Thnh ph : H Ch Minh - Trng : THPT chuyn L Hng Phong

Mn : Ha
- Khi : 10

THI NGH - HA HC - KHI 10

Cu I :
Xt cc phn t BF3, NF3 v IF3. Tr li cc cu hi sau :
I.1. Vit cng thc chm electron Lewis ca cc cht trn
I.2. Da vo thuyt lai ha obitan nguyn t hy cho bit tr ng th i lai ha ca nguyn t
trung tm v dng hnh hc ca mi phn t
1.3. Xc nh xem phn t no l phn cc v khng phn cc. Gii thch kt qu chn
Cu II:
II.1. Cho cc phn ng thun nghch sau:
Fe3O4 + H2
FeO + H2
Fe3O4 + 4H2
Fe2O3 + 3H2

3FeO + H2O (a)

Fe + H2O
(b)
3Fe + 4H2O (c)
2Fe + 3H2O (d)

Bit rng nc, H2 pha kh, cc cht cn li pha rn

Hy biu th hng s cn bng ca phn ng (a) thng qua hng s cn bng ca cc phn
ng cn li
II.2. Qu trnh ho tan tinh th ion vo nc bao gm nhng qu trnh no? Hy cho bit
nhng qu trnh no l thu nhit, qu trnh no l to nhit. T gii thch hin tng
khi ho tan cc tinh th NaOH, MgCl2, NH4NO3 vo tng cc nc ring bit.
Cu III :
III.1. Tnh pH ca dung dch H2C2O4 0,01M.
III.2. Cho t t dung dch C2O42- vo dung dch cha ion Mg2+ 0,01M v Ca2+ 0,01M.
III.2.1. Kt ta no xut hin trc.
III.2.2. Nng ion th nht cn li bao nhiu khi ion th hai bt u kt ta.
III.3. Tnh pH ca dung dch 0,001moL CaC2O4 tan ht trong 1 Lt dung dch .
Bit H2C2O4 c cc hng s axt tng ng l pK1 = 1,25; pK2 = 4,27
Tch s tan ca CaC2O4 l 10 8,60; MgC2O4 l 10 - 4,82
Cu IV :
250C, ngi ta thc hin mt pin gm hai na pin sau :
Ag | AgNO3 0,1 M v Zn | Zn(NO3)2 0,1 M.
IV.1. Thit lp s pin.
IV.2. Vit cc phn ng ti cc in cc v phn ng xy ra khi pin lm vic.
IV.3. Tnh sut in ng ca pin.
IV.4. Tnh nng cc ion khi pin khng c kh nng pht in.
Cho:

E 0 Ag / Ag 0,8V
E 0 Zn 2 / Zn 0,76V

Cu V:
Nung hn hp A gm st v lu hunh sau mt thi gian c hn hp rn B. Cho B tc
dng vi dung dch HCl d, thu c V1 lt hn hp kh C. T khi ca C so vi hidro bng
10,6. Nu t chy hon ton B thnh Fe2O3 v SO2 cn V2 lt kh oxi.
V.1. Tm tng quan gi tr V1 v V2 (o cng iu kin nhit v p sut).
V.2. Tnh hm lng phn trm cc cht trong B theo V1 v V2 .
V.3. Hiu sut thp nht ca phn ng nung trn l bao nhiu phn trm.
V.4. Nu hiu sut ca phn ng nung trn l 75%, tnh hm lng phn trm cc cht trong
hn hp B.
Cho bit S = 32; Fe = 56; O = 16.
1

Thnh ph : H Ch Minh - Trng : THPT chuyn L Hng Phong

Mn : Ha
- Khi : 10

V P N CHI TIT
Cu I :
Xt cc phn t BF3, NF3 v IF3. Tr li cc cu hi sau :
I.1. Vit cng thc chm electron Lewis ca cc cht trn
I.2. Da vo thuyt lai ha obitan nguyn t hy cho bit tr ng th i lai ha ca nguyn t
trung tm v dng hnh hc ca mi phn t
1.3. Xc nh xem phn t no l phn cc v khng phn cc. Gii thch kt qu chn
p n :
F

F
Lai ha sp2

1,5 im

Lai ha sp3

Lai ha sp3d

0,75 im

Tam gic phng

Thp y tam gic

Hnh ch T

0,75 im

Khng cc v momen
lng cc lin kt b
trit tiu

C cc v lng cc lin
kt khng trit tiu

C cc v lng cc lin
kt khng trit tiu

1 im

Cu II:
II.1.Cho cc phn ng thun nghch sau:
Fe3O4 + H2

3FeO + H2O (a)

Fe + H2O
(b)

FeO + H2
Fe3O4 + 4H2

3Fe + 4H2O (c)

2Fe + 3H2O (d)

Fe2O3 + 3H2

Bit rng nc, H2 pha kh, cc cht cn li pha rn

Hy biu th hng s cn bng ca phn ng (a) thng qua hng s cn bng ca cc phn
ng cn li
II.2.Qu trnh ho tan tinh th ion vo nc bao gm nhng qu trnh no? Hy cho bit
nhng qu trnh no l thu nhit, qu trnh no l to nhit. T m t v gii thch
hin tng khi ho tan cc tinh th NaOH, MgCl 2, NH4NO3 vo tng cc nc ring
bit.
p n:
II.1.
2 im
Gi Ka, Kb, Kc, Kd ln lt l hng s cn bng ca cc phn ng a,b,c,d
tng ng. Ta c:
PH O
PH O
P 4 H 2O
P 3 H 2O
K

Ka 2
; b P ; Kc 4
; Kd 3
PH
H
2

Ka

H2

K c .K d
K b6
2

H2

Thnh ph : H Ch Minh - Trng : THPT chuyn L Hng Phong

Mn : Ha
- Khi : 10

II.2.
2 im
- Qu trnh ho tan tinh th ion vo nc, ta c th hnh dung bao gm cc qu
trnh nh sau:
+ Qu trnh phn li tinh th ion thnh cc ion t do (cation v anion) l qu
trnh thu nhit. (nhit phn li, Hphn li > 0)
+ Qu trnh tng tc gia cc ion vi nc to thnh cc ion hidrat ho l
qu trinh to nhit. (nhit hidrat ho, Hhidrat < 0)
Nhit ca qu trinh ho tan tinh th ion vo nc l Hht = Hphn li + Hhidrat
ca cc ion

- Khi cho NaOH, MgCl2 vo cc nc ta thy cc nc nng ln do Hhirat vt

tri so vi Hphn li Hht < 0
- Khi ho tan NH4NO3 vo cc nc thy cc nc lnh hn do Hphn li vt
tri so vi Hhidrat Hht > 0
Cu III : 4 im
II.1. Tnh pH ca dung dch H2C2O4 0,01M.
II.2. Cho t t dung dch C2O42- vo dung dch cha ion Mg2+ 0,01M v Ca2+ 0,01M.
II.2.1. Kt ta no xut hin trc.
II.2.2. Nng ion th nht cn li bao nhiu khi ion th hai bt u kt ta.
II.3. Tnh pH ca dung dch 0,001moL CaC2O4 tan ht trong 1 Lt dung dch .
Bit H2C2O4 c cc hng s axt tng ng l pK1 = 1,25; pK2 = 4,27
Tch s tan ca CaC2O4 l 10 8,60; MgC2O4 l 10 - 4,82
p n:
III.1.
H2C2O4
H+ + HC2O4- K1 = 10-1,25 (1)
1,0 im
HC2O4
H+ + C2O42- K2 = 10-4,27 (2)
H2O
H+ + OHKw = 10-14 (3)
Do Kw << K2 << K1 cn bng (1) xy ra ch yu
H2C2O4
H+ + HC2O4- K1 = 10-1,25
C (M)
0,01
[ ] (M)
0,01 x
x
x
-1,25
= 10

x2 + 10-1,25 x - 10-3,25 = 0
GiI phng trnh bc 2, ta c: x = 8,66 . 10-3 (M)
pH = 2,06
CaC2O4
Ca2+ + C2O42T1 = 10-8,60
2+
2MgC2O4
Mg + C2O4
T2 = 10-4,82
iu kin c kt ta CaC2O4:
[Ca2+] [C2O42-] T1

[C2O42-] = 10-6,60 (M)

0,5 im

iu kin c kt ta MgC2O4:
[Mg2+] [C2O42-] T2

[C2O42-]
= 10-2,82 (M)

0,5 im

III.2.

Thnh ph : H Ch Minh - Trng : THPT chuyn L Hng Phong

Mn : Ha
- Khi : 10

[C2O42-]1
[C2O42-]2 nn CaC2O4 kt ta trc.
Khi MgC2O4 bt u kt ta th:
[Ca2+] = [Mg2+] = 10-2 = 10-5,78 (M)

III.3.

Ca2+ + C2O42- T1 = 10-8,60

HC2O4K2-1 = 104,27

CaC2O4
+
H + C2O42-

1 im

1 im

CaC2O4 + H+
Ca2+ + HC2O4- K = T1K2-1 = 10-4,33
C
[ ] (M)
C 0,001
0,001
0,001

= 10-4,33
C 10-1,69 (M) pH = 1,69

Cu IV : 4im
250C, ngi ta thc hin mt pin gm hai na pin sau :
Ag | AgNO3 0,1 M v Zn | Zn(NO3)2 0,1 M.
IV.1.
Thit lp s pin.
IV.2.
Vit cc phn ng ti cc in cc v phn ng xy ra khi pin lm vic.
IV.3.
Tnh sut in ng ca pin.
IV.4.
Tnh nng cc ion khi pin khng c kh nng pht in.
Cho:
p n :
IV.1.

E 0 Ag / Ag 0,8V
E 0 Zn 2 / Zn 0,76V

- Zn | Zn(NO3)2 0,1M || AgNO3 0,1M | Ag +

0,5 im

Anot (-) : Zn - 2e = Zn2+

Catot (+) : Ag+ + 1e = Ag

IV.2.
Phn ng :
IV.3.

0,5 im

Zn + 2 Ag+ = Zn2+ + 2 Ag.

E pin = E catot - E anot

1 im

E Ag / Ag E Zn 2 / Zn

=
= ( 0,8 + 0,059 lg [Ag+] ) - ( -0,76 + 0,059/2 lg [Zn2+] )
= 0,741 - ( - 0,7895 )
= 1,53 V.
IV.4.

Khi pin khng c kh nng pht in , th lc E pin = 0.

Khi phn ng t trng thi cn bng :
Ta c :
n . E 0

Kcb

[ Zn 2 ]
=
10 0, 059 10
[ Ag ]

2.( 0 , 8 0 , 76 )
0 , 059

M t khc :

10 52,9

1 im
+

B :
P :
CB:

1 im

2+

Zn + 2 Ag = Zn + 2 Ag
0,1
0,1
(M)
2x
x
0,1-2x
0,1 + x

Vy :
4

Thnh ph : H Ch Minh - Trng : THPT chuyn L Hng Phong

Mn : Ha
- Khi : 10
[ Zn 2 ]
0,1 x

10 52 ,9
2
0
,
1

2
x
[ Ag ]
0,1 2 x 0 x 0,05M

Vy :
[Zn2+] = 0,1 + 0,05 = 0,15 M
[Ag+] = 10 52,9.[ Zn 2 ] = 1,4.10-27 M.

Cu V:
Nung hn hp A gm st v lu hunh sau mt thi gian c hn hp rn B. Cho B tc
dng vi dung dch HCl d, thu c V1 lt hn hp kh C. T khi ca C so vi hidro bng
10,6. Nu t chy hon ton B thnh Fe2O3 v SO2 cn V2 lt kh oxi.
V.1. Tm tng quan gi tr V1 v V2 (o cng iu kin).
V.2. Tnh hm lng phn trm cc cht trong B theo V1 v V2
V.3. Hiu sut thp nht ca phn ng nung trn l bao nhiu phn trm.
V.4. Nu hiu sut ca phn ng nung trn l 75%, tnh hm lng phn trm cc cht trong
hn hp B.
Cho bit S = 32; Fe = 56; O = 16.
p n:
1 im
Fe + S = FeS
Thnh phn B gm c FeS, Fe v c th c S.
FeS + 2HCl = FeCl2 + H2S
Fe + 2HCl = FeCl2 + H2
V MTB = 10,6 . 2 = 21,2 < 34
Nn : trong C c H2S v H2.
Gi x l % ca H2 trong hn hp C.
(2x + 43(100 x)) : 100 = 21,2
x = 40%
C ; H2 = 40% theo s mol;
H2S = 60%
1 im
t chy B:
4 FeS + 7 O2 = 2 e2O3 + 4 SO2
4 Fe + 3 O2 = 2 Fe2O3
C th c phn ng : S + O2 = SO2
Th tch O2 t chy FeS l : (3V1/5).(7/4) = 21V1/20
Th tch O2 t chy Fe l : (2V1/5).(3/4) = 6V1/20
Th tch O2 t chy FeS v Fe l: 21V1/20 + 6V1/20 = 27V1/20
Th tch O2 t chy S l: V2 (27V1/20) = V2 1,35V1.
Nn : V2 1,35V
V.2. S mol S = (V2 V1. 1,35) : V1 mol ( Vi V1 mol l th t ch ca 1 mol
kh iu kin ang xt)
S mol FeS = ( V1. 3/5 ) : V1mol
S mol Fe = (V1. 2/5) : V1 mol

1 im

Thnh ph : H Ch Minh - Trng : THPT chuyn L Hng Phong

Mn : Ha
- Khi : 10

3V1
.88.100
5280V1
165V1
5
% FeS

%
3V1
2V1
75
,
2
V

32
(
V

1
,
35
V
)
V

V
1
2
1
2
1
.88
.56 32(V2 1,35V1 )
5
5
2V1
.56.100
70V1
5
% Fe

%
32(V2 V1 ) V2 V1
%S

32(V2 1,35V1 ).100 100V2 135V1

%
32(V2 V1 )
V2 V1

- Nu d S so vi Fe th tnh hiu sut phn ng theo Fe,

Fe + S FeS
3
V1
n FeS .100
5

.100 60(%)
H=
2
3
n Fe n FeS
V1 V1
5
5

H = 60%.
- Nu d Fe so vi S tnh hiu sut phn ng theo S.
H =

n FeS .100

n FeS n S

3
V1
n FeS .100
5

.100 60(%) . (do nS < nFe)

2
3
n Fe n FeS
V1 V1
5
5

- Vy hiu sut thp nht ca phn ng nung trn l 60%

1 im