ALLRIGHTS RESERVED @ snag Snow Nopart tis book may be reproduced oraz in an form oy any ance ar chia, phtocoying and recoring iy ay normaton storage adresse witout e misono the pale First Edin: Apel 2000, ‘Supervised by ABDUL MALIK MUJAHID i The History of Islam (Volume One) By Akbar Shah Najeebabadi Revised by Safi-ur-Rahman Mubarakpuri Edited by Abdul Rahman Abdullah Formerly Raymond J. Manderola Fordham University, USA and Muhammad Tahir Salafi fd Darussalam Int Publishers & Distributors Riyadh, Houston, New York, Lahore, DhakaIn The Name of Allah, ‘The Most Beneficent, The Most Merciful Publishers Note We are presenting Before you the History of son in three volumes. This book was orginally weitten in the Urdu language in 1922 (1343 ‘At by Akbar Shah Khan Najecbabadi. This was the time about 25 years before the partition of Indian Subcontinent into Pakistan and India. For the purpose of brevity, the compiler has presented the authentic events in concise frm from the famous histories of Islam Written in the Arabic andl Persian languages by the great Muslim historians ike Tabari, Ibn Athi, Mas‘udi, Abul-Fida, tin Khaldin and Suyut, apart from getting benefited from the authentic books of Aladith for the compilation of the part about the biography ofthe Prophet Muhammad -So, this compilation i actully the extract of the works ofthe famous Muslim historians Although Islam, the religion of All, has een sent from the beginning with Adam ‘8%, the father of man, butt is recognized as the religion which our Prophet Muhammad 4 brogght to the ‘mankind. So, this compilation has the mention of our Prophet in the start ARer that seul information hasbeen added about history, its beginning and its benefits, and some mention ofthe best possible "ulng system for mankind has been presented which Islam advocates, Then the book takes ts course ‘of history from the conditionsooo ron ooo ssae as eaee eee ce SS 6 The History of flan ‘prevalent in Arabia before Islam, and moves forward tothe Prophet's life history, the Rightly-Guided Caliphate and then to the other caliphates and kingaloms after it “This book was the need ofthe time to present the tre Islamic events and their actual causes before the English readers because other books in English found on the Islamic history have been writen by such authors and compilers who did no justice in presenting the tre picture of Islamic Era but their prejudice prevented them from doing ‘We hope that the readers will find this compilation of great help in the study of Islamic history. The famous scholar Safv-ur-Rahman Mularakpuri has revised the Urdu edition before its translation to check the authenticity aspect. The translation was done by the Translation Department of Darussalam, and every care has been taken to eproduce the events land the names of the persons and places as accurately as posible. We thank all the persons who have cooperated with us to complete this task and produce it before you into a presentable form. May Allah fccept our humble efforts in this regard and send His peace and blessings on our Prophet Muhammad, his Companions and his followers—Ami Ail Malik Mjohid General Manager Darussalam Table of Contents sino God except Alia iad the Messenger of Ali ent Doss ofthe Muslims The Nature ond Facts aboot Islamic Histor Inttoducton New f History. Benefits of History Preservation of Maral Characters through History History and Family Virtue Readers of Historyroel area cese ae ieae <= 2 ‘The History of lam Wrote of Contents 3 ‘ACen Event 199 IP Tye Tenth Your of Mgzation = ‘The Trace of Hudaibiyah 19 ‘Masala Kadhdhab 8 Pelton of Haabiyah 200 uta 238 The Pledge of Ridtn a The Farewell Pilgrimage 0 Deep Loveo the Companions forthe Messenger S203 The Faenell Adress 240 Contos. 208 The Consolation of Alcs. an Reaction to the Pence Trey 206 WB rhe Eleventh Yeu of Migration 3H Unique Victory 2s The Sickness of he Propet au Consequences ofthe Trace of Fadaiyah 2s Tid nthe way of Aah rom the Sched 2a Retr of he Masins from Abyssinia 207 Mes increases, 29 “The Seventh Year of Migration 207 Asking Abu Bk: ond the rays 28 Conquest of Khabar 207 Alite before Deth 24 ‘Aer the Conquest of Kiba. 2 Death i 24 Invitation eters fo sam an ‘The Condition of Umar & 25 Arrival in Maka 212 Fines of Abu Bakr. 25 Amr bin AFAe accepts lam 313 Hallo Banusdah 26 “The Eighth Yen of Migration ae The Funeral Prayer and Burial 26 “The Expedition toMu'tah a4 Noble Features, 27 hal Sail 26 Chiaren 37 The Expedition to Quah Dh Sali, 27 Character and Festre, 28 Conquest of Maa 218 ‘Various States and Conditions ofthe Prophet 2s ‘AbuSulyin in Abadia Cheerful and Perfect Manners 209 Mach to Makdah Informalty 23 ‘Abu Sulyin honored Moderation 24 Historic Address ofthe Prope Cheerful Pispostion a4 The Truth cme and Falschod vanquished Taadable Trae of Character. a4 tenn aaa Siege of TH The Rightly Guided Caliphate. 27 Deep Love ofthe Ans for the Mesonger 3 ‘Caliph end Caliphate 257 Fist Governor of Makiah Gain to Caliph. 258 “The Ninth Year of Migration eer a Ergin Task Otjecton tothe Procedure of lcing a Caliph 201 lane Army's Departure Diference between Caliphate and Temporal Rae 240 AtTabul Relason of Caliphate with Nation, Trib or Far 22 Dini Mosque burnt down The Caliphate and Spiitval Guance as a Profession 2st The People of Tf accept la Renesas a Fist Deputy ofthe Peephet of Ash Tis Name and Genealogy 25Pet TORRE EL rr ' : Foreword ‘There is no God except Allsh A pace at world history makes clear beyond doubt that, in every country of the world and in every age all he Prophets, eformers, fuldes and founders of religions had belif in one God, and all of them made all-out efforts to convince their people of the existence of tae Hlevated Creator. Although Adar, Nh (Nosh), Tbabim (Abratam), Misa (Moss) 8 and Muhammad 3 lived in ages hundreds and thousands of years far from one another, but their tachings had ‘Oneness of the Crestor asthe common factor Krish, Ramechandeaj, Gautama Buddha and Gura Nanak happened to be in Indiar Kaigoad and Zoroaster in Ian Confucius in China, [Luginn in Greece; Yusuf Joseph) an Egypt: Lit 8 in Syria and Palestine — but Oneness of God lies atthe base ofthe teaching of al Almost all men. and children, old and young, male and female, Christians and Jews et, believe in Allah the Almighty. May be, some people in very small number refuse #9 uer the name of God but within eheir hearts they too fel His Presence, They have to aden that this process of cause and elect goes on erated and supervised by some power wise to the extreme, This Wise an Wellltentioned One isknown as All the Almighty. Foreword 2 None but the insane can reject the unanimous belie ofthe men of {nell and the magnificent creation of Allah the Almighty Muhammad 36 is the Messenger of Allah ‘The magnificent kingdom of Rome had already been broken into pisces ad its semicbrate laws and constititon had become distorted Enough to wipe oat whatever good points happened tobe therein Persian Empize had become the storehouse of oruption and atroc Chine and Turkistan appeared to be the haven of bloodshed and ferocity; in India, the administrations of Asoka and Kanishka were romexitente none could even think of the reign of Maharaja Vilanmajet, nor was there any maodel of Buddhism nor of Brahmans, ‘Those paying respects to Buddha would commit amply shameful acts for the sake of power and worldly comforts ar out of weakness in Iie Those reading the rosary of Shr Krishn had no hesitation in making men the most honorable among the rested things £0 prosrate before the vegetables and the stones. I Europe was like a forest with its men as bloodthirsty and ferocious as the beasts, the Whole of Arabia’ ad been reduce tothe state of animal. In shor, nowhere inthe world human race appeared sticking #0 its pure quality of humanness and nobility. In situation when the entire Work! had tured dark and_cisma,it was the duty of the people of India to. ponder over the fourth chapter of Gita where Shri Krshn Mahara says ‘0 Arjan! Whenever fith fll in jeopardy and fuithlessness| sows, I provide safety to the vitdous and establish fith by wiping the evils ut.” 1 owas the sheer duty ofthe Persians to come out in search ofa guide 5 per the dictates of Zoroaster. It vas for the Jews to wait forthe Ppaurance of the light from the peaks of the Faran range and held themselves, back from stopper stone becoming the cornerstone It was tue Doundden duty of the Christians to make the prayer of Ibrahim (Abraham) and: the gla tidings of Jesus, center of their hope. But the lob corruption and disruption and all-round darkness had causedET rrr EEE L: 2 “The History of Islam human eyes to become so dark and blind that nobody was conscious ‘enough to take himlf tobe alling and go ahead for any medicine, Jn such an age and in a territory like Arabia, Muhammad $ rose to remove the mischief of polytheism, darkness of idolatry pollution of corruption and disruption and defilement of vices and shamelessness, ‘and faising the voice of Lilo lalla, he performed his singular and sacred duty of making men out of men-like peopl, and men tobe ren of high moral and such noble people tobe men ofGod to change darkness Int light, righteousness, peace, uprightness and virtue; and ‘carve pure Muslims out ofthe deviated, idolaters and evil persons [Noh 8 was forced by the circumstances to do them away with the sword of "My Lord! Leave not one the disbelivers on the earth’ (7126) after his relentless efforts of hundreds of years to bring the eviated people of Iraq. and Arabia back tothe right path. Ms 8 tried hard to show the Egyptians and the arrogant king the right path but at last, Masa (Moses) 98 and Children of Israel saw the sight about which the noble Quin then si and drowned PharaoW’s people while you were looking (at them, when the seawater covered them)" 250) Tt is for this that Maharaj Ramchandra invaded Lanka and fought ‘with the demons, and Shri Krsha Maharaj persuaded Arjun to fight fn the battlefield of Krukshetra, and had to destroy the defying Kurs atthe hands of the Pandts In ran, Zoroaster made the wrestling of Tephandiyar and the Empire of Kiyan the base of his preaching and propagation of his faith. But ancient scriptures and sociological traditions reaching the erate scholars are unanimous that all the revered founders of religions and honorable guides in the way of righteousness have no eample to show that na short span of less than 25 years, the worst country and the ignorant and brute people became the teacher and the most civilized and well-mannered people on the earth. In less than a hunded yeas, 80 years only the followers ofthe Faith brought ‘by Muhammad & encompassed an area ranging from Allantc Ocean to Pacific Ocean ie, up to the eastern coast of China and, to say the Whole of the civilized World. This world of ours cannes present any cher example ofthis miraculous success. And i the teaching of Islam is superior to all ether religious codes and doctines fr its supreme {qualities who can then question the satus of Muhammad % being the best of all mankind, the Seal of the Prophets and the Mercy forthe world? And who can muster courage to challenge the Divine claim for the Glorious Qui’an brought by the Prophet to be matchless and inrefutable? As the Qurn says: ‘Verily, We, itis WeWho have sent down the Disk (the Qur8n) and surely, We will guard it (from comuption)” (159) History stands as the most effestive and valuable source of putting rations on the courke of progress and prosperity an sving them from the path of disgrace’ and degradation. Whenever nations have srone upto great heights they have achieved inspiration from nothing but history ‘Tho Noble Quy‘ has also old us thatthe study’ of history was quite ‘essential for human grace and succes inthis world and the Hereafter, ‘Tho events of the post nations remind us that such and sch nations bore the brunt of their evil deeds while some others achieved grand success om account of their good deeds, Events of Adam, Nah, Tbrahim, Misa and others andthe plight of Pharaoh, Nimred, Ad ‘Thamtd ete, have not been mentioned in the Noble Quin forthe sake of amusement and entertainment and to bing about sleep, but for producing in us courage to perform good deeds and keep aay fom misdeeds, and changing or presen nto bright fate, ‘The Prophets who have happened to be the greatest well-wishers and ‘ost affecdonste of ll for mankind, have always reminded them of their past history to save them from destruction. None among the ‘reat leaders and reformers ofthe world appears to have ignored the est conditions and events in bringing about alertness and consciousness among the unconscious and selflenying people of their times. It is because of this, every sermonizer or speaker has course to intresting historical events to encourage and activate their audience. Among the past heroes too, we refer those who are lovely related to. us nationally and religiously, and they exeet more Jnfuence on our lives, The study of theives and deeds of Rusa,