trong
trng hp ny, thng tin qun l c truyn bi mng SDH, s dng cc
byte DCC hoc c truyn bi mt mng LAN. Khi ty chn CT c s
dng, giao din F c th qun l c ti a 32 thit b.
Knh truyn s liu DCC:
-
Cc byte D1 D3 ca RSOH: cc knh truyn s liu kt ni trm lp vi

trm qun l, c tc bit l 192 Kbit/s (64 Kbit/s3).
53
Cc byte D4 D12 ca MSOH: knh truyn s liu kt ni trm ghp knh

vi trm qun l, c tc bit l 576 Kbit/s (64 Kbit/s9).
Giao thc thng tin giao din F: (F1 v F2) c nh ngha nh sau:
Giao din thng tin F1 c c s dng kt ni ti ch hay t xa cc
trm vi h iu hnh UNIX. Giao din thng tin F2 c s dng trong cu
hnh ni b kt ni cc my tnh PC thng thng. C hai giao din F1 v F2
u c cung cp cho mi phn t mng.
Giao thc thng tin giao din Q3 l kt ni cc phng tin trung gian,
cc phn t mng, cc h iu hnh ti cc h iu hnh khc thng qua mng
truyn thng s liu DCN. Giao din Q3 cho php thit lp kt ni vi OS, thng
tin qun l c th c truyn bi mng quang, s dng cc byte DCC hoc bi
mt mng LAN c ch nh.
Hnh 3.7. Kt ni gia thit b OMSN v OS

Kt ni gia NE v OS c thc hin nh sau:
B iu khin thit b EC (Equipment Controller) ca OMSN Gateway truyn
thng ip gia Q3 v DCC.
54
chuyn tip thng ip TMN n nhng NE khc, EC s dng bus Q ECC bn

trong c kt ni vi cc cng STM-N. Giao din QECC nhm kt ni cc
phn t mng thng qua knh iu khin gn lin. Q ECC s dng cc knh
thng tin s liu SDH DCC (cc byte D1 D12).
Cc thng ip c truyn trn cc byte DCC ca STM-N SOH. NE c kt
ni s trch cc thng ip t nhng byte ny v gi chng n EC s hu n.
3.4.2. Phn mm khai bo u cui 1320CT
3.4.2.1. Gii thiu
Phn mm khai bo u cui 1320CT tng thch vi cc mi trng
Windows ang hot ng: Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP. 1320CT
truy nhp t cc CT t xa n giao din Q3 GNE Ethernet qua mng IP. Ni
chung, CT l mt my tnh c nhn PC, c kt ni qua giao din F qun l
cc b NE. Vi ng dng CT t xa, n c th qun l ln n 32 NEs qua cc
knh DCCM/DCCR. CT thc hin mt s chc nng qun l nh: qun l cu
hnh, qun l cnh bo
Cc c tnh chnh
1320CT cung cp mt s chc nng sau:
Qun l mt hoc nhiu NE: c th qun l ln n 32 NE vi mt chc nng
t hp (ng dng CT t xa).
Tng thch cc giao din m hnh thng tin ITU ti cc phn t mng.
Qun l li bo co cnh bo thi gian thc, nh v v sa cc li tip
theo sau.
Qun l cu hnh iu khin hot ng ca cc NE.
Thc hin qun l ci t, tp hp, ng nhp v hin th d liu lin quan
n cc NE c qun l theo ITUT G.826.
Nhng nhim v chnh ca h thng
55
Thao tc v bo tr cc b cc NE c kt ni.
Gim st kch hot/ngng kch hot mt NE.
Thit lp cu hnh truyn dn.
Qun l thi gian thc cc NE c kt ni: cnh bo khi c li v thng bo
cc s kin khi NE hot ng bnh thng.
Qun l ni cho ca VC-4, VC-3, VC-2, VC-12 v cc mc bc sng.
Qun l cu hnh
1320CT cung cp cc chc nng ci t, khi to v sa i nhng
tham s cu hnh thit b. Nhng dch v ny bao gm:
Qun l cc ng dng v tham s h thng.
Qun l cc tham s hot ng v trng thi ca NE.
Qun l ni cho
Chc nng qun l ni cho cung cp mt tp hp nhng chc nng
thit lp cc kt ni cho trong cc NE v theo di cc kt ni c cung cp
cho mc ch bo dng. Cu hnh kt ni c cho trong mt danh sch ca
ng dng.
Qun l li
Chc nng qun l li gm c mt s chc nng cho php gim st thi
gian thc tnh trng ti nguyn ca mng c qun l. Cc li c pht hin ra
v cc hot ng hiu chnh c th c thc hin bi thao tc vin. Nhng dch
v ny bao gm:
Hin th cc cnh bo hin thi ca NE.
Bt/tt cc cnh bo th cp.
Cnh bo cc thit lp quan trng.
To cc file Alarm History.
56
Qun l hiu nng

Chc nng qun l hiu nng cung cp mt tp hp cc chc nng khi
ng v ngng theo di cc hot ng trn cc ti nguyn vt l ca mng, v
tp hp, x l v hin th d liu c sn bng th. D liu c cung cp ph
thuc vo dung lng ca cc NEs, theo khuyn ngh ITUT G.826 v cc SDH
NEs. Chc nng qun l hiu nng cho php thit lp cc ngng ti nguyn, nu
vt qu cc ngng ny s lm pht sinh mt cnh bo QoS. iu ny mang li
cho nh iu hnh c hi theo di chi tit cc tha thun mc dch v SLA c
nhn c nh ca khch hng.
Qun l bo mt
Chc nng qun l bo mt cung cp mt tp hp cc chc nng bo v
h thng chng li s truy nhp tri php ca ngi s dng, cc th tc hoc
nhng tc ng khc. Quyn truy nhp c da vo FADs v NADs.
Giao din 1320CT
Khi 1320CT c khi ng, mt bn khng tn s xut hin trong ca
s NES (Network Element Synthesis Tng hp phn t mng).
Nu din F cha c kt ni, y l mt bn trng.
Nu giao din F c kt ni, bn ny s cha cc NE c kt ni vi
a ch c khi phc.
Menu Network Element Synthesis
57
Hnh 3.8. Menu NES ca phn mm 1320CT

3.4.3. H iu hnh
Mt h thng qun l mng SDH phi c kh nng qun l tt c cc phn
t mng, k c cc phn t c pht trin trong tng lai. Cc h thng qun l
mng ny phi c xy dng hng ti mt mng qun l vin thng chung
TMN. TMN l mt mng c cu trc c bit cho cc chc nng qun l cho
mt mng vin thng TN. TNM c cu trc gm cc lp:
Hnh 3.9. Cu trc cc lp ca TMN
58
NE - cc phn t mng: thit b truyn dn PDH hoc SDH.

ECT (Equipment Craft Terminal): qun l cc b.
TN: y l mng kt ni cc NEs. N cung cp cc phng tin vt l m
bo s truyn dn.
EML (Element Management Layer): qun l tt c cu hnh NE trn cc c s
ring l: phn cng, kt ni cho, ng b, bo v, cnh bo, thc hin
Phn mm 1353NM qun l lp ny.
NML (Network Management Layer): h thng thuc v lp ny cho php cc
thao tc vin qun l kt ni, nh tuyn v cc bo v lin quan. Ngoi ra,
NML cn chu trch nhim v cc cnh bo mng v theo di hiu nng h
thng. Phn mm 1354RM qun l lp ny.
3.4.3.1. Phn mm 1353NM
Phn mm 1353NM thuc lp qun l phn t ca cu trc mng TMN.
1353NM thc hin mt s chc nng qun l sau:
Cc chc nng qun l Topo mng
To Topo mng.
Thm, xa cc k hiu.
Khai bo NEs.
Kim k NE.
Hnh 3.10. Chc nng qun l Topo mng ca 1353NM
59
Cc chc nng qun l phn mm v qun l phn t mng

Qun l phn t mng
Gim st NEs.
Cu hnh h thng bo v.
Bt/tt cc thng bo cnh bo.
Qun l cc ngun ng b v thi gian ca NE.
Qun l cc kt ni v qun l cc cng.
Cu hnh cc im bn ngoi.
Sao lu v khi phc cc NEs.
Qun l phn mm
Np cc thng tin t phn mm xung NE.
Np phn mm t mt server n mt NE.
Kch hot/ngng kch hot phn mm ca NE.
y nhim phn mm cho NE.
60
Hnh 3.11. Cc chc nng qun l SW v NE

Cc chc nng cnh bo
Nhn v x l cc cnh bo.
Thit lp b lc tiu chun nhn cc cnh bo.
Qun l cnh bo cc file ng nhp.
Lu tr v x l thng tin cnh bo hin thi.
Hin th giao din ngi dng.
Tm lc cc bo ng lin quan n mt NE.
Hnh 3.12. Cc chc nng qun l Alarm

Cc chc nng qun l theo di hiu nng
Cu hnh ngng ca cc b m li.
Theo di hot ng ca cc b m.
Ghi d liu hiu nng ca h thng.
Tm kim s suy gim cht lng TP (Termination Point).
Cc chc nng qun tr h thng
61
Qun l h thng (cho ngi qun tr)

Khi ng/dng h thng.
Hin th v qun l tt c cc qu trnh ca 1353NM.
Sao lu/phc hi h thng.
Cc hot ng c tnh chu k.
Qun l bo mt
Truy nhp h thng.
Phn phi cc bn .
Cc quyn truy nhp n cc NEs.
3.4.3.2. Phn mm 1354RM
Phn mm 1354RM thuc lp qun l mng NML, 1354RM thc hin
mt s chc nng qun l sau:
Hnh 3.13. Cc chc nng ca 1354RM

Np thng tin c sn ca cc cng v NE t 1353NM.
Xy dng phn tnh ca mng c qun l nh:
62
+ Lin kt cc kt ni.
+ Cc Topo c bn: ring, mesh
+ p dng cc lp lin quan theo ITU-G.803.
+ Cc ng dn, cc dng LO, HO, cc on hp knh, vt l.
Cu hnh v qun l phn ng ca mng nh:
+ Cu hnh ti trng (payload).
+ Cung cp ng dn.
+ Bo dng v gim st ng dn
+ Ni/phn chia.
+ iu khin cc giao din SEN IM v OPTICS IM da trn cc
NEs.
+ Np chc nng v hiu ha qun l.
+ D tm v khi phc NE.
+ Qun l cc bo v.
+ SNCP (SubNetwork Connection Protection Bo v kt ni mng con)
l mt c ch bo v c cung cp c th bo v mt phn hoc

ton b ng dn (gia hai NE).
+ Cc quy tc khi phc.
+ Theo di hiu nng h thng.
+ Phn tch v to ra cc o lng ty bin.
+ Qun l cnh bo nghm ngt ASAP.
+ Theo di cnh bo v qun l cc bn ghi.
+ Qun l giao din Northbound (IOO)
63
Chng 4: CU TRC PHN CNG V NGUYN L

HOT NG CA THIT B 1660SM STM 16
4.1. Cu trc chc nng ca thit b 1660SM STM-16

S hot ng ca thit b 1660SM
Hnh 4.1. S khi thit b 1660SM

Nguyn l hot ng ca thit b 1660SM
y l s hot ng ca ca thit b 1660SM. Cc lung tn hiu t
nhng ngun khc nhau nh lung E1, lung dch v Ethernet v ATM c a
vo thit b. Cc lung c ng b qua card Service u c tp trung vo
64
card Matrix, y cc lung tn hiu c x l v tp hp li thnh lung STM

16 ri truyn ti n card O16ES, sau cc tn hiu s c x l v chuyn
i thnh tn hiu quang ri truyn i trn si quang.
i vi cc lung tn hiu E1, cc lung ny s i vo qua cc Access
Card A21E1, ngha l mi card ny c ni vi 21 lung E1, tu vo s lng
lung E1 m s dng s lng card A21E1 trnh lng ph. Sau tn hiu
c ni n Port card P63E1 tng ng, card ny thc hin giao tip 63 lung
tn hiu 2,048Mbit/s vo cc lung SDH cao hn v mi Port Card P63E1 c
ni vi 3 Access Card A21E1. Tn hiu tip tc i n card MATRIX, y tn
hiu c sp xp vo cc lung STM-N ri i n card O16ES chuyn i
thnh tn hiu quang v truyn qua ng trung k n mt tng i khc.
pha thu cng c cc thnh phn v chc nng ging pha pht, song qu trnh
thu tn hiu c thc hin mt cch ngc li vi pha pht.
Hnh 4.2. Qu trnh ghp cc lung E1 thnh STM N

i vi cc lung tn hiu Ethernet, cc tn hiu Ethernet s c a n
card ISA, sau i n card MATRIX. Tng t nh cc lung E1 th cc lung
tn hiu cng c sp xp vo nhng lung STM-N ri n card O16-ES c
chuyn thnh tn hiu quang ri truyn trn ng trung k n u thu.
Cc lung tn hiu ATM cng c a n MATRIX card v chyn i
thnh tn hiu quang.
65
Cc card ca thit b 1660SM c phn thnh cc loi l Access Card,

Port Card v nhm Card chung Common Card. Sau y ta s ln lt tm hiu
chc nng ca cc loi card ny.
4.1.1. Common Card
Cc card chung (Common Card) thc hin cc chc nng: b iu khin,
dch v, kt ni hoc ng b ho. Common Card bao gm cc Card sau:
MATRIX, CONGI, PQ2/EQC, SERVICE, SYNTH. Sau y l mt s chc nng
ca cc Common Card.
4.1.1.1. Card MATRIX
MATRIX Card l thit b tip nhn v tch/ghp cc lung giao din SDH
v cao hn l cc lung dch v mi nh ATM, ETHERNET, MPLS. Trong thit
b 1660SM c 2 loi MATRIX Card: MATRIXN v MATRIXE.
MATRIXN c mt dung lng ma trn tng ng 96 x 96 STM 1, c
th s dng theo cch sau:
Tt c dung lng cho cc kt ni cho mc cao HOCC.
Mt phn dung lng cho cc kt ni cho mc cao v phn cn li cho cc
kt ni cho mc thp LOCC. Trong trng hp ny, dung lng ti a c

th s dng cho mt LOCC l 64 STM-1.
MATRIXE c mt dung lng ma trn tng ng 384 x 384 STM-1, c
th s dng theo cch sau:
Tt c dung lng cho cc kt ni cho mc cao HOCC.
Mt phn dung lng cho cc kt ni cho mc cao v phn cn li cho cc
kt ni cho mc thp LOCC. Trong trng hp ny, dung lng ti a c

th s dng cho mt LOCC l 256 STM-1.
MATRIXN v MATRIXE thc hin mt s chc nng sau:
-
Kt ni gia cc cng.
66
ng b thit b.
B iu khin gi .
Thc hin qun l tp hp.
Kim k t xa.
4.1.1.2. Card CONGI

CONGI card l thit b cung cp ngun DC cho cc card v cc thit b
khc trong h thng. Trong 1660SM th ngun u vo l 48/60VDC v u ra
c cc mc ngun l 0.8VDC, 1.7VDC, 2.5VDC v 3.3VDC.
Trong 1660SM, c 2 loi Card CONGI: CONGI-A v CONGI-B. Nu
CONGI-A c s dng th CONGI-B s l d phng v ngc li.
4.1.1.3. Card SERVICE
Card SERVICE cung cp cc chc nng sau:
Qun l knh AUX (Auxiliary): 4x64 Kbit/s G.703, 4xV11, 4xRS-232, 2x2
Mbit/s G.703.
Giao din ng h li vo/li ra:
+ T3/T6: hai tn hiu ng h tham chiu 2MHz/2Mbps ng b cc
phn t mng.
+ T4/T5: hai tn hiu ng h li ra 2MHz/2Mbps c s dng bi mt
phn t mng khc.

Qun l EOW cho php cung cp 3 loi kt ni khc nhau:
+ Gia 2 trm (la chn cuc gi).
+ Gia 3 trm (a la chn cuc gi).
+ Cuc gi bao trm (mt trm kt ni vi tt c cc trm khc, s
cuc gi 00).
67
Ngoi ra c hai knh m rng vi cc b ni khc nhau (RJ11 v RJ45) c th

c s dng thit lp mt kt ni vi mt in thoi bn trong.
4.1.1.4. Card EQUICO and PQ2/EQC
EQUICO and PQ2/EQC l card dng cho qun l v iu khin cc thit
b, cnh bo khn cp cc s c, cc lnh ch v quan trng na l iu khin
cc thit b d phng trong trng hp cc thit b ang hot ng b h hng
hoc c s c. EQUICO and PQ2/EQC cung cp chc nng b iu khin thit
b EC:
Kt ni vi Local Craft Terminal nh mt PC, qua giao din F.
Kt ni vi OS (1353NM, 1354RM) bng giao din Q3 c b ni nm trn bn
mch CONGI, hoc bi cc knh DCC ca cc cng STM-N.
Kt ni vi mt CT t xa qua cc knh DCC ca cc cng STM-N.
Kt ni vi OS qua giao din QAUX nm trn SERVICE card.
4.1.1.5. Bus Termination
Ngoi cc Card trn th trong Common Card cn c mt n v khng th
thiu l Bus Termination Card. Chc nng chnh ca Bus Termination l gi cc
b u cui in n cc Bus c nh tuyn mt sau panel. Cc Card Bus
Termination c t bn cnh cc MATRIX Card.
4.1.2. Cc Card LS v HS
LS (Low Speed) v HS (High Speed) l nhm card giao tip lu lng
vo/ra vi tc lung nhnh khc nhau. Card LS c tc lung nhnh l
2,048Mbps. Card HS c tc lung nhnh l 34Mbps, 45Mbps, 140Mbps,
622Mbps Tu theo tc d liu m thit b 1660SM s dng cc loi card
khc nhau. Trong thit b 1660SM, cc giao din truy nhp c thc hin thng
qua s kt hp ca Port Card v Access Card. Port Card thc hin chc nng x
l tn hiu, Access Card bao cha giao din vt l kt ni lung nhnh vi cc
68
thit b u cui. Sau y, chng ti s i xt cc giao din truy nhp ca SDH

ang c s dng ph bin trn mng vin thng.
4.1.2.1. Giao din truy nhp 2,048Mbps
thc hin ghp/tch cc giao din lung nhnh PDH 2,048Mbps vo
cc lung SDH tc cao hn, thit b 1660SM s dng Port Card l P63E1,
P63E1N hoc P63E1N-M4, Access Card l A21E1.
Card P63E1 thc hin giao tip 63 lung tn hiu 2,048Mbps cn ng b
song hng v tn hiu STM-4-BPF (Back Panel Format), ng thi x l 63
tn hiu 2,048Mbps t cc card truy nhp nh km.
Card P63E1N v c bn ging nh card P63E1, ngoi ra n c kh nng thc
hin cc chc nng sau:
+ P63E1N cng thc thi chc nng NT (Network Termination) vi tc
truy nhp ch yu ca cc dch v ISDN. c trng ny c lp

trnh qua SW s dng hoc loi tr chc nng NT cho mi cng
n, ng thi card P63E1N c th giao tip vi cc cng ng dng
hoc khng ng dng chc nng NT.
+ P63E1N c th thc thi chc nng ti nh thi, chc nng ny c
p dng cho ng h thit b (Equipment Clock) gi i tn hiu

2,048 Mbit/s, do c ng b vi mng SDH.
P21E1N-M4 ging vi P63E1N vi s khc bit l: thay cho ti nh thi
trt bit (slip bit), ti nh thi trt khung (frame slip) c cung cp
trong trng hp PRA hot ng.
Card A21E1 l Access card cho P63E1 v P63E1N. C th s dng ln n 3
card A21E1 cho mi Port card. Card A21E1 kt ni 21 lung tn hiu d liu
2,048Mb/s, cung cp cc kt ni t mt sau panel n cc ng dy bn
ngoi v cc mu ni cho 21 tn hiu PDH. Card A21E1 cha cc chuyn
mch bo v bo v N+1 EPS.
69
4.1.2.2. Giao din truy nhp 34Mbps/45Mbps

thc hin ghp/tch cc giao din lung nhnh PDH 34Mbps/45Mbps
vo cc lung SDH tc cao hn, thit b 1660SM s dng Port Card l
P3E3T3 v Access Card l A3E3, A3T3.
Port Card P3E3T3 l mt giao din song hng t/n 3 lung 34Mbps hoc
45Mbps v STM-4-BPF. Tc bit ca Card P3E3T3 ph thuc vo Access

card c trang b.
Access Card A3E3, A3T3 l card giao din song hng vo/ra trn 3 knh
ring bit. Mi knh cung cp 1 truy nhp lung d liu 34Mbps/45Mbps ca

Card P3E3T3. C th l:
+ A3E3 cung cp cc truy nhp 334Mbps cho P3E3T3.
+ A3T3 cung cp cc truy nhp 345Mbps cho P3E3T3.
Mi Access card cung cp cc kt ni t mt sau panel n cc ng dy bn
ngoi v cc mu ni cho cc tn hiu PDH.

A3E3 v A3T3 cha cc chuyn mch bo v bo v N+1 EPS.
4.1.2.3. Giao din truy nhp 140Mbps (STM-1)

thc hin ghp/tch cc giao din lung nhnh PDH 140Mbps vo cc
lung SDH tc cao hn, thit b 1660SM s dng Port Card l P4ES1N v
Access Card l A4ES1.
Card P4ES1N iu khin 4 tn hiu in STM-1, tt c u truy nhp trn cc
Access card c lin quan (Card A4ES1). Card P4ES1N l mt trong cc Card
c th bo v EPS.
Card A4ES1 cung cp truy nhp 4 lung d liu tc 140Mbps cho
P4ES1N. Mi Card P4ES1N cn mt Card A4ES1.
Mi Access card cung cp cc kt ni t mt sau panel n cc ng dy bn
ngoi v cc tn hiu STM-1.
70
A4ES1 cha cc chuyn mch bo v bo v N+1 EPS.

4.1.2.4. Giao din truy nhp 622Mbps (STM-4)
thc hin ghp/tch cc giao din lung nhnh PDH 622Mbps vo cc
lung SDH tc cao hn, thit b 1660SM s dng Port Card l
S-4.1.N,
L-4.1.N, L-4.2.N v P4S4N.

Cc Port Card STM-4 ny qun l mt tn hiu STM-4 ca cc b kt ni trn
card, do cc card ny khng cn Access card no. S dng m ng
NRZ.
Card P4S4N qun l 4 tn hiu STM-4 v c x l trn 2 knh STM-4 ca
n.
Giao din tn hiu vt l l module STM-4 quang.
Card P4S4N khng th cu trc li cc tn hiu STM-4, khng h tr truyn
qua v chn gim ti cc mc 2Mbps, 34Mbps v 45Mbps.
4.1.2.5 Giao din truy nhp 2,4Gbps (STM-16)
giao din truy nhp ny, thit b 1660SM thc hin vic tch/ghp qua
cc Port Card sau: STM-16 Post Card: S-16.1ND, L-16.1ND, L-16.2ND v I16.1ND.
Cc card ny c 2 khe cm m rng, qun l mt tn hiu STM-16 kt ni
vi card, do nhng card ny khng cn Access card.
STM-16 Host Post Card: CO - 16
Card CO-16 qun l mt tn hiu STM-16 c cm vo jack cm pha
trc card.
Port card ny khng cn Access card.
Card CO-16 c 2 khe cm rng v c th cm vo cc khe cm tng cng.
STM-16 slim host Port card: O-16 ES
71
STM-16 slim card qun l mt tn hiu STM-1 c cung cp bi cc b kt

ni trang b mt module quang SFP.
Port card ny khng cn Access card.
STM-16 slim card c mt khe cm rng.
4.1.2.6. High speed protection Access card
Ngoi cc Port Card v Access Card x l tn hiu v kt ni cc truy
nhp trn, Card LS v HS cn c mt loi Card c dng bo v cho mt
s Card gi l Card truy nhp bo v tc cao (HPROT).
HPROT Access card c s dng cung cp bo v EPS cho cc Port card
in HS (P3E3T3, P4ES1N).
HPROT cung cp kt ni gia cc Access card v Port card HS d phng nu
yu cu bo v.
Mi Access card c kt ni n card trc v card tip theo, theo cch
ny, cung cp s bo v N+1. S dng HPROT card v tr cui cng pha
tri ca cc Access card gn lin vi cng nhm cng bo v.
4.1.3. Cc b khuch i quang
K thut khuch i quang l k thut khuch i trc tip tn hiu quang m
khng cn phi thng qua qu trnh bin i v in no. K thut khuch i
quang va ra i khc phc c nhiu hn ch ca trm lp nh v bng tn,
cu trc phc tp, cp ngun, nh hng ca nhiu in Khuch i quang c
th c t cc phn khc nhau ca h thng thng tin
Trong qu trnh truyn dn tn hiu quang th do cc c tnh suy hao ca si
quang nn cng sut tn hiu s b gim khi truyn trn khong cch xa. khc
phc iu ny, ngi ta s dng cc b khuch i quang m bo cng sut
ca tn hiu ti u thu. Vi cc tuyn truyn dn c khong cch ln hn 60 km
72
th phi s dng khuch i quang. C hai loi khuch i quang c s dng

l: Booters v Preamplifier.
4.1.3.1. Boosters BST (Khuch i cng sut )
Hnh 4.3. Kt ni Booster vi thit b

L b khuch i quang c t ngay sau thit b pht nhm mc ch lm
tng cng sut tn hiu quang n mc cao nht lm cho khong cch
truyn cc i. Yu cu ca cc b khuch i cng sut l to ra cng sut
u ra cc i.
Card Booster c 2 khe cm rng. S khe ca card l s cc khe bn phi.
Thit b Booster c s dng khi truyn trn mt khong cch di, s lng
kt ni tng.
S kt ni gia Booster v Port card c thc hin trn cc b ni quang nh
mt si quang c cung cp.
C ch bo v: Trong trng hp in th nguy him, ch t ng tt s
c cung cp trong cc trng hp sau:
+ M Cover.
+ Mt tn hiu vo.
Xung khi ng li (vi khong thi gian khng di hn 400ms) s c

thc hin bi b Booster (c iu khin t ng v iu khin bng tay).
73
Mi quan h gia Booster v cc giao tip quang:

STM-N Cc giao tip quang Bc sng (nm) B khuch i quang
STM-1
L-1.2 JE1
1530, 1560
BST15
STM-4
L-4.2 JE
1530, 1560
BST10, 15, 17
L-16.2 JE2
1530, 1560
BST10, 15, 17
L-16.2 JE3
1550, 1560
BST10, 15, 17
L-64.2
1530, 1565
BST10
STM-16
STM-64
4.1.3.2. STM-16 PREAMPLIFIER PR16 (Tin khuch i)

L cc b khuch i quang c t ngay trc thit b thu quang nhm
khuch i tn hiu ngay trc khi tn hiu c a vo thit b. iu ny gip
lm gim yu cu nghim ngt v nhy ca thit b thu v cho php h thng
truyn dn quang hot ng vi tc bit cao hn. Do v tr lp t, cc b tin
khuch i hot ng vi tn hiu vo yu v mc nhiu u thu cao. Do vy,
yu cu ca mt b tin khuch i l nhy ln, li ln v nhiu thp.
PR16 card c 2 khe cm rng. S khe ca card l s cc khe bn tri.
Thit b PR16 cho giao din 2.5Gbit/s c s dng phi hp vi b optical
Booster ci tin di truyn dn ca giao din 2,5Gbit/s cho ng dng

knh STM-16 n.
4.1.4. Card ISA
ISA l loi card chuyn i dch v tch hp c th thch ng c vi
mt s dch v mng hin c nh: ATM, ETHERNET, MPLS. Card ISA thc
hin tp hp cc lu lng khc nhau, sp xp vo khung C4 (140 Mbit/s), ri
kt ni vo mng SDH mang li hiu qu cao trong vic s dng bng thng.
Sau y chng ta s tm hiu mt s Card ISA c trn thit b 1660SM:
ISA Eth Module
74
ISA Ethernet Card cung cp cc giao tip 10/100baseT cho php kt ni

gia 2 mng LAN trong mt cu hnh point to point. Card ny ng vai tr nh
l mt gateway i vi mng SDH.
Hnh 4.4. Cu trc ISAEth module

Cu trc ca ISA-Eth module da trn 2 card:
-
Access card (ETH-ATX) cung cp 14 giao tip Ethernet 10/100BaseT cho

php kt ni LAN to LAN.
Port Card (ETH-MB) cung cp 11 giao tip Ethernet 10/100BaseT.

Lu lng Ethernet s c sp xp thch hp vo nhng cu trc truyn
dn SDH, ri c gi n SDH Matrix card vi mt thng lng tng ng

4STM-1. T y, n c th thc hin chuyn i tc bng cch ni cho
lung Ethernet 10/100Mbit/s thnh mt SDH VC bt k (VC12, VC3, VC4).
Cch s dng Card ISA-Eth trong thit b 1660SM:
-
ISA-Eth main board: 1 khe cm pha di (11Ethernet ports).
ISA-Eth access board: 1 khe cm pha trn (14Ethernet ports).
ISA-Eth c th c cm khe cm Port Card bt k.
C th s dng ln n 400 giao tip Ethernet trn mt thit b 1660SM.
ISA GbE Module
75
ISA Ethernet Card cung cp cc giao tip 1000BaseSX/1000baseLX cho

php kt ni gia 2 mng LAN trong mt cu hnh point to point. Card ny ng
vai tr nh l mt gateway i vi mng SDH.
Hnh 4.5. Cu trc ISA GbE module

Cu trc ISA-GbE module gm 2 card:
-
Port Card (GETH-MB) cung cp 4 giao tip Ethernet 1000BaseSX/LX.
Access card (GETH-AG) m rng s lng cc cng 1000BaseSX/LX ca

main board vi 4 giao tip b sung 1000BaseSX/LX.
Lu lng Gigabit Ethernet s c sp xp c bit trong cc cu trc
truyn dn SDH, c truyn t ISA-GbE card cm vo module v pha SDH

Matrix Card qua mt sau (vi thng lng tng ng 8VC4), sau cc
SDH Matrix ni mi VC4 vi Port Card STM-N thch hp n pha truyn dn
mng WAN.
Cch s dng Card ISAGbE trong thit b 1660SM:
-
ISAGbE main board: 1 khe cm pha di (4GE ports).
ISAGbE access board: 1 khe cm pha trn (4GE ports).
ISAGbE c th c cm khe cm Port Card bt k.
C th s dng ln n 96 giao tip GE trn mt thit b 1660SM.
76
Ethernet Switch Port Card: ES48FE

Thit b 1660SM c th cm c 8 Port Card ES48FE.
8 giao tip Ethernet/FE v 1 giao tip GE c t mt trc ca card.
Khi khai bo s c mt ca mt card ES4 8FE bng CT/NM, thao tc vin
phi chn 1 trong 2 cu hnh sau:
+
SMII: 16 cng bn trong c s dng truyn thng vi mt sau

panel. Cho php thc hin cc kt chui o (VCAT): VC12-xV (ln
n 50), VC3-xV (ln n 2).
+ GMII: 2 cng bn trong c s dng truyn thng vi mt sau
panel. Cho php thc hin cc kt chui o: VC12-xV (ln n 63),

VC3-xV (ln n 12), VC4-xV (ln n 4) .
Mapping: s dng th tc ng khung chung (GFP) v th tc truy nhp lin
kt SDH (LAPS). Sp xp cc lung Ethernet trong cc SDH VC: VC12,
VC3, VC4. S iu chnh dung lng lin kt LCAS cho php thao tc
vin thm/xa mt s VC t nhm xu chui v duy tr lu lng d mt VC
ca nhm b li.
Chuyn mch c da trn:
+ Kt ni Ethernet trn cng c s c to ra bi thao tc vin.
+ Cc Ethernet bridge c kch hot: MAC bridge, VLAN bridge,
Stacked VLAN bridge.

Ngoi ra, ES4 8FE cn thc hin mt s chc nng qun l nh: qun l
cht lng dch v QoS, qun l iu khin lung
Tng bng thng gii hn t ES48FE chuyn tip n Matrix card tng
ng 4STM-1.
ISA ATM plug-in module
77
Cc module ISA ATM c cm vo thit b 1660SM l gii php ti u

truyn dn v tp hp lu lng ATM. Thit b 1660SM c th cm c 4
module ISA ATM. Cc nodule ny thc hin cc chc nng: x l tn hiu SDH,
x l tn hiu ATM, chuyn mch ATM. C 2 loi ISA ATM card c s dng
l ATM Matrix 44 card v ATM 88 Matrix card.
ATM Matrix 44 card
Card ny cung cp mt Matrix chuyn mch ATM vi tng bng thng l
622 Mbit/s. ATM 44 card thc hin sp xp cc lung ATM thnh cc knh
PDH 2 Mbit/s, PDH 34 Mbit/s, VC12, VC3, VC4. C th kt ni ln n 16
knh vi bng thng gii hn l 622 Mbit/s.
ATM 88 Matrix card
Card ny cung cp mt Matrix chuyn mch ATM vi tng bng thng l
1,2 Gbit/s. ATM 88 card thc hin sp xp cc lung ATM thnh cc knh PDH
2 Mbit/s, PDH 34 Mbit/s, VC12, VC3, VC4 hoc VC4-4c. C th kt ni ln n
16 knh vi bng thng gii hn l 622 Mbit/s.
4.1.5 Card CWDM
CWDM l k thut ghp knh phn chia theo bc sng nhng c gii
hn s bc sng (ch s dng 4 16 bc sng). Vic gii hn s bc sng
tuy lm gim hiu qu s dng bng thng so vi vic s dng WDM hay
DWDM, nhng u im ca CWDM l c th p ng c cc ch tiu k
thut ca truyn dn trong si quang sao cho khng b nhiu gia cc tn hiu v
cc sng mang lin k. Sau ay l cc thnh phn ca CWDM.
B tch sng Transponder (COWLA2)
C hai loi:
-
Module SPF quang B&W STM16: SS-16.1, SL-16.1, SL-16.2.
Module SPF quang Colered STM16: SS-16.2C, SL-16.2C.
78
Trong trng hp s dng colored Module, 1 trong s 8 bc sng sn c

theo khuyn ngh ca ITUT phi c la chn, mi bc sng c 1 module
khc nhau. Cc bc sng l: 1470 1490 1510 1530 1550 1570 1590
1610nm.
COWLA thc hin c 2 chc nng l n nh bc sng (b tch sng)
v ti to bc sng (b ti to) trn 2 knh ring bit c h tr. Mi knh
c cu thnh t 2 giao din quang. Khi lm vic nh l mt b tch sng th
giao din quang ca knh l 1 B&W v 1 mu. Khi lm vic nh b ti to th c
2 giao din quang ca knh l mu.
Card Mux/demux 8 knh (COMDX8)
Card ny c cm cc khe cm 2 8 v 13 20. COMDX8 thc hin
ghp/tch cc bc sng ca nhm 8 knh: 1470 1490 1510 1530 1550
1570 1590 1610nm n/t pha ng dy.
Card COADM 1 knh (COADM1)
Card ny c cm cc khe cm 2 8 v 13 20. Card COADM1 thc
hin ghp tch cc bc sng cho php xen r 1 trong s 8 knh sng mang
trn si quang v cho qua cc knh cn li. C th s dng 8 Card COADM1
khc nhau, mi card xen r 1 bc sng.
Card COADM 2 knh (COADM2)
Card ny c cm cc khe cm 2 8 v 13 20. Card COADM1 thc
hin ghp tch cc bc sng cho php xen r 2 trong s 8 knh sng mang
trn si quang v cho qua cc knh cn li. C th s dng 4 Card COADM2
khc nhau, mi card xen r 1 cp bc sng.
-
1470 1490.
1510 1530.
1550 1570.
79
1590 1610.
4.2. Cc c ch bo v ca thit b 1660SM

4.2.1. EPS (Equipment Protection Switching)
EPS l chuyn mch bo v thit b 1660SM trong tng i Alcatel, ESP
thc hin chuyn mch bo v cc card khi cc card c s c xy ra hay b h
hng trong qu trnh hot ng m bo cho h thng hot ng mt cch
lin tc v chnh xc, n c chc nng chuyn mch t ng t card chnh sang
card d phng khi card chnh c s c.
Sau y l mt s card c bo v EPS trong thit b 1660SM:
Matrix card
EPS bo v theo nguyn tc 1+1 (gm mt card chnh v mt card d
phng). Khi card chnh li th n s c chuyn qua card d phng. Khe cm
chnh l 23, khe cm d phng l 40.
LS port card: P63E1, P63E1N, P63E1N-M4
EPS bo v theo nguyn tc N+1 (N = 16). Vi N card chnh P63E1 th
c mt card d phng, v card d phng c cm khe cm 32.
HS port card: P3E3T3, P4ES1N
EPS bo v theo nguyn tc N+1. C ch bo v cng ging nh LS
Port Card nhng ch dnh cho nhng cng HS in.
Vi card Access HPROT, n cng c bo v tng t nh cc Port card
(nh trn hnh). Card bo v c cht bn tri ca card chnh.
80
Hnh 4.6. Cc khe cm card trn thit b 1660SM

Ngoi ra bo v EPS c th p dng c cho card traffic PDH/SDH vi cc
giao din in. Trong nhng trng hp gn y EPS c ng dng trong giao
din traffic card.
4.2.2 MSP (Multiplexer Section Protection)
MSP l mt phng php bo v mng tuyn tnh trn tt c cc giao din
STM-N. Khi c s c trn mt tuyn i hay v hay c hai tuyn th MSP thc
hin chuyn mch thay i ng i cc tuyn b li sang tuyn d phng
nh trc bng cc phn mm iu khin bo v.
MSP bo v theo nguyn tc tuyn tnh 1+1 hoc 1:1.
MSP tuyn tnh 1+1 ngha l ch thc hin chuyn mch thay i tuyn theo
mt hng, khi c mt tuyn i hoc v b li th n ch chuyn mch sang
tuyn d phng vi hng i tng ng (single ended).
MSP tuyn tnh 1:1 ngha l thc hin chuyn mch i tuyn theo hai hng
c i v v, khi c mt tuyn i hoc v b li th n chuyn mch sang tuyn
d phng vi c hai hng i v v (dual ended ).
81
Hnh 4.7. S bo v MSP tuyn tnh 1+1 v 1:1

Trong trng hp c hai tuyn b li hay c s c iu khin chuyn
mch bo v MSP th mng vn b mt kt ni.
4.2.3 SNCP (Subnet connection Protection)
SNCP l phng php bo v ng truyn vt l gia cc giao din
SDH, n s dng hai tuyn cp song song nhau trong cu hnh mng Ring vi
hai hng truyn ngc nhau. Trong trng hp bnh thng th mng thc hin
truyn ti theo mt hng nht nh t hng B n A hay A n B, khi c s c
mt hng th n s chy theo hng cn li tuyn d phng. Ta c mt s
phng php bo v tuyn ng cp trong cu hnh mng Ring STM-16 l:
2F-MSPRing: l s dng hai cp i v v v c th truyn theo hai hng
ngc nhau trong mng Ring, khi c mt hng b li th mng s c
truyn theo hng cn li.
4F-MSPRing: cng tng t nh 2F-MPSRing, ch khc im l dng n
4 ng cp, trong 2 ng i v v chnh v hai ng i v v ph. Bo
v 4F c tnh an ton hn so vi bo v 2F nhng tn km hn.
82
Hnh 4.8. Bo v SNCP 2F-MSPRing

4.3. ng b trong thit b 1660SM
Cu trc phn cp ng b:
Hnh 4.9. Cu trc phn cp ng b ha trong mng SDH.
83
Tn hiu ng h c phn phi trn khp ton b mng li. Mt cc

trc phn cp c s dng cho iu ny. Tn hiu c i qua ph thuc vo
n v cung cp ng b ha SSU v ng h thit b ng b SECs.
ngn nga nhng li truyn dn trong mng SDH, ng h ca cc
phn t mng phi c ng b n mt ng h trung tm c pht ra bi
thit b ng h tham kho chnh PRC tun theo khuyn ngh ITU-T G.811. y
l mc cao nht ca ng b trong mt mng. Thng c 2 PRC khc nhau
trong mt mng, mt chnh v mt d phng.
Mc th hai ca cu trc phn cp c i din bi thit b cung cp
ng b ha SSU, thng l mt thit b c lp trong mng. Trong trng hp
tham chiu PRC b mt, SSU cung cp cho mng mt tn hiu ng b ha cht
lng cao. Mi SSU c th c s dng nh mt s tham kho cho cc SSU
khc.
Mc th ba v l mc cui cng ca s ng b ha c i din bi
ng h thit b SDH SEC m thng thng c xy dng vo trong nhng
phn t mng SDH. SEC lc ra s bin ng t s tham kho thi gian u vo
c chn v cung cp phn t mng SDH vi mt kh nng holdover (b lu
li) trong t nht 24 gi. Ch hot ng bnh thng ca SEC phc v cho
mt SSU.
S ng b
Cht lng nh thi s gim i khi s lng nhng lin kt ng b ha
tng. V vy, s lng nhng phn t mng trong mt mng cn phi c ti
gin v nhng l do tin cy. Cc gi tr cho chui tham kho ng b ha trng
hp xu nht. (ITU G.803):
-
K (S lng SSU cc i trong mt chui) = 10.
N (S lng SEC cc i gia 2 SSU) = 20, vi tng s cc ng h

ca phn t mng SDH gii hn l 60.
84
Hnh 4.10. S ng b ha
Cc mc cht lng
ITU- T G.811: " Cc yu cu nh thi ti u ra ca nhng ng h tham

kho s cp thch hp cho thao tc cn ng b ca nhng lin kt s quc t ".
ITU- T G.812: "Cc yu cu nh thi ti u ra ca nhng ng h t
(slave) thch hp cho thao tc cn ng b ca nhng lin kt s quc t ".
85
ITU- T G.813: "Cc yu cu nh thi ca nhng ng h t thit b SDH

(SEC)".
S khi chc nng ng b ha
Hnh 4.11. S khi chc nng ng b ha trong thit b 1660SM

SETS Functions
Chc nng SETS (Synchronous Equipment Timing Source) l mt h
thng con ca phn t mng SDH v n c cung cp trong Matrix Card ca
thit b 1660SM. Thit b SDH chp nhn cc li vo ng b t nhng ngun
sau:
-
T1 l ng h nhn c t tn hiu ng dy STM-N.
T2 l mt ng h nhn c t tn hiu 2 Mbit/s.
T3 l mt tn hiu 2 Mhz.
86
T6 l mt tn hiu 2 Mbit/s khng cha d liu nhng cha thng tin

SSM.
B dao ng bn trong VCO (Voltage Cotrolled Oscillator B dao

ng iu khin bng in p).
SETG Functions
SETG (Synchronous Equipment Timing Generation) pht ra nhng tn
hiu ng b ha sau y:
s dng bn trong:
-
Mt ng h h thng T0 (622,08 Mhz) c cht la chn ngun

ng b (T1, T2, T3 hoc T6) v phn phi n thit b.
CK38MHz: nhn c t T0 v c phn phi n tt c cc cng,

tn s ca n l 38,88MHz.
MFSY: ng b a khung ti tn s 500Hz, thu c t CK38MHz, n

cng c phn phi n tt c cc cng.
SY1S: tn hiu ng b th hai trn Matrix card ca 1660SM.
s dng bn ngoi
-
T4 l mt tn hiu 2MHz.
T5 l mt tn hiu 2 Mbit/s.
T4 v T5 chia s cng mt u ni trn SERVICE card, c la chn

bng phn mm.
87
Chng 5: H THNG TRUYN DN SDH ALCATEL

LUCENT STM - 16 CA VNPT THA THIN HU
5.1. Gii thiu chung
VNPT Tha Thin Hu l mt thnh vin ca Tp on Bu chnh vin
thng Vit Nam (VNPT), c tr s chnh ti s 08 Hong Hoa Thm, TP Hu.
VNPT Tha Thin Hu thc hin cc chc nng v nhim v:
- T chc, xy dng, qun l, vn hnh, khai thc mng li vin
thng kinh doanh v phc v theo quy hoch, k hoch v
phng hng pht trin do Tp on Bu chnh Vin thng Vit
Nam giao. m bo thng tin lin lc phc v s ch o ca c
quan ng, chnh quyn cc cp, phc v cc yu cu thng tin
trong i sng kinh t, x hi.
- Thit k v thi cng mng Vin thng.
- Kinh doanh vt t thit b thuc lnh vc Vin thng, cng ngh
thng tin.
- Kinh doanh cc ngnh ngh khc trong phm vi php lut cho php
v thc hin cc nhim v do Tp on giao.
Hin nay, p ng v phc v nhu cu s dng dch v ngy cng
cao ca khch hng, VNPT Tha Thin Hu xy dng v pht trin mng
li truyn dn mi trn nn quang, trong c h thng truyn dn SDH
Alcatel Lucent vi dung lng ln n 10Gbps (STM-64). H thng truyn
dn SDH Alcatel Lucent l h thng va mi c lp t v a vo s dng
VNPT Tha Thin Hu, c s dng theo cu hnh mng Ring. y l mt
trong nhng h thng truyn dn trong mng Vin thng ca VNPT Tha
Thin Hu. Vi dung lng ca mng truyn dn ln n 10Gbps, VNPT
Tha Thin Hu c kh nng cung cp tt c cc loi hnh dch v vin thng
88
m khch hng yu cu, nh dch v thoi truyn thng, truyn s liu knh
thu ring, ADSL tc cao, Ethernet, truyn hnh Hi ngh v cc dchv
truyn thng a phng tin khc.
Trong khun kh n ny, chng ti ch nghin cu cu hnh ca cc
Ring truyn dn SDH ALCATEL LUCENT vi dung lng STM-16.
5.2. Cu trc mng truyn dn SDH ALCATEL ca VNPT Tha Thin
Hu.
Mng truyn dn SDH ALCATEL LUCENT ca VNPT Tha Thin
Hu c cu trc nh hnh 5.1. Ta thy rng, ton mng c tt c 32 ADM
c t chc thnh 4 Ring, trong c Ring CORE v Ring pha Bc thnh
ph (Ring 2) c dung lng STM-64 (10Gbps), 2 Ring cn li c dung lng
STM-16 (2,5Gbps). H thng c qun l v khai thc bng mt SERVER
t ti Trung tm Truyn dn Hu. Trn SERVER c ci t 2 phn mm
qun l h thng l 1353RM v 1354RM nh trnh by chng 3. Ti
Trung tm Truyn dn Hu c tt c 06 ADM s dng cc thit b 1660SM v
1662SMC, trong c thit b 1660SM vi tn HUE-R1.1 c dung lng
STM-64. 05 thit b cn li c dung lng STM-16. Nh vy, ti Trung tm
Truyn dn Hu cung cp dung lng rt ln cc lung E1 v cc giao din
truy nhp khc, v y l im tp trung ca tng i HOST
ALCATEL1000E10, cc HUB ADSL, tng i VINAPHONE v cc thit
b u cui cung cp cc dch v truyn thng a phng tin khc.
VNPT Tha Thin Hu chn cu trc tp Ring lm tp truyn
dn. Vi dng tp ny lun c mt hng quang d phng theo c ch bo
v SNCP nh trnh by chng 4. V vy, an ton thng tin rt cao
trong mi tnh hung. iu ny gip cho VNPT Tha Thin Hu lun m
bo tt cht lng dch v cung cp cho khch hng.
89
Hnh 5.1 - Cu trc mng Truyn dn SDH ALCATEL LUCENT ca VNPT

Tha Thin Hu
90
5.3. Cu trc cc Ring STM-16 v dung lng ca cc ADM

T hnh 5.1 ta thy rng, mng truyn dn SDH ALCATEL ca VNPT
Tha Thin Hu c 2 Ring vi dung lng STM-16, mt Ring dng kt
ni t Trung tm Truyn dn Hu n khu vc Nam TP Hu (Ring 3), v mt
Ring dng kt ni t Trung tm Truyn dn Hu n khu vc pha Nam
tnh. Sau y, chng ti s i nghin cu cu hnh c th ca cc node mng
trn 02 Ring ny.
Ring Nam TP Hu gm c 09 node nh hnh 5.1, trong c 08 node
s dng thit b 1660SM v 01 node s dng thit b 1662SMC. Cu hnh ca
node HUE-R3.1 t ti Trung tm Truyn dn Hu nh hnh 5.2.
Ta thy rng, ti node HUE-R3.1, cc Common Cards c s dng l:
01 Card PQ2/EQC, 01 Card SERVICE, 02 Card CONGI v 02 Card
MATRIX. Chc nng ca cc card ny c trnh by chi tit chng 4.
y chng ti ch mun ch thch l 02 loi card SERVICE v MATRIX
c s dng theo c ch bo v EPS vi cu hnh 1+1, ngha l 01 card
trng thi hot ng v card kia trng thi d phng (standby), v y l 02
loi card quan trng, iu khin lu lng ca h thng nn cn phi c
bo v m bo an ton thng tin. Khi xy ra s c hng card hoc card b
li, th h thng s chuyn mch sang card standby m khng gy ra mt lin
lc.
V cc card truy nhp, ta thy rng node HUE-R3.1 c lp t 06
Card P63E1, tng ng vi 18 Card A21E1 nh trn hnh 5.2. Nh vy, tng
s lung E1 cho php Add/Drop xung node HUE-R3.1 l 1821 = 378E1,
tng ng vi 06 STM-1. Nh vy, dung lng cn li trn Ring ny l 08
STM-1, dung lng ny c tch ra cc ng quang kt ni n thit b
1662SMC c tn HUE-R3.2 Add/Drop thm s E1 nh trn hnh 5.1.
91
P63
O16E
E1
S
P63
O16E
E1
S
P63
E1
MATR
P63
ES4
E1
P63
E1
P63
E1
MATR
A21
A21
E1
E1
A21
A21
E1
E1
A21
A21
E1
A21
E1
A21
E1
A21
E1
E1
CON
G
SER
V
CON
A21
G
A21
E1
E1
A21
A21
E1
E1
A21
A21
E1
A21
E1
A21
E1
A21
E1
E1
EQC
Hnh 5.2 - Cu hnh ca ADM HUE-R3.1

Ngoi ra, thit b 1660SM ca node HUE-R3.1 cn c lp t thm
card truy nhp ISA ES4-8FE. y l im khc bit so vi cc thit b SDH
truyn thng khc, v thit b 1660SM ca ALCATEL LUCENT c thit k
da trn cng ngh SDH th h mi (NG-SDH) nh trnh by chng 2.
Ngoi vic cung cp cc dch v SDH truyn thng, thit b 1660SM cn c
92
kh nng cung cp cc chuyn mch gi khc nh: Ethernet, MPLS, ATM

Card ES4-8FE ca node HUE-R3.1 thc hin chc nng ny, n cung cp
giao din truy nhp Ethernet gm 01 cng GE (Gigabit Ethernet) v 08 cng
FE (Fast Ethernet) theo cc giao thc ca NG-SDH. V vy, dng sn phm
16xxSM ca ALCATEL LUCENT c gi l Node truy nhp a dch v
trn nn si quang - OMSN.
Cc node mng khc trong 02 Ring STM-16 c cu hnh hon ton
tng t, ch khc phn card truy nhp (P63E1 v A21E1). S card ny c
lp t ty theo nhu cu s dng ca khch hng ti khu vc . Chi tit v
cu hnh ca cc node STM-16 c m t trong bng 5.1 di y:
Bng 5.1 - Cu hnh cc node mng ca 02 Ring STM-16
Tn trm
LONGTHO
NAMGIAO
TRUONGAN
XUANPHU
VIDA
PHUVANG
THUYDUONG
HUONGTHUY
Tn card
P63E1
A21E1
ES4-8FE
P63E1
A21E1
ES4-8FE
P63E1
A21E1
ES4-8FE
P63E1
A21E1
ES4-8FE
P63E1
A21E1
ES4-8FE
P63E1
A21E1
ES4-8FE
P63E1
A21E1
ES4-8FE
P63E1
S lng
01
03
01
03
07
01
01
01
01
02
05
01
02
04
01
01
02
01
01
02
01
02
93
Dung lng cung cp

63 E1
147 E1
21 E1
105 E1
84 E1
42 E1
42 E1
PHUBAI
VINHTHAI
PHUDIEN
PHUTHUAN
THUANAN
A21E1
ES4-8FE
P63E1
A21E1
ES4-8FE
P63E1
A21E1
ES4-8FE
P63E1
A21E1
ES4-8FE
P63E1
A21E1
ES4-8FE
P63E1
A21E1
ES4-8FE
04
01
02
05
01
01
03
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
04
01
84 E1
105 E1
63 E1
21 E1
21 E1
84 E1
5.4. C ch bo v c s dng trong cc Ring STM-16

C ch bo v trong h thng c ngha c bit quan trong trong vic
m bo an ton thng tin khi c s c xy ra. iu ny cng c VNPT
Tha Thin Hu quan tm hng u nhm m bo cht lng dch v tt
nht cho khch hng. Trong mng truyn dn SDH ALCATEL LUCENT ca
VNPT Tha Thin Hu, c ch bo v c s dng l SNCP vi 2 hng
quang tch bit. iu ny mang li an ton thng tin rt cao. Nguyn l
hot ng ca SNCP c trnh by chi tit chng 4. y chng ti
minh ha c ch hot ng ca SNCP trn Ring Nam TP nh hnh 5.3.
Xt mt kt ni t Hu i Nam Giao, do phn mm iu khin h
thng ca thit b 1660SM s dng giao thc nh tuyn OSPF (Open
Shortest Path First) nn cc kt ni lun i theo ng ngn nht, ngha l
kt ni Hu - Nam Giao s i theo hng Hu Long Th Nam Giao nh
minh ha trn hnh 5.3 (ng mu xanh).
94
1660S
M
NAMGIA
TRUONG
AN 1660S
LONGTH
O
1660S
M
1660S
M
HUE-R3.1
ANCUU1660S
M
XUAN
PH 1660S
HUE-R3.1
1660S
M
1660S
M
PHUVAN
G
1660S
M
VIDA
Hnh 5.3 - Minh ha c ch bo v SNCP

Gi s c s c t cp quang xy ra ti im A, cc thit b s nhn
c thng tin cnh bo, lc card iu khin chuyn mch bo v s lp
tc chuyn hng kt ni sang Hu Ph Vang V D Xun Ph
An Cu Trng An Nam Giao (ng mu trn hnh 5.3). Nh vy,
thng tin lin lc vn c m bo cho d ang c s c t cp quang xy
ra. V vy, VNPT Tha Thin Hu lun m bo cht lng dch v tt nht
cho khch hng.
95
96

Do An TN Nghien Cuu He Thong Truyen Dan Alcatel Lucent STM-16 Cua VNPT ThuaThienHue

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Do An TN Nghien Cuu He Thong Truyen Dan Alcatel Lucent STM-16 Cua VNPT ThuaThienHue

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Li ni u

Cng ngh SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierachy) ra i nh du mt

Phn I: Nghin cu cu trc ca h thng truyn dn quang, cng

Phn II: Tm hiu thit b OMSN (Optinex Multi Service Node) da

Do thi gian v trnh cn hn ch nn n khng th trnh khi

Asychronous Transfer Mode

Administrative Unit Group

Coarse Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer

Control & General Interface

Data Communication Channel

Data Communication Network

Embeded Control Chanel

Equipment Craft Terminal

Element Management Layer

Engineering Order Wire Extension

Enterprise Systems CONnection

Functional Access Domains

Fiber Distributed Data Interface

Frequency Division Multiplexing

Forwarding Equivalent Class

Generic Framing Procedure

High-level Data Link Control

Higher Order Cross Connections

Integrated Service Adapter

Packet Ring card

ISA PR-EA Packet Ring Edge Aggregator card

Intergrated Services Digital Network

Link Access Protocol SDH

Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme

Label Edge Router

Lower Order Cross Connections

Label Switch Path

Label Switching Router

Multi Protocol Label Switching

Network Access Domains

Network Element Synthesis

Network Management Layer

Network Management System

Optinex Multi Service Node

Pulse Code Modulation

Plesiochronous Digital Hierachy

Primary Reference Clock

Synchronous Digital Hierachy

NG SDH Next Generation SDH

Synchronous Equipment Clock

Service General Interface

Synchronous Equipment Timing Generation

Synchronous Equipment Timing Source

Service Level Agreements

SubNetwork Connection Protection

Synchronous Optical Network

Small Form Pluggable

Synchronization Supply Unit

Time Division Multiplexing

Telecommunication Management Network

Tributary Unit Group

Wavelength Division Multiplexing

2.4. Cng ngh NG - SDH...............................................................................21

4.2.3 SNCP (Subnet connection Protection)................................................75

CHNG I : TNG QUAN V H THNG THNG TIN

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