2005 .

12

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1838

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()

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,
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,

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,

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,

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10

2005 .
12

1 :

1.2

( 2B)( H avey & Boeckef

Hein Lehmann Isenmann Meister G.Steinhaus

),

, ,

, (
2C 3)

D
( 2A)

( 3a b),

(
S teinhaus

,
10 m m

8 % ,

2005 .
12

11

( 2D)
,
( )

, (
35
) , ,
( 60
)
,
35 90
2
mm 0.15 mm

( 4 5 ),
( 6)

, ( 3.2
11) ,

10 ,
10 20 ,
,
2
(d T)
1)A- ;
B- ;
C- ;
D-
;
E - ;
F-

3 :
a-D ;
b-N ;
c-S ;
d-Tri a

4 Steinhaus

S (
) T ria
( 3c d), (
),
,
() ,

10 %
5 ,

5 Gustav

PolyDEX VF

, 9 ( 3 )

,
60 %

12

2005 .
12
,
/
2 4
,
,

6 Hein LehmannTrenn- Forder

-Lemanit

( 2C), (S - , 3C)
30 % 50 %
(
) ,
( 2C 7)

1 1 2
,
,
,
,
,
,
1
,
()
()

3
7a b Gummi Kuper (Gigant )
(Kupeye )

()
( 2F),

l s l

,
,

1.3
1
, ,

3.1
,
, ,

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( 8 1.1),
4 ( 8 1.2),
3 ( 8 1.3),

2 ( 8 1.4)
()

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2005 .
12

13

( 1 2D),

2 10

, ( 3)
( 1.
2 )

( 8 7)

(
1.2 ) 1 2 ,
s l
3.2 s l
A of f
s/ l , ,
:
A off = l(l +s/ l )
2 100 %

(1)

,
8

10
, :

, ,
, ,
,

F K1 (s/ l)3
F K1 = F G / sin r

F R = FG
/ 2 tan r

,
, ,
,
A I A ,
I B A =I A / I B
, 9

(2)
(3)

,
10
2

t an r = d(s +d)
/ (s +l)
(4)
l d
, s , F K1
F R ,

9
( , )

,
( 8 6), ( 8
5)

10 d l ,
s FG F K1 FR

14

2005 .
12

s r ,
()
, (
) ,
EI , ,

,
20 %
s/ l
,

11 A off

S t - ;K - ;k/ St -

s
r , (B L)
a b (a
b)(
2D)
:
(
),
Rm
A off
,
S = R m/

(5)

:
xy p b 2/ s2 , = f (a/ b)

(6)

S s l (s/ l)

s ,

3.3

, ,

(),
,
,


,
, 40

1 m/ s ( 12) :
Q = B L V tr (l -
)

(7)

p , s
(s2 ) ,
S 2 4 11 ,
A off ,
S (A off S) s
l (s/ l)( 11)

R m(

12

:
S t - ;
K / St - /

;
K/ St 1 -/ ;
K -
) a b

:f =23.15 kHz, W =10 m;K v =22930

, S A off
s/ l opt

R m ( R m >

, ,

R m/ > R m)

a b , s/ l ,
,

( Schmidt ),
:

O -Meinel ;-Coppers

2005 .
12
d T = l cos

15

(8)

=35 , d T =0.9

l d T / l ,

,
,

, l
/ l =1/ 3
3.4
()

( 1)

,
3.5
(
)
, , 0.
45 % 0.85 %
,
( 1.
2 , 2B)
()
,
( 1.2 , 2D)( 4
5)( 6)
, ( 1.2 ,
2A)
3.15 mm
3.5 mm
0.
5 % 3 %
13 1 %

13 ,

( ;
)
(051202)

( 40 )
,

3
, ,

,

, ,
,

( ;
)
(051209)