Torah en Hebreo Temprano

ii
Ancient Hebrew
Torah
Ancient Hebrew Torah
iv
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
By Jeff A. Benner
Cover design by Jeff A. Benner.

Ancient Hebrew Torah, by Jeff A. Benner.
Published 2009 by Virtualbookworm.com Publishing Inc., P.O.
Box 9949, College Station, TX 77845, US. 2007, Jeff A.
Benner. All rights reserved. Any part of this book may be
copied for educational purposes only, without prior
permission.
Manufactured in the United States of America.
vi
Table of Contents
ABOUT THE ANCIENT HEBREW TORAH ............................................1
.............................................................................7
.................................................................................... 92
................................................................................ 167
........................................................................... 219
.............................................................................. 295
vii
viii
About the Ancient Hebrew Torah

The Waw and Yud
Until 1947, the oldest manuscript of the Hebrew Bible
was the Codex Leningrad which is dated to around 1,000
A.D. With the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls in 1947
we now have manuscripts that are 1000 years older than
the Codex Leningrad. While the Hebrew texts from the
Dead Sea Scrolls (2000 years old) and the Hebrew text
from the Codex Leningrad (1000 years old) are very
similar, there are differences. One of the largest
differences is the vowels used for the text. Throughout
the Codex Leningrad vowel sound are represented by
dots and dashes placed above and below the letters. For
instance, the Hebrew word for 'no', as it appears in the
codex, is ( lo). The dot above the letter aleph is called a
hholam and represents the vowel sound 'o'. These dots
and dashes (called nikkudot, nikkud in the singular) were
created by the Masorites during the time the codex
Leningrad was written. The Dead Sea Scrolls, written
long before the Masorites, used the letter
(waw, vav in
Modern Hebrew) for the consonant 'w,' but also the
vowel sound 'o'. Throughout the Dead Sea Scrolls this
. In the Masoretic text the name

David is written as ( dawid). The dot, called the hhireq,
below the represents the 'i' sound. However, in the
Dead Sea Scrolls the name David is written as where
the letter ( yud) is used for the 'i' sound.
word appears as
From the vast amount of manuscripts unearthed in the

Dead Sea Caves it has been discovered that the letters
waw and yud (and to a lesser extent the letters hey and
aleph) were widely used as vowels. When and why they
were removed from the text and replaced with the
nikkudot appears to be a mystery. In the Ancient Hebrew
Torah all of the hholam and hhireq nikkudot have been
replaced with the letter waw and yud respectively in
order to attempt to restore the text to its pre-Masoretic
state. The reinsertions of these vowels will also aid in the
pronunciation of the text.
The Shin, Sin and Samehh

In the Modern Hebrew alphabet the letter shin ()
represents two different sounds, a "sh" and an "s". To
differentiate between these two sounds, a dot is placed
above the shin in different locations. For the "sh" sound,

the dot is placed on the right ( )and is called a shin and
for the "s" sound it is placed on the left ( )and called a
sin.
In most cases, words spelled with the sin ( )are more
closely related in meaning with words spelled with the
samehh (). In addition, Hebrew words in the Masoretic
text spelled with the sin ( )in some places, are also
written with a samehh in other places. For these reasons,
Hebrew words that are spelled with a sin ( )in the
Masoretic text, will be written with a samehh ( )in the
Ancient Hebrew Torah. As an example, in the Masoretic
text you will find the name
( yisra'el/Israel), but in
the Ancient Hebrew Torah it will be written as .
The Pictographic Script

Because the original manuscripts of the Bible are long
gone there is no way to know which Hebrew script was
used. We can make an educated guess that most of them
were written with the middle Hebrew script (also called
Paleo-Hebrew) while the older books may have been
written in the early (or pictographic) Hebrew script. The
Ancient Hebrew Torah employs the early Hebrew script for

the sole reason that this script is the foundation to all
later scripts. In addition, each pictographic letter
represents an object of action and provides the concrete
foundation to the words of the text.
Book Names
The Ancient Hebrew Torah uses the Hebrew names for
each of the books. ( bereshiyt) is Genesis;
( shemot) is Exodus; ( wayiqra) is
Leviticus; ( bemidbar) is Numbers and
( devariym) is Deuteronomy.
Chapter and Verse Numbers

The original texts did not include a numbering system for
the chapters ( paraq) or verses; these were added
later for ease of finding a particular passage within the
text. The Ancient Hebrew Torah includes the traditional
Hebrew Bible numbering system for the same reason.
The Ancient Hebrew Alphabet

Early
Modern
Name
Picture
Meaning
Aleph
Ox head
Strong, Power,
Leader
Beyt
Tent
floorplan
Family, House, In
Gimal
Foot
Gather, Walk
Dalet
Door
Hey
Man with
arms raised
Vav
Tent peg
Zayin
Mattock
Chet
Tent wall
Tet
Basket
Yud
Arm and
closed hand
Kaph
Open palm
Lamed
Shepherd
Staff
Mem
Water
Nun
Seed
Move, Hang,
Entrance
Look, Reveal,
Breath
Add, Secure,
Hook
Food, Cut,
Nourish
Outside, Divide,
Half
Surround,
Contain, Mud
Work, Throw,
Worship
Bend, Open,
Allow, Tame
Teach, Yoke, To,
Bind
Chaos, Mighty,
Blood
Continue, Heir,
Son
Samech
Thorn
Ayin
Eye
Pey
Mouth
Tsade
Quph
Resh
Shin
Tav
Man on his
side
Sun on the
horizon
Head of a
man
Two front
teeth
Crossed
sticks
Grab, Hate,
Protect
Watch, Know,
Shade
Blow, Scatter,
Edge
Wait, Chase,
Snare, Hunt
Condense, Circle,
Time
First, Top,
Beginning
Sharp, Press, Eat,
Two
Mark, Sign, Signal,
Monument
Bereshiyt / Genesis
1
1
2

3
4
5

6

7

8
9

10

11

12

13
14

15
16

17
18
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31

2
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3

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25

3
1

2
3

10
4
5

7

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9
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11
20
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24

4
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26

5
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13
5
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14

27

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30

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32

6
1
2

3

4

5

6

7

8
9
10

11
15
12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22
7
1

2

3
4

16

5
6
7

8

9

10
11

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20

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17
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24

8
1

2

3

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5

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7

8
9

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11

12

13
14
18
15
16
17

=
18
19
20

21

22

9
1
2

3

4 5

6

7
8
9
10
19

11

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29

20
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1
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5

6
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30
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32

11
1
2
3

4

5

6

7

8
9

10
11

12
13
22

14
15

16
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21

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28
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32

23
12
1

2
3

4

5

6

7

8

9
10

11

12
13
14
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16

17

24
18

19

20
13
1
2
3

4

5
6

7

8

9

10

11

12
13
14

25

15

16

17
18

14
1

2

3
4
5

6

7

8

9

10

11
12
26
13

14

15

16
17

18

19
20

21
22

23

24

15
1

2

3

4

27
5

6

8
9

10

11
12

13

14

15
16

17

18

19
20
21

16
1
2

28

3

4
5

6

7

8

9
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11

12

13

14
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16

17
1

2
29
3
4
5

6
8

9
10

11
12

13

14

15

16

17

18
19
30
20

21

22
23

24
25
26
27

18
1
2

3
4

5

6

7

8

9

31
10

11

12
13

14

15
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17
18

19

20

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23
24
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27

28
32

29

30

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32

33

19
1

2

3

4

5

6
7
8

33
10
11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18
19

20
21
22

23
24

25

34
26
27

28

29

30

31

32
33

34

35

36 37

38

20
1
2

3

35

4
5

6

7

8
9

10
11

12

13

14

15
16

17

18

36
21
1
2

3
4

5
6
7

9
10

11
12

13
14

15
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17

18

19
37

20

21
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23

24
25

26

27

28
29
30

31
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33

34
22
1

2

38

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10
11

12

13

14

15
16

17

39
18

19

20

21
22
23

24

23
1
2

3

4

5
6

7
8
9

10

11

40
12
13

14
15

16

17

18
19

20

24
1
2

3

4
5

6
7

41

8

9

10

11

12

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17
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20
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42
24
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42
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48

49

50

51

52

53
54

55

56
57
58
44
59

60

61

62

63
64
65

66
67

25
1
2
3

4

5
6

7

8

9

45
10

11

12
13

14
15
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17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24
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26

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28

46
29
30

31
32
33

34

26
1

2

3

4

5
6

9

10

47
11

12

13
14
15
16

17
18

19
20

21

22

23
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25
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27

28

48
29

30
31

32

33
34

35
27
1

2
3

4

5

6

8
9

10
11

49
12

13
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16
17
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28
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50
31

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35
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43
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51

28
1

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3
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5

6

7
8
9

10
11

12

13

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52

16

17

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21
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29
1
2

3

4

6
7

8

9
53

10

11
12

13

14
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54

30
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30
1

2

3

4
5
6

7
8
9

10
11
12
13
55

14

15

16

17

18
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21
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23
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25

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28
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30

31

56
32

33

34
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36

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38

39

40

41

42
43

31
1

2

3
57
4

5

6
7

8

9
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12

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58
23

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35

36

37

38

59
39

40

41

42

43

44
45
46

47
48

49

50

51

52

53

54

60
32
1

2
3

4
5

6

7

8

9
10

11

12

13

14
15
16
61
17

18

19

20

21

22

23

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32

33

62
33
1

2

3

4
5

6

8

9
10

11

12
13

14

15

16
17

63
18

19

20

34
1
2

3

4
5

6
7

8

9

10
11
12

13

14

15
64
16

17

18
19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28
29

30

31
65
35
1

2

3

4

5

6
7

8

9

10

11

12
13

14

15
16

66
17

18

19
20

21
22

23
24
25
26

27

28
29

36
1 2

3
4
5

6

67
8
9
10
11

12

13
14

15

16

17

18

19
20

21
22
23
24

25
26
27
68
28 29

30
31

32
33
34
35

36
37
38
39

40

41
42
43

37
1
2

3

4

69
8

9

10

11
12
13

14

15

16
17

18
19

20

21
22

70

23

24
25
26
27

28

29

30
31

32

33

34
35

36

38
1
2
71

3
4
5
6
7

8
9

10
11

12

13
14

15
16

17

18

19

20

21
72

22

23

24

25

26

27
28

29

30

39
1

2

3

4

5

6
73

7

8

9

10

11

12

13
14

15

16
17

18
19

20

21

22

23
74

40
1
2

3

4
5

10

11

12
13

14

15
75

16

17

18
19

20

21

22
23
41
1
2

3

4

5

6
7
76
10

11
12

13
14

15

16

17

18

19

20
21

22

23
24

25

77
26

27

28
29
30

31

32

33
34
35

36

37
38

39

40

41
42

43

78
44

45

46

47
48

49

50

51

52
53
54

55

56

57

79
42
1
2

5

6

7

8

10
11

12
13

14
15

16

17
18

80
19

20

21

22

23
24
25

26
27

28

29

30

31
32

33

34

35

81

36

37

38

43
1 2

3

4

5

6
7

8

9
10

11
82
12
13
14
15

16

17

18

19

20
21

22

23

24

25

26

83
27
28
29

30

31
32

33
34
44
1

2

3
4
5

6
7

84
8

9
10

11

12
13
14

15

16

17

18

19
20

21
22

23

3
4
85

6
7

8
9

10

11

12
13

14

15

16

17

18

19
86

20

21

22

49
1

2
3

4
5
6

7
9

10

11
12
13

14
87
15

16
17

18
19
20
21
22
23
24

25

26

27
28

29

30

31

32
33

88
50
1
4

5

6
7

8

9
10

11

12

13

14

15

16
89

17

18
19
20

21

22
23

24

25

26

90
91
shemot / Exodus
1
1
2
3
4 5

6
7

8
9
10
11

12
92
13
14

15

16
17

18

19

20
21
22

2
1
2
3

4
6

7
93

8
9

10
11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18
19

20

21

22
23

24
94

25

3
1

2

3
4

5

6

7

8

10

11

12
95
13

14

15

16

17

18

19
20

21

22

4
1

2
96
3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13
14

15

16
17

18

97

19

20

21

22
23

24
25

26
27
28

29
30

31

5
1

2

98

4

5

6
7

8

9
10

11
12
13
14

15
16

17
18

19

20
99
21
22

23

6
1

2
3

4

5

7

8

9
10
11

12
100

13

14
15
16

17
18

19
20

21
22
23

24
25

26

27

28
29

101
30

7
1
2

3

4

5

6
7

8
9

10

11

12

13
14
15

102

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23
24

25
26

27

28

29

103
8
1

2

3

4

5

6
7

8

9

10
11

12

13

14

15

104

16

17

18

19
20

21
22

23

24

25

26
27

28

9
1
105
2

3

4

5

6
7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17
18
106

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26
27

28

29

30
31
32
33

34
107

35

10
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12
108

13

14

15

16

17

18
19

20

21
22

23

24

25
26

27
109
28

29

11
1

2

3

4
5
7

8

9

10

110
12
1
2

3

4

5

6

7

8
9

10
11

12
13

14

15

111

16

17

18

19

20
21

22

23

24
25

26
27

28
29
112
30

31

32

33

34

35

36
37

38
39

40
41

42

43

44
45
46
47
48
113

49
50
51

13
1 2

3

4
5

6
7

8

9

10

11

12
13

114
14

15

16

17

18

19

20
21

22

14
1 2

3
4

5

115

6
7
8

9

10

11

12

13

14
15

16

17
18
19

20

116

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

15
1

2

3
117
4

5
6
7
8

9

10

11
12
13
14

15

16

17

18
19

20

21

22

23

24
118
25

26

27

16
1

2

3

4

6

7

8

9
119

10

11
12

13

14

15

16

17
18

19
20

21
22

23

24

25

26
120
27
28
29

30 31

32

33
34

35

36
17
1

2

3

4

5

121

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13
14

15

16

18
1

2
3

4
5
122
7

8

9

10

11
12

13

14

15

16

17
18

19

20

123
21

22

23

24
25

26

27

19
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8
124

9

10

11

12

13

14
15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22
23

24

125

25

20
1
2
3
4

5

7

8

10

11

12

13
14 15 16
17

18

19

126
20

21

22

23

24

25

26

21
1
2
3

4

5

6

7
8

9
10
127
11
12
13

14

15 16
17
18

19

20

21

22

23
24
25
26

27

28

29

30

31
32
128

33
34

35

36

37

22
1
2

3
4

5

6

7

8

9

10
129

11
12
13

14

15

16
17
18 19
20

21
22
23

24

25

26

27
28
29

30

23
1
2
130

3 4

5

6 7

8
9

10
11

12

13

14
15

16

17
18
19
20

21

22
131
23

24

25

26
27

28
29

30

31

32
33

24
1

2

3

4
132
6
7

8

9
10

11

12

13
14

15
16

17
18

25
1 2

3
133

4
5

7
8
9

10

11
12

13
14

15
16
17

18
19

20

21

22

23

134
24
25

26
27

28

29

30
31

32

33
34
35

36
37

38
39
40
135
26
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12
13

14

15
136
16

17
18
19

20
21

22
23
24

25

26

27

28
29
30
31

32

33

137

34

35

36
37

27
1

2

4

5
6

7
8

9

10

11

138
12
13

14
15
16

17
18

19
20

21

28
1

2
3

4

5

6
7
139

8

9
10
11

12

13 14

15

16
17

18
19
20
21

22
23

24
25

26

140

27

28

29

30

31
32

33
34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

141
42
43

29
1

2

3

4
5

6

7
8
9

10

11
12

13

14
15

142
16
17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30
143

31
32

33

34

35
36

37

38
39

40

41

42

43
44

45
46
144
30
1
2
3

4

5
6

7

8

9

10

11 12

13

14

15

16

145
17
18

19
20

21

22 23

24

25

26
27
28

29
30
31

32

33
34

35
36

37
146
38

31
1 2

3
4
6

7

8
9

10
11

12
13

14

15

16

17

18
147
32
1

2

3

4
5

6

7
8

10
11

12

13

148

14
15
16
17
18
19

20

21
22

23

24

25
26

27

28

29

149
30

31

32
33

34

35

33
1

2

3

4
5

6
7

8

9
150

10

11

12

13

14
15

16

17

18
19

20
21
22

23

34
1

151

2

3

6

7

8 9

10

11
12

13

14
15

16

152
17 18

19

20

21

22

23
24

25

26
27

28

29

30

31

32

33
153
34

35

35
1

2

3
4

5

6
7

8
9
10
11

12

13
14
15

16

17

154
18
19

20
21

22

23

24

25

26

27
28

29

30

31
32
33
34
35

155

36
1

2

3

4

5

6

7
8

9

10
11

12

13

156
14

15

16
17

18

19
20

21
22

23
24

25
26

27
28
29

30

31

32
157
33

34

35

36

37

38

37
1

2
3

4
5
6

7
8

9

10
11
12
158

13

14
15

16

17

18

19

20
21

22
23

24
25

26

27

28
29

159
38
1

2

3

4
5
6

7
8

9

10

11
12

13
14
15

16
17

18

160
19

20
21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

39
1

2
161
3

4
5

6

7

8

9
10

11
12 13

14

15
16

17
18

19

20

21

162

22
23
24

25

26

27
28

29

30

31

32

33

34
35
36
37

38

39

40
163
41

42

43

40
1 2

3
4

5

6
7

8
9

10

11
12

13

14
15

16
17
164

18

19

20

21

22

23

24
25

26
27
28
29

30

31

32
33

34
35

36

37
165
38

166
wayiqra / Leviticus
1
1
2

3

4

5

6
7
8

9

10
167
11

12

13

14

15

16

17

2
1

2

3
4

5
6
7

8
168
10
11

12

13

14

15
16

3
1

2

3

4

5

6
7

169
8

9

10

11
12
13

14

15

16
17

4
1 2

3

4

5
6

7
170

8

9

10
11

12

13

14

15

16
17

18

19
20

21

22

23
171

24

25

26

27

28

29
30

31

32
33

34

35

5
1
2

172

5
6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14
15

16

17

173
18

19
20
21

22

23

24

25

26

6
1 2

3

4

5

6
7
174

8

9

10

11

12 13

14

15
16
17 18

19

20

21

22
23

175
1
2
3

4

5

6
7

8
9

10

11
12

13

14

15
16

17
18

19

176
20

21

22
23
24

25

26
27
28
29

30

31
32

33

34

35

36

37

38
177

8
1 2

3
4

5
6
7

8

9

10
11

12
13

14

15

16

178
17

18

19
20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27
28

29

30

179

31

32
33

34
35

36

9
1
2

3

4

5

6

7

8
9

180

10

11
12

13

14
15

16
17

18

19
20
21

22

23

24

10
1

181
2
3

4

5
6

7

8 9

10
11

12

13

14

15

16

182
17

18

19

20

11
1
2

3
4

5

6
7

8
9

10

11

12
13
183

14
15 16
17
18
19
20
21

22

23

24
25
26

27

28

29
30
31

32

33

34

35
184

36
37

38
39

40

41
42

43
44

45

46

47

12
1 2

3
185

5

6

7

8

13
1
2

3

4

5

6

7

8
9
10

11
186

12

13

14 15

16
17

18
19

20

21

22

23
24

25

26

27

28

187
29
30

31

32

33

34

35
36

37

38
39

40
41
42

43

44

45

46

47
188
48

49

50
51

52

53

54
55

56

57

58

59

14
1 2

3
189

4

5
6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15
16

17

190

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30
31

32
33
34
191

35

36

37

38
39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46
47

48

49
50

51

192

52

53

54
56
55
57

15
1
2

3
4

5

6

7
8
9
10

11

12
13

14
193

15

16
17

18

19
20

21
22

23

24

25

26

27

28
29

30

31
194

32

33

16
1
2

3

5

6
7

8

9
10

11

12

13

195
14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23
24

25 26

27

196
28
29

30

31

32

33

34

17
1 2

3

4

5

6

197

9
10

11

12

13

14

15

16

18
1 2

3

4
5

6

7
8
198
9

10

11
12

13
14
15

16
17

18

19
20
21

22
23

24

25
26

27
28

29

199
30

19
1 2

3

5
6

8

9

10

11
12

13
14

15

16

17

18
200
19

20

21
22

23

24
25

26
27
28

29
30

31

32

33
34

35

36

37
201
20
1 2

3

4

5

6

7
8
9

10

11
12
13

14

15
202
16

17

18

19

20

21
22

23

24

25

26

27

21
1

2
203
3
4
5
6

7

8

9

10

11
12

13 14

15
16
17

18

19
20
21

22

23
204

24

22
1 2

3

4

5

6

7
8

9
10

11

12
13

14

15
205
16
17
18

19
20
21

22

23
24
25

26 27

28
29
30

31
32

33

206
23
1 2

3

4

5
6
7

8

9
10

11

12

13

14

15

16
17

207
18

19

20

21

22

23
24

25

26 27

28

29
30

31

32

33
34

208
35
36

37

38

39

40

41

42
43

44

24
1 2

3

4
5
209
6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13 14

15
16

17
18
19
20

21
22

23

210
25
1
2

3

4

5

6

7
8
10

11

12
13
14

15

16

17
211
18

19
20

21
22

23

24
25
26

27

28

29

30

31

32
33

34

35
212
36

37
38

39
40

41
42
43
44

45

46

47

48
49
50

51

52

53
54
213

55

26
1

2
3
4

5

6

7
8

10
11
12
13

14

15

16
214
17
18

19
20

21
22

23
24

25

26

27
28

29
30

31

32

33

34
215

35
36

37

38
39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

27
1 2

3
216

4
5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13
14

15
16

17
18

19

217
20

21

22
23

24

25
26

27

28

29

30
31
32

33

34
218
bemidbar / Numbers
1
1

2

3
4
5

6
7
8 9
10

11
12
13 14
219
15
16
17

18

19
20

21
22
23
24

25
26

27
28

29
30

31

32
220

33
34
35
36

37

38

39

40

41
42

43
44

45

46

47
48
49
50

221
51

52
53

54

2
1
2

3

4

6
7
8
9

10

11
12

13
14
15
222
16

17

18

19
20
21
22

23
24

25
26
27
28
29

30
31

32

33
34

223
3
1
2

3
4

5
6
7

8

9

10

11
12

13

14
15

16
17

18
19
20

224
21

22
23
24
25

26

27

28

29
30
31

32

33

34

35
36
37
38

225

39

40

41

42
43

44
45

46

47

48

49
50

51

4
1
2
3

4
226
5

6

7

8

9

10
11

12

13
14

15

16

17
18

19

20
227
21 22

23

24
25

26

27

28

29
30

31

32
33

34

35

36
37
228

38
39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48
49

5
1 2

3

4

5 6
229

7

8

9

10
11
12

13

14

15

16

17
18

19

20

230
21

22

23
24

25

26

27

28
29

30

31

6
1 2

3

231

5

6

7
8
9

10

11

12

13

14

15
16

17

18

19

20

232
21

22
23
24 25
26
27

7
4
5

6
7

8

9
10

11

233
12

13

14
15
16
17

18

19

20
21
22
23

24
25

26
27
28
29

30
31

234
32
33
34
35

36
37

38 39

41
40

42

43

44
45
46
47

48
49

50
51
52
53

235
54
55

56
57
58
59

60
61

62 63

65
64

66

67

68
69
70
71

72
73

236

74
75
76
77

78
79

80 81

83
82

84

85

86

87

88

89

237
8
1 2

3

4

5
6
7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14
15

16

17
18
19
238

20

21

22

23 24

25
26

9
1

2
3

4
5

6

239
9
10

11

12

13

14

15

16
17

18

19
20

21

22

240
23

10
1 2

3

4
5
6

7
8
9

10
11

12

13
14

15
16
17

18
241

19
20
21
22

23
24

25

26
27
28
29

30
31
32

33

34

35

36

242
11
1

2

3
4

5

6
7
8

9
10

11

12

13
14

15

16
243
17

18

19

20

21

22
23
24

25

26

27

28

29

30
31
244

32

33

34
35
12
1

2
3

4

5

6

7
8

9
10

11

12

245
13
14

15

16

13
1 2

3

4
5 6
7
8
9 10
11
12
13 14
15
16

17

18

19

20
246

21
22

23

24

25
26

27

28

29

30

31
32

33

247
14
1
2

3

4
5
6

7

8

9

10

11

12
13

14

15

16
248

17
18

19

20 21
22

23
24

25

26
27

28

29

30

31

32
33

34

249

35

36

37

38

39
40

41
42

43

44
45

15
1 2

3

4

5

250
6

7
8

9
10

11
12
13

14

15

16
17
18

19
20

21
22

23

24

25

251
26

27
28

29
30

31

32
33

34
35

36

37 38

39

40
41
252
16
1

2

3

4
5

6
7

8
9

10
11

12

13

14

15

16

17
253

18

19

20
21
22

23
24
25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33
34

35
254
17
1 2

3

4

5

6

7

8
9 10

11

12

13
14

15

16 17
255

18

19
20

21

22
23

24

25

26
27
28

18
1

2

3

256
4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13
14
15

16

17

18
19

257

20

21

22

23

24

25
26

27
28

29

30

31

32

19
1
2
258

3

4

5

6
7

8

9

10

11
12

13

14

15

16

17
18

259

19

20

21

22

20
1

2
3

4

7 8

10

11

260
12

13
14

15
16

17

18
19

20
21

22
23
24

25
26

27

28

261
29

21
1

2

3

4

6

7

8

9

10
11

12
13

14
15
262

16

17
18
19
20
21
22

23

24

25

26

27
28

29

30

31
32
33

34
263

35

22
1
2
3

4

5

6

7

8

9
10
11

12

13
264

14
15

16
17

18

19
20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28
29

30

265

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39
40
41

23
1

2

3

266

4

5
6

7

8
9
10

11
12

13

14

15
16

17

18
19

20
21

22
23

267
24

25

26

27

28

29

30

24
1

2

3

4

9
10
268

11

12

13

14
15

16

17

18

19 20

21

22
23
24

25

25
1
2

3
269
4

5
6

7
8

9
10
11

12

13

14

15

16
17
18

19
26
1
2
270

3

4

5

6
7

8 9

10

11 12

13
14

15
16
17
18

19
20
21
271
22

23

24
25

26

27

28
29

30

31
32
33

34
35

36
37
38
39
40
272
41

42

43
44
45

46
47
48

49
50

51

52 53
54

55
56
57
58

59

273
60
61
62

63

64

65

27
1

2

3

4

5
6
7

8

9
10
11
274

12

13

14

15 16

17

18

19

20
21

22

23

28
1 2
275

6
7

8

9

10
11

12

13

14

15
16

17
18

19

20

21
22
23
276
24

25
26

27

28

29
30
31

29
1

2

3

4
5
6

8

9
277

10
11

12

13

14

15
16

17

18
19
20

21
22
23

24

25
26

278
27
28

29

30
31
32

33
34

35
36

37
38
39
30
1
2

3

4

279
5

6

7

8

9

10
11

12

13

14

15

16
17

31
2
280

4
5

6

7

8

9

10

11
12

13

14
15
16

17

18
19

20
281
21

22

23

24
25
26

27

28

29

30

31
32

33
34
35
36

37
38

39
282
40
41

42

43

44
45
46 47

48

49

50

51

52

53
54

32
1

2
283

3
4

5

6

7

9

10
11

12

13

14

15
16
17

18
19
284

20

21

22
23

24

25

26
27

28

29

30

31
32

33

34

35 36

285
37
38

39

40
41
42

33
1

2
3

4

5
6
7

8

9

10
11
12
13 14

286
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23 24
25
26
27 28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38

39
40

41 42
43
44
45
46
287
47
48

49
50

51
52

53
54

55

56

34
1 2

3

4

5

6
288
7

8
9

10
11

12

13

14

15
16
17

18
19

20

21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29

289
35
1
2

3

4
5

6

8

9
10
11

12

13
14

15

16
290

17
18

19

20
21

22

23

24
25

26
27

28

29
30

31
32

33

34

291
36
2

3

5

6

8

9

10
11

12

13
292
293
294
Devariym / Deuteronomy
1
1

2

3

4

5
6

7

8

9
10
11
295

12
13

14
15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24
25

26
27
296
28

29
30

31

32

33

34
35

36

37

38

39

40
41

42

43
297
44

45

46
2
1

2 3
4

5

6

7

8

9

10
11
12

13
298
14

15
16

17 18
19

20

21
22

23

24

25
26

27
28

29

30
299

31

32
33

34

35
36

37

3
1

2

3

4

5

6

7
8

300
10

11

12

13

14

15
16

17

18

19

20

21

22
23
301
24

25

26

27

28

29
4
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8
302

10

11

12
13

14

15

16

17
18
19

20

21

303
22

23

24
25

26

27

28

29

30
31

32

33

34
304
35

36

37
38

39

40

41
42

43

44
45

46

47

48

49

305
5
1

2
3

4
5

6
7
8

9

10
11

12
13
14

15

16
306

17 18
19 20
21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30
31

32

33
307

6
1

2

3

4
5
6
10

11

12
13

14
15

308
16
17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

7
1

2

3
4

5
309

8

9

10
11

12

13

14
15

16

17
18

19
310
20
21
22

23
24

25

26

8
1

2

3

4
5

6
311
9

10
11

12
13

14
15

16
17

18

19

20

312
9
1

2

3

4

6

7

8

10

11

12
313

13
14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22
23

24
25

26

314
27

28

29

10
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11
315

12

13
14

15

16
17

18

19
20
21

22

11
1

2

3
316

5
6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14
15
16
17

18

19
317
20
21

22

23

24

25

26
27

28

29

30

31

32
318
12
1

2

3

4
5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13
319
14

15

16
17

18

19

20

21
22

23
24
25

26

27

28

320

29

30

31

13
1

2
3

4

5
321
10

11
12

13

14

15
16

17

18

19

14
1
2

3 4
322

5
6

7

8

9
10

11 12

13 14
15
16
17
18
19
20 21

22
23

24

25
26
323

27

28

29

15
1 2

3
4

5

6
7

8

9

10
324

11

12

13
14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21
22
23

16
1

2
325
4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13
14

15

16

326

17
18

19

20

21

22
17
1

2

4

5

6

7

327

9

10

11

12

13
14

15

16

17
18

19

20

328
18
1

2
3

4

5

6

7
8
9

10

11

12

13
14

15
16

17
18
329

19

20

21
22

19
1

2

3

4

5

6

7
8

9

330

10

11

12

13
14

15

16
17

18
19
20

21

20
1

2
3

4
331

5

6

7

8

9

10
11

12

13
14

15
16

17

18

19

20
332

21
1

2
3

4

5

6

8

9

10
11
12

13

14

15
333

16

17

18

19

20

21

22
23

22
1

2

3

4

5

6

334

7

8

9

10 11
12
13
14

15

16
17

18

19

20
21

22

23

24

335

25

26

27
28

29

23
1
2
3

4

5

6

7
8

9
10
11

336

12

13
14

15

16
17
18
19

20

21

22

23
24

25

26

24
1

337

2
3

4

5

6
7

8

9
10
11

12
13

14

15

16

17
18

338

19

20
21

22

25
1

2

3

4
5

6
7

8
9

10
11

339
12
13
14
15

16

17
18

19

26
1
2
4
5

6

340
9
10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17
18

19

341
27
1

2

3

4

5

6

7
8
9

10

11
12

13

14
15

16
17
18
342
19

20
21
22

23
24
25
26

28
1

2

3
4

5
6 7
9

10

11
343

12

13

14

15

16
17 18

19
20

21

22

23
24

25

26

27

344
28
29

30

31

32

33

34
35

36

37
38
39

40

41
42
43
44

45

46
345
47

48

49

50
51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59
60
346
61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

29
1

2

3

4
347

5

6

7
8
9

10

11

12

13
14

15

16

17

18

19

348
20

21

22

23

24

25

26
27

28

30
1

2

3

4

5
349
6

7

8
9

10

11

12

13
14
15

16

17
18

19

350
20

31
1
2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

351

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21
22

23

352
24
25

26

27

28

29

30

32
1
2
3
4

5
6

7

8

9
10
353
11

12
13

14

15

16
17

18
19
20

21

22

23
24

25

26
27

28
29
30

31
32
354
33

34
35
36

37
38
39

40
41

42

43

44

45
46

47

48
49

50

355

51

52

33
1
2

3

6
7

10
11

12

13

14
15
356
16

17

18
19

20

21

22
23

24

25
26
27

28

29

34
1

2

3

357
4

5
6

7

8

9

10
11

12

358
359
360
361

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Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Cover design by Jeff A. Benner.

Ancient Hebrew Torah

ABOUT THE ANCIENT HEBREW TORAH ............................................1

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah

About the Ancient Hebrew Torah

Modern Hebrew) for the consonant 'w,' but also the

Ancient Hebrew Torah

vowel sound 'o'. Throughout the Dead Sea Scrolls this

. In the Masoretic text the name

From the vast amount of manuscripts unearthed in the

The Shin, Sin and Samehh

Ancient Hebrew Torah

above the shin in different locations. For the "sh" sound,

the Ancient Hebrew Torah it will be written as .

The Pictographic Script

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah employs the early Hebrew script for

Chapter and Verse Numbers

Ancient Hebrew Torah

The Ancient Hebrew Alphabet

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah

Ancient Hebrew Torah