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    Rock Mechanics

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    1999. Barton-General Report. 20th Century Lessons and 21st Century Challenges in Applied Rock Mechanics

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    Rock Mechanics

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    133 views21 pages

    Barton-General Report. 20th Century Lessons and 21st Century Challenges in Applied Rock Mechanics

    Uploaded by

    castille1956
    Rock Mechanics

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 21
    General report concerning some 20th century lessons and 21st century challenges in applied rock mechanics, safety and control of the environment Rapport général concernant quelques lecons du 20iéme siBcle et défis du 2tieme siécle ‘en mécanique des roches appliquée et sireté et contrdle de Fenvironnement Bericht Uber angewanate Falsmechanik, Sicherheit und Kontrolle der Umwelt-Erfahrungen ‘aus dem 20, Jahrhundert und Herausforderungen far das nachste Jahrhundert NICK BARTON, Nick Barton & Associates, Oslo, Norway & Visiting Professor, USP So Paul, raz ABSTRACT: Aplkton of ck mechanics in cian misngengoenng is reviewed, based on perceived weukneses and Seat an aed on wide range of ples peer ste Pats Congres of IRM. Azuemets re ut orn or meh Inpoveons nse bac ees sch teu ranfomatin intent mae, and costae meling rook mass, to whch my te mang wre ha ones of her The wie eachngeessf iton ad ansoope rope st ansay coon ee enpiasid. Rock ms lato and enpiildexgn sao reviewed Sach mets re revise enseqee ut of ie cle ck ses an he wow vole of contraction avis nae rock Uses ‘Sd singe btwoen clean an ip dt ordinal een re emphasing am extended yr ed ‘Reet developmen aed Qn, Contant and dsconseaum medeling ze compared. ts cocaed Bat be meting Othe ‘Semone eco Jon andar i fr more cal nd tecly rer han preset “lst” cori ‘toils Excavator tan rhe sally bliin racine response ich ain anceps of ‘Herpes emo Comp bene a the mses a ye pod ape ‘RESUME: Laplcon de a mécanique ds oka ei i ener et pase en vue, se es abs pa os ‘awa tla prune Give Gn sje rests cons dea SIM 3 Pars: Quiqus egrets ot avancs por aml ‘Shine ponte der dower de ne, sore in eswfraton der cotites dan ee matsi isa ee de ere’ des masts roche Ts ex det drains das legos es coc ase d compen” pore Ee ‘mang Ls eas igor de dsan, propaes atop et ado aot les sont sous Lessee de ‘lsieon a si voceut ede la concen cpg sont stp en ive. Ces tole sat a oesaunce Indaba finde a comple des maui roche volume onl de cen eh ee ise Des velors slmpe tle mode decnfcaion et Jontes een ou a concen econ sot Sus, ews {ysbe Qet rece devlopenen appl Grau Deena de easton cone cosine ot compe ext onc {Gok recblnion ts compen: rhc, oes dst ede beacoup, pos sot spre ge x ols ‘sans cnt ye "eet Les excavations ls les qe es tous de forage soles lee et repens. surest Sicrpe, Ts Jol ow abague dea rst, fe al deol eee ject repent ue ee see ute Les ‘omportemet coups jen seers de ope un medion comic apprepite pou cpl. Zoxanmenieng: Di flgde Aufirnge ete cnen Oheick Sher Anwendung der Fesmachask inden Bersih Biv Une Gningeriuresey a er rele bkatr Schon in Seer uel im Hibs afi il on Themen ea ‘dem 1SRM Reng in Pars vorpal de. Vetesirunesvasctage warden in engen Grundbercen gent, wie 2B, ‘Sprung in iatcrnden Matec wnt Mavelsrng ex Spunonpsconengreratens ron Fel ween bode Sunegende Ning! Ia'cer Hondhabongsufeence onsen. Di wetechenden,Asrwfcngen von Dian, aaopen Egenctaen und Crentingingen weren Revorgnien. Ausrlea werden ie Klssiikaion von Fels od eroiscie ‘Deignmetodentesgechn Sole Mcthen snd ee townie Fae dx Koreas Fes nd des elven Urfangs ‘de Bunkitcn ie elon Fee Dente on cifcne Veraangenachen Klee ud Epps i an Hing dor orctenenQ.Sstons ued. Gee Nevenvcing Ora herrzeoben Kontineiehe un dsonigeriche ‘Simerngen wees vespicien Det autor kon auger Scousfoaeog, das ee honbicoe Sully de Kent, Fay KDE und Tenafchenweltus me pies vd tcc feeva se as eke “lick Box" Koniirhe ‘Molsle Auschachngon, ps als Bollcie, seurachen nvtarucie‘cine Reson der Khe ond der Me De [Arachne de’ Reto elt einen erathaien un ntewendget Fehler dar ekopoee Prose nd ast imamichen Ansien Decende konielrcte ‘Simalenngen, gen neta zum mugelaenVestandls der oben ‘chrebenen Verne be 1 inTRooucon srprsiion of economics, aity, eure, conta Seoionent ign oprain. constuction paces ad cme rock ener ofthe eat century wil be engaged in a Schllog” (Ae Nelson 1990) Futon ic aseperapensaiy fo negate Keoladgs Trang ts amble the combined expeice of key [gsengy gwopysics,Aptlogy, sil and rock mechs, pers o's ok engineering department eater 9 pe Sis poet, and even sieres wih Separnan bod it tuner of prople an dspnes. The Ts 1650 sores the wid ange of ops hat Theme | spp ack technics rary be cefoned wih when telnet Stomping fo pve good advice en Yat owe Poul also ols why thee so many fas on so may ops a ‘Theme [which my caleaue Niele Van der Meret Ire sites Tn thi plementary Cent Repo, swt twenty of he pes wt efter ona tse ecoeed of Ley {ngorane ote pepo for be Tes inde ch tapes init ses ensomatin fot fe pas Tap dt a crtatve madels. siete metodo eating rock mst popes ‘TBM neingin om and ed ock Grouting jp eck Dicontna dln an ‘Some 25 years ago in Sout Aen he wt palit was ‘lc whit the mou import pope ck Seeing? Is answer was joe dlton seg shearing. A il een a ‘moment, tete my te moe jin i his coke hae ‘saat io ayes a tie “Toit givens sod cnc, he word antrepy woxld be ae ioe to nora proper. The iy tae jitsracte ander an he eg aieope eck mas properties cing permet) ae dame ‘tr aject, ft ae teaing be frpten Ia oo pal ‘Stnaem modeling, whee oy sep aise ape Sopled du to time nd badgetry consis, In, oF Inconetsumuoas. 2 PRINCIPAL. STRESS TRANSFORMATION TO JOINT [AND FAILURE PLANES | fndaeata aspect of applied rock mechanics and safety ise of come inperunce is ates tonormaton i Slbes dam abtnerts nd wenn nels an avr "Tansformaton of rine sss 9a ost ake) senor sss (6) comenent lean gary lane ht Snes ot shear. rds (eve exit) sear oe universally ‘edo Mot ea (8), "The conporet toy ually cada lows: 12 (0,409 -14(6,-00828 o Teme-oosi28 a vier = angle between theo detn sd the imaginary ae “The problem fd in ok nd si egies that ats fae sacs do est (rw exit ithe she Stain an in mary terials thy as te Mow rock ja ise wen sheared nls ey pine aso. Compaced Susan, gave ck il nd oercomoed ly so alte ‘lest bh ae seared andr ol hgh evs are "When sion accor shear est ashes sin ae 20 longer costa Both in wo and ex rash ae of Mote enc Pret il ae Oat bh te si nt rock mechs ‘mma te wel tte the ned for energy coer, tha cst (hormal) se and cons (ermal) sss ‘nd condone eneth slope and tun tunnel we ormly freind and acoued fer, We so comet te technical oi apes by the dan at Fs ccd nd ner the fab as nase tare mentees Baron {aL THR The poeta sion ony agua ot Stren nd roma es nreace ewe | Binal beeing of dpa joins one tm ep a In 1985, dose ter an former collage, Br Khsrow Bathara th ter tempo shar ih i agoaly Joma bles of sna cones sed yd 2 lng hack cud si ame, (aks avon, 184). ‘ites under self weigh Kang tad pein hen ‘eae IRC, Goint roughness sett) varying fom #2 0 407 forse 1.31014 long ed samples. Te est se op ‘shown eben Inigo. The sted ses ‘th ie 1) a Figure | (Dotom) was shown fo facta he {Sku fare envelope, when ste tansioraton wes tase on equations Fant? Dus toe (ually fous me of ote ses, tis fen possible in reck mechan to pesos ncrcecte inex eso jo pes porto sheng the sae saps a ‘eva ses nail est amt at sto Fig 1 rind ster boxes ‘abit opie he shar enh ois htt 4 Bare ane atom i ts ed Scho are, ‘ih verieaon by ea sr toting, Rese rede ‘engi and eased (star bx) azegh for mone an 100 tsps even in igre an and Chey, 197M, Mem pedised pa = (Go tnx) Mean eed Sg 22ST om sear bo ing) SHEARBOX AND INDEX TESTING OF ROCK JOINTS ings $68 Wy coset = O20 420 Fy, veh aA ab i Tex feD IRC, anc, He @ e@ wr i> 0s, are ‘ 4a oo) kadekee srt R=a08 Le a FS, pk Dn eh 8, 8 Tipse? bain ding ser fe al Bardo In sono Figure 3 sem poe st of menue ane sed shove fe Pawe & fom Ge a (199) prongted Gale pget section the “JRCICS of Bon andimode fa the crite! emo al mesuee ‘regis te npr than rede) doe ote sme poem of sressransfrmaion an Figure, beease a novel yi ‘hal lodge nso ued by Gal nd rege es ‘ersfortn the 4° nine Js, lena coeuional Sez Box where thei are paral 00 0; ’A ‘pessbe sobion the icorect Moke ses tnstoaon ste econo be mobile om an Soe ee eee ee SS 4 ae = s a> i ie i i, ; i i ' i i 5 i i, ascran (0 aes Pon pat raphe RC 101 ean Sen Seas Messed Po) none soaecineetaere etc Sass ‘The dition comet sss tanto, a ized by Bath an Bann (1989), 35 fas, 46462) (0-0) 042 Bde) ry 0) 2 Brdn gs) @ ‘Te ihion of tye i the soon sess antrmton Saguaed by equates 3 and 4 meas at yw lou be Tighe than called by Mae tho we wl be her i (Gedy) 48 anf lb ler od) > 45. Sic Tn pica ial oaing frame ick or nyratic Grinder ong), tbe rao vy tat one assumes I eng fred Soa (BS i my ity "Tis 100 years er fey cased serous iar in 198 hae one a a ae Ta jk ant 28 MPa, eo he ‘elf noma jit oi Nabe hat All the ‘ine tested by Gal (Figure) ae showing the sae aed foe ‘ome form of mobilzd aion consctan. A wie-snging ‘ed for coven appre i ah rock ml ects, ‘therver ial natras aeddelermaons me pai (Gg Gates an ssa, 109) Thee mack woe 0 Aone nent terete. 3. INPUT DATA AND CONSTITUTIVE MODELS Sever Theme 1 authors have reputed the ry of nme fmol of uns, evere an rock sper Wel wil het Iaido resenaon of seer of exe ing te Geston proche ing te cman on onde metodo ‘dscns, wih occas ef beh Sermnieane Sesto opresenaon Bal ts 199, Hila 198, Dagopes ,1999 an ange, 199, mae "Without wishing singe ot any ul paper. a gene ocston and impor ste ust neveteless be aed ns we Ie af est ory Jers ofock engineering desloge ro the 2 cet, ad pert tet ways posed fe nest ‘Te cil ques conc th be eae of se tn rormton pute andthe ean of he ae ‘ich heya ed Sold ve teen oe abe often ren to deca paces) aon neo or ne pr fa ck mae tht have ees get specie Hod Bowe Paras an tree ot RM aes ie RMI oF (65) Glock and Brow 1997) Insel gore he gue ecto ate of joining nd res drtuion snd ee combed eet oe For prom? 1 deen to bse rock tos eng ‘hitter on inact ek cove Red puss, Sed tent yn mening? ei ato ee Se enigs of he ont of he Hek- Brown con rk mac ht ln se when he ck ses we Smal empresa, an the rogers ‘ther me aetna cio? Sodan bye uence ue cri mae. be serbia i a he ‘one dein and sca qa rections oe 1 Mote Colon based a fran o an and 3 fecmaion for be top he Sengh oc se an {oxi of the ea evn eens ie ‘hoes ot atte Ime coves of togy ds ‘Bove i ined preset a 50 onl tek egiceing ‘riers. "ren in romeo cs, ad sng jt the sine jpn arcs be ently wieiy ee la-ormon Ectniow sow ia Fgste 5 ‘mat be appara The Saco nes Gaal om ape X ype Bo ype dott educa nen of the act ack ict igh int gw For ron eo of KK, tyes and KK, esa) fad to ge ad yee tepectnely, an we ero Mgy sthowpic ay starr of ede are mu ely ako oe. sep a ook ase bear gue cnt yj bv ose ee te ak Mm WeEA TREC 7 ri ISK AKD IT X "ave Nim cn nd hp tot in 082 «o a) (Gte)/q 180 ewes Recomm of kas er ee et ac acc ile snes) omar ban sndChoubey 17, Doe an Hema tT a Bron. ‘ine fing, (ean 9, ma) ten a ere ad Feet elope speach woud surely bee we fee “ren and jit deoraton foals re os ast undertod empl eto fr ng napa cole he shes eu of ctu a jie eck ae ‘eauenedin gue 5. The emptaly sd fg em fede eve Canora thr fabs) 10 the ea MSM ‘scent te cotactarea (A, = GJICS x 100%) ad he sssune coma ea, =100%). "The dean of recesary input data consing JRC. 1, Agand lout bythe dee tet stow In Pie 2. Eau index tet reba oes R and fo gave fd fll ele rok (Le cused rook) were deste by ‘Baron an Kemal 1981 They fave Bon permed wh Spe ses apt 3 avin ght danse ie ‘noe simple fomalation fred Jum Is ‘Sate printer se (Bato, 198. ‘hr are formation for ct rockin ms of a si tense fr BeBe uloyia,)e19 o ‘whic tows leat at eas p to Be edule eansen {Garon 1776) Av example he grant M3 for Sletten Kinesone, 7 for Os Hl limesane 9 fo Naan pio aod Stor Westerly rans. sald be ae a fe X ers in spsialy repent Tones he fermion) nae the irs 1. ICS, repesert the effective compesive stengts, which ae ‘Spore wih he ean, sumed narra set each ete ‘Theta ad sal son ems yal 80 have spec pial_meaing With the exception of the inact Teck oxmulon, whith i prey exerting (Baro, 1970) the ‘er lsc sed in Figure inl noxd ncn py {doc tes to odin ther mapnioes Coe thee kat eve. ogy no expec, ah scoala odeling {Sse Posaps we shel Toppy and fie ck “posses hepato 4 CLASSIFICATION METHODS FOR ESTIMATING ROCK MASS PROPERTIES “Two widely wl caicuion matte developed inte exiy vce (Bins, 1973 and Barone 1974) hae ‘eo sujet te mss, jae Mor Cul Hk sd Brows aera ave for xk mas However ethos posi can eid han seed ‘hisiexion ‘Gough sjecve ferences in nerreor (as dscused By acre al 1999 in his cong can be demons, 0 ‘arin ges Mach scuson has eon ce RA snd ‘ere developed an een some layer are epi o kab (SSRN = 0 the ane ss = 30 igh om the Sato esl op W> scent tines (Glass, 1959 snd Banoe and Coma, 184) the Inch hae rene ese ad 2 "op eget Stes has always been absent form RMR. bt eee incety,fom te Fao 670, weeded or esimaig mc" eke 1080 Q —> NV, +#——> M Apex, Rock mass quay Sebmicvlosly —_Delrmaion moose mp | | pe Ys 090435 teveae) e100") e100" apa) ream | | pres eae vey | poor coca | vory| Bt, | Ex Fe too” | poe 00] good | ou hae a aaa - oor] + Yso | i 1s b. oos i ot{ i ea} 20 10 aor whe te) dE BRE] F0 eve, Ch eg rat een Ve M Phe 9) SF Ia he Qrabe. Cncening orton of sacs, Ante cnem dermton es pt pope sm te ued or ME, EL sagen ighpent trees) at be Rarehaertenai aan games aen anslet istiia ae aia eee ae eee ers eens a et ee foley lopli le peg lg cere Se cess Say ols ae Me rere re ees eed oes Beceem ee ayant en reser err Gs gue ea eas aaa a ee ee Pe eee ee a cee a ener pre Sl peta orleae cen seal ace eee ele eee eaten Eten oped ice 194 tipo ncremes (m2 mor liner manne) The ss of, ‘the thesia seg fle forte nomial 10 sf P0109! aves) (6) Ruroce complies the V-Q-depporsty ie ecnsip Monae ees —owin awe 7. Dea of deepest hen Yon35eteG, Games} Myhen Meqeng sete weloty ama ach as oe ae 2A om) (©) imeresng Ses of apres ty Chas et (199) or @ the Japanese at exon dove of 0 m span the epee Lev inv ioumar) (00) Shay of sy 48 kms forthe Cycle weed wea Be onverta 2 Qvale and then © 2 Q-e, yraing of he ere P= rail suppose (a nel ores) ‘ep, psy ad nil sompeson seg theese of mek ecrmation moses Simnse mesures peered in bo oF anh ols Qe 0x a/t00 useancing an excvaon a pre by he sane tos, te 9, = nal compression strength Sopot sess ee woul! be set ere Ieuan ¥, = Prva webciy fom shallow reinaion sais Gop ised sone vlc, wach ay yay ong (eb 25 dep) ‘rah doh oat en be Conve to Qraues whech won show les vation with depth i sally appropiate othe ner eves oft ee ‘hr nrg paper by Sac eta (1950) Los eso, stows togphle ses tlt in the fundton of the Ingous da flowing many yeu of monkering. Sema rontner oereses i elsty ae shown (eg. 40 10 43 Ke) as reer let is iced by teat 100 te. "Whores rope, ster se, 42 V-D-nppor press “Te aa suppor rts inert fre tlt anc accor spas sper y eon 8. bad on Baron e 197% wie assumption that eva 2 appearing In he ral equon can ote be appovinatd to unity. whch Sriw'for sony snes jon). In ew of the {pronation zien eqesion 8 esl spo presi ‘Bhima gen Ine ph hard de of te Pgs 7 souls Soria wit th sou slay. We my he conacare hn the mama version of, f20 x 6/100) ray be Setersineimpotenent 0 eqn 6 forte case of Wak oF ornare P= 10Q" ca’) on Is meres to tet his aan vera elton tthe {ook mast delomadon odels (guason 7) Wel seems inherety aso Paine « Incomeaonl us, a sown teh side of Psu P= 00 a (here iin unin fie M iin OP) "ular rims nthe exsvaon sured one wil be one reson for cre, However wl curio sues {Mbbing eeu 9 resced spp premure al iil Be ‘ced depth trees, Seta the ghar mel Fue Van dor am in Frc Fem Gap OLE dein eo [gation 10 rela he tate with he Logon vale. ‘ott ver bos ppoxinato, ht as tal seed ty te Vy Lapeon dan thown i Figure for to cam tes in ‘race. ohps suprisingly there i sre thee usifiion for is single Imeevlaiontip. When the Lagen tt ‘np, srmaon ts. Ten amosphres (MPS) ‘rons alt peso gps in ne Lagoon st spe Seni reouson i eecuve ses fe Sle om Joma se orjlt sets tat we ety feed "Sma sto ts rly penetra by raked ater psu geste space cequed for Ryne Jick of some of the Jest. Wien prelate coms le the peru Ene cbed ny ont he tout mewued flow The popes shown st gue 9 tise whe ize Ina dl low approximation can te Shown aypotnate auton 10 (L~ 10,1 Ue mse of 9 ‘le Housing spprotination cer aig of ach ‘Se ofthe dma ost permeates ack’) om ferve ths npc velalrtip Hom fal ow assump, ‘Bann. 1950), "Teh shown in Fig 9 src deren of Figure 7 ssh and pen sles each ies appro) aed thee Ove may tice i he al spinon oT ne agp dr of magni ale fom 107 te 1" me rm wat rock ma gut Bet ck tase gay, Now the aoitige of the tse of the tem ‘Sermcbii” la view ofthe fet tats Lageon txt 3 2 to 1) even when jolt eta ‘orinacs by only 104 ins pecs ieston, Metsu ‘erations at cavers indicted» stengr eft oe joe ‘msovopy tan om ses sna acting oh thn "Te ele of sess ssinoopyo om aay, oie combined eft when thse mso8ops ae heal exo, an te meaured by sciic sree. New he seat, refacion ‘Seismic an be sedate by eta foes Na 33 ‘i Ont al 986 nFigues19az 1 "A Vy aniavopy as och aS to] kes Ingles stoned mous isotopy, wich can oti fo ‘ua pearing is Fare. The wo M GPa nd Vy ‘Sexpre e ke Meio en For eample an ansouoy sada ttt shown in Fg 188 (om Nan ta 1983) wou ive te fone esate ‘nediba srrp Cases appre) Vpn 2 kgs mice Ma6ache 1674 fot I io our mt RS Fp 21. Apron ge opi dicen ‘Scns a ls ee chung le Soper astute (Bosker, 199) shown in Figure 2.4 none of sion the fro fhe eo matory tunel (sti sap tnd ‘een nthe UEC mod! bt mo inte contin del, ich ould at Be a reve mated for modeling his Jo lemma probien.The lager dplaenens, which hve jeter ats ebviwsy eee by the donimant lng fr cel mised Inthe arp ode, wich sees" Toteinrabter" ints gone, The FLAC method cones Ino Ison whore lage dipacneat re ineled, ough ve Stes squat Mow of compte mate ‘Cooled proces mouing whieh sy lng a ater sessin, an impetntsapisetion of ppd rock ‘neha. hr re a of ie alin hi en ‘hich eve menton ee Deshi (1999) hate ed their crete tre nto appear tying terry ised gray segregien, sold TAGS, for etaned recor. Peed eet paboays st wed to enhanc het refer i ll ses ig sta into to prove he Mow ool othe producing wel “Tne autos Siow a rearibly deed 3D mode of 2 Joi reser from Texan However he dion Of Sperare (1200 of nde thls iba repose to ‘ectve sree) snp het te Sean ye mde ‘ed The tes wes novel “ht pack” concn est tno. ter with conventional conde et (anspont (hing std dison modeling “sic coatast ots comple ut rp 3 face ner, {sth simple denorstion mae of cupid hyo ‘mechani behave, gen by Cuter at Maral 197 ‘he upper pat of Gagne fo Figue 23, show cl-waer ‘sates vel fepers afte 10 di of col wer ow in acetal ort Inthe seo sn neooned del Ine lowe pro daa coed model hows ess ‘Tet in pla than he copied mode!) ae cntion of the mnt and ieeased ape othe jot ae he Sd ewe Ampito conn at ‘emeacocoOveas tate ot ‘The authors waed a oem coupling heween PROPHET (NGL 1862 forcing alder ena an two Pas cater fw a the UEC BB coat for opi Ilaria cy elev ses nt tener ‘pl or the ea cen. with he help of exerinpoved comeing poser, il behest ona fl cole ANAT ode wih notnar propery wid « compet 3D Jot Sever” model ach at FRAGMAN, NAPSAC or 2DEC. Det of th wil pas ADE ee fw ceo) and incorporation of hese pin mel cle the het ‘My wacheve bis iarwck mechanics, "he modeling epoted by Dante el, (1999) 0 this seslon Mghigns some of tc calnges th il be vored ‘fre 3D aly cuied HMT modeling, Tay dese the theme mechani reponse to eaing of ety Siang» di cle homer tts Yasca Moun, Neva Usa. They tie an unconventional emerald er

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