2/14/2010

CE-632
Foundation Analysis and
Design

Lateral Earth Pressure

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Foundation Analysis and Design: Dr. Amit Prashant

Lateral Earth Pressure

Lateral earth pressures are a function of type and amount of

wall movement, shear strength properties, weight of soil and
drainage

Foundation Analysis and Design: Dr. Amit Prashant

Lateral Earth Pressure

Lateral Earth pressure is a function of wall movement (or

relative lateral movement in the backfill soil)

2/14/2010

Foundation Analysis and Design: Dr. Amit Prashant

Lateral Earth Pressure at Rest

(No Lateral Movement)

K o = h v
v = q + z

Coefficient of earth pressure at rest,

The vertical al stress at any depth, z, is:

h = K o v + u

u = pore water pressure

Elastic Solution:

Poissons
Ko =
1 ratio

Foundation Analysis and Design: Dr. Amit Prashant

Coefficient of Earth Pressure at Rest

For coarse-grained soils (Jaky, 1944)

K0 = 1 sin

For fine-grained, normally consolidated soils (Massarch, 1979)

PI (%)
K o = 0.44 + 0.42

100

Brooker and Ireland, 1965

K0 = 0.95 sin
For overconsolidates clays

K o (OC ) = K o ( NC ) OCR

Mayne and Kulway, 1982

sin
K0 = (1 sin ).OCR

OCR =

Pc

'o

Foundation Analysis and Design: Dr. Amit Prashant

Rankines Theory: Active Earth Pressure

2/14/2010

Foundation Analysis and Design: Dr. Amit Prashant

Rankines Theory: Active Earth Pressure

Ka =

1 sin ( )

= tan 2 45
1 + sin ( )
2

Depth of
Tension Crack

zc =

2c

Ka

Foundation Analysis and Design: Dr. Amit Prashant

Rankines Theory: Passive Earth Pressure

Foundation Analysis and Design: Dr. Amit Prashant

Rankines Theory: Passive Earth Pressure

Kp =

1 + sin ( )

= tan 2 45 +
1 sin ( )
2

2/14/2010

Foundation Analysis and Design: Dr. Amit Prashant

Rankines Theory: Special Cases

v = v u

u = Pore Pressure

h = K a v + u

Submergence:

Inclined Backfill:

cos ( ) cos ( ) cos ( )

2

Ka =

Kp =

cos ( ) + cos 2 ( ) cos 2 ( )

1
Ka

Thrust

Inclined but Smooth Back face of wall:

PA1 is
calculated for
H1 height

PA = W + PA1

PA
PA1

PA

PA1

H1

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Foundation Analysis and Design: Dr. Amit Prashant

Rankines Theory: Special Cases

Inclined Backfill with c- soil:

Thrust

c
2
2 cos + 2 cos sin

z
1

Ka =

1
2
2
cos

c
c

2
2
2
2
2

4
cos

cos

cos

4
cos

8
cos

cos

sin

+
+

z
z

c
2
2 cos + 2 cos sin

z
1

Kp =

1
2
2
cos
c
c 2

2
2
2
2
+ 4 cos cos cos + 4 z cos + 8 z cos cos sin

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Foundation Analysis and Design: Dr. Amit Prashant

Coulombs Theory: Active Earth Pressure

Wall Friction:

Coulombs
theory
underestimates
Active EP

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2/14/2010

Foundation Analysis and Design: Dr. Amit Prashant

Coulombs Theory: Passive Earth Pressure

Wall Friction:

Coulombs
theory
overestimates
Passive EP

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Foundation Analysis and Design: Dr. Amit Prashant

Coulombs Theory: Solutions

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Foundation Analysis and Design: Dr. Amit Prashant

Culmanns Graphical Method: Active EP

= Wall friction

C3

C1 C2

C4

B
E

E2

E4

E3

E1

D4

D3
D1
A

D2

'
=90--

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2/14/2010

Foundation Analysis and Design: Dr. Amit Prashant

Culmanns Graphical Method: Passive EP

E1

= Wall friction

C1

C2
E2

C3

C
E E
3

C4

E4

'

A
Earth
Pressure
Line

D1

=90-+

D2
D

D3

D4

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Foundation Analysis and Design: Dr. Amit Prashant

Seismic Earth Pressure:by Mononobe

Mononobe--Okabe Method
Active Earth Pressure

: angle of internal friction of soil

Wall movement

: batter angle of wall

kv W
H

= tan 1
AE

kh

( 1 kv )

and

( )

cos 2 ( )

K AE =

PAE

: slope of the backfill top

surface

PAE

: angle of friction between the

wall and the backfill

Failure surface

kh W

sin ( + ) sin ( )
cos cos 2 cos ( + + ) 1 +

cos
( + + ) cos ( )

1
= H 2 ( 1 kv ) K AE
Assumed to be acting at H/2.
2

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Foundation Analysis and Design: Dr. Amit Prashant

Seismic Earth Pressure:by Mononobe

Mononobe--Okabe Method
Passive Earth Pressure
Wall movement

kv W
H

PPE

PE

K PE =

Failure surface

kh W

= tan 1

kh

( 1 kv )

and

( + )

cos 2 ( + )

sin ( + ) sin ( + )
cos cos 2 cos ( + ) 1

cos
( + ) cos ( )

1
PPE = H 2 ( 1 k v ) K PE
2

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