PHN M U.

PHN 1: TNG QUAN V TA NH CN BO V.

Tnh ton thit k chng st cho ta nh, bo v ton b.
Vi iu kin:

Chiu di kim 3m.

Vng t = 100m.
Bi tip a c in tr tip t Rt < 5.
Cc tip t s dng st L.50.50.5, vi chiu di l 3m.
Thanh tip a lin kt 18.
Dy dn st dung thp trn 10 v lin kt ca bi tip a bng 2 dy.

Da vo mt ng ca ta nh (hnh 1) ta c:
Mi ca dy nh thp l mi dc, chiu cao t cc nh mi ca dy nh so vi mt
t l 10m (hx= 10m), chiu cao t cc mp mi ngoi cng ca dy nh so vi
mt t l 8m (hx= 8m).
Mi ca ta nh cao l mi bng, chiu cao t nh mi ca ta nh so vi mt t
l 14m (hx= 14m).

Hnh 1: mt ng ta nh.
Mt bng ca ta nh (hnh 2) c dng hnh ch L nn bo v ton b ta nh ta
phi chia ra nhiu v tr khc nhau t kim thu st.

Hnh 2: mt bng ca ta nh.

PHN 3: TNH TON PHM VI BO V TON PHN.

3.1 La chn kim chng st:
S dng phng n kim thu st c in.
S lng: 3 kim c chiu di 3m v 2 kim c chiu di 2,5m
B tr kim nh hnh v:

Hnh 3: b tr kim thu st bo v cho ta nh

Tnh ton da trn cc cng thc:
rx= 0,75 (h hx).P
ho= 4h

9 h2 +0,25 L2

R= 4h - ho
bx = 1,5 (ho hx)
Rx = 1,5. hk
Trong :
h l cao t nh kim n mt t (m)
hx l cao cng trnh cn bo v(m)
hk l cao ca kim thu st (m)
P l h s b sung vi: h 30m : P = 1

5,5
h >30m : P = h

rx l bn knh bo v bt k ng vi chiu cao bo v bt k hx(m).

ho l chiu cao bo v theo mt phng ng gia 2 kim thu st(m).
bx l chiu rng phm vi bo v (m).
Trng hp 2 kim khng cng cao :
V nguyn tc phm vi bo v ca hai ct thu st c xc nh nh sau:
u tin dng phm vi bo v ca ct thu st c cao cao hn, sau dng phm
vi bo v ca ct th hai. Tip theo k mt ng thng nm ngang t nh ct th 2,
ng thng ny ct phm vi bo v ca ct cao hn ti mt im. im ny c chiu
cao so vi mt t bng ct th 2 ( xem nh y l ct o). Cui cng v ng cong
phm vi bo v bn trn ct th 2 v ct o theo phng php 2 ct cng cao.
Nu h2 30m th ho c xc nh bng cng thc: ho= h2 vi: h2 l chiu cao ct th 2 (m)
Lx khong cch gia ct th 2 v ct o (m)

Tnh ton:
Cp kim 1-2: trng hp 2 kim cng cao
h = 13 m , hx = 10m , L = 14m
Rx1= 1,5. hk = 1,5.3 = 4,5m

Lx
7

V cao kim s 2 so vi mp mi l 2m nn:

Rx2= 1,5. (3+2) = 7,5m
ho= 4h

9 h2 +0,25 L2

= 4.13

9.13 2+ 0,25.14 2

= 12,37m.

bx = 1,5 (ho hx) = 1,5.(12,37 - 10)= 3,55 m.

Cp kim 2-3: trng hp 2 kim cng cao
h = 13 m , hx = 10m , L = 10,5m
Rx3 = 1,5. 3= 4,5m
ho= 4h

9 h2 +0,25 L2

= 4.13

9.13 2+ 0,25.10,52

= 12,64m.

bx = 1,5 (ho hx) = 1,5.(12,64 - 10)= 3,96 m.

Cp kim 4-5: trng hp 2 kim cng cao
h=16,5m, hx= 14m, L= 4 m.
Rx4= Rx5= 1,5. 2,5= 3,75m
ho= 4h

9 h2 +0,25 L2

= 4.16,5

9.16,5 2+0,25 .4 2

=16,4 m.

bx = 1,5 (ho hx) = 1,5.(16,4 - 14)= 3,6 m

Ct o cp kim 4-5:khong cch t nh ta nh so vi mi l 4 m
R = 1,5.(2,5 + 4) = 9,75m
Nh vy vi 5 kim b tr v tr nh trn th ta nh c bo v ton b.

3.2 Tnh ton tip a:

Mt h thng ni t thng thng gm nhiu cc v thanh kt hp vi nhau. Nu

dng mt cc hoc mt thanh lm b phn ni t thng khng t tr s in tr tip
t theo yu cu.
Ni cch khc mun gim tr s in tr ni t th ghp song song mt s cc vi
nhau. Theo l thuyt khi ghp song song n cc li vi nhau, th in tr ni t tng
ng c tr s gim i n ln nhng i vi h thng ni t khng hn nh th v khi c
dng in chy vo trong t qua cc cc s c hin tng trng tng h lm ngn cn
dng in chy vo trong t gia cc cc.
Nu mt b phn ni t mun pht huy ht tc dng ca n th bn thn gia chng
khng chu nh hng ca trng tng h, iu ny lm cho khong cch cc cc ln
hn 20m r rng trong thc t khng thc hin c, hn na do yu cu cn bng in
th nn khong cch cc cc cn rt li mt khong cch ti u.
3.2.1 Cc cng thc s dng tnh ton:
3.2.1.1 in tr ca mt cc dng trn chn thng ng trong t (r c ) c thnh phn
cu to ng nht (= const):
Cng thc:

rc =

2,3
2l 1
4t 1
log log

2.l .
d 2
4t 1

Trong :
: in tr sut ca t (/m)
l: Chiu di ca cc (m)
d: ng knh ngoi ca cc (m)
t: chn su ca cc tnh t tm cc ln n mt t (m)
3.2.1.2 in tr ca thanh t nm ngang trong t

Mt thanh thp trn t trong t theo phng nm ngang song song vi mt t

cng to thnh b phn ni t. Nu cc thanh kt hp vi cc ct chn thng ng th
chng s to thnh mt hn hp ca b phn ni t cc- thanh.
So vi chiu di th ng knh ca thanh trn t nh hng n tr s ni t ca
n. chn su n nh t 0,6 1m
Nu dng mt thanh n thun t nm ngang lm b phn ni t th hiu qu
s dng s thp nhng nu kt hp vi cc cc chn thng ng, chng to thnh mt b
phn ni t cc thanh th hiu qu s dng s cao.
in tr ca mt thanh t nm ngang trong lng t c xc nh theo cng thc:
Vi thanh dng trn:

rth =

2,3
l2
log
2l
d .t

Trong :
l: chiu di thanh (m)
d: ng knh ca thanh (m)
t: su ca thanh (so vi mt t) tnh t tm (m)
Vi thanh dng dt:

rdet =

2,3
2l 2

log
2.l.
b.t

Trong :
l : l chiu di thanh (m)
b : l chiu rng thanh (m)
t : chn su ca thanh (m)
3.2.1.3 H s s dng ca b phn ni t nhng vng t c cu to ng nht :

Trong mt h thng tip t thng gm nhiu cc thanh lin kt vi nhau, s lng

cc, s lng thanh cng nhiu, khong cch b tr gia chng cng ngn th hin tng
do mn chn tng h cng ln lm tng in tr tn dng in trong t ca b phn ni
t, gim hiu qu s dng.
T s in dn G ca b phn ni t trn tng in dn ca cc cc hoc thanh ni
t thnh phn c gi l h s s dng ca b phn ni t

r
G
o
n.g o n.Rnd

Trong :
Rnd v G ln lt l in tr v in dn ca b phn ni t
go v ro l in dn v in tr ca cc hoc thanh
n l s cc hoc thanh ni t thnh phn
in tr ca mt b phn ni t gm cc thanh t nm ngang

rt =

rt
n. t

in tr ca mt b phn ni t gm mt s cc chn thng ng

rc =

rc
n. c

Trong :
rt l in tr thanh ni t.
rc l in tr mt cc ni t chn thng ng.
t l h s s dng ca thanh t nm ngang
c l h s s dng ca cc cc ni t chn thng ng

3.2.2 Tnh ton s lng cc v dy cn s dng :

Ta ly chiu di ca cc l 3m v khong cch t cc n mt t l 1m
Tnh in tr tip t ca cc st (L.50.50.5) c chiu di l v ng knh ngoi d ng
su vo lng t, u cc cch mt t 1 khong t c tnh nh sau :

rc =

2,3
2l 1
4t l
log log

2.l.
d 2
4t l

Thay cc tr s cho vo cng thc :

l = 3m ( t chn)
= 3,14
d = 0,95b = 0,95 0,05= 0,0475 m

t=

l
2

+ khong cch t mt t n u cc = 1,5+1 = 2,5 m

= 100 m

=>rc =

2,3
23 1
4 2,5 3

100 log
log

2 3 3,14
0,0475 2
4 2,5 3

= 27,29

in tr tip t phi nh hn 5
Ta xem in tr ca h thng tip t ch bao gm in tr ca cc cc R c, nh vy ta suy
ra c Rt = Rc < 5
in tr ca mt b phn ni t gm mt s cc chn thng ng

Rc =

rc
n. c

=>

rc
n. c

< 5 =>

<n

Vi:
rc= 27,29
c = 0.8
27,29
5 0,8

=>

< n => n > 6,8 cc ( ly 7 cc)

Vy n phi ln hn 7 cc nn ta chn n = 8 cc.

in tr ca mt thanh t nm ngang trong lng t c xc nh theo cng thc :
Vi thanh dng trn nn ta c cng thc:

rt =

2,3
l2
log
2l
d .t

Trong :
l = (n-1)l = (8-1).3 = 21m (trong l l chiu di ca thanh )
d = 0,018 m
t=1
= 100 m

rt =

2,3
212
100
log
2 21 3,14
0,018 1

= 7,65

V s dng mt thanh n =1 nn in tr ca b phn ni t l :

Rt =

rt
n. t

7,65
1.0,8

= 9,65

in tr ni t tng ng ca thanh v cc :

Rtc=

rc rt
r c . t +r t . c . n

27,29 .7,65
27,29 . 0,8+7,65 . 0,8 .8

= 2,95

Vy ta thit k 2 bi tip a :
mi bi cn s dng 8 cc st L.50.50.5 v 21m st trn c 18 lin kt vi dy
dn st dng thp trn 10.